nawili pirveli

dazgiani yumbarsatyorcnis mowyobiloba, masTan mopyroba,

movla da Senaxva
Tavi I
saerTo monacemebi
yumbarsatyorcnis daniSnuleba da sabrZolo Tvisebebi
1. dazgiani modernizirebuli yumbarsatyorcni -9 (nax.1) aris motomsroleli da
saparaSuto-sadesanto vedanayo!ebis Zlieri sacecxle saSualeba.
yumbarsatyorcni gamoiyeneba tan"ebis# TviTmavali saartilerio danadgarebis da
sxva da$avSnuli miznebis dasazianeblad# agreTve mowinaa%mdegis cocxali Zalisa da
sacecxle saSualebebis gasanadgureblad.
saparaSuto-sadesanto vedanayo!ebSi yumbarsatyorcns -9 mie"uTvneba
mosaxsneli borbliani savali nawili da ewodeba -9 (nax &).
yumbarsatyorcnebi# romlebic da"ompletebulia %amis samizneebiT -9# ewodeba
-9 da -9.
nax. 1. dazgiani yumbarsatyorcni -9-is saerTo xedi
a ' salaSro mdgomareobaSi xeliT an $avSantransportioriT gadasatanad. b ( sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi opti"uri samizniT -9# g ' sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi opti"uri
samizniT -9 da eletronul-opti"uri samiziT' -9
1
nax. 2 dazgiani yumbarsatyorcni -9-is saerTo xedi (sadesanto))
a' salaSro mdgomareobaSi* b'sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi (borbliani savali nawiliT)*
g' sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi (borbliani savali nawilis gareSe)

2. yumbarsatyorcnidan srola warmoebs "umulaciuri da msxvrevadi yumbarebiT.
yumbarsatyorcnidan da$avSnul miznebze gamoiyeneba atiur-reatiuli gasrola -9
da "umulaciuri yumbarebi -9 da -91# xolo cocxal Zalaze da sacecxle
saSualebebze ' atiuri gasrola -9 msxvrevadi yumbariT.
garda amisa# "umulaciuri yumbara SeiZleba gamoyenebul ines mowinaa%mdegis
cocxali
Zalisa da sacecxle saSualebebis gasanadgureblad# romlebic ganlagebulia sa!arSi an
nagebobebSi.
3. yumbarsatyorcnidan miznebSi "umulaciuri +urviT srolisas e!eturia cecxli pirdapiri
gasrolis manZilis saz%vrebSi.,-
pirdapiri damiznebiT srolisas# samizne manZili "omulaciuri da msxvrevadi
yumbarebiT
aris 1.//m# xolo gancal"evebuli damiznebisas msxvrevadi yumbarebiT '01//m.
sabrZolo swra!srolaa 2 gasrolamde wuTSi*
-9 yumbarsatyorcnis wona opti"uri samizniT aris 1/#1"g (304). -9
yumbarsatyorcnis wona savali nawiliT da opti"uri samizniT aris 20#1 "g (304).
gasrolebis wonaa) -9 - 0#0 "g# -9 ( 1#1 "g# 5anTis wonaa sami gasroliT)
-9 ' 12#0 "g# -9' 19#6"g.
yumbarsatyorcnis momsaxureoba xdeba gaTvlis saSualebiT# romlis SemadgenlobaSi
arian)
yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri# memizne# damteni da mimtani.
yumbarsatyorcnis da gasrolebis ZiriTadi monacemebi mocemulia 7 1 danarTSi.
2
yumbarsatyorcnis da misi gasrolebis saerTo mowyobiloba
4. yumbarsatyorcni aris gluv"edliani# arau"umgoravi# dinamoreatiuli iara%i.
yumbarsatyorcnidan gasrolis dros# denTis muxtis wvis Sedegad warmomnili airebi
gamoagdebs yumbaras lulis arxidan# warmomnili airis nawili "i gamoidevneba
saSenidan. am dros warmoimneba reatiuli Zala# romelic awonasworebs u"ucemis
Zalas..
. yumbarsatyorcni Sedgeba Semdegi ZiriTadi nawilebisa da meanizmebisagan)
' lula sa"etiT*
' eletrosasroli meanizmi*
' samizne mowyobiloba (opti"uri samizne -9# %amis samizne -9 da
meani"uri samizne)*
' dazga*
' borbliani savali (yumbarsatyorcnis -9).
yumbarsatyorcns mie"uTvneba saTadarigo detalebis "ompleti# instrumentebi da
sa"uTno.
!. "# gasrola (nax .) Sedgeba "umulaciuri (tan"sawinaa%mdego) yumbarisa da
denTis muxtisagan.
nax. 3. "umulaciuri yumbara -9 da -9 gasrolis saerTo xedi)
a'gasrola* b'"umulaciuri yumbara !renis dros) 1-"umulaciuri yumbara* &-denTis muxti
-9* .- am!eTis saTao nawili* 0- yumbaris saTao nawili* 1- reatiuli Zrava* 2-
stabilizatori
"umulaciuri yumbaris sawyisi si5area 0.1 m8wm* lulidan gamo!renis Semdeg 1/-&/
metris daSorebiT 5airTveba yumbaris reatiuli Zrava# romelic zrdis mis si5ares 6//
m8wamamde.
yumbaris mizanTan Sexvedrisas amomeddeba am!eTi# misi impulsidan ganicdis
detonacias gamxle5i muxtis asa!eTebeli nivTiereba# warmoimneba
"umulaciuri(5awertebuli# mimarTuli)
gazebis da gamdnari metalis na"adi# romelic gaxvrets mowinaa%mdegis tan"ebisa da
sxva sabrZolo mananebis $avSans# azianebs masSi myo! cocxal Zalas# Seiara%ebas
da mowyobilobas# agreTve aalebs sawvavs.
gasrola -9 (nax. 0) Sedgeba msxvrevadi yumbarisa da denTis muxtisagan.
msxvrevadi yumbaris sawyisi si5area .12 m8wm.
3
nax. 4. msxvrevadi yumbara -9-s da -9 gasrolis saerTo xedi)
a-gasrola* b-msxvrevadi yumbara !renisas* 1- msxvrevadi yumbara* &-denTis muxti
-9* .- am!eTi -&* 0- yumbaris saTao nawili* 1- stabilizatori
yumbaris mizanTan Sexvedrisas !eTdeba yumbara# warmoimneba namsxvrevebi#
romlebic mimoi!anteba da azianebs mizans.
Tavi II
yumbarsatyorcnis daSla da awyoba
$. yumbarsatyorcnis daSla SeiZleba iyos sruli da arasruli. arasrulia%
yumbarsatyorcnis gawmendis# SezeTvis# srolisa da mecadineobebis Semdeg
daTvalierebis dros. srulia% 9Zlierad ga+u+yianebuli yumbarsatyorcnis gawmendisa
da teni"uri momsaxureobis dros.
yumbarsatyorcnis sruli daSla xdeba mxolod saartilerio saremonto saxelosnoebSi
saartilerio teni"osis zedamxedvelobiT# romelmac "argad icis yumbarsatyorcnis
mowyobiloba da misi daSla' awyobis Tanmimdevroba. $arebSi samizneebis -9#
-9# da eletrosasroli meanizmis generatoris daSla &ategoriulad a"rZalulia.
vedanayo!ebSi nebadarTulia yumbarsatyorcnis mxolod arasruli daSla.
yumbarsatyorcnis daSlis win aucileblad darwmundiT, rom yumbarsatyorcni
ar aris datenili
yumbarsatyorcnis daSla' awyobis win aucilebelia Semdegi wesebis dacva)
' gamoiyeneT mxolod saStato instrumenti# romelic aris sa"uTnoSi*
' cal"euli detalebisa da meanizmebis moxsnisa da dayenebis dros ar dauSvaT
Zaldataneba da m"veTri dartymebi*
' detalebi da meanizmebi unda daalagoT Tanmimdevrulad su!Ta brezentis sagebze
an !aneraze*
' awyobis win detalebi# romlebic SesazeTia# saguldagulod unda gaiwmindos da
Sesabamisi sacxiT SeizeTos*
yumbarsatyorcnis zedmetad xSiri daSla sazianoa# radgan es procesi nawilebisa da
meanizmebis cveTas a5arebs.
'. yumbarsatyorcnis arasruli daSlis wesi%
1) movxsnaT &ronSteinidan samiznis ganaTebis sistema%
' movxsnaT samiznis ganaTebis sistemis vaznebi samiznis badidan# s"alebidan da
Tarazoebidan*
' movxsnaT a"umulatori Tavisi "orpusiT# winaswar gadavwioT :satori*
' movaTavsoT ganaTebis sistema budeSi.
&) movxsnaT yumbarsatyorcnidan opti&uri samizne (nax. 1))
4
nax. opti"uri samizne -9 ganaTebis sistemiT
' 5amovacvaT rezinis xu: samiznis Semaval naxvrets*
' samizneze davayenoT nulovani dayenebebi# viziri gadavwioT wina u"idures
mdgomareobaSi da davamagroT. ganivad moanave meanizmis "awrulebi
SevuTavsoT*
' movuSvaT samiznis "ronSteinis mom+eri xraxni da gavacal"evoT samizne misi win
gaweviT*
' 5avdoT samizne budeSi da davamagroT Tamasaze.
.) movxsnaT borbiani savali nawili (yumbarsatyorcnidan -9))
' gavaTavisu;oT erT-erTi alami# SemovabrunoT %erZi da movxsnaT borblebi %erZidan*
' sa+iroebis SemTxvevaSi# gavaTavisu;oT %erZis Ziri dazgisgan.
0) davSaloT (am&eti me)anizmi da gavacal&evoT sa&eti lulisagan (nax. <))
' sa"eti gavxsnaT 5am"eti meanizmis saxeluris marcxniv da bolomde u"an
mobrunebiT mib$enamde*
' gamomgdeblis meSveobiT 5avZiroT zambariani :satori da misi u"an
gadaadgilebiT movxsnaT garsa"ri (garsa"ris moxsna da"etili 5am"etis dros
&ategoriulad a&r*alulia)*
' zambariani :satori gadamyvanis naxvretidan amovi%oT*
' SemovabrunoT saxeluri ise# rom daemTxves saxelurisa da gadamyvanis sibrtyeebi#
saxeluri sa"etTan erTad zemoT amovi%oT* Seva"avoT soli gamovardnisgan*
' gavacal"evoT soli saxelurisgan*
' sa"etis %erZis sa5eri gamomgdeblis meSveobiT 5avZiroT* %erZi zemoT mib$enamde
amovagdoT (amasTan %erZi r5eba lulaze) da sa"eti gavacal"evoT* misi yunwi lulis
budis "orZidan amovi%oT(nax. 6).
1) davSaloT gamomgdebi me)anizmi (nax. <))
' ber"etebis %erZis :satori# gamomgdeblis saSualebiT 5avZiroT da vemo ber"etis
sa"etela marcxniv SemovabrunoT*
' veda ber"eti movxsnaT %erZidan vemoT mimarTuli moZraobiT*
' %erZi# zeda ber"etTan erTad# lulis saxazino nawilis "orZis naxvretidan zemoT
amovwioT da %erZi ber"etisgan gavacal"evoT*
' sabiZgelebi lulis naxvretebidan amovi%oT.
2) rigrigobiT amovi+oT &onta)tebi sa&onta)to mowyobilobis &orpusidan
(nax. 1&))
' 5avZiroT gamosagdebiT :satori# sa"ontato mowyobilobis "orpusis xu: gavwioT
5au5isa da gamosagdebis meSveobiT*
' dava+iroT gamosagdebiT %ila"s# amovi%oT "ontatebi lulis naxvretidan#
gamosagdebis meSveobiT gadavaadgiloT veviT.
5
6) sa&etis ,)satoris &orpusis moxsna ( nax. 6# <))
' gamovagdoT w"iri xeliT ise# rom :satorisa da zambaris gancal"eveba ar moxdes
m"veTrad*
' :satori da zambara "orpusidan gamovi%oT.
<) dazgis wina -exis daSla (nax. &0))
' dava+iroT sa"etelas da Sida mili gamovwioT bolomde*
' Semdeg isev dava+iroT sa"etelas da sa5ers# gavacal"evoT Sida mili gare milisagan.
SeniSvna) na%msatyorcnis gansa"uTrebul pirobebSi (Zlieri yinva# wvima# Tovli#
mtveri) espluatacis Semdeg# misi arasruli daSlisas (saartilerio saremonto saxelosnos
specialistis TandaswrebiT) damatebiT xdeba mablo"irebeli mowyobilobis daSla (nax.
11)# Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT) 5avZiroT gamosagdebiT :satori da movxsnaT xu:*
amovi%oT "orpusidan :satori# zambara da sabiZgela.
#. yumbarsatyorcnis awyobis Tanmimdevroba arasruli daSlis Semdeg.
1) avawyoT dazgis wina -exi%
' SevuTavsoT sadebi gare milis Sida naxvrets (sa"etelaTi dabla)*
' dava+iroT sa"etelas da sa5ers# win wavwioT Sida mili gareTa milis naxvretSi.
&) mivaerToT sa&etis ,)satoris &orpusi%
' :satoris "orpusSi movaTavsoT zambara da :satori*
' awyobili :satori movaTavsoT lulis budis "orZSi da 5avasoT w"iri.
.) lulis naxvretebidan rigrigobiT (avdoT &onta)tebi sa&onta)to
mowyobilobis &orpusSi%
' 5avZiroT gamosagdebiT %ila"i da xeliT gavwioT "ontati zemoT mis
dat"acunebamde (am dros %ila"i 5aZiruli ar unda iyos)*
' Tu sa"ontato mowyobilobis "orpusis xu: adgilidan daZrulia# davayenoT adgilze.
0) gamomgdebi me)anizmis awyoba%
' 5avdoT sabiZgelebi lulis naxvretebSi (sabiZgelebi urTierTSenacvlebadia)*
' mivaerToT %erZi zeda ber"ets da 5avdoT lulis saxazino nawilis "orZis naxvretSi*
' davi"avoT %erZi zemodan da 5amovacvaT veda ber"eti %erZis bolos*
' SemovabrunoT veda ber"etis sa"etela mar$vniv# sa+iroebis SemTxvevaSi 5avZiroT
ber"etebis %erZis :satori.
1) mivuerToT sa&eti lulas da avawyoT (am&eti me)anizmi%
' 5avdoT sa"eti yunwiT lulis "orZis budeSi# SevuTavsoT sa"etis yunwis naxvreti lulis
"orZs da xelis ZaldatanebiT sa"etis %erZi 5avuSvaT bolomde (am dros :satorma
unda daa:siros %erZi)*
' SeviyvanoT solis zeda bolo 5am"eti meanizmis saxeluris budeSi*
' solis xel5a+idebiT# saxelurisa da gadamyvanis sibrtyeebis SeTavsebiT# 5avdoT soli
"vadratul sar"melSi da Semdeg movatrialoT saxeluri u"an bolomde*
' 5avdoT zambariani :satori +rilian naxvretSi*
' 5avZiroT gamosagdebiT zambariani :satori# 5avdoT garsa"ri gadamyvanis ubeSi
da wavwioT win garsa"ris naxvretSi zambariani :satoris Sesvlamde*
' dav"etoT sa"eti# risTvisac 5am"eti meanizmis saxeluri mivatrialoT mar$vniv win*
5am"eti meanizmis awyobis sisworis Semowmebis mizniT# erTi-or$er gava%oT da
dav"etoT sa"eti.
2) mivuerToT dazgas borbliani savali nawili (mxolod yumbarsatyorcn -9-
s))
' mivuerToT dazgas %erZis !uZe*
' %erZi movaTavsoT dam+erebSi# davawveT erT-erT alams da SemovabrunoT %erZi*
' gavuSvaT alams# am dros lilva"i unda Sevides sayeluris +rilSi.
6) amovi+oT budidan samizne, davayenoT yumbarsatyorcnze da davamagroT
mom+eri xraxniT*
<) mivuerTod ganaTebis sistema samiznis "ronStens.
1.. yumbarsatyorcnis sruli daSlis Tanmimdevroba.
6
1) yumbarsatyorcnis arasruli daSla awarmoeT me-< muxlis Sesabamisad.
&) gavacal&evoT lula dazgisagan%
' movuSvaT lulis u"ana po+o+i"is %erZis an5i*
' amovxraxnoT an5i da amovi%oT lulis wina po+o+i"is %erZi*
' avwioT lulis wina nawili ma%la# amovxraxnoT Stepselis gasarTavis an5i da
gavaTavisu;oT am gasarTavis sadgmeli generatorisagan*
' dauSvaT lula sawyis mdgomareobaSi# amovxraxnoT lulis u"ana po+o+i"is %erZis
an5i da gavaTavisu;oT %erZi*
' gavacal"evoT lula dazgisagan*
' 5avamagroT u"ana po+o+i"Si %erZi da davamagroT masze da$avSnuli milis sayure
an5iT.
dauSvebelia lulis u"ana po+o+i"is %erZis amo%eba# im dros# roca ar aris
gaTavisu;ebuli Stepselis gasarTavis sadgmeli# radgan SesaZlebelia da$avSnuli milis
gawyveta.
.) gavacal&evoT generatori dazgisgan%
' gavacal"evoT blo"irebis meanizmi (-9 da -9 yumbarsatyorcnebze)*
' SemovabrunoT damcvelis zambara bolomis irgvliv da movxsnaT damcveli
zambariT generatoris "orpusisgan*
' amovxraxnoT an5i# amovi%oT xraxnebi da gavacal"evoT generatori.
0) gavacal&evoT a&vani dazgis -u*isgan da davSaloT verti&aluri damiznebis
me)anizmi%
' gamovagdoT win mom+eri an5is owinari da amovxraxnoT an5i*
' davdoT dazga u"ana !exebze# movxsnaT sayeluri# tabi"is "onusi da +ilibyura.
Semdeg amovxraxnoT an5i*
' davdoT dazga !exebze da gavacal"evoT a"vani Zirisgan (sa!uZveli) misi zemoT
aweviT*
' gavacal"evoT a"vnisgan cocia# amovxraxnoT an5i movxsnaT sayeluri da
gamovi%oT %erZi*
' movxsnaT a"vnidan verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmi*
' movxsnaT Sida mila"i# dolura da xraxni verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmis
"orpusidan.
1) garsa&ridan movxsnaT rigrigobiT u&ana -exebi)
' amovxraxnoT an5i da movxsnaT sayeluri !exebis mom+eris saxeluridan*
' gamovi%oT zambara da movxsnaT !exi*
' gamovi%oT saxsaris an5i# borbliani savali nawilis !uZis arsebobisas movxsnaT !uZe#
gavacal"evoT "avi da gamovi%oT an5i.
2) u&ana -exebis blo&is garsa&ris moxsna%
' amovxraxnoT u"ana !exebis %erZi saxeluris meSveobiT*
' gavacal"evoT saxeluri %erZiT# ganmbr$eni milisi# +an+i"i da sayeluri*
' gavacal"evoT u"ana !exebis garsa"ri dazgisagan*
' gavacal"evoT saxeluri %erZisagan.
6) gavacal&evoT wina -exis gare mili%
' gavacal"evoT saxeluris mom+eri# zambara da wina !exis an5i*
' gavacal"evoT wina !exis gare mili dazgis Zirisgan.
<) davSaloT wina -exis Sida mili%
' gamosagdebiT gamovagdoT sadebidan w"iri da amovi%oT sa"etela# zambara da
sa5eri*
daSlis dros# sa"etela zambaris zemomedebiT rom ar amovardes# sa+iroa
gamosagdebis w"iris naxvretidan amo%ebisas# mas xeli SevaSveloT.
9) dazgis *iris daSla%
' gavacal"evoT dolura xraxnisagan# amovxraxnoT dgiTamwedan xraxni milisTan
erTad*
' gavacal"evoT dgiTamwe Zirisagan*
7
' sa+iroebis SemTxvevaSi# gamosagdebiT gamovagdoT %erZi da gavacal"evoT
zambara sa"etelaTi dazgis Zirisagan.
1/) borbliani savali nawilis +er*is -u*is daSla%
' amovxraxnoT +an+i"ebi da movxsnaT zeda (sadem!ero) zambarebi*
' gavacal"evoT zeda "avi) movxsnaT veda (resoruli) zambarebi da %eroebi.
11) borbliani savali nawilis daSla%
' movxsnaT :satori*
' amovxraxnoT borblebis morgvebidan +an+i"ebi da movxsnaT borblebi*
' amovxraxnoT +an+i"i da %erZidan movxsnaT sa"isari# ganmbr$eni rgoli# meore
sa"isari# +an+i"i da 5obali.
11. yumbarsatyorcnis awyoba sruli daSlis Semdeg.
1) borbliani savali nawilis awyoba%
' 5amovacvaT %erZs +an+i"i 5obaliT# sa"isari# ganmbr$eni rgoli# meore sa"isari da
sayeluri* mivaxraxnoT =+an+i"i da sa5erze sayeluriT davayenoT*
' 5amovacvaT borbali sa"isarze# 5avaaxraxnoT +an+i"i borblebis morgvebs da
dava:siroT.
&) avawyoT savali nawilis +er*is *iri%
' lilva"ze davamagroT sa"etelas zambara da almebi*
' 5avdoT lilva"i %erZis Ziris naxvretSi# SevuTavsoT almebis da lilva"is naxvretebi da
5avamagroT i w"iri*
' davamagroT %eroebi# 5amovacvaT maTze veda (resoruli) zambarebi*
' mivuerToT "avebi# davamagroT zeda (sadem!ero) zambarebi da 5avxraxnoT
+an+i"ebi*
.) dazgis *iris awyoba%
'zambariani sa"etela davdoT amona+rebiT vemoT# "avis loyebis(garepirebs) Soris#
5avdoT "avis %erZi ise# rom gaiaros sa"etelasa da zambaris SigniT* %erZis bolo
gavavalcoT*
' davdoT dgiTamwe dazgis !uZeze*
' 5avxraxnoT dgiTamweSi xraxni milisiT*
' 5amovacvaT xraxnis bolos dolura da davamagroT w"iriT# w"iris boloebi gavavalcoT.
0) wina -exis Sida milis awyoba%
' davayenoT sa5eri# zambara# sa"etela da 5avamagroT w"iriT.
1) wina -exis Sida mili mivuerTod dazgis -u*es%
' wina !exis an5ze 5amovacvaT sayeluri# !exebis dam+eris saxeluri da zambara*
' davayenoT !exi "avSi ise# rom maTSi arsebuli naxvretebi daemTxves*
' 5avsvaT an5i# !exis mom+eris saxeluri zambariT "avis naxvretSi da !exis TavSi#
movu+iroT an5i da dava+ilibyuroT.
2) mivuerTod u&ana -exebis blo&is garsa&ri dazgis -u*es%
' 5avayenoT dazgis !uZis yunwSi ganmbr$eni milisi da mivuerTod garsa"rs)
' 5avamagroT an5i ise# rom misi sa5eri Sevides garsa"ris da !uZis yunwebSi. an5is
da garsa"ris "awrulebi unda daemTxves erTmaneTs*
' 5amovacvaT %erZze sayeluri da 5avdoT yunwebis naxvretebSi*
' +an+i"i 5amovacvaT saxeluri %erZze da 5avxraxnoT bolomde*
' SevasustoT saxeluriT %erZi da ganmbr$eni milisis brunviT SevuTavsoT %erZisa da
milisis naxvretebi# 5avayenoT w"iri da davamagroT.
6) TanmimdevrobiT mivuerTod u&ana -exebi blo&is garsa&ravs%
' 5avamagroT an5i saxsaris "avSi yunwis mxridan*
' 5avamagroT yunwi u"ana !exebis garsa"rSi (sab$eniT gareT da "awruliT zemoT)#
SevuTavsoT erTmaneTs garsa"ris# "avis da an5is naxvretebi*
' 5avamagroT zemodan naxvretSi saxsaris an5i# 5amovacvaT an5ze sayeluri#
5avxraxnoT +an+i"i da gavu"eToT +ilibyura*
' an5ze 5amovacvaT !exi# SevuTavsoT !exis da "avis "awrulebi# agreTve zambara#
!exebis mom+eris saxeluri(ganvaTavsoT !exis gaswvriv)# sayeluri ("onusiT)
8
saxeluris"en da 5avxraxnoT +an+i"i an5Si saxeluris !exis gaswvriv da"avebiT#
+an+i"i dava+ilibyuroT*
' !exebis awyobis siswore SevamowmoT maTi gaSliT# da"ecviT da sa5erze dayenebiT*
!exebis mom+erebis saxelurebis TviTmo+eris SemTxvevaSi sa+iroa +an+i"is
mo+era.
<) verti&aluri damiznebis me)anizmis awyoba da sagebis damagreba
dazgaze%
' 5avxraxnoT xraxni SigniTa milSi bolomde*
' 5avamagroT SigniTa mili xraxniT "orpusSi*
' xraxnis gamoSveril nawilze 5amovacvaT dolura da davamagroT w"iriT*
' SemovabrunoT Sigana mili "orpusis yunwis"en da "orpusis naxvretSi 5avamagroT
w"iri*
' 5avamagroT verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmi sagebSi vevidan da SevuTavsoT
"orpusis yunwisa da sagebis naxvretebi*
' SeTavsebul naxvretebSi 5avdoT %erZi Tava"iT marcxniv da davamagroT +an+i"iT*
' sagebis +rilebSi 5avdoT mcocara didi SveriliT win*
' davayenoT sagebi dazgis !uZeze# risTvisac SeviyvanoT sagebis tabi"i !uZis milisSi da
5amovacvaT mcocara dgiTamweze*
' davdoT dazga u"ana !exebze# 5amovacvaT tabi"ze "onusi da sayeluri# mivaxraxnoT
+an+i"i da dava+ilibyuroT*
davayenoT dazga !exebze# 5amovacvaT an5s sayeluri da 5avxraxnoT is dgiTamweSi*
' 5avayenoT owinari mom+eri an5is Tava"Si almiT mar$vniv.
9) mivuerTod dazgas generatori%
' davayenoT generatori sagebSi# wina xraxnze 5amovacvaT amortizatori da
davamagroT xraxnebiT (xraxnebis Tava"ebi ganvalagoT mar$vena mxridan)*
' davayenoT dazga u"ana !exebze# generatoris +rilSi 5avayenoT damcveli
amona+eriT 5axmaxisa"en*
' 5amovacvaT generatoris bolomze zambara da movabrunoT is manamde# sanam
masze arsebuli gamonaSveri ar SeuTavsdeba generatoris "orpusSi arsebul
amona%ebs*
' davdgaT dazga !exebze.
1/) mivuerTod lula dazgas%
' gamovi%oT %erZi u"ana po+o+i"idan*
' davdoT lula dazgaze u"ana po+o+i"is sagebis yunwSi SeyvaniT*
' 5avdoT %erZi po+o+i"is da yunwis naxvretebSi# 5amovacvaT %erZze $avSanmilis
sayure# zambarisebri sayeluri da mivaxraxnoT +an+i"i*
' avwioT lulis wina nawili zemoT da mivuerTod saStepselo gasarTavi*
' davuSvaT lulis wina nawili vemoT# ise rom SeuTavsdes lulis wina po+o+i"is da
Sida milis Tava"is naxvretebi*
' 5avdoT %erZi SeTavsebul naxvretebSi# 5amovacvaT %erZze zambarisebri sayeluri da
mivaxraxnoT +an+i"i.
11) yumbarsatyorcnis Semdgomi awyobisas vixelm*+vaneloT me"# muxlis
mixedviT.
Tavi III
yumbarsatyorcnis daniSnuleba, mowyobiloba, nawilebis,
me)anizmebis da misi gasrolebis mo)medeba. saTadarigo
detalebis, instrumentebis da sa&uTnos daniSnuleba.
yumbarsatyorcnis nawilebis, me)anizmebis daniSnuleba, mowyobiloba da
mo)medeba
12. yumbarsatyorcnis lulis (nax. 2) daniSnulebaa yumbarisaTvis !renis
mimarTulebis micema da gasrolos dros warmomnili gazebis gamodevna. is
9
warmoadgens gluv cilindruli !ormis mils# romlis "alibria 6. mm# agreTve
gama!arToebel saTavss da saxazino nawils.
nax. ! yumbarsatyorcnis lula sa"etiT)
a- xedi marcxnidan* b-xedi mar$vnidan* 1'lula* &'sa"eti* .'saSeni* 0'!aris u"ana
garsa"ri* 1'!ari* 2'u"ana po+o+i"i* 6'wina po+o+i"i* <'!aris wina garsa"ri* 9'-9
samiznis "ronSteini* 1/'-9 samiznis "ronSteini* 11'saxeluri* 1&'niSani*
1.'dengamtari sadenis mili* 10'mablo"irebeli mowyobiloba* 11-sa"ontato
mowyobiloba
lulaze ganlagebulia%
' saxelurebi na%msatyorcnis gadasatanad*
' niSani !uZiT*
' opti"uri samiznis da meani"uri samiznis Tamasas dasamagrebeli "ronSteini*
' memiznis damcavi !ari# romelic icavs memiznes lulis gacxelebis dros)
' gamomgdebi meanizmis zeda da veda ber"etebi da sabiZgelebi*
' eletrosasroli meanizmis sa"ontato da mablo"irebeli mowyobiloba da dengamtari
sadeni milSi.
lula wina da u"ana po+o+i"ebis saSualebiT# magrdeba dazgaze.
lulis wina nawilze gasamt"icebeli gvirgvinia# romelzec datanilia oTxi "awrula
samizne mowyobilobis Semowmebis dros $varedinas gasa"eTeblad.
lulis saxazino nawils (nax. 6) Signidan avs gana5arxi# datenvis dros gasrolis
:sirebisaTvis. u"ana mxridan es gana5arxi gadadis "onusur !ormaSi# romelSic Sedis
sa"etis rgoli.
lulis saxazino nawilis marcxena mxares ganTavsebulia "orZi budiT# romelSic Sedis
sa"etis yunwi. "orZSi ga"eTebulia) sa"etis %erZis naxvreti (zeda mxares avs
gana5arxi# romelSic vardeba %erZis sa5eri lulidan sa"etis moxsnis dros)* gamomgdebi
meanizmis ber"etebis %erZis naxvreti* patara diametris naxvreti sa"etis :satoris
"orpusis w"iris mosaTavseblad* grZivi cilindruli bude sa"etis :satoris "orpusisaTvis.
lulis saxazino nawilis zemoT ganTavsebulia sa"ontato mowyobilobis "orpusis
dasamagrebeli moedani* masSi aris ori naxvreti "ontatebisaTvis da gana+eri
:satorisTvis# romelsac u+iravs sa"ontato mowyobilobis "orpusi.
lulis saxazino nawilis mar$vena mxares aris ori sabrZolo sayrdeni# sadac
5a"etvisas Sedis soli da patara "orZi >mercxlis "udisebri? !ormis +riliT mablo"irebeli
mowyobilobis dasamagreblad.

10
nax. $. lulis saxazino nawili)
a-u"ana zeda xedi* b-xedi marcxena veda mxridan* 1- rgolisebri gana5arxi* &-
"onusuri gana5arxi* .-"orZi budiT sa"etis yunwisaTvis* 0-naxvreti sa"etis %erZisaTvis*
1- naxvreti sa"etis :satoris "orpusis w"irisaTvis* 2-naxvreti ber"etebis %erZisaTvis*
6-naxvreti "ontatebisaTvis* <-gana+eri :satorisaTvis* 9- sabrZolo sayrdenebi* 1/-
mablo"irebeli mowyobilobis dasamagrebeli "orZi* 11-sabiZgelas naxvreti* 1&-zeda
ber"eti* 1.-veda ber"eti* 10-sabiZgelebi* 11-veda ber"etis sa"etela* 12-sa"etis
:satori* 16- sa"etis :satoris "orpusi* 1<-sa"etis %erZi
lulis saxazinos nawilis zeda da veda nawilSi aris daxrili gam+oli naxvretebi
gamomgdebi meanizmis sabiZglebisaTvis.
lulis Sua nawilSi ganlagebulia) zemodan' moedani vemexis "vadrantis dasadebad#
ori "orZi -sebri !ormis +riliT(-9 da -9 yumbarsatyorcnebze) samiznis
-9 "ronSteinisaTvis# marcxnidan' ori "orZi -sebri !ormis +riliT -9 samiznis
"ronSteinisaTvis# vemodan' ori "orZi -sebri !ormis +riliT wina da u"ana
po+o+i"ebis dasamagreblad.
13. sa&eti (nax. <) emsaxureba lulis arxis 5a"etvas# uzrunvelyo!s yumbarsatorcnis
arau"ugorvas da gasrolis Semdeg dia!ragmis milTan erTad gamogdebas. sa"eti
Sedgeba 5am"eti meanizmis# saSenisa da gamomgdebi meanizmisagan.
(am&eti me)anizmi Sedgeba saxeluris# solis# saxeluris :satoris# zambariani
budurisa da garsa"arisagan.
saxeluris veda sibrtyeze aris cerobi# romelic urTierTmomedebs mablo"irebeli
mowyobilobis sabiZgelasTan. cerobiani +rili# romelic mdebareobs saxeluris torsis
marcxena mxares# a"avebs saxelurs :satorTan erTad da"etil mdgomareobaSi)
pirdapiri +rili "i a"avebs saxelurs :satorTan erTad gaxsnil mdgomareobaSi.
saxeluris cilindrul budeSi aris TiTebi# romlebic Sedis solis zeda nawilSi arsebul
xraxnul +rilebSi. solis Sua nawilSi aris ori amona+eri lulis sabrZolo sabr$enebis
gasavlelad.
saxeluris :satorze zemodan aris Sverili# romelic urTierTmomedebs 5am"eti
meanizmis saxelurTan sa"etis ga%ebis da da"etvis dros. :satori da bude
Sei"umSeba zambariT. bude Sedis garsa"ris naxvretSi.

11
nax. '. sa"eti da lulis saxazino nawili)
a-sa"eti gaxsnil mdgomareobaSi* b-sa"etis detalebi) 1-5am"eti meanizmis saxeluri*
&-saxeluri* .-soli* 0-saxeluris :satori* 1-bude zambariT* 2-garsa"ri* 6-cerobi* <-
mablo"irebeli mowyobilobis sabiZgela* 9-pirdapiri +rili* 1/-saSeni* 11-"orZi*
1&-gadamyvani* 1.-"vadratuli sar"meli solisaTvis* 10-naxvreti gana+eriT saxeluris
:satorisaTvis da zambariani budisaTvis* 11-yunwi* 12-zeda ber"eti* 16- veda
ber"eti* 1<- veda ber"etis sa"etela* 19-ber"etebis %erZi* &/- ber"etebis %erZis
:satori* &1- ber"etebis %erZis :satoris zambara* &&-w"iri* &.-sabiZgelebi* &0-
sa"etis %erZi* &1- sa"etis %erZis sa5eri* &2-sa5eris zambara* &6-w"iri* &<-sa"etis
sa5eris "orpusi* &9-sa"etis :satori* ./- sa"etis :satoris zambara* .1-w"iri* .&-
sa"etis torsi

sa)Sens mar$vena mxridan avs "orZebi gana+rebiT# sadac Sedis lulis sabrZolo
sabr$enebi sa"etis da"etil mdgomareobaSi. "orZze w"irebiT magrdeba gadamyvani.
"vadratul sar"melSi ganTavsdeba 5am"eti meanizmis soli# xolo gana+rian naxvretSi
' sa"etis saxeluris :satori da bude zambariT.
saSens marcxena mxridan avs yunwi sa"etis lulasTan SesaerTeblad.
gamomgdebi me)anizmi mdebareobs lulis saxazino nawilSi da Sedgeba) zeda
da veda mrudxazovani ber"etebis# ber"etebis %erZis da sabiZglebisagan. veda
ber"ets avs sa"etela xolo ber"etebis %erZs ' zambariani :satori.
14. sa&etis me)anizmebis muSaoba. sa"etis gaxsnisaTvis sa+iroa movabrunoT
5am"eti meanizmis saxeluri saaTis isris moZraobis mimarTulebiT. am dros saxeluris
cerobi Se"umSavs :sators# saxeluris TiTebi "i urTierTmomedebs solis xraxnisebur
+rilebTan# dauSvebs mas dabla# sanam ar SeuTavsdeba erTmaneTs solis amona+eri
da lulis sabrZolo sabr$enebi. saxeluris 9/@-iT Semotrialebis Semdeg is mieb$ineba
gadamsvlelis sibrtyes da saxeluris :satoris Sverili# zambaris zemomedebiT vardeba
saxeluris swor +rilSi. amis Semdeg sa"eti saxelurTan erTad Semobrundeba marcxniv
Tavisi %erZis garSemo (iwyeba sa"etis gaxsna).
mTlianad gaxsnis SemTxvevaSi# sa"etis torsi gamomgdebi meanizmis ber"etebis
mo"le mxrebze zemomedebis Sedegad#ASemoabrunebs maT# xolo ber"etis grZeli
mxrebi gadaadgilebs sabiZgelebs u"an# lulis saxazino nawilis daxril naxvretebSi.
saxelurze zemomedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg# sa"eti# sa"etis :satoris zambaris
zemomedebiT# gava cotaTi u"an# :satoris gorgola+i 5avardeba sa"etis
12
amona%ebSi da daa"avebs mas gaxsnil mdgomareobaSi. sabiZgelebs
yumbarsatyorcnis datenvisas# win gadaadgilebis saSualeba eZleva.
lulis arxis 5asa"etad sa+iroa movabrunoT saxeluri mar$vniv da win. saxelurTan erTad
mobrundeba sa"eti. lulis saxazino nawilTan sa"etis miaxloebisas saxeluris :satori#
lulis zeda sabrZolo sabr$enis nazolis zemomedebiT adis ma%la da Se"umSavs Tavis
zambaras. :satoris Sverili gamova saxeluris pirdapiri +rilidan# Semobrundeba
sa"etTan Se!ardebiT da dai"avebs wina u"idures mdgomareobas. amasTanave
saxeluris TiTebi urTierTmomedebs solis xraxnul +rilebTan# aswevs mas da soli Seva
lulis sabrZolo sabr$enebs iiT.
saxeluris cerobi da"etili sa"etisas# mablo"irebeli mowyobilobis sabiZgelas dauSvebs
vemoT da "etavs eletrowreds. saxeluris :satori zambaris zemomedebiT
5avardeba cerobian +rilSi da dai+ers saxelurs da"etil mdgomareobaSi.
1. ele)trosasroli me)anizmi (nax. 9) emsaxureba gasrolis warmoebas. is
Sedgeba generatoris# milSi moTavsebuli dengamtari sadenis# mablo"irebeli da
sa"ontato mowyobilobisagan.
generatoris (nax. 1/) daniSnulebaa denTis muxtis asaaleblad sa+iro
eletroimpulsis gamomuSaveba. is warmoadgens "orpuss xu:T. "orpusSi
5amontaBebulia indutori# sasxleti meanizmi# damcveli da saStepselo gasarTavis
xundi.
nax. #. eletrosasroli meanizmi)
1-generatori* &- saStepselo gasarTavi* .-$avSanmili* 0-sayure* 1-mila"i* 2-
mablo"irebeli mowyobiloba* 6-sa"ontato mowyobiloba* <-"ontatebi* 9-saxeluri* 1/-
sasxleti* 11-zambara* 1&-damcveli* 1.-yunwi* 10-xraxnebi* 11-amortizatori* 12-
+an+i"ebi
generatori mierTebulia dazgaze yunwebis meSveobiT da damagrebulia xraxnebiT da
+an+i"ebiT.
indutori awyobilia generatoris "orpusSi da avs "o+a# ori magniti# %uza mxreuliT
da zambariani ber"eti. magnitebi mdebareobs zeda da veda buni"ebs Soris da
erTnairi polusebiT mimarTulia veda buni"isa"en.
sasxleti meanizmis daniSnulebaa vars"lavas sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi Seyeneba
da misi sabrZolo mdgomareobidan daSveba. mas avs saxeluri# sasxleti da
generatoris "orpusis xu:s Sigana mxridan zambariani ber"eti# vars"vlava#
mimmarTveli %ero da Semnelebeli.
damcveli icavs SemTxveviTi gasrolisagan im dros# roca sasxleti Seyenebulia.
meanizmi mdebareobs generatoris "orpusis vemoT da avs zambara sa"etiT.
saStepselo gasarTavis xundi mdebareobs generatoris "orpusis u"ana mxares. mas
uerTdeba dengamtari sadenis 5angali. dengamtari sadeni 9da$avSnulia da
13
moTavsebulia damcav milSi. $avSanmilSi gatarebulia gvarli# romelic icavs sadens
gawyvetisagan da imavdrolad aris sadeni# romelzec saindi"atoro "o+is erT-erTi boloa
mierTebuli da gamodis yumbarsatyorcnis masaze.
nax. 1.. generatori)
1-magnitebi* &-veda buni"i* .-zeda buni"i* 0-mxreuli* 1-%erZi* 2-%uza* 6-w"ri* <-
"o+a* 9-"orpusi* 1/-zambara* 11-w"iri* 1&-sa"eti* 1.-ber"eti* 10-damcveli* 11-
zambara* 12-mimmarTveli %ero* 16-ber"etis zambara* 1<- milisi* 19-vars"lava* &/-
ber"eti* &1-zambara* &&-Semneleblis zambara* &.- mimmarTveli %ero* &0-xraxni* &1-
saStepselo gasarTavis xundi
mablo&irebeli mowyobiloba (nax. 11) ar iZleva saSualebas moxdes gasrola
sa"etis arasrulad da"etvis dros. is ganTavsebulia lulis saxazino nawilis mar$vena
mxares da avs "orpusi# xu:# :satori# izoliatori# zambariani sabiZgela da sa"ontato
:r:tebi. sa"etis mTlianad da"etvis dros# 5am"eti meanizmis saxeluris cerobi
gadaadgilebs sabiZgelebs vemoT. am dros Sei"vreba eletrowredi generatori '
sa"ontato mowyobiloba.
sa&onta)to mowyobilobis (nax. 1&) daniSnulebaa eletro impulsis gadacema
denTis muxtis eletro !aliaze. is mdebareobs lulis saxazino nawilis zemoT da avs
"orpusi xu:T# ori zambariani ber"eti# ori "ontati (ganTavsebulia lulis saxazino nawilis
naxvretebSi) da ori zambarebiani %ila"i. ber"etebi magrdeba %erZze da maTze
mir5ilulia eletrogamtari sadenis ormagi boloebi. ber"etebi da maTi zambarebi
izolirebulia sa"ontato mowyobilobis "orpusisagan# xolo "ontatebi ' lulis saxazino
nawilisagan (gaZlierebuli saimedoobisaTvis "ontati ori calia).
daumuxtav yumbarsatyorcnze "ontatebi# ber"etebis meSveobiT# zambarebiTaa
win 5aweuli "orpusSi. ber"etebis vemoT moZraobis Sesaz%udad# dayenebulia ori
w"iri. Tu raime mizezis gamo erT-erTi "ontati ar aris# maSin ber"eti zambaris
zemomedebiT mieb$ineba w"irs. am dros yumbarsatyorcnis masaze i"vreba
eletrowredi# rac xels uSlis gasrolas.

14
nax. 11. mablo"irebeli mowyobiloba) nax. 12. sa"ontato mowyobiloba)
1-xu:* &-:satori* .-izoliatori* 1-"orpusi* &-xu:* .-:satori* 0-marcxena
0-sabiZgela* 1-zambara ber"eti* 1-mar$vena ber"eti* 2-ber"etebis
%erZi* 6-"ontatebi* <-%ila"i*
9-$avSanmili* 1/-sadeni
1!. ele)trosasroli me)anizmis muSaoba.
gasrolis win eletrosasroli meanizmis SeyenebisTvis# saxeluri gadaiweva vemoT
bolomde. am dros sasxleti meanizmis ber"eti Se"umSavs zambaras da dadgeba
sabrZolo SeyenebiT Semnelebelze. sasxletze da+eriT Semnelebeli aiweva da
gaTavisu;ebuli ber"eti zambaris zemomedebiT Semobrundeba# mimmarTveli %ero
zemomedebas axdens ber"etis cilindrul gamonaSverze. ber"etTan erTad brunavs
vars"vlava da erTi "biliT momedebs %uzis mxreulis ber"etze# riTac Se"umSavs
zambaras.
Se"umSuli mxreulis ber"etis zambara gadalaxavs magnituri mizidulobis Zalas#
romelsac u+iravs %uza. amis Semdeg xdeba %uzis gadaadgileba polusebis meore
wyvilis"en. am dros magnituri na"adi# romelic gaivlis %uzas# gada"veTs "o+is
xveulebs da warmomnis masSi eletromamoZravebel Zalas. sa"etis mTlianad
da"etvis dros# eletruli deni eletro sadenebisa da mablo"irebeli mowyobilobis
5a"etili :r:tovani "ontatebis gavliT# miewodeba sa"ontato mowyobilobas.
1$. samizne mowyobilobis daniSnulebaa yumbarsatyorcnis mizanSi damizneba. is
Sedgeba opti"uri samiznis -9 ganaTebis sistemis* %ia meani"uri samiznisa da
eletronul-opti"uri -9 samiznisagan(-9 da -9
yumbarsatyorcnebze).
1'. opti&uri samiznis "# (yumbarsatyorcnis samizne opti"uri "ombinirebuli)
daniSnulebaa "umulaciuri da msxvrevadi yumbarebiT pirdapiri damiznebiT srola#
agreTve msxvrevadi yumbarebiT gancal"evebuli damiznebiT srola. garda amisa#
samizne emsaxureba brZolis velis TvalTvals# Corizontalur da verti"alur sibrtyeebSi
"uTxeebis gazomvas# miznamde manZilis gansaz%vras da cecxlis "oretirebas. is
magrdeba "ronSteinis >mercxlis "udisebri? !ormis +rilSi da 5erdeba xraxnuli
mom+eriT.
15
opti"uri samizne -9(nax. 1.) warmoadgens yumbarsatyorcnis ZiriTad
samiznes (opti"uri samiznis monacemebi mocemulia danarT 7&-Si). is Sedgeba ori
erTmaneTTan SeerTebuli samiznisagan) pirdapiri da gancal"evebuli damiznebis
samizneebisagan.
nax. 13. samizne -9)
a-pirdapiri damiznebis samizne* b- gancal"evebuli damiznebis samizne* 1-"orpusi*
&-samiznis Semowmebis da temperaturuli Sesworebebis meanizmi* .-ganivi barbaca
meanizmi* 0-badeebis gadamrTavi "vanZi* 1-viziri* 2-"uTxemzomebis meanizmi* 6-
ganivi Tarazo* <-mimmarTveli* 9-damiznebis "uTxeebis meanizmi* 1/-
gverdiTi Tarazo* 11-saSubluri* 1&-Tvalsa!ari
1#. pirdapiri damiznebis samizne (nax. 10) warmoadgens opti"ur vizirs prizmuli
sistemiT da ori gadamrTavi badiT# romlebic rigrigobiT idgmeba obietivis sibrtyeze.
samizne Sedgeba) "orpusis# opti"uri sistemis# samiznis Semowmebis da temperaturuli
Sesworebebis meanizmis# ganivi barbaca meanizmis da badeebis gadamrTavi
"vanZisagan.
&orpusi emsaxureba samiznis yvela nawilis SeerTebas. vemoT "orpuss avs
Tamasa samiznis "orpusze misaerTeblad.
16
nax. 14. pirdapiri damiznebis samizne (+rilSi))
1-"orpusi* &-damcavi mina* .-xu:* 0-obietivi* 1-obietivis 5ar5o* 2-xraxni*
6-mnevara("viristavi)* <-dgiTamwe* 9-+iaxraxni* 1/- mnevara("viristavi)* 11-
o"ulari* 1&-"ronSteini* 1.- o"ularis linzebi* 10-bade* 11-Tamasa
opti&uri sistemis Semadgeneli nawilebia) damcavi mina# romelic icavs samiznes
mtvrisa da sinestisagan* orlinziani obietivi# romelic sa+iroa obietis (miznis)
gamosaxulebis misa%ebad* linzebis sistema# obietis (miznis) gamosaxulebis
gadasatrialeblad* ori bade* xuTlinziani o"ulari obietis (miznis) gamosaxulebis
dasaTvaliereblad da Su:ltri.
damcavi mina magrdeba zeganze mom+eri rgoliT# romelzec 5amocmulia rezinis
xu: +u+yisa da dazianebisagan dasacavad.
obietivi moTavsebulia 5ar5oSi# romlis gadaadgilebac SesaZlebelia verti"alur da
Corizontalur sibrtyeebSi samiznis gasasworebeli meanizmiT.
samiznis bade (nax. 11)"ronSteinze 5ar5oTia damagrebuli. yovel badeze datanilia
damiznebis "uTxeebis# gverdiTi Sesworebebisa da manZilis gasazomi s"alebi. s"alebis
vemoT datanilia warwerebi /0 ("umulaciuri) da /0 (msxvrevadi).
/0 ("umulaciuri) badis s"alis danayo!ebi a%niSnulia ci!rebiT 2# <# 1/ da 1&#
romlebic Seesabameba srolis manZilebs aseul metrebSi (2//# <//# 1/// da 1&// m)
/0 (msxvrevadi) badis s"alis danayo!ebi a%niSnulia ci!rebiT &# 0# 2# <# 1/ da 1&#
romlebic Seesabameba srolis manZilebs aseul metrebSi (&//# 0//# 2//# <//# 1/// da
1&// m)
badis "uTxovanebs da "awrulebs moxerxerxulobisaTvis uwodeben samizne
mar"ebs# centralur svetSi ' centralur mar"ebs# xolo centraluri svetidan mar$vniv da
marcxniv ' gverdiTa samizne mar"ebs.
gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"alebis danayo!ebi datanilia /-/1-iT centraluri svetidan
mar$vniv da marcxniv. gverdiTi Sesworebis s"alis ci!rebi 1/ da &/ aTaseuliT datanilia
s"alis veda mar$vena nawilSi. "awrulebis sima%lis "uTxuri sidide tolia /-/1-sa. "orisa
da gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"ala# Sesabamisad <// m >? ("umulaciuri) badeze da
0// m >? (msxvrevadi) badeze manZilebze damiznebis gasaioleblad gamoyo:lia
(s"alaze centralur svetSi na5venebia didi zomiT# xolo gverdiTi gadaxris s"alas avs
"uTxovani da verti"aluri "awrulebis Tanmimdevruli saxe).
17
nax. 1. pirdapiri damiznebis samiznis badeebi)
a-"umulaciuri yumbaris srolis bade* b- msxvrevadi yumbaris srolis bade
mizanSi damizneba warmoebs "uTxovanas wveros meSveobiT ("awruliT)
Sesabamisi manZilisa da gverdiTi gadaxrisaTvis.
s"alis zemoT moTavsebulia niSani > 3 ? samiznis nulovani xazis Sesamowmeblad.
centraluri svetis "uTxovanas veS aris verti"aluri xazi# romelic aadvilebs
yumbarsatyorcnis gasworebas# im SemTxvevaSi# Tu mas avs gverdiTi gadaxra.
>? ("umulaciuri) badis manZilsazomi s"ala gaTvlilia &#6 m sima%lis
miznisaTvis# romelic na5venebia Corizontaluri xazis vemoT. puntiruli xazis zemodan
datanilia s"ala danayo!ebiT# romelTa Soris manZili Seesabameba manZilis cvlilebas
miznamde 1// metriT. s"alis ci!rebi 2# <# 1/# 1& Seesabameba manZilebs 2//# <//#
1/// da 1&// metrs.
>? (msxvrevadi) badis manZilsazomi s"ala gaTvlilia 1#6 m sima%lis miznisTvis#
s"alis ci!rebi 0# 2# <# 1/# 1& Seesabameba manZilebs 0//# 2//# <//# 1///# 1&//
metrs.
%amiT samiznis badis ganaTeba xdeba ganaTebis sistemis eletronaTuriT# veda
damcavi SuSis gavliT.
o"uliari 5ar5oTi 5axraxnilia samiznis "orpusSi.
Su:ltri 5ar5oTi idgmeba o"uliaris mom+er rgolSi. yumbarsatyorcnis sa"uTnoSi
%ia-narin$is!eri da neitraluri Su:ltrebia.
damiznebis moxerxebulobisaTvis o"ularis milyelze damagrebulia rezinis Tvalsa!ari#
"ronSteinze "i ' saSubluri.
samiznis Semowmebis da temperaturuli Sesworebebis me)anizmi
emsaxureba damiznebis nulovani xazis da lulis %erZis SeTavsebis uzrunvelyo!as da
damiznebis "uTxeebSi Sesworebebis Setanas# romelic damo"idebulia garemo
temperaturaze. mas avs dgiTamwe# romelSic moTavsebulia obietivi 5ar5oTi da
mnevara("viristavi) myarad damagrebuli samiznis verti"aluri gasworebis xraxnze.
samowmebeli xraxnebis trialisas# dgiTamwe gadaadgildeba verti"aluri da Corizontaluri
mimarTulebiT. mnevaraze("viristavi) datanilia niSnebi) > 3 ? ' temperaturuli
intervalisaTvis 31/ dan 31/@ -mde# >/? ' intervalisaTvis 31/ dan '1/@ -
mde da > ' ? intervalisaTvis '1/ dan '0/@ -mde. temperaturuli Sesworebebis
Sesayvanad mnevara("viristavi) dayenebuli unda iyos iseT mdgomareobaSi# rom
Sesabamisi niSani (>3? >/? >'?) SeuTavsdes "orpusis "awruls. am dros dgiTamwe
gadaadgildeba verti"alur mdgomareobaSi da Sesabamisad cvlis damiznebis "uTxes.
ganivi barbaca me)anizmis daniSnulebaa yumbarsatyorcnis gverdiTi gadaxris
gaTvaliswineba. is mdebareobs samiznis "orpusSi da avs +iaxraxnuli setori#
18
+iaxraxni da mnevara("viristavi). +iaxraxnuli setori modebaSia +iaxraxnTan#
romelic mnevaras("viristavi) meSveobiT brunavs. mnevaras("viristavi) brunvisas
+iaxraxni mogoravs setorze# moabrunebs "orpuss# romelzec damagrebulia
gancal"evebuli damiznebis samizne# amiT igi uzrunvelyo!s ganiv barbacss.
badis gadamrTveli &van*is daniSnulebaa samiznis xedvis areSi 5arTos badeebi
>? ("umulaciuri)? an >? (msxvrevadi)? (imisda mixedviT# Tu romeli tipis
gasrolebiT warmoebs cecxli). mas avs "ronSteini# s"ala da mnevara("viristavi).
badis samuSao mdgomareobaSi :saciisaTvis# arsebobs burTulovani :satori.
badis dayeneba sa+iro mdgomareobaSi xdeba mnevaras("viristavi) mobrunebiT#
romelzec datanilia gravireba >? ("umulaciuri)? da >? (msxvrevadi)?.
2.. gancal&evebuli damiznebis samizne (nax. 12) warmoadgens opti"ur muxla
vizirs "uTxemzomi meanizmiT# damiznebis "uTxeebiT da gverdiTi TarazoTi. is
magrdeba ganivi barbaca meanizmis "orpusis %erZze.
viziri Sedgeba "orpusisagan# romelSic damontaBebulia opti"uri sistemis detalebi. is
mdebareobs "uTxsazomis +iaxraxnul borbalze da brunavs masTan erTad.
nax. 1!. gancal"evebuli damiznebis samizne (+rilSi))
1-"orpusi* &-obietivi* .-obietivis 5ar5o* 0-prizma* 1-bade* 2-damcavi SuSa* 6-
o"ularis 5ar5o* <-Tvalsa!ari* 9-o"ularis linzebi* 1/-gverdiTi Tarazo* 11-indesi* 1&-
distanciuri s"ala* 1.-+iaxraxni* 10-s"ala
"orpuss marcxena mxridan avs uxeSi damiznebis niSani da samiznebeli. viziri
SeiZleba vatrialoT verti"alur sibrtyeSi DD&/@-iT da magrdeba sa+iro mdgomareobaSi
saxeluriT.
viziris o"ularul nawilze magrdeba Tvalsa!ari.
samiznis opti"uri sistema Sedgeba damcavi SuSisa# obietivis# prizmis# badisa da
o"ularisagan.
19
&uTxemzomis me)anizmi emsaxureba Corizontalur sibrtyeSi "uTxeebis
dayenebas. is mdebareobs "orpusSi da avs +iaxraxnuli borbali# %erZi da +iaxraxni.
+iaxraxnis +iaxraxnuli borblis modebidan gamosayvanad# arsebobs saxeluri.
+iaxraxnze damagrebulia mnevara("viristavi) da s"ala# romelzec datanilia
danayo!ebi. danayo:s sidide /-/1-is tolia. sul s"alaze 1// danayo:a. +iaxraxnuli
borbalze damagrebulia s"ala# romelsac avs 2/ Tanabari danayo:# TiToeuli danayo:s
!asia 1-//. +iaxraxnuli borblis s"alis erTi danayo: Seesabameba +iaxraxnis s"alis
1// danayo!s# an mis erT mTlian bruns.
damiznebis &uTxeebis me)anizmi emsaxureba samizneze damiznebis "uTxeebis
dayenebas. is mdebareobs "orpusSi da Sedgeba +iaxraxnuli setoris# +iaxraxnis#
distanciuri s"alisa da anaTvalis indesisagan.
distanciuri s"alas avs "awrulebi# romlebzec datanilia ci!rebi 1// m-is 5venebiT da
Seesabameba srolis manZilebs. danayo:s sidide Seesabameba 1/ metrs. damiznebis
"uTxeebis mniSvneloba gaTvlilia 311@ -Tvis.
gverdiTi Tarazos me)anizmi gan"uTvnilia miznis adgilis "uTxeebis dasayeneblad.
is mdebareobs "orpusSi da Sedgeba +iaxraxnis# +iaxraxnuli borbalis#
mnevaras("viristavi)# gverdiTi Tarazosa da ori s"alisagan. +iaxraxnze damagrebul
s"alas avs 1// Tanabari danayo:. danayo:s !asia /-/1. "orpusze damagrebul s"alas
avs sami danayo: (&9# ./# .1)# danayo:s !asia 1-//# ci!ri ./ Seesabameba gverdiTi
Tarazos nulovan dayenebas. grZivi da gverdiTi Tarazoebi Sedgeba 5ar5oiani ampulis#
rgolisa da +an+i"isagan.
21. ganaTebis sistema emsaxureba badis# s"alebis da samiznis Tarazoebis
ganaTebas srolis dros Sebindebisas da %amiT. is Sedgeba "orpusis# sa"umulatoro
batareis# ori mi"ro5amrTvelisa da naTuris ori masrisagan.
tutovani saa"umulatoro batareaa ' &-& & amper8saaTi moculobiT.
"orpusi a"umulatoriT mdebareobs meani"uri samiznis "ronSteinze# romelsac avs
>mercxlis "udisebri? Sverili da 5erdeba zambariani :satoriT.
samiznes individualuri sa"uTvnos saxiT mie"uTvneba) saTadarigo saa"umulatoro
batarea &-&* aTi cali eletronaTura# ori Su:ltri# Tarazo 5ar5oSi# ori xu:# ganaTebis
sistema# SaliTa# sa5rdili# gasa%ebi# gasa%ebi-saxraxnisi# saxraxnisi da xelsaxoci.
samizne ganaTebis sistemiT da sa"uTvnoTi mdebareobs budis Sesabamis
ganyo:lebebSi. (nax. 16). samiznis budeSi 5adebamde sa+iroa nulovani
dayenebebis dayeneba# viziris wina mdgomareobaSi dayeneba da damagreba#
gverdiTi Tarazos meanizmis "awrulebis SeTavseba. rezinis xu:s 5amocma samiznis
Semaval naxvretze.
20
nax. 1$. samizne -9-is da misi sa"uTnos 5awyoba budeSi
22. me)ani&uri samizne (nax. 1<) Sedgeba niSnisa da samizne Tamasis
5ar5i"isagan. niSans avs gadasagdebi !uZe :satoriT# misi sabrZolo (%ia) da
salaSro (da"etil) mdgomareobaSi gasa5ereblad. masSi 5axraxnilia sadebi saniSniT.
saniSnis regulireba sima%leSi xdeba misi sadebSi 5axraxvniT an iedan amoxraxniT#
xolo gverdiTi mimarTulebiT' msubui dartymebis Sedegad sadebis gadaadgilebiT
samizne Tamasa mdebareobs xundze# romelic w"iriT magrdeba "ronSteinze.
samizne Tamasa xundTan erTad SeiZleba w"irze Semobrundes da zambariT ga5erdes
samuSao mdgomareobaSi. samiznis Tamasaze ganTavsebulia 5ar5i"o sa"eteliT.
samiznis Tamasis mar$vena da marcxena mxares datanilia danayo!ebi ricxvebiT 0# 2#
<# 9# 1/# 11# 1&# 1.# Sesabamisi manZilebisaTvis 0//# 2//# <//# 9//# 1///# 11//#
1&//# 1.// metri.
xundze datanilia "awrulebi niSnebiT >/?# >3? da >'? meani"ur samiznis
temperaturuli Sesworebis Sesatanad) '1/ dan '0/@ -mde niSani >'?# 31/ dan 31/@
-mde niSani >3?# xolo 31/ dan '1/@@-mde "awrula unda SevuTavsoT >/? niSans.
mini+ebul mdgomareobaSi samiznis Tamasas i+ers zambariani :satori. Tamasis
gadaadgilebisaTvis temperaturuli Sesworebis Sesatanad# :satori 5aiZireba
gamomgdebiT.
21
nax. 1'. meani"uri samizne)
a-niSani !uZiT* b-"ronSteini samizne TamasiT* 1-niSani* &-!uZe* .-sadebi* 0- samizne
Tamasa* 1-xundi* 2-mom+eri xraxni* 6-"ronSteini* <- sa"etela* 9-calu%i
23. ele)tronul1opti&uri samizne "#2yumbarsatyorcnis +amis samizne3
(nax. 19) gamoiyeneba %amis pirobebSi brZolis velis TvalTvalisa da damiznebuli
cecxlis uzrunvelsayo!ad.
nax. 1#. samizne -9*
1-"orpusi* &- gasworebis meanizmi* .- samizne s"alis si"aS"aSis saregulirebeli
mnevara("viristavi)* 0- samiznis eletrom"vebavis tumbleri* 1-Su:ltrebis
gadamrTveli saxeluri* 2-Tvalsa!ari* 6- SemaerTebeli sadeni rozetiT* <-saSrobi vazna* 9-
dacvis 5amrTveli mi"rotumbleri* 1/-xu:-dia!ragma
samiznidan xedvis manZili damo"idebulia %amis bunebriv ganaTebaze# Caeris
gam+virvaleobaze# miznis "ontrastze adgilmdebareobis !onTan SedarebiT.
%amis bunebriv /#//1 l ganaTebis da Caeris "argi gam+virvaleobis dros# samizne
uzrunvelyo!s tan"ebis# $tr da sxva miznebis <// m-de xedvas.
22
u!ro ma%ali ganaTebisas# an Tu mizani 5ans naTel !onze (Tovli# viSa da a.S) xedvis
manZili izrdeba.
samizneSi xedvis manZili mcirdeba (samar$vis monacemebi moyvanilia me-&
danarTSi) u!ro dabali ganaTebisa da atmos!eros cudi gam+virvaleobis SemTxvevaSi#
agreTve Tu mizani 5ans bnel !onze (wiwovani tye# naxnavi da a.S)
samizne "#(nax. &/) Sedgeba samiznis "orpusis# obietivis# eletronul-opti"ur
gardammnelis(eog)# o"ularis# ma%ali Zabvis gardammnelis# gasworebis
meanizmis# Su:ltrebis meanizmis# samiznis badis# damcveli meanizmis
(mablo"irebeli)# romelic icavs samiznes si"aS"aSisa da saa"umulatoro batareisagan.
nax. 2.. samizne -9 (+rilSi))
1-sa"etela* &-"orpusi* .-xu:* 0-saSrobela* 1-eletronul-opti"ur gardammneli* 2-
Zabvis gamyo:* 6-o"ularis linzebi* <-Tvalsa!ari* 9-gamamravlebeli blo"i* 1/-
Su:ltrebis meanizmi* 11-prizma* 1&-obietivis linzebi* 1.-Zabvis dabalvoltiani
gardammneli
samiznis &orpusis daniSnulebaa samiznis yvela nawilebisa da meanizmebis
awyoba da maTi damagreba yumbarsatyorcnis "ronSteinze. "orpusi Sedgeba sami
nawilisagan) obietivis "orpusi# Suali da eletronul-opti"ur gardammnelis gamyo: da
gamamravlebeli blo"is "orpusi.
"orpusze zemodan damagrebulia gasworebis meanizmi# s"alis si"aS"aSis
maregulirebeli mnevara("viristavi)# Su:ltrebis gadamrTveli saxeluri.
"orpuss gverdidan avs ori "olo:. marcxena "olo!Si ganTavsebulia) dabali Zabvis
gardammneli# eletronul-opti"uri gardammnelis damcavi eletromagnitis
mi"rotumbleri* s"alis si"aS"aSis saregulirebeli potenciometri mnevaraTi# mTlianad
samiznis eletro"vebis 5amrTveli mi"rotumbleri da SemaerTebeli eletro sadenis
5angali. mar$vena "olo!Si ganTavsebulia saa"umulatoro batarea da xundi "ontatebiT
saa"umulatoro batareis SesaerTeblad.
obie)tivi 2nax. &1) Sedgeba xuTi linzisa da ori cal"euli blo"isagan. wina blo"i
Sedgeba sami# xolo u"ana blo"i ori linzisagan.
+u+yisgan da meani"uri dazianebebisgan dacvis mizniT# obietivi arasamuSao
dros ixureba xu!-dia!ragmiT.
23
nax. 21. eletronul-opti"uri sistema)
1-Su:ltrebi* &-obietivis linzebi* .-damcavi SuSa* 0-bade* 1-proeciuli sistemis
linzebi* 2-linzebi* 6-eletronul-opti"uri gardammneli* <-o"ularis linzebi
samiznis d%isiT da bindSi gasworebis dros# gamosaxulebis sim"veTre regulirdeba
liTonis dis"oTi# romelsac avs ori naxvreti. dis"osa da xu:s naxvretebis SeTavsebisas#
dia!ragma gaixsneba mTlianad.
ele)tronul"opti&uri gardam)mnelis (nax.&&) daniSnulebaa dasa"viri sagnis
(miznis) gamosaxulebis si"aS"aSis gaZliereba# !oto"aTodze obietivisgan Semnili
gamosaxulebis Semobruneba da e"ranze misi gamosaxva.
nax. 22. eletronul-opti"uri gardammneli)
1- mravalxvreliani !oto"aTodi* &-ma!o"usirebelveSa Zabvis Seyvaniloba* .-dia!ragma*
0- SuSis "onusi* 1-ma%ali Zabvis Seyvaniloba* 2-e"rani* 6-stibiumis-ceziumiani
!oto"aTodi* <- ma!o"usirebelveSa eletrodi
samiznes'-9 avs or"as"adiani eletronul-opti"uri gardammneli# romelic
awyobilia SuSis balonSi# sadac ma%ali va"uumia. balonis %ru dayo:lia sam sa"nad.
yoveli sa"ani warmoadgens erTsa"nian eletronul-opti"ur gardammnels# romelic
Sedgeba mravaltutiani (stibiumis-ceziumiani) "aTodis# ma!o"usirebeli mowyobilobisa
da e"ranisagan.
eletronul-opti"uri gardammnelis muSaobis uzrunvelsayo!ad ma!o"usirebel
mowyobilobaze da e"ranze ma%ali Zabvidan miewodeba) pirvel sa"anSi 1/ "v. Zabva
Semsvlel !oti"aTodTan !ardobiT# meore sa"anSi 3&0 "v# mesameSi "i 3.< "v.
yoveli sa"nis ma!o"usirebeli eletrodebze Seir5eva Zabva ' 1&/ v-dan 3 1&/ v-
mde# raTa mivi%oT samiznis masimaluri amoxsnadobis SesaZlebloba.
o&ulari emsaxureba eletronul-opti"uri gardammnelis gamomsvlel e"ranze
gamosaxulebis gazrdas da Sedgeba oTxi linzisagan# romlebic 5ar5oSi mom+eri
rgoliT magrdeba. ma+ali *abvis gardam)mneli gan&uTvnilia saa"umulatoro
batareis mudmivi denis# ma%ali Zabvis mudmiv denad gardamnisa da eletronul-
opti"uri gardammnelis "vebisaTvis. is Sedgeba dabali Zabvis gardammnelis# Zabvis
mamravleblis da gamyo: blo"isagan.
24
dabali Zabvis gardammnelis daniSnulebaa mudmivi dabali Zabvis (1 v) denis
ma%ali Zabvis 6-<"v cvlad denad gardamna.
mamravlebli blo"is daniSnulebaa dabali Zabvis gardammnelSi mi%ebuli cvladi
denis gamarTva da gamravleba mudmiv .< "v Zabvad.
Zabvis gamyo: axorcielebs sa+iro Zabvis miwodebas eletronul-opti"uri
gardammnelis yovel "ameraSi da ma!o"usirebelveSa eletrodebze.
gasworebis me)anizmi sa+iroa samiznis mxedvelobis areSi badis proetirebis#
temperaturis cvlilebebis Seyvanis da samiznis sima%lisa da gverdiTa mimarTulebiT
gasasworeblad.
sima%lisa da gverdiTa mimarTulebis gasworeba xorcieldeba gasasworebeli
xraxnebis meSveobiT# xolo temperaturis cvlilebebis Seyvana xdeba doluris
daxmarebiT.
doluraze datanebulia niSnebi) >3E ' 31/-dan 30/
/
5 temperaturis intervalisTvis#
>/E ' 31/-dan '1/
/
5-mde

da >'E '1/(dan '0/
/
5-mde.
sinaTlis ,ltrebis me)anizmi sa+iroa miznis gamosaxulebis masimaluri
"ontrastis misa%ebad da %amis sxvadasxva ganaTebis pirobebSi samiznis muSaobis
SesaZleblobis asama%leblad.
sinaTlis :ltri "1' gamoiyeneba samiznis gamosaxulebis "ontrastis
asama%leblad susti burusis da "vamlis dros* sinaTlis :ltri "1$'%amis gaZlierebuli
ganaTebis dros* sinaTlis :ltri "' ' Sebindebisas da mTvariani %amis pirobebSi.
SuSis :r:ta "1.' gamoiyeneba bnel %ameSi samiznesTan muSaobis dros (sinaTlis
:ltris gareSe).
samiznis bade 2nax. &.) sa+iroa adgilobriv sagnebamde da miznebamde
damiznebisa da manZilis gansaz%vrisaTvis.
nax. 23. samizne -9-is bade
bades gaa5nia "uTxeebis damiznebis da gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"ala. ricxvebi
damiznebis "uTxovanebis pirdapir a%niSnaven damiznebis manZils aseulobiT metrSi.
gverdiTa Sesworebis s"alis danayo:s !asia /-/1.
s"alis zemoT aris niSani >3E# romelic sa+iroa damiznebis nulovani xazis
Sesamowmeblad.
samiznis gaSu)ebisgan damcavi me)anizmi gan"uTvnilia Suis gare
wyaroebisa da sa"uTari yumbarsatyorcnidan gasrolis alisgan eletro-opti"uri samiznis
(eos) dasacavad. igi Sedgeba "orpusisagan* sabiZgelasagan# romelic saxsrulad
SeerTebulia 5axmaxTan# izolatoris ori "ontaturi :r:tisagan# romlebic mo+erilia
zambariseburi Semz%udvelebiT* xu:s* zambarisveSa :satorisa da 5anglisgan#
romelsac uerTdeba samiznis SemaerTebeli sadenis Tavisu!ali bolo da rozeti.
gaSuebisagan dacva xorcieldeba damcavi meanizmiT avtomaturad generatoris
5axmaxze da+erisas# an samizneze mi"rotumbleris 5arTvisas.
dacvis gamosarTavad sa+iroa 5axmaxis xeliT gadaweva u"idures u"ana
mdgomareobaSi. dacvis gamorTva unda moxdes gasrolidan 1 ( 1#1 wamSi# Tu
yumbarsatyorcnis win ar aris Suis m"veTri wyaroebi.
saa&umulatoro batarea warmoadgens Zabvis ma%alvoltiani gardammnelis#
blo"irebis meanizmisa da badis gasanaTebeli naTuris "vebis wyaros.
25
saa"umulatoro batarea warmoadgens Tanmimdevrulad mierTebul or a"umulators
' 2"2.
24. dazga (nax. &0) emsaxureba yumbarmtyorcnis lulisTvis aucilebeli damiznebis
"uTxeebis da sxvadasxva cecxlis xazis sima%leebis micemas.
dazga Sedgeba sagebisagan verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmiT# !uZisagan
Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmiT# wina !exisa da u"ana !exebis blo"isgan.
nax. 24. dazga)
1-veSagebi* &-naxvreti generatoris dasamagreblad* .-"avi* 0-u"ana !exebis
mom+eri blo"is saxeluri* 1-marcxena !exis mom+eris saxeluri* 2-marcxena !exi* 6-
mar$vena !exi* <-!uZe* 9-Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmis mnevara("viristavi)*
1/-verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmis mnevara("viristavi)* 11-wina !exi* 1&- wina
!exis mom+eris saxeluri* 1.-owinari mom+eriT* 10- verti"aluri damiznebis
meanizmis Sigana mili* 11- wina !exis Sigana mili
sagebi verti&aluri damiznebis me)anizmiT emsaxureba dazgaze lulis
damagrebas da lulisTvis ama%lebis "uTxeebis micemas.Fsagebze magrdeba
eletrosasroli meanizmis generatori.
sagebi warmoadgens Sedu%ebul "onstrucias. mas wina mxares# vemodan
midu%ebuli avs sa!eni# romlis +rilebSi idgmeba Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmis
mcocara. "avze %erZiT mimagrebulia verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmi. u"nidan
sagebze midu%ebulia tabi"i# romlis meSveobiTac sagebi da lulis dasamagrebeli
sagebis naxvretebiani saxeluri uerTdeba dazgis !uZes. sagebze mar$vena da
marcxena mxares aris generatoris dasamagrebeli ori naxvreti.
dazgasTan lulis mierTeba xorcieldeba or wertilSi %erZebis meSveobiT) wina mxares
( verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmis Sida milTan da u"ana mxares ( sagebis "avTan.
verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmi Sedgeba "orpusis# xraxnis# Sida milisa da
mnevarasagan("viristavi). "orpusi %erZis meSveobiT da"avSirebulia sagebTan# xolo
Sida mili da"avSirebulia lulasTan. vevidan "orpuss uerTdeba mnevariani
xraxni("viristavi)* xraxnis brunvis Sedegad xdeba xraxnis gadaadgileba Sida milis
+rilSi# 5axraxvna an amoxraxvna# ris Sedegadac lula %ebulobs ama%lebis sxvadasxva
"uTxes.
26
Tu verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmis meSveobiT SeuZlebelia lulisTvis sa+iro
ama%lebis "uTxis micema# maSin uxeSi verti"aluri damizneba xdeba wina !exis
gamowevisa da gadaadgilebis daxmarebiT.
-u*e 4orizontaluri damiznebis me)anizmiT (nax. &1)emsaxureba dazgis
"vanZebis damagrebas da yumbarsatyorcnis verti"alur damiznebas.
winidan !uZes gaa5nia wina !exis dasamagrebeli saxeluri* saxeluris mar$vena
gverdze midu%ebulia br$eni# romelic z%udavs wina !exis mobrunebas u"ana
mdgomareobaSi# xolo marcxena gverdze mimagrebulia "bilanebiani sayeluri. wina
!exis br$enisTvis cecxlis xazis umciresi sima%lisas# saxelurs winidan umagrdeba raza
(sa"eti).
!uZis ganiv +rilSi damagrebulia 5ar5o# romlis sar"melSi magrdeba dgiTamwe da
Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmis detalebi.
Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizms gaa5nia xraxni# romlis +rilze exraxneba
moZravi dgiTamwe. xraxnis mar$vena daboloeba moTavsebulia dazgis !uZis milisSi#
xolo marcxena daboloebaze 5amocmulia Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmis dolura.
moZravi dgiTamwe mil"aviT Sedis mcocaraSi# romelic moTavsebulia sagebis +rilSi.
doluris brunvisas brunavs xraxnic. moZravi dgiTamwe mcocarasTan erTad
gadaadgildeba mar$vniv an marcxniv# ris Sedegadac xdeba yumbarsatyorcnis
Corizontaluri damizneba.
dazgis !uZis zeda nawilSi datanebulia "uTxis sazomi s"ala danayo!ebiT /-1/* s"alas
avs danayo!ebi /* 1-//* &-//.
dazgis !uZes u"nidan midu%ebuli avs milisi# romelSic Tavsdeba sagebis tabi"i da
ori yunwi u"ana !exebis blo"is dasamagreblad.
dazgis wina nawilSi ganTavsebulia sa5eri salaSro mdgomareobisaTvis. igi
emsaxureba sagebis damagrebas dazgis !uZesTan mimarTebaSi na%msatyorcnis
transportirebisas. sa5eri Sedgeba an5isa da mom+eriani owinarisagan.
wina -exi magrdeba !uZis saxelurze da Sedgeba Sida (gamosawevi) da gare
milebisagan. gareTa mils avs eli!suri !orma. mas gaa5nia sami ganivi naxvreti
sa"etelasTvis da naxvreti sa5erisaTvis# agreTve dazgis !uZesTan dasamagrebeli
yunwi.
Sida mils gaa5nia TaTi# sadebi# romlis xvrelSic moTavsebulia sa"etela# sa5eri da
zambara. sa"etela emsaxureba yumbarsatyorcnis ama%lebis "uTxis cvlilebisas# Sida
milis gareTa milSi da:sirebas. sa5eri emsaxureba Sida milis gamowevis Sez%udvas.
gareTa milis Sua xvrelSi sa5eris ganTavsebisas# yumbarmtyorcnis ama%lebis "uTxe
gaizrdeba 9
/
(iT# vedaSi ( 1<
/
(iT.
!exi sa+iro mdgomareobaSi magrdeba !exis mom+eris saxeluris daxmarebiT.
27
nax. 2. dazgis !uZe verti"aluri da Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmi detalebiT
da wina !exis samagriT*
1-!uZe* &-"avi* .-sa"etela* 0-sa"etelas zambara* 1-sa"etelas %erZi* 2-5ar5o* 6-
Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmis xraxni* <-dgiTamwe* 9-5ar5os +an+i"i* 1/-
5ar5os xraxni* 11- mnevara("viristavi)* 1&- w"iri* 1.-mcocara* 10-milisi* 11-
yunwebi* 12-owinari* 16-mom+eris an5i* 1<-sayeluri* 19-yunwi "bilebiani Tava"iT*
&/-saxluri*&1-zambara* &&-an5i* &.-sayeluri* &0-+an+i"i* &1-+ilibyura
u&ana -exebis blo&i (nax. &2) Sedgeba mar$vena da marcxena !exis# garsa"ris#
saxsris ori "avis# !exebis mom+eri ori saxelurisa da blo"is mom+eris saxelurisgan.
u"ana !exebs gaa5niaT TiTo sabr$eni. yoveli !exi saxsaris "avTan magrdeba an5iT#
romelzec 5amocmulia zambara. zambaras mo+imuli avs !exis yunwis "bilanebiani
Tava"i "bilanebiani sayeluris "avis"en. sa+iro mdgomareobaSi !exis damagreba
xorcieldeba mom+eris saxeluris meSveobiT.
28
nax. 2!. u"ana !exebis blo"is detalebi)
1-mar$vena !exi* &-marcxena !exi* .-u"ana !exebis an5i* 0-garsa"ri* 1- saxsaris
"avebi* 2-saxsris zambarebi* <-!exebis mom+eris saxelurebi* 9-u"ana !exebis
blo"is mom+eris saxeluri* 1/-%erZi* 11-ganmbr$eni milisi* 1&- sayelurebi* 1.-
+an+i"ebi* 10-w"irebi* 11-+ilibyurebi
saxsris "avi garsa"rTan# an5ebiT aris damagrebuli. xolo garsa"ri ori yuris
meSveobiT uerTdeba dazgis !uZes* garsa"ris mar$vena yurs gaa5nia "bilanebiani
sayeluri saxeluris daxmarebiT u"ana !exebis blo"is sa+iro mdgomareobaSi
dasamagreblad.
2. borbliani savali nawili (nax. &6) sa+iroa yumbarsatyorcni "#(is xeliT
gadasatanad. igi Sedgeba %erZis# ori borblisa da %erZis !uZisgan.
nax. &6. borbliani savali nawili)
a-%erZi* b-borbali* g-%erZis !uZe* 1-veda "avi* &-:r:ta(ber"eti)* .-resoris zambara*
0-dem!eris zambara* 1-%ero* 2-zeda "avi* 6-sa"etelas zambara* <-lilva"i* 9-alami* 1/-
mili
29
borbliani savali nawilis %erZi warmoadgens mils# romelSic orive mxridan 5adgmulia
da midu%ebulia naxevar%erZebi. milze 5amocmulia da midu%ebulia ori sayeluri#
romelsac gaa5nia satacebi da +rilebi. satacebis daniSnulebaa# SeaerTos borbliani
savali nawilis %erZi !uZesTan# xolo +rili emsaxureba sa"etelaSi zambarisveSa lilva"is
moTavsebas.
borbliani savali nawilis %erZis damagreba !uZesTan xorcieldeba satacebisa da
sa"etelas daxmarebiT# romelic Sedgeba lilva"is# zambarisa da ori almisagan. borbali
warmoadgens natvi!r dadu%ebul "onstrucias da gaa5nia rezinis saburavi.
%erZis !uZe Sedgeba zeda saxeluris# ori zeda (dem!eruli) da ori veda (resoruli)
zambaris# agreTve veda saxeluris# ori %erosa da ber"etisagan.

"# da "# gasrolebis mowyoba da mo)medeba
2!. "# gasrola Sedgeba "umulatiuri yumbaris "#5s da denTis muxti "# 5
sagan.
&umulaciuri yumbara (nax. &<) Sedgeba saTavo nawilis# am!eTebelisa da
stabilizatoriani reatiuli Zravisagan.
nax. 2'. "umulatiuri yumbara -9 da denTis muxti -9:
a-yumbaris saTavo nawili* b-am!eTis saTavo nawili* g-reatiuli Zrava stabilizatoriT*
d-denTis muxti* e-am!eTis !s"eruli nawili* 1-"orpusi* &-garsSemomdeni* .-dengamtari
"onusi* 0-izolatori* 1-Zabri* 2-gamtari* 6-sas"domi muxti* <-e"rani* 9-milisebi* 1/-
sa"ani* 11-gadamyvani !s"eri* 1&-piroSemnelebeli'amaalebeli* 1.-samarSo
denTis muxti* 10-dia!ragma* 11-"apronis Za:* 12-saSeni* 16-$varedina* 1<-!rTa* 19-
"apronis Za:* &/-mgezavi* &1-bolovana* &&-saSenis daxrili tangencialuri naxvreti*
&.-!oladis mili* &0-lentiseburi denTi* &1-per"alis "artuzi* &2-+iliburi mowyobiloba*
&6-vazna* &<-"vamlmdeni denTi* &9-eletro!alia* ./-plastmasis dis"i* .1-
celuloidis dis"i* .&-dia!ragma* ..-sa"ontato rgoli* .0-sa"ontato zambara
yumbaris saTavo nawili Sedgeba "orpusisgan# romelSic 5awnexilia milisi#
garsSemomdenis# dengamtari "onusis# izolatoris# gamtariani Zabris# gamxle5i muxtisa
da milisiani e"ranisagan.
garsSemomdenSi exraxneba ama!eTeblis Tavi# xolo !s"eris naxvretSi
ganTavsebulia am!eTis !s"eruli nawili.
am!eTi "# 1 piezoeletruli# saTavo-!s"eruli# myiseul-damrtymeli momedebis#
Sor manZilze Seyenebis da TviTgamanadgurebeli. igi emsaxureba yumbaris saTavo
nawilis gaxle5as mizanTan (wina%obasTan) Sexvedrisas da Sedgeba saTavo da !s"eruli
nawilebisgan.
am!eTis saTavo nawils (nax. &9) gaa5nia piezoelementi (piezogeneratori)# romelic
yumbaris wina%obasTan Se$axebisas# gamoimuSavebs eletrodens.
piezoelementi Tavsdeba cilindis !ormis izolatorSi# romelic 5adgmulia am!eTis
saTavo nawilSi. Cermetulobis uzrunvelsayo!ad# "orpusze damagrebulia da dawnexilia
30
membrana# xolo am!eTis saTave nawilTan Sexebisas uecari dartymisagan dasacavad#
mis "orpusze 5amocmulia damcavi xu: +ilibiT. gadatenvamde +ilibs aZroben lentis
meSveobiT.
nax. 2#. am!eTis saTavo nawili)
a-saerTo xedi* b-xedi +rilSi* 1-"orpusi* &-rezinis sa!eni* .-
piezoelementi(piezogeneratori)* 0-izolatori* 1-membrana* 2-damcveli xu:* 6-+ilibi*
<-zonari* 9-"ontati
piezoelementebis eletrodebs warmoadgens misi ganivi zedapiri. wina ganivi
zedapiri "ontatSia yumbaris garsSemomdenTan# anu 5a"etilia >masazeE# xolo u"ana
ganivi zedapiri SeerTebulia "ontatis meSveobiT dengamtar "onusTan.
am!eTis !s"erul nawils (nax. ./) gaa5nia naperw"luri eletrodetonatori# romelic
masze piezoelementidan denis miwodebisas !eTdeba da iwvevs sabrZolo muxtis
gaxle5as.
orive nawilisGeletruli "avSiri xorcieldeba gare wredis (garsSemomdeni# "orpusi)
da Sida wredis (dengamtari "onusi# Zabri# gamtari) meSveobiT.
eletrodetonatori ganTavsebulia amZravSi# romelic samsaxurebrivi gamoyenebisas
imyo!eba Seuyenebel mdgomareobaSi# anu gadaweulia gverdze# amavdroulad
eletrodetonatori ar aris 5arTuli eletrul wredSi. aseT mdgomareobaSi amZravi
"umSavs ra or "onusur zambaras# 5erdeba denTis mcvelis sa5erebliT da burTula"iT.
am!eTis !s"erul nawilSi Tavsdeba TviTgamanadgurebeli# romlic uzrunvelyo!s
yumbaris a!eTebas# Tu yumbara lulis %rudan gasrolis Semdeg 0 ( 2 wm-Si ar
See$axeba wina%obas.
gasrolisas TviTgamanadgureblis piroteni"uri Semadgenlobis da denTis mcvelis
erTdroul Se"umSvas emsaxureba aalebadi meanizmi# romelic Sedgeba aalebadi
"a!sulisa da zambariani nestrisagan.
!s"erul nawilSi zemodan Tavsdeba detonatoris "o+a. detonatoris "o+is a!eTeba
xdeba eletrodetonatoridan gadamcemi muxtis meSveobiT.
31
nax. 3.. am!eTis !s"eruli nawili)
a-saerTo xedi* b# g- xedi +rilSi* d-eletrowredis gamartivebuli sema
samsaxureobriv xmarebaSi* 1-eletrodetonatori* &-amZravi* .-denTis mcvelis sa5eri*
0-5a+irxnuli denTi* 1-detonatoris "o+a* 2-"a!sul-detonatori* 6-"orpusi* <-garsi
am-eT)is muSaoba. gasrolisas yumbara %ebulobs mniSvnelovan a5arebas# xolo
aalebadi meanizmis aalebadi "a!sula# umoZraobis Sesanar5uneblad "umSavs
zambaras da i+yliteba nestrze.
aalebadi "a!sulidan cecxlis sxivi anTebs denTis mcvels da TviTgamanadgureblis
piroteni"ur Semadgenlobas.
imis Semdeg# rac yumbara gamoityorcneba lulis %rudan# drois gansaz%vruli
Sualedis gasvlisas# daiwveba denTis mcveli# gamoTavisu;deba amZravis sa5erebeli
da "onusuri zambarebis zemomedebiT amZravi gadaadgildeba sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi (u"iduresi marcxena)# ayenebs eletrodetonators gadamcemi muxtis
win da axdens eletrodetonatoris 5arTvas piezoelementis wredSi. (nax. .1) am!eTi
a%mo5ndeba Seyenebul mdgomareobaSi) gareTa da Sida wredebi# romlebic "ravs
am!eTis saTaves da !s"erul nawilebs# a%mo5ndeba 5a"etili. am!eTis Seyeneba
mTavrdeba yumbarsatyorcnis lulidan yumbaris gamotyorcnisas# lulis gadana+ridan
&#1 ( &/ m manZilze (Sori Seyeneba)# ris Sedegadac gasrolisas uzrunvelyo:lia
usa!rTxoeba.
32
nax. 31. am!eTis !s"eruli nawilis nawilebis mdgomareoba !renis dros(Seyenebis
Semdeg))
a# b-xedi +rilSi* g- Seyenebis Semdeg am!eTis eletrowredis gamartivebuli sema*
1- eletrodetonatori* &-amZravi* .- denTis mcvelis sa5eri
mizanTan (wina%obasTan) Se$axebisas piezoelementi m"veTrad i"umSeba# ris
Sedegadac warmoimneba eletrodeni da amuSavdeba naperw"luri
eletrodetonatori. detonacia gadaecema yumbaris gamxle5 muxts detonatorisa da
gadamcemi muxtis meSveobiT. acilebis an wina%obasTan Se$axebis dros ama!eTeblis
ga+edvis SemTxvevaSi# gasrolidan 0 ( 2 wm-Si mTavrdeba TviTgamanadgureblis
piroteni"uli Semadgenlobis wva da am!eTeblis eletrodetonatori amomeddeba ara
eletrodenis meSveobiT# aramed TviTgamanadgureblis "a!sula-detonatoris a!eTebis
Sedegad.
yumbara "#"is rea)tiuli *ravi emsaxureba !renis dros traetoriaze yumbaris
si5aris gazrdas. mas gaa5nia "amera# gadamyvani !s"eri# piroSemnelebel-
amaalebeli# dia!ragmiani samarSo denTis muxti da saSeni.
samarSo nitroglicerinis denTis muxti gadaadgildeba Zravis "ameraSi* muxtis u"ana
nawili eb$ineba dia!ragmas.
samarSo denTis muxtis aalebisaTvis# "ameris wina nawilSi Tavsdeba
piroSemanelebel-amaalebeli. igi Sedgeba "orpusSi awyobili "a!sula-amaaleblis#
zambariani nestris# Semanelebeli piroteni"uri Semadgenlobisa da "vamliani denTis
amaaleblisagan.
33
"ameris u"ana nawilze daxveulia saSeni. saSenis gareTa zedapirze Tavsdeba
bolovana# stabilizatoris evsi gasaSleli !rTiT. !rTebi da"ecil mdgomareobaSi# "apronis
Za:Taa erTmaneTze gadabmuli. bolovanaSi aris ori bude# romlebSic ganTavsebulia
mgezavebi.
saSeni daxurulia Cermetuli SuasadebiT da dis"oTi. denTis muxtis misaerTeblad#
saSenze u"anidan mimagrebulia "udis nawili ori SveriliT.
saSenis wina nawils gaa5nia rgoluri ga!arToeba# romelic gan"uTvnilia lulis %ruSi
moZraobisas yumbaris gasacentreblad da gasrolisas denTis muxtis airebis wnevis
misa%ebad. saSenis ga!arToebul nawilze ganTavsebulia oTxi daxrili tangencialuri
naxvreti* gasrolisas naxvretebisagan gamosuli denTis airi yumbaras ani+ebs mbrunav
moZraobas.
denTis muxti -9 emsaxureba yumbarisTvis sawyisi si5aris mini+ebas. igi
Sedgeba metalis mmuxtavi mowyobilobis# nitroglicerinis denTis wona"ebis# aalebadi
muxtisa da !orsirebis "vanZisgan. metalis mmuxtavi mowyobiloba aris !oladis mila"i#
romelsac bevri naxvreti avs. denTis muxtis yumbarasTan swra: mierTebisaTvis#
!oladis mila"is wina daboloebaze montaBdeba mowyobiloba#H xolo u"nidan exraxneba
dia!ragma# romelic yumbarsatyorcnis lulaSi a:sirebs gasrolas. nitroglicerinis denTi
moTavsebulia pir"alis (magari na+eri) "artuzSi# romelic dia!ragmasTan magrad aris
TasmiT mibmuli. dia!ragmisa da nitroglicerinis denTian "artuzs Soris !oladis mila"ze
ganTavsebulia !orsirebis "vanZi# romelic Sedgeba plastmasis da celuloiduri dis"ebis
na"rebisgan. dia!ragma !orsirebis "vanZsa da sa"etis saSenTan erTad# uzrunvelyo!s
denTis muxtis wvis pirobebis mudmivobas. !oladis mila"Si 5adgmulia or eletro!aliani
aalebadi muxti.
sadenebis erTi wyvili# romelic gamodis elitro!aliebidan# da"avSirebulia
dia!ragmasTan (>masazeE)# xolo meore ( sa"ontato rgolTan# romelic dia!ragmisgan
izolirebulia. imisTvis# rom moxdes dia!ragmasa da yumbarsatyorcns Soris usa!rTxo
"ontati (ImasazeE)# dia!ragmaze ori :r:tiseburi zambaraa damagrebuli.
denTis muxtisa da rea)tiuli *ravis mo)medeba. yumbarsatyorcnis
eletrosasroli meanizmidan (dia!ragmis "ontaturi r"alis da yumbarmtyorcnis
masidan) or eletro!aliaze eletruli impulsis miwodebis Semdeg# mila"Si aaldeba
amaalebeli muxtis sa"vamle denTi. warmomnili airebi gaxle5s amaalebeli muxtis
masras da !oladis mila"Si arsebuli xvrelebis meSveobiT a%wevs lenturi denTis muxts.
xdeba denTis muxtis aaleba# airebi awveba yumbaris !s"ers (reatiuli Zravis
saSenze). airebis wnevis Sedegad saSens wydeba "udis nawili# romelzec
mierTebulia denTis muxti. amis Sedegad# yumbara iwyebs yumbarsatyorcnis lulaSi
moZraobas* airebis nawili miedineba win# saSenis ga!arToebuli nawilis daxril
naxvretebSi da yumbaras ani+ebs mbrunav moZraobas. yumbaris stabilizatorze
erTdroulad aaldeba ori mgezavi.
airebis wnevis Semdgomi gazrdisas lulaSi i+yliteba (imsxvreva) !orsirebis "vanZis
dis"ebi da iwyeba airebis yumbarsatyorcnis sa"etis saSenidan gadineba. am dros
warmomnili reatiuli Zala awonasworebs u"ucemis Zalas. yumbaris moZraobis
dasawyisSi reatiuli Zravis piroSemanelebel-amaalebelSi nestari inerciis Zalebis
zemomedebiT "umSavs zambaras da ga+ylets "a!sul-amaalebels* iwyeba
Semanelebeli piroteni"uri Semadgenlobis wva.
lulidan yumbaris gamotyorcnis Semdeg# stabilizatoris !rTebi# centridanuli Zalebis
zemomedebis da Caeris Semxvedri na"adis Sedegad iSleba da yumbaris !rena
stabilurdeba# rogorc 5veulebrivi !rTiani +urvebis SemTxvevaSi.
lulis gadana+ridan da reatiuli Zravis piroSemnelebel-amaaleblis piroteni"uri
Semadgenlobidan 1/ ( &/m-Si xdeba samarSo muxtis nitroglicerinis denTis aaleba.
samarSo denTis muxtis airebis wnevis zemomedebiT reatiuli Zravis saSenidan
gamoityorcneba Suasadebi da dis"i. iwyeba saSenidan airebis gamodineba. am dros
warmomnili reatiuli Zala a5arebs yumbaris reatiuli +urvis ga!antvis erT-erTi
mizezi ( reatiuli Zalis eli!suroba# yumbaris mbrunavi moZraobis !renis si5ares.
reatiuli Zravis "ameraSi denTis wvis dasrulebisas# yumbara agrZelebs inerciiT !renas.
34
!renisas yumbaris mbrunavi moZraoba izrdeba stabilizatoris !rTebis daanebebze
Semxvedri Caeris zemomedebis Sedegad. yumbaris brunviTi moZraobidan
gamomdinare# izrdeba srolis sizuste# imis gamo# rom yumbaris moZraobiT mcirdeba
reatiuli +urvebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezis momedeba'reatiuli Zalis escentruloba.
wina%obasTan Se$axebisas amomeddeba am!eTi da xdeba yumbaris gamxle5i
muxtis detonacia# rasac moyveba "umulaciuri na"adi# romelic gamoangrevs
wina%obas.
2$. "# ( s gasrola Sedgeba msxvrevadi yumbara "# da denTis muxti "# 5
sgan.
msxvrevadi yumbara (nax. .&)Sedgeba saTave nawilis# stabilizatorisa da
am!eTisgan.
yumbaris saTave nawili Sedgeba yru!s"eriani "orpusisa da gamxle5i muxtisgan.
"orpusis xvrelSi exraxneba am!eTi.
nax. 32. msxvrevadi yumbara -9 da denTis muxti -9:
a-yumbaris saTave nawili* b-denTis muxti* 1-damcavi xu:* &-am!eTi* .-"orpusi* 0-
gamxle5i muxti* 1-mila"i* 2-$varedina* 6-mgezavi* <-+ia* 9-milisi* 1/-bolovana* 11-
gadamyvani* 1&-sa5eri* 1.-zambara* 10-mila"i* 11-masra* 12-lentiseburi muxti* 16-
"artuzi* 1<-"vamlmdeni denTi* 19-eletro!alia* &/-mila"i* &1-celoidis dis"o* &&-
plastmasis dis"o* &.-dia!ragma* &0-sa"ontato rgoli* &1-saizolacio masa* &2-
sadenebi* &6-zambara* &<-zonari
stabilizatori Sedgeba mila"isa da rva uxeSi ne"niani $vara"isagan# romelTac wina
gadana+erze gaa5niaT daanebebi. 9daanebebis meSveobiT !renis dros yumbara
brunavs. $vara"Si Tavsdeba +ia mgezavTan erTad.
am!eTi "2(nax. ..) 5 saTavo# inerciuli da myiseul-damrtymeli momedebis# Sori
SeyenebiT. man unda uzrunvelyos mizanTan (wina%obasTan) Sexvedrisas# yumbaris
saTave nawilis gaxle5a. igi Sedgeba membraniani "orpusis# damrtymeli meanizmis#
gadamcem muxtiani gverdidan damrtymeli mowyobilobis# !s"eruli milisis#
detonatorisa da damcavi 5a5isgan.
35
damrtymeli meanizmi Sedgeba myisieri momedebis damrtymelisa da inerciuli
momedebis damrtymelisagan.
myisieri momedebis damrtymels gaa5nia dasartyami gula# milisSi Se+yletili
nestari da Tavi.
inerciuli momedebis damrtymels gaa5nia sabr$eni da mimmarTulebis mimcemi
milisebi* milisi# romelSic Sedis "a!sula-detonatori# zambara# masra da mcveli
Suasadebi* milisi damaboloebeli zambariT* masra zigzagismagvari +riliT* mcveli
zambara* oTxi damcveli burTula"i da erTi sabr$eni burTula"i.
JgverdiTi damrtymelis mowyobiloba Sedgeba inerciuli rgolisgan# romelSic
moTavsebulia gadamcemi muxti da TaTiseburi mcveli.
damrtymeli meanizmi da gverdiTi damrtymeli mowyobiloba "orpusSi
gamagrebulia !s"eruli milisiT.
detonators avs +ia# romelSic moTavsebulia "o+a. +ia zemodan daxurulia.
detonatori 5axraxnilia !s"erul milisSi.
am!eTeblis Cermetulobis uzrunvelsayo!ad# "orpusis Tavze daxveulia Suasadebiani
membrana. Kmembranis usa!rTxoebisaTvis "orpusis Tavze 5amocmulia damcveli 5a5i
+ilibiT.
gadatenvamde +ilibi zonaris daxmarebiT Zvreba# amavdroulad xdeba 5a5is
mocilebac.
36
nax. 33. am!eTi -& (+rilSi))
1-!s"eris milisi* &-TaTisebri mcveli*
.-xu:* 0-inerciuli rgoli* 1-zambara*
2-"a!sul-detonatori* 6-masra*
<-milisi* 9-zambara* 1/-w"iri* 11-masra*
1&-sabr$eni burTula* 1.-damrtymeli %ero*
10-+ilibi* 11-sa!eni* 12-damcavi xu:*
16-membrana* 1<-Tava"i* 19-zonari* &/-
damcavi zambara* &1-nestari* &&-milisi*
&.-damcveli burTula* &0-milisi* &1-sabr$eni
milisi* &2-damcavi sadebi* &6-"orpusi*
&<-mimmarTveli milisi* &9-:n$ani* ./-
detonatoris +ia* .1-detonatori
samuSao pirobebSi usa!rTxoeba mii%weva imiT# rom nestris miaxloebas "a!sula-
detonatorTan xels uSlis mcveli burTula"ebi# romlebic moTavsebulia myisieri
momedebis damrtymelsa da inerciuli momedebis damrtymels Soris. am
mdgomareobaSi burTula"ebs a"avebs vazna# romelic burTula"Tan mib$eniT aris
mo+imuli zeda mdgomareobaSi damcavi zambaris mier.
am-eT)is muSaoba. gasrolisas yumbara %ebulobs sagrZnob a5arebas# xolo
damrtymeli meanizmis masra b$eniT burTula"Tan erTad# uZraobis mdgomareobis
Sesanar5uneblad +imavs damcvel zambaras da eSveba u"idures veda
mdgomareobaSi. sabr$eni burTula"i srialebs damrtymeli gulas +rilSi da +rilis boloSi
daanebiT gamogordeba "orpusis danayo!Si.
lulis %rudan yumbaris gasrolis Semdeg# inerciis Zala mcirdeba da damrtymeli
meanizmis masra inerciuli momedebis dartymis zambaris da damcveli zambaris
zemomedebiT# aiweva zemoT damrtymeli %eros SverilSi mib$enamde da
gamoaTavisu;ebs mcvel burTula"ebs# romlebic milisis mier "vris Sedegad
gamogordeba "orpusis danayo!Si. damrtymeli meanizmis masra zigzagismagvari
+rilis arsebobis wyalobiT /#/1 ( /#/&wm-is ganmavlobaSi aiweva %erZis
mimarTulebiT. amis Sedegad am!eTis Seyeneba xorcieldeba ara umcires &#1m.
manZilze lulis gadana+ridan.
Seyenebul am!eTSi nestris mier "a!sulis 5a+yletas xels uSlis damaboloebeli
zambara da mcveli Suasadebi. inerciuli r"ali# yumbaris !renis dros m"veTri ryevebisas#
magrdeba damaboloebel zambariT# inerciuli damrtymelis r"alTan mo+imviTa da
damcvelis TaTebis winaa%mdegobiT.
mizanTan (wina%obasTan) am!eTis saTave nawilis Sexvedrisas xdeba membranis
de!ormireba da mizani (wina%oba) axdens gavlenas myisieri momedebis
damrtymelze# romelic "a!sula-detonatorTan miaxloebisas daZlevs damaboloebeli
zambaris wina%obis Zalas# nestris meSveobiT gaxvrets damcvel Suasadebs da
ga+ylets "a!sula-detonators. "a!sula-detonatori amomedebisas axdens gadamcemi
muxtis detonacias. amavdroulad# xdeba !s"eruli milisis mier z%udaris gamomtvreva
da detonatoris amomedeba.
wina%obasTan yumbaris gverdiT Sexvedris SemTxvevaSi (Sexvedris "uTxe <
/
)
amomeddeba am!eTis gverdiTi damrtymeli mowyobiloba. amavdroulad# inerciuli
r"ali inerciis Zalis zemomedebiT gadainacvlebs gverdiTa mimarTulebiT# gada%unavs
mcvelis TaTebs# damaboloebeli Sigsa5arxis meSveobiT gadaaadgilebs inerciul
damrtymels %erZis mimarTulebiT. inerciuli damrtymeli# "orpusis Sigsa5arxSi
gadaadgilebis dros# ga+ylets "a!sula-detonetors nestrze. "a!sula-detonatoris
ga+yleta iwvevs mis amomedebas.
5a5iT srolis dros yumbara exeTeba wina%obas. am dros inerciuli meanizmi
"a!sula-detonatorTan erTad# inerciis Zalis zemomedebiT# gadaadgildeba nestris
mimarTulebiT da ga+ylets "a!sula-detonators# rac iwvevs "a!sula-detonatoris
amomedebas.
denTis muxti "# daniSnulebisamebr# mowyobiT da momedebiT# denTis
muxti "#"s analogiuria.
yumbaris "udis nawilis Se"aveba u!ro sando rom gaxdes# muxti "#"is
gadamyvanSi aris rgoli -s magvari +rilebiT# romelic 5amocmulia muxtis per:rirebuli
mila"is wina nawilze. per:rirebul mila"Si -s magvari +rilebis veS aris ori xvreli.
amaalebeli muxtis denTis airebi# gasrolisas gadis ra am xvrelebidan# gada%unavs
rgolis !urclebs# riTac xdeba sa5ereblis u"idures wina mdgomareobaSi sando
da:sirebis uzrunvelyo!a.
SeniSvna% bolo gamoSveba "# muxtebSic aris msgavsi rgoli.
yumbaris mo)medeba. imis Semdeg rac yumbara gamosrolilia
yumbarsatyorcnis lulidan# $vara"is ne"nebis daanebebs awydeba Semxvedri Caeris
na"adi# rac yumbaras ani+ebs mbrunav moZraobas.
wina%obasTan Sexvedrisas momedebas iwyebs am!eTi da xdeba asa!eTebeli
nivTierebis detonacia# ris Sedegadac xdeba "orpusis gaxle5a da warmoimneba
37
namsxvrevebi# romlebic azianebs mowinaa%mdegis cocxal Zalas da sacecxle
saSualebebs.
yumbarebis Se-uTva da Se+ebva
2'. yumbarebi unda 5aidos 2-2 calad# xis yuTebSi da unda damagrdes sadebebiT.
xangrZlivi Senaxvis mizniT# yumbarebi damatebiT Se!uTulia ap"isebur tomrebSi.
Limave yuTSi# specialur ganyo:lebaSi# ewyoba 2 denTis muxti.
2#. yumbarebi sabrZolo a%+urvilobiT Se%ebilia damcvel !erSi# am yumbarebis saTave
nawili a%+urvilia asa!eTebeli nivTierebiT. inertul a%+urvilobaSi yumbarebs saTave
nawili Se%ebili avT Sav !rad ("# 5 is reatiuli Zrava ( damcav !erSi)# garda amisa#
am yumbarebs gaa5niaT damatebiTi niSani 6inert7. inertul a%+urvilobaSi yumbaris
saTave nawili gavsebulia inertuli masiT. yumbarebi inertul a%+urvilobiT gan"uTvnilia
saswavlo-prati"ul miznebSi gamoyenebisaTvis.
vedanayo!ebis piradma Semadgenlobam "argad unda icodes sabrZolo da inertuli
yumbarebis Se!erilobis gansxvaveba.
saTadarigo detalebis, xelsawyoebis da mowyobilobebis daniSnuleba 23
3.. yovel yumbarsatyorcns unda axldes)
saTadarigo detalebi 5 sa"ontato mowyobilobis ori "ontati*
xelsawyo 5 5au5i# libi# sawerteli# gamosagdebi# an5is gasa%ebi# saxraxnisi*
mowyobiloba 5 sarcxi da SaliTa lulis %rus gawmendisa da gapoxebisaTvis#
SaliTiani $agrisi gama!arToebeli "amoris gawmendisa da gapoxebisaTvis# SaliTa
lulisTvis# SaliTebi lulis tu5isa da saxazino nawilebisaTvis# dioptri ( samizne
mowyobilobis gasasworeblad da yumbarsatyorcnis eletro$a+vis Sesamowmeblad.
gaTvlebisaTvis gasrolebis gadasatanad aris ori 5anTa# TiToeulSi Tavsdeba sami
yumbara da sami penali denTis muxtiT (nax. .0).
nax. 34. gasrolebis gadasatani SaliTa)
a-xedi da"etil mdgomareobaSi* b- xedi %ia mdgomareobaSi* 1-samxre amari* &-
saxeluri* .-samxre baliSi* 0- "umulaciuri(msxvrevadi) yumbara* 1-denTis muxtis
penali
38
5anTebs xeliT gadasatanad avs saxeluri# xolo zurgiT gadasatanad ( ori samxre
amari baliSebiT. samxre amrebis "arabinebi i"vreba naxevarrgolebTan# romlebic
mimagrebulia 5anTis veda nawilze.Hyumbarsatyorcnis gaTvlisaTvis 5alagebulia
saartilerio 5a!xutebi# romlebis daxurvac unda moxdes srolisas# xolo damtenisTvis#
amis garda ( xelTaTmanebi# xelebis damwvrobisgan dasacavad im SemTxvevaSi# roca
arasruli estraciis dros# xdeba lulidan dia!ragmiani mila"is gamo%eba.
yumbarsatyorcnisTvis saTadarigo detalebis# xelsawyoebis da mowyobilobebis
2(is) individualuri "ompletis 5awyoba xdeba 5anTaSi# romelic sarcxsa da
$agrisTan erTad inaxeba yumbarsatyorcnis yuTSi.
garda zemoTa%niSnulisa# yovel evs yumbarsatyorcnze iZleva saTadarigo
detalebis# xelsawyoebis da mowyobilobebis ("is) $gu!uri "ompleti# romelic
gan"uTvnilia yumbarsatyorcnebis sruli daSlisTvis# agreTve teni"uri momsaxurebisa
da saSualo remontis 5asatareblad# saTadarigo detalebis# xelsawyoebis da
mowyobilobebis (5is) individualuri "ompletis Sesavsebad.
Se-erxebebi srolis dros da maTi Tavidan acileba
31. saTanado movlisa da swori Senaxvis pirobebSi yumbarsatyorcni warmoadgens
sando iara%s. magram# yumbarsatyorcnTan ara!rTxili mopyrobis Sedegad#
dabinZurebisa da nawilebis gacveTis# agreTve gasrolebis gaumarTaobebis
SemTxvevaSi# srolis dros SeiZleba iyosH Se!erxebebi.

SesaZlo
gaumarTaoba
gaumarTaobis mizezi
gaumarTaobebis a%mo!xvris
xerxi
denTis muxtis
araaleba (mtyuneba)
gasrola m+idrod
Sedis lulis %ruSi
denTis muxtis
dia!ragmis cudi "ontati
sa"ontato
mowyobilobis
"ontatebTan
sa"eti ar aris bolomde
da"etili
dabinZurebulia an
gaumarTavia "ontatebi
ar aris dayenebuli erTi
an orive "ontati
gaumarTavia gasrolis
eletrowredi
gaumarTavia
eletrosasroli
meanizmis
eletrowredi
dabinZurebulia lulis %ru
an gasrola
1(erTi)wuTis gavlis Semdeg#
dav"etoT 5axmaxi mcveliT#
gavxsnaT sa"eti# SemovabrunoT
gasrola 01(9/
/
-ze# amovi%oT
igi win mib$enamde# 5av"etoT
sa"eti da 5avataroT
ganmeorebiTi srola.
dav"etoT sa"eti bolomde
gavwmindoT an SevcvaloT
"ontatebi
davayenoT "ontati
("ontatebi)
SevcvaloT gasrola
yumbarsatyorcns unda
5autardes daTvaliereba da
saxelosnoSi remonti
unda gaiwmindos gasrola da
lulis %ru
39
sa"eti ar gadadis
u"idures wina
mdgomareobaSi
(arasrulad aris
da"etili)
sa"etis ga%eba8
da"etisas soli
m+idrod
gadaadgildeba
sa"etis m+idro
brunva gaxsnisa da
da"etvisas
Sena+yletebi yumbaris
macentrirebel
ga!arToebaze
dabinZurebulia rgoluri
amona%ari lulis saxazino
nawilSi
dabinZurebulia
amomgdebi meanizmis
mbiZgavebi
dabinZurebulia 5am"eti
meanizmi
sa"etis yunwis an
saxeluris :satoris
dabinZureba
unda Seicvalos yumbara
unda gaiwmindos rgoluri
amona%ari
unda gaiwmindos mbiZgavebi
da maTi budeebi
daiSalos# gaiwmindos da
gaipoxos 5am"eti meanizmis
detalebi
gavacal"evoT sa"eti#
gavasu!TavoT da gavpoxoT
:satori da yunwi.
Tavi MN
yumbarsatyorcnis da misi gasrolebis movla# momsaxureba da Senaxva
gawmenda da SezeTva
.&. yumbarsatyorcni yovelTvis unda iyos gamarTul mdgomareobaSi da srolisaTvis
mzadyo!naSi. yvela!eri es mii%weva drouli gawmendis# SezeTvis# swori
momsaxurebis# Sesabamisi Senaxvis pirobebis# saTuTi mopyrobis da gaumarTaobebis
droulad a%mo!xvris# agreTve sxvadasxva saxis teni"uri momsaxurebis 5atarebis
Sedegad (danarTi 1).
yumbarsatyorcnis gawmenda vedanayo!Si mimdinareobs)
' srolis Semdeg# dauyonebliv sasroleTze (velze) srolis damTavrebisTanave. iwmindeba
da izeTeba lula# ga!arToebuli "amera (saxazino nawili) da sa"eti. Semdegi wmenda
xdeba sasroleTidan (velidan) dabrunebis mere .-0 d%is ganmavlobaSi*
' savele mecadineobebis Semdeg (srolis gareSe) vedanayo!Si dabrunebisTanave*
' sabrZolo momebebis dros an xangrZlivi wvrTnebis dros yoveld%iurad# brZolis dros
"i# Sesvevnebis periodSi*
' im SemTxvevaSi# Tu yumbarsatyorcni gamoyenebis gareSe dgas# maSin igi
iwmindeba "viraSi erTxel.
33. yumbarsatyorcnis SezeTva da gawmenda mimdinareobs yumbarsatyorcnis
meTauris TandaswrebiT# igi gansaz%vravs daSlis# wmendis da SezeTvis xarisxs#
amowmebs sa"uTnos gamarTulobas# gasawmendi masalebis vargisianobas#
gawmendis xarisxis Semowmebis Semdeg iZleva nebarTvas awyobaze# agreTve
amowmebs SezeTvis da awyobis siswores. o:crebi valdebulebi arian periodulad
daeswron yumbarsatyorcnis wmendas da Seamowmon misi awyobis siswore.
yazarmul da savele mdgomareobaSi yo!nisas# yumbarsatyorcnis gawmenda xdeba
specialurad gamoyo:l adgilebze. amisaTvis gamoiyo!a magida# su!Ta sa!enebi# :crebi#
!anera da a.S.
34. yumbarsatyorcnis gasawmendad da SesazeTad gamoiyeneba)
' ZonZebi an a%aldi "228
40
' iara%is sawmendi xsnari gamoiyeneba yumbarsatyorcnis gasawmendad Caeris
temperaturis 31@-dan '1/@-mde SualedSi*
' saiara%o sapoxi gamoiyeneba lulis arxis# meanizmebisa da nawilebis gasapoxad
gasu!Tavebis Semdeg. maSin roca Caeris temperatura a%emateba 31@. sapoxi goi-
10-p gamoiyeneba eletrosasxletis# amwe da momabrunebeli meanizmebis#
sadgaris da meani"uri samiznis gasawmendad*
' lulis gasawmendi xsnari (lgx) gamoiyeneba lulis arxis# meanizmebis da nawilebis
gasawmendad# romlebic moxvdnen denTis gazebis zemomedebis veS.
S e n i S v n a% lgx vedanayo!Si unda moamzadoT im raodenobiT# ra raodenobac
sa"marisia iara%is gasawmendad erTi d%e-%amis ganmavlobaSi.
xsnaris Semadgenloba)
' sasmelad vargisi wyali ' 1 l*
' amoniumnaxSirorBangi ' &// g*
' amoniumbiromati ' .-1 g.
mcire raodenobis xsnaris Senaxva nebadarTulia ara umetes 6 d%e-%amis
ganmavlobaSi# sacobiT Tavdaxurul minis +ur+elSi# bnel adgilas# gamaTbobeli
xelsawyoebisgan moSorebiT. lgx-is 5asxma liTonis sazeTurebSi a&r*alulia*
3. lulis arxis sruli gawmendis Semdeg# sarcxis $agrisze davaxvioT 5vari# davasveloT
lgx xsnarSi da ramden$erme gavwmindoT lulis arxi. gawmendis Semdeg SevcvaloT
5vari da isev gavwmindoT# amis Semdeg su!Ta mSrali ZonZiT gavagrZeloT wmenda.
Tu ZonZze ar ineba denTis namwvi# Bangi an +u+yi# maSin lulis arxi gawmendilia.
ga!arToebuli "ameris gawmenda xdeba iseve# rogorc lulis arxisa# sa"uTnoSi arsebuli
$agrisis meSveobiT. "amera iwmindeba saxazino nawilidan %ia sa"etis
mdgomareobaSi. 5am"eti# gamomgdebi meanizmi da saSeni iwmindeba lgx-iT# an
Txevadi iara%is zeTSi dasvelebuli ZonZebiT# Semdeg "i iwmindeba mSrali ZonZebiT.
sadgari da borblebiani savali nawili iwmindeba xis sa!xe"ebiT# irecxeba wyliT da
mSraldeba ZonZebiT. damiznebis meanizmi +u+yisagan iwmindeba da mSraldeba
ZonZiT. Bangis mocilebis mizniT# zedapiri unda damuSavdes Txevadi saiara%o zeTiT da
ramdenime saaTis Semdeg gaiwmindos ZonZiT.
samizne iwmindeba mSrali ZonZiT. samiznis gareTa SuSa !rTxilad iwmindeba
;anelis na+riT# centridan dawyebuli wriuli moZraobiT. SuSaze zeTis wasma da xelis
Sexeba a"rZalulia# gawmendis Semdeg samizne 5aideba yuTSi.
"ontatebisa da mablo"irebeli mowyobilebis gawmenda xdeba gaTvlis ZalebiT da
saartilerio saremonto specialistis daxmarebiT ara na"leb &-. TveSi erT$er.
yumbarsatyorcnis gawmendis Semdeg xdeba SezeTva. sapoxiT da!arva xdeba
dauyonebliv gawmendis Semdeg# imis gamo rom liTonis zedapirze tenis moxvedra ar
davuSvaT.
lulis arxis sapoxiT das!aravad sarcxis $agrisze davaxvioT su!Ta Txeli sapoxiT
gaB%enTili ZonZi da lulis arxSi 0-1-$er gausvaT. amave xerxiT xdeba gama!arToebeli
"ameris gapoxva. yurad%eba unda mieces rom sapoxi ar moxvdes
mablo"irebeli da sa"ontato mowyobilobis "orpusSi# agreTve "ontatoris budeebsa da
mablo"irebeli mowyobilobis sabiZgelebSi.
yumbarsatyorcnis da misi gasrolebis Senaxva, ga-rTxileba
3!. vedanayo!Si yumbarsatyorcnis# samiznis da gasrolebis Senaxvaze
pasuxismgebelia vedanayo:s meTauri. gaTvlis wevrebi valdebulebi arian ionion
yumbarsatyorcni da samizne su!Ta# gamarTul mdgomareobaSi.
3$. yazarmaSi an savele bana"Si ganlagebisas yumbarsatyorcni da samizne inaxeba
da"etil SenobaSi an sa!arveS# Sesa!uT yuTebSi an sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi SaliTiT
gadacmuli. dasaSvebia yoveld%iur espluataciaSi myo: yumbarsatyorcnebis %ia
par"is teritoriaze ganlageba. %amiT par"is teritoria ganaTebuli unda iyos.
3'. samizneebi -9# -9 inaxeba budeebSi# Tbil oTaxSi# "arisgan# %umelisa da
gamaTbobeli xelsawyoebisagan moSorebiT.
41
3#. mcire manZilze (mag. mecadineobaze gadaadgilebisas) yumbarsatyorcni -9
salaSro mdgomareobaSi gaTvlis meSveobiT gadaavT. yumbarsatyorcni -9
borbliani savali nawiliT xeliT unda inas gadatanili. samizne mowyobilobebi unda
gadaitanoT xeliT budeSi.
yumbarsatyorcnis gadatana Sor manZilze SeiZleba $avSantransportioriT# yuTebiT an
sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi am SemTxvevaSi yumbarsatyorcni unda damagrdes.
4.. vedanayo!ebSi da nawilebSi gasrolebi inaxeba sabrZolo masalebis Senaxvis da
ga!rTxilebis wesebis Sesabamisad.
9 Tavi
yumbarsatyorcnis Semowmeba da srolisTvis momzadeba.
41. yumbarsatyorcnis gamarTulobis# sisu!Tavis da sasroleT momzadebisaTvis# xdeba
misi daTvaliereba da Semowmeba. amasTanave# xdeba samizneebisa da sa"uTnos
Semowmeba. nawilebsa da vedanayo!ebSi iara%is Semowmeba xdeba batalionis s-
0-is da vedanayo!ebis meTauris mier wesdebiT gan"uTvnil vadebSi# agreTve
swavlebis win da sabrZolo amocanis Sesrulebis win. yumbarsatyorcnis# samiznis da
sa"uTnos gaumarTaobis SemTxveva# dauyonebliv unda a%moi!xvras#
im SemTxvevaSi# Tu SeuZlebeblia gaumarToebis a%mo!xvra# maSin dazianebuli
xelsawyo# Sesabamisi do"umentaciis ga!ormebiT# saartilerio-saremonto saxelosnoSi
unda gaigzavnos.
yumbarsatyorcns amowmebs gaTvla# gaTvlis meTauris xelmZ%vanelobiT.
yumbarsatyorcnis momzadebisaTvis sa+iroa)
' yumbarsatyorcni gadaviyvanoT sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi*
' gaiwmindos yumbarsatyorcni +u+yisa da mtvrisagan*
' simSralemde gaiwmindos lulis arxi# ga!arToebuli "amera da saSenis Sida zedapiri.
42. yumbarsatyorcnis Semowmeba mimdinareobs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT)
' mowmdeba lula. lulas ar unda Condes bzari# na"awrebi# niBarebi# lulis arxi ar unda
iyos gaberili. yumbarsatyorcni# a%niSnuli de!etebiT# srolaze ar daiSveba*
' Semowmdes sa"eti meanizmis muSaoba. amisTvis ramden$erme gai%os da
dai"etos sa"eti# amave dros Semowmdes sabiZgelebis da "ontatoris arseboba da
dayenebis siswore*
' Semowmdes wina !exis :sireba gaSlil mdgomareobaSi*
' Semowmdes eletrosasroli meanizmi. amisTvis &-.-$er unda moxdes misi Seyeneba
da daSveba*
'sa"uTnoSi mdebare sasin$i dioptris saSualebiT# Semowmdes eletrowredi.
yumbarsatyorcnis eletruli wredis SemowmebisaTvis# sa+iroa gai%os sa"eti# 5aisvas
Idioptri 'sasin$iE da dai"etos sa"eti# amis Semdeg Seyendes eletrosasroli meanizmi
da daiSvas sasxleti. Tu eletrowredi gamarTulia# naTura ainTeba*
' Semowmdes samiznis verti"aluri da Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmebi#
(mnevara meanizmebi unda trialebdes advilad da mdored)*
' davrwmundeT# rom samizneebi mocemuli yumbarsatyorcnisaa# amisaTvis sa+iroa
Sedardes samiznis nomrebi yumbarsatyorcnis !ormularSi na5veneb nomrebTan*
' Semowmdes samizneebi da maTi "ronSteinze damagrebis saimedooba. opti"uri
samizneebis gamarTulobis SemowmebisaTvis# daTvalierdes aris Tu ara masze bzarebi#
na"awrebi# da +u+yi* Semowmdes TvalTvalis da xedvis areSi aris Tu ara wertilebi#
romlebic xels uSlis damiznebas* Semowmdes temperaturuli Sesworebis meanizmis
muSaobis gamarTuloba. is unda muSaobdes Zaldatanebis gareSe da :sirdebodes
dadgenil mdgomareobaSi* Semowmdes badis ganaTebis gamarTuloba. meani"uri
samizneebis Semowmebisas davrwmundeT# rom ar aris ga%unuli samiznis niSani da
samiznis Tamasa. samiznis niSani da Tamasa Seyovnebis gareSe unda gadadiodes da
:sirdebodes salaSro mdgomareobidan sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi*
' Semowmdes samiznis ganaTebis sistema*
' Semowmdes borblebiani savali nawilis gamarTuloba*
42
' Semowmdes sa"uTnos mTlianoba da gamarTuloba.
43. gasrolebi mowmdeba srolis win da meTauris miTiTebiT. gasrolebis Semowmebisas
Semowmdes# aris Tu ara gareTa dazianeba am!eTze# +urvis zeda nawilze# reatiuli
Zravis milze -9# saSenis blo"ze# denTis muxtze.
srolisaTvis im gasrolebis gamoyeneba, romlebsac a)vT garegani
dazianebebi, &ategoriulad a&r*alulia.
44. yumbarsatyorcnis srolisaTvis momzadeba warmoebs srolis dros# misi
Seu!erxebeli muSaobis uzrunvelyo:s mizniT.
yumbarsatyorcnis srolisaTvis momzadebisaTvis sa+iroa)
' gaiwmindos# daTvalierdes da SeizeTos yumbarsatyorcni*
' Semowmdes yumbarsatyorcnis nawilebisa da meanizmebis muSaoba*
' daTvalierdes samizneebi# sa+iroebis SemTxvevaSi gaiwmindos damcavi SuSebi*
' srolis dawyebis win mSralad gaiwmindos lulis arxi# Semowmdes gasrolebi da denTis
muxtebi.
Tavi 9I
yumbarsatyorcnis samizne mowyobilobebis gasworeba.
4. yumbarsatyorcns# romelic aris vedanayo!Si# unda Condes gamarTuli da
Semowmebuli samizne mowyobilobebi.
samizne mowyobilobebis gasworeba warmoebs)-
' vedanayo!Si yumbarsatyorcnis mi%ebisTanave*
' pirveli gasrolis win da yoveli .-1 gasrolis Semdeg*
' yumbarsatyorcnis remontis Semdeg*
' srolis dros damiznebis wertilidan sagrZnobi gadaxris a%mo5enisas. sabrZolo
momedebebis dros samizne mowyobilobebis gasworeba sruldeba periodulad.
samizne mowyobilobebis gasworebas xelmZ%vanelobs gaTvlis meTauri (oceulis
meTauri).
4!. samizneebis -9 da -9 gasworeba warmoebs (nax. .1) gasasworebeli
samizniT# daSorebul wertilze# xolo meani"uri samiznis ' gasasworebeli samizniT.
43
nax. 3. gasasworebeli samizne)
1- yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebis werili* &- pirdapiri damiznebis samiznis
damiznebis wertili* .- %amis samiznis damiznebis wertili* 0- gancal"evebuli
samiznis damiznebis xazi* 1- meani"uri samiznis damiznebis wertili
yumbarsatyorcnis mosamzadeblad samizne mowyobilobebis
gasworebisaTvis sa:iroa%
' yumbarsatyorcni Corizontalur moedanze sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi davayenoT*
' wvrili Za: =lulis tu5is na"awrebSi $varedinad davamagroT*
' gavxsnaT sa"eti# 5avayenoT dioptri da dav"etoT sa"eti*
' samiznis temperaturis Sesworebis meanizmebi davayenoT nulze*
' davayenoT lulis sa"ontrolo moedanze "vadranti da mivani+oT lulas Corizontaluri
mdgomareoba*
' "uTxeebis damiznebis meanizmi nulovan mdgomareobaSi davayenoT*
' ganivi da grZivi Tarazoebis buStulebi saSualo mdgomareobaSi davayenoT. grZivi
Tarazos s"alis "awrula I/E da I./Eunda daemTxves s"alas# romelic datanilia indesze.
Tu "awrula I/E ar daemTxva indess# aucilebelia# rom mnevaras dasamagrebeli sami
xraxni amovxraxnoT erTi bruniT da indesi SevusabamoT I/E-s. Tu danayo:E./E ar
daemTxva indess# aucilebelia dasamagrebeli xraxni erTi bruniT amovxraxnoT da
indesis niSnula SevusabamoT I./E-s. amis Semdeg 5avxraxnoT xraxnebi.
4$. gasasworebeli samizniT samizne mowyobilobebis gasworebisaTvis sa+iroa)
' davayenoT gasasworebeli samizne yumbarsatyorcnis win# 1/ metrSi# TvalTvalis
sibrtyis perpendi"ularulad*
' SevamowmoT) gasasworebeli samiznis xazis verti"aluroba Sveulis meSveobiT*
' sasin$i dioptris naxvretidan gaxedviT# damiznebis meanizmebis meSveobiT lulis
$varedini# SevuTavsoT gasasworebel samizneze yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebis wertilis
$vars.
' pirdapiri damiznebis samiznis gasworebis dros# sa+iroa davayenoT opti"uri
samiznis badis gadamrTveli >"umulaciurE mdgomareobaSi da SevamowmoT nulovani
damiznebis xazi# e.i emTxveva Tu ara samiznis badis niSani I3E gasasworebel
samiznis damiznebis wertilis $vars. im SemTxvevaSi Tu damTxveva ar aris#
saregulirebeli xraxnebis moZraobiT sima%leze da gverdiTi mimarTulebiT# samiznis
badis I3E niSani SevuTavsoT gasasworebel samizneze# samiznis damiznebis wertilis
$vars*
( davayenoT opti"uri samiznis badis gadamrTveli ImsxvrevadE() mdgomareobaSi*
SevamowmoT daemTxveva Tu ara samiznis badis I3E niSani# gasasworebeli samiznis
damiznebis wertili $vars. cdomileba SesaZlebelia ara umetes /'/1-isa nebismieri
mimarTulebiT# Tu damTxveva /-/1-ze metia# sa+iroa opti"uri samizne gaigzavnos
saartilerio saremonto saxelosnoSi Sesabamisi do"umendaciis ga!ormebiT.
1 gancal&evebuli samiznis Semowmeba% "uTxsazomis doluris moZraobiT#
gancal"evebuli damiznebis samiznis verti"aluri xazi SevuTavsoT gancal"evebuli
damiznebis samiznis xazis niSnuls. am dros "uTxsazomi unda iyos I/E# rgolis s"alaze
I./?. Tu danayo: I/E ar emTxveva "awrulis indess# sa+iroa amovxraxnoT erTi
bruniT +an+i"i# SevuTavsoT danayo: I/E "awrulis indess da movu+iroT +an+i"i* Tu
danayo: I./E ar daemTxva "awrulis indess# sa+iroa amoxraxnoT erTi bruniT ori
xraxni# SevuTavsoT s"alis danayo: I./E "awrulis indess da movu+iroT xraxnebi.
1 SevamowmoT me)ani&uri samizne) samiznis calu%i davayenoT danayo! I0E-ze
da davrwmundeT# rom damiznebis xazi ar gadis gasasworebeli samiznis TeTri rgolis
gareT. damiznebis xazis TeTri rgolis niSnulis gareT gasvlisas# davareguliroT samiznis
niSani verti"alur mdgomareobaSi(5avxraxnoT an amovxraxnoT)# agreTve Corizontalur
mdgomareobaSi mcocaris gadaagdilebiT# dama"mayo:lebeli Sedegisas# mcocara
davamagroT.
4'. opti"uri samiznis -9 gasworeba daSorebuli wertilze warmoebs Semdegi
TanmimdevrobiT)
44
' yumbarsatyorcni movamzadoT ise# rogorc mocemulia 02-e puntSi*
' sasin$i dioptris naxvretidan gavxedoT lulis $vara"s da SevuTavsoT wertils# romelic
yumbarsatyorcnidan arana"leb <// metris daSorebiT mdebareobs*
' SevamowmoT nulovani damiznebis xazi* samiznis niSnuli I3E "umulaciur badeze
>? da msxvrevad badeze IE unda daemTxves lulis damiznebis wertils#
cdomileba SeiZleba ara umetes /-/1-isa nebismieri mimarTulebiT# xolo "umulaciuri
badis cdomileba dauSvebelia*
' gancal"evebuli samiznis verti"aluri xazi unda daemTxves yumbarsatyorcnis lulis
damiznebis werils.
daSorebul wertilze pirdapiri damiznebis samiznis $vara"i da gancal"evebuli
damiznebis samiznis verti"aluri xazis acdenis SemTxvevaSi# gasworeba mimdinareobs
igive TanmimdevrobiT# rogorc gasasworebel samizneze gasworebisas.
4#. samizne "#"is gasworeba mimdinareobs iseTive TanmimdevrobiT# rogorc
pirdapiri damiznebis samizne -9-is# garda amisa damatebiT sa+iroa)
' Su-:ltris gadamrTveli davayenoT mdgomareobaSi >&E*
' ar gava%oT dia!ragmis sarveli# 5avrToT samiznis Zabva da o"ularidan TvalTvaliT
davayenoT s"alis normaluri si"aS"aSe*
' davayenoT dia!ragmis gamomavali xvrelis sidide ise# rom mi%weuli iyos damiznebis
wertilis "argi xedva*
' gasaworebel samizneze samiznis gasworebisas# badis niSnuli E3E unda emTxveodes
samiznis $vara"s*
' samizne -9-is badis niSani unda emTxveodes %amis samiznis $vara"s#
gasaworebel samizneze acdenis SemTxvevaSi# SevuTavsoT gasaworebeli +an+i"ebiT*
' samizne -9-is gasasworeblad daSorebul wertilze xelmZ%vaneloben punt 0<-is
Tanaxmad.
gaxsovdT, rom &aS&aSa sinaTlem Sei*leba ele)tro"opti&uri gardam)mneli
gamoiyvanos mwyobridan.
samizneebis gasworebis Semdeg# temperaturis Sesworebis meanizmi davayenoT
Sesabamis temperaturaze# rac srolis warmoebis dros aris sa+iro.
meore nawili
yumbarsatyorcnidan cecxlis warmoeba. srolis wesebi.
Tavi 9II
sacecxle poziciis da&aveba. cecxlis warmoebis Tanmimdevroba da
sacecxle poziciis Secvla.
zogadi debulebebi
.. adgilmdebareobidan da mowinaa%mdegis cecxlidan gamomdinare# srola
yumbarsatyorcnidan warmoebs mwoliare da 5amuxlul(m$domare) mdgomareobaSi.
mowinaa%mdegis cecxlisgan da!arvisa da Seni%bisaTvis gamoiyeneba
adgilmdebareobis na"ecebi# sxvadasxva adgilobrivi sagnebi# sangrebi#
sangarsavalebi# +urvebis a!eTebis Sedegad warmomnil ormoebi. am
SemTxvevebSi srola warmoebs m$domare mdgomareobidan.
yumbarsatyorcnis gaTvla srolis dros unda iyos muzaradSi 2(a-xutSi3, xolo
damteni amasTanave xelTaTmaniT.
1. saswavlo situaciaSi srola sabr*olo gasrolebiT Se;avnuli miznebze,
warmoebs mxolod sangridan an sxva TavSesa-ridan, radgan namsxvrevebi
;avSnidan da TviT gasrolidan Sesa*lebelia gai-antos 1."2..m"mde. xalxi,
3.. metrze axlos miznidan, TavSesa-ris gareSe ar unda imyo-ebodes.
2. srolis warmarTvisaTvis# yumbarsatyorcnis gaTvla i"avebs# an sa+iroebis
SemTxvevaSi moawyobs sacecxle pozicias. yumbarsatyorcnis satransporto
saSualebebisTvis iZebneba iseTi adgilmdebareoba# romelic daculia mowinaa%mdegis
45
rogorc saxmeleTo# ise saCaero TvalTvalisagan da uzrunvelyo!s transportis
gawertilebas.
3. sacecxle poziciis Ser5evisas sa+iroa gaviTvaliswinoT# rom gasrolis dros
sa&etis sa)Senidan gamoityorcneba denTis airebis *lieri na&adi da masTan
erTad muxtis dar(enili daumwvari nar(enebi. a)edan gamomdinare, srolis,
datenvis da ganmuxtvis dros yumbarsatyorcnis u&an 3. m man*ilze #.
gradusian se)torSi ar unda imyo-ebodes piradi Semadgenloba, gasrolebi,
asa-eT)ebeli da aalebadi nivTierebebi. yumbarsatyorcnis u&an $ m
daSorebiT ar unda iyos verti&aluri &edeli. am moTxovnebis da&mayo,leba
gansa&uTrebiT, +amiTaa sa:iro. srolis mimarTulebiT ar unda iyos
adgilobrivi sagnebi, romelsac Sei*leba, Seexos yumbara.
4. sacecxle pozicia winaswar# an da"avebis Semdeg ewyoba. winaswar mowmdeba
cecxlis warmoebis SesaZlebloba mocemul setorSi an mis mimarTulebiT. amisaTvis
yumbarsatyorcns TanmimdevrobiT vumiznebT sxvadasxva adgilobriv sagnebs.
Semdeg warmoebs adgilis da srolis setoris gawmenda# ewyoba da ini%beba sangari#
ewyoba samalavi gaTvlisaTvis da mzaddeba sangari sabrZolo masalebisTvis.
. usa!rTxoebis wesebi# romlis drosac cecxlis warmoeba a"rZalulia)
' SaliTis gareSe yumbarsatyorcnis lulis saxazino nawilis miyrdnoba sagnebze da
miwaze.
srolis warmoeba yumbarsatyorcnidan romlis lula dabinZurebulia +u+yiT(mtvriT)#
TovliT d. a. S*
' sasxleti meanizmis datoveba srolis Semdeg Seyenebul mdgomareobaSi*
' piradi Semadgenlobis srolebze daSveba# romlebmac sustad ician yumbarsatyorcnis
da gasrolebis materialuri nawili# srolis da usa!rTxoebis wesebi# ar avT prati"uli
unar5vevebi srolis var$iSSi.
gasrolebTan mopyrobis dros sa:iroa davicvaT Semdegi wesebi%
' ar davuSvaT yumbaris# denTis muxtis da gasrolis davardna*
' ar gamoviyenoT srolisaTvis sabrZolo yumbarebi# yumbarebi inertuli a%+urvilobiT#
agreTve denTis muxtebi# romlebsac avs de!ormirebuli stabilizatoris !rTebi d. a. S.*
'gadavitanoT yumbarebi da denTis muxtebi mxolod misTvis gan"uTvnil SaliTebSi an
Se!uTul mdgomareobaSi*
' SevinaxoT yumbarebi da denTis muxtebi sacecxle poziciaze za!xulisas 5rdilSi# raTa
davicvaT isini mzis sxivebis zemomedebisagan*
' davicvaT yumbarebi da denTis muxtebi sisvelisa da nestisagan*
' gavxsnaT yumbaris celo!nis tomara# denTis muxtis saTavso mxolod srolis win. im
SemTxvevaSi# Tu momzadebuli gasrola ar ineba gamoyenebuli# gavaTavisu;oT
denTis muxti yumbarisagan da 5avdoT isev saTavsoSi*
( damcavi 5a5i movxsnaT am!eTidan mxolod datenvis win# Tu yumbara ar ineba
gamoyenebuli# 5amovacvaT am!eTis saTao nawilze damcavi 5a5i da davamagroT
TasmiT. Tasmebi inaxeba srolis damTavrebamde*
( wvimaSi da Zlier TovlcvenaSi am!eTis saTao nawilidan ar movxsnaT damcavi 5a5i.
( a"rZalulia(srolis Semdeg) au!eTebel yumbarebze Sexeba# aseTi yumbarebi
nadgurdeba adgilze*
( sati"ad a"rZalulia vedanayo!ebSi gaumarTavi gasrolebis da misi elementebis
a%dgena.
sacecxle poziciis da&aveba
!. $avSantransportioridan(mananidan) yumbarsatyorcnis 5amosatvirTad gaicema
"omanda >(amotvirTeT yumbarsatyorcniE# gaTvlis momedeba ganisaz%vreba
winaswar meTauris mier* is damo"idebulia satransporto saSualebebze.
$. satransporto saSualebebidan gadmotvirTvis Semdeg# yumbarsatyorcni sacecexle
poziciaze gadaadgildeba gaTvlis meSveobiT# "omandaze Isacecxle pozicia.........
2Senobis nangrevebTan# a!eTebul tan"Tan da a.S.31winE. am "omandaze
yumbarsatyorcni -9 gadaadgildeba salaSro mdgomareobaSi (sur. .2)#
46
yumbarsatyorcni -9 gadaadgildeba xeliT# borbliani savali nawilis meSveobiT.
(sur. .6).
'. sacecxle poziciis da"avebisas gaicema "omanda# romelSic mieTiTeba) srolis
mimarTuleba# cecxlis xazis sima%le# pozicia# romelzec unda iyos yumbarsatyorcni
ganlagebuli* mdgomareoba srolisaTvis. magaliTad) 6srolis mimarTuleba1tyis
uaxloesi &uTxe, minimaluri(masimaluri)sima+liT, mwoliare(da5oili)#
gaTvla1br*olisaTvisE* am "omandaze yumbarsatyorcni gadaCyavT salaSro
mdgomareobidan sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi (sur..2) da (sur..6).
nax. 3!. dazgiani -9 yumbarsatyorcnis gadatana salaSro mdgomareobaSi
nax. 3$. dazgiani -9 yumbarsatyorcnis gadatana salaSro mdgomareobaSi
#. yumbarsatyorcnis sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi gadayvana srolisaTvis cecxlis xazis
minimaluri sima%leze# warmoebs Semdegi wesebiT)
yumbarsatyorcnis
meTauri
memizne damteni mimtani
awevs lulis satu5e
nawils zemoT da
debs SaliTian
saxazino nawils
gruntze.
marcxena xeliT
aTavisu;ebs wina
!exis mom+ers#
mar$vena xeliT
'
mar$vena xeliT i+ers
yumbarsatyorcns
luliT# marcxena
xeliT# aTavisu;ebs
marcxena !exis
'
marcxena xeliT i+ers
yumbarsatyorcns luliT#
mar$vena xeliT#
aTavisu;ebs mar$vena
!exis mom+ers# !exs
5amoixsnis
gasrolebis gadasatan
5anTas da dadebs
miwaze.
Tu sa+iroa cecxlis
dauyovneblivi gaxsna
5anTidan i%ebs
yumbaras denTis
47
dawevs mas cotaTi
vemoT da awevs
mas sa"etelas
sabr$enamde#
Semdeg amagrebs
!exs mom+eriT
i"avebs adgils
yumbarsatyorcnis
mar$vniv an marcxniv
aris mimarTulebidan
1/ -&/ metris
daSorebiT. Tvalyurs
adevnebs gaTvlis
momedebas da
brZolis vels.
mom+ers# !exs
gaSlis marcxniv
bolomde da
amagrebs
mom+eriT
amoi%ebs budidan
samiznis da
ganaTebis sistemas
(sa+iroebisas)
daamagrebs da
amzadebs
srolisaTvis samizne
mowyobilobebs da
ganaTebis sistemas
gaSlis mar$vniv
bolomde da amagrebs
mom+eriT
dawevs lulis satu5e
nawils dabla da dadebs
yumbarsatyorcns
dazgis !exebze.
xsnis SaliTebs lulis
satu5e da saxazino
nawilebidan debs maT
yumbarsatyorcnidan
&-. metrSi (mimtanTan
axlos)* rwmundeba#
rom sasxleti meanizmi
daSvebulia# 5axmaxi
dgas mcvelze*
emzadeba
yumbarsatyorcnis
dasamuxtad.
muxts da
moamzadebs
gasrolas(miuerTebs
yumbaras denTis
muxts)
'
'
!.. yumbarsatyorcnis salaSro mdgmareobidan sabrZoloSi gadayvana cecxlis xazis
masimalur sima%leze# warmoebs iseTive TanmimdevrobiT# rogorc mocemulia 19-e
puntSi# Semdegi gamoricxviT)
' yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri yumbarsatyorcns saxazino nawiliT debs Zirs da uSvebs
wina teles"opur !exs bolomde*
' damteni lulis wina nawilis daSvebamde mar$vena xeliT uSvebs u"ana !exebis
mom+eris blo"irebis sa5ers.
yumbarsatyorcnis dasayeneblad msxvrevadi yumbarebiT Sor manZilze srolisaTvis
sa+iroa)
' davayenoT yumbarsatyorcni cecxlis xazis masimalur sima%leze*
' gamovwioT wina !exis Sida mili.
!1. yumbarsatyorcnis cecxlis xazis Sualeduri sima%leze an Corizontirebisas
uswormasworo adgilmdebareobaze dasayeneblad# memiznem da damtenma SeiZleba
Secvalon yumbarsatyorcnis !exebis mdgomareoba sima%leze. am dros sa+iroa
dai+iron yumbarsatyorcni luliT. yurad%eba unda mieces# rom u"ana !exebi iyos
bolomde gaweuli.
yumbarsatyorcnis -9 sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi gadayvanamde SesaZlebelia
moixsnas borbliani savali nawili# yumbarsatyorcnis sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi
moyvanis Semdeg# gaTvla mii%ebs mdgomareobas IsrolisaTvis7.
!2. cecxlis warmoebisaTvis gaTvla ganlagdeba yumbarsatyorcnTan ise# rogorc
na5venebia nax. .<-ze# yumbarsatyorcnis sxva mimarTulebiT Semobrunebisas
gaTvla# saxi!aTo zonis gaTvaliswinebiT# icvlis adgilmdebareobas# Sesabamisad
gadaadgildeba sabrZolo "ompletic. (gasrolebi).
48
sur..<. gaTvlis nomrebis ganlagebis sema yumbarsatyorcnidan srolis dros)
1-yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri* &-memizne* .-damteni* 0-mimtani* s8m- sabrZolo
masalebi.
!3. yumbarsatyorcnidan srolas gaTvla axdens sxvadasxva mdgomareobidan#
5amuxluli srolis dros# piradi iara%i gaTvlas avs mdgomareobaSi IzurgzeE#
!exzemdgomi an mwoliare mdgomareobaSi srolisas# gaTvlas SeuZlia iara%i moixsnas
da dados miwaze.
!4. gaTvlis nomrebis mdgomareoba mwoliare srolisas na5venebia sur..9-ze.
sur. .9. gaTvlis nomrebis mdgomareoba cecxlis warmoebisas mwoliare
mdgomareobaSi
yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri# rogorc wesi# wevs yumbarsatyorcnis marcxena
mxares 1/'&/ metris daSorebiT. gverdiTi aris dros# is ganTavsdeba im mxares#
saidanac ari uberavs.
memizne yumbarsatyorcnis marcxena# xolo damteni' mar$vena mxares wevs#
yumbarsatyorcnis lulis mimarTulebis pirdapir# TiTmis marTi "uTxiT.
mimtani ganTavsdeba yumbarsatyocnidan mar$vniv &'. metris daSorebiT.
$aSantransportioris (mananis) mZ%oli imyo!eba mananasTan sa!arSi# mudmiv
mzadyo!naSi transportis yumbarsatyorcnTan misawodeblad.
da5oili srolisas# gaTvlis nomrebi ganlagdeba yumbarsatyorcnidan ise# rogorc
na5venebia sur. 0/-ze. yumbarsatyorcnidan -9 SesaZlebelia srola vawarmooT
borbliani savali nawilis moxsnis gareSe.
49
sur. 0/. gaTvlis nomrebis mdgomareoba cecxlis warmoebisas da5oil
mdgomareobaSi

nax. 4.. yumbarsatyorcnis datenvis elementebi)
a- sa"etis gaxsna* b- yumbaris saTave nawilis Sedeba lulis saxazino nawilSi* g-
gasrolis Segzavna.
50
cecxlis warmoebis wesi
!. cecxlis gasaxsnelad gaicema "omanda# romelSic mieTiTeba) gasrolis tipi
(yumbara)* miznis dasaxeleba da misi Tvisebebi (daxasiaTeba)* mimarTuleba mizanze*
"ora* damiznebis wertili. magaliTad) /&umulaciuriT, orientiri meore, marcxniv 1,
tan&i, '. miznis )veS 1 cecxli0 damiznebis wertili SeiZleba ar mieTiTos im
SemTxvevaSi# Tu damizneba xdeba miznis centrSi.
moZraobis mimarTulebis da gverdiT arze Sesworebis a%saricxavad mieTiTeba
Sesworeba miznis :gurebSi an aTaseulebSi samiznis gverdiTi mar"ebis gamoyenebiT.
magaliTad) /msxvrevadiT, orientiri pirveli, )vemexi bu()ebSi, naxevari ,guriT
mar;vniv 1 cecxli0. /&umulaciuriT, pirvel tan&ze, $, marcxniv 1. 2an
mar;vnidan meore mar&a3 1cecxli0.
!!. yumbarsatyorcnis datenva xorcieldeba pirvel "omandaze# cecxlis warmoebisas "i
' yoveli gasrolis Semdeg "omandamde >sde?
yumbarsatyorcnis dasatenad%
1 damteni# a%ebs sa"ets (nax. 01#a)# amisTvis 5am"eti meanizmis saxelurs
marcxena xeliT# u"an mib$enamde Semoabrunebs*
' mimtani# i%ebs momzadebul gasrolas da miavs damtenTan* damtenis mier Tamasis
gamoZrobamde da damcavi 5a5is moxsnamde# mimtani i"avebs gasrolas xelSi#
gadascems damtens gasrolas da amzadebs Semdegs*
' damteni i+ers gasrolas marcxena xeliT# mar$vena xeliT aZrobs Tamasas da damcav
5a5s(wvimis da Tovlis dros 5a5i ar ixsneba)* mii%ebs mimtanisagan gasrolas# !rTxilad
aTavsebs yumbaris saTao nawils lulis saxazino nawilSi (nax. 01#b) da awveba gasrolas
win mib$enamde (nax. 01#g)* daxuravs sa"ets# risTvisac marcxena xeliT miabrunebs
5am"eti meanizmis saxelurs mar$vniv da win* amis Semdeg gadaadgildeba
eletrosasroli meanizmis saxeluris"en# da mii%ebs usa!rTxo mdgomareobas
(daaxloebiT 9/@-ani "uTxiT lulis mimarTulebiT)* moxsnis 5axmaxs damcvelisgan#
Seayenebs gamSveb meanizms# risTvisac mis saxelurs 5amowevs vemoT
mib$enamde da moaxsenebs >&umulaciuri(!ugasuri) mzadaa0
!$. mizanSi yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebisaTvis, pirdapiri damiznebis
samiznis meSveobiT memizne%
' atrialebs badis gadamrTveli "vanZis mnevaras("viristavs) da ayenebs Sesabamis
bades >? ("umulaciuri)? an >? (msxvrevadi)?*
'sa+iroebis SemTxvevaSi# Caeris temperaturidan gamomdinare# memiznes
Sesworeba temperaturuli Sesworebis meanizmis meSveobiT SeCyavs*
' xu+avs marcxena Tvals# mar$venas miadebs saTvales da mizans o"ulariT uyurebs*
' marcxena xelis mtevans Semoavlebs Corizontaluri damiznebis meanizmis
mnevaras("viristavs)# mar$vena idayviT eyrdnoba miwas# xolo mar$vena xelis
mtevans Semoavlebs verti"aluri damiznebis meanizmis mnevaras("viristavs) ise#
rom cera TiTiT ar Seexos sasxlets*
' mnevarebis("viristavebis) trialiT umiznebs damiznebis wertils# samizne niSnulis
wveros# romelic Seesabameba manZils# gverdiTi aris Sesworebas da miznis
moZraobas.
CaerSi "vamlis gamo5enis da cudi ganaTebis dros# memizne gamoiyenebs %ia
narin$is!er Su:ltrs# xolo "aS"aSa mzis an Tvalismom+reli Tovlis dros ' neitraluri
Su:ltrs. Sebindebisas da %amiT srolis dros# memizne rTavs ganaTebis.
!'. yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebisas mizanSi, me)ani&uri samiznis
gamoyenebiT memizne%
' gadaxsnis samiznes da aswevs "oras*
' ayenebs temperaturis Sesworebis sa+iro s"alis danayo!ebs*
' ayenebs samiznis xunds da samiznis "oris nabrZaneb danayo!s*
' damiznebis meanizmis mnevaras moZraobiT# i%ebs egreT wodebul >swor niSans?
da SeuTavsebs mas damiznebis wertils.
51
!#. yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebisas mizanSi, gancal&evebuli damiznebis
samizniT, damxmare wertilis gamoyenebiT memizne%
' damiznebis "uTxis doluris meanizmis moZraobiT# ayenebs nabrZaneb "oras*
' gverdiTi Tarazos meanizmis moZraobiT ayenebs nabrZaneb Tarazos*
' yumbarmtyorcnis amwevi meanizmis saSualebiT (moZraobiT) miyavs gverdiTi
Tarazos buStula Sua mdgomareobaSi*
' "uTxesazomis saxelurize da+eriT# miaxloebiT ayenebs s"alaze nabrZaneb "uTxes#
mdored uSvebs saxelurs da zustad ayenebs "uTxes*
' yumbarsatyorcnis mobrunebis meanizmis brunviT# viziris $vara"is verti"alur xazs
SeuTavsebs damiznebis wertils. am dros Tarazos buStulebi unda iyos Sua
mdgomareobaSi. Tu Tarazos buStulebi gadaadgilda# maSin (ganivi anaobis# amwe da
mabrunebeli meanizmebis) dolurebis brunviT Tarazos buStulebi unda dabrundes Sua
mdgomareobaSi.
adgilmdebareobaze damiznebis wertilad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT) d%isiT'uZravi "argad
xilvadi sagnebi# %amiT'eletro sayeebi. memizne samizne mowyobilobis dayenebebis
"omandebs imeorebs sawyis monacemebis Sesrulebis momentSi# pirvel gasrolamde#
SemdgomSi mxolod monacemebis Secvlis dros.
$.. yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri# mii%ebs ra moxsenebas ,,&umulaciuriT (!ugasuriT)
mzadaa<< da da darwmundeba imaSi# rom gaTvla imyo!eba usa!rTxo zonaSi# gascems
"omandas ,,cecxli.<<
$1. memizne "omandaze ,,cecxli<<# xmama%la a!rTxilebs gaTvlas "omandiT'
,,gasrola<<# a+ers 5axmaxs da isvris. yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebis Semowmeba da
gasworeba aucilebelia yoveli gasrolis win.
$2. damteni gasrolis Semdeg ayenebs 5axmaxs damyenze da swra!ad a%ebs sa"ets
(5am"ets)# am dros gamovardeba mila"iani dia!ragma. arasruli gamovardnis
SemTxvevaSi# damteni aucileblad xelTaTmaniani xeliT aSorebs mas.
$3. "omandaze /&ora meti (na"lebi) amdeni da amdeni0 an /&ora amdeniT,0
memizne# gazrdis (daa"lebs) nabrZaneb danayo!s# an gamoiyenebs nabrZaneb
samizne mar"as.
"omandaze /daumizne zemoT (vemoT) amdeni",guriT0 memizne cvlis
damiznebis wertils miznis sima%leze nabrZanebi mimarTulebiT. miznis
yumbarsatyorcnamde (11/-&// m-iT) miaxloebis SemTxvevaSi# yumbarsatyorcni
daemizneba miznis daucvel adgils. "omandaze /mar;vniv (marcxniv) .".0, an
/mar;vniv (marcxniv) naxevar,guriT (erTi :guriT)#? memiznes gadaavs
damiznebis mar"a mar$vniv (marcxniv)# nabrZanebi SesworebiT da mimarTulebiT.
$4. gasrolis saxeobis# "oris an samiznis s"alis Sesacvlelad arasworad gacemuli
"omandis SemTxvevaSi# gaicema "omanda /sde), &ora ("uTxemzomi# gverdiT
Sesworeba) dastove.0 amis Semdeg gaicema sa+iro "omanda. sa+iroebis
SemTxvevaSi# im "omandis Sesa5ereblad# romelic exeba miznebis wertilis Secvlas#
gaicema "omanda) /sde), daumizne a) da a).0
$. im SemTxvevaSi# roca sa+iroa Semowmdes gaTvlis (gaTvlebis) muSaoba#
gaicema "omanda /gaTvla (gaTvlebi) sde), yumbarsatyorcnis xazze, amdeni
metriT yumbarsatyorcnidan dade)=0 am "omandaze gaTvla (gaTvlebi) ewyoba
yumbarsatyorcnidan mar$vniv (marcxniv)# erT mw"rivSi. Semowmebis damTavrebis
Semdeg gaicema "omanda /gaTvla (gaTvlebi) ' yumbarsatyorcnTan
(yumbarsatyorcnebTan.)?
$!. srola 5erdeba "omandaze /sde),0 im SemTxvevaSi# Tu mas ar moCyva srolis
gagrZelebis "omanda da yumbarsatyorcni isev datenilia# memizne axsenebs*
/yumbarmtyorcni datenilia0- da momedebs yumbarsatyorcnis meTauris miTiTebis
mixedviT.
$$. yumbarsatyorcnis ganmuxtvisaTvis gaicema "omanda /ganmuxteT.0 am
"omandaze damteni 5axmaxs damcvelze ayenebs# mdoreT a%ebs sa"ets# gamoavs
gasrola lulidan da "etavs sa"ets. im SemTxvevaSi# Tu gamSvebi meanizmi
52
Seyenebulia# maSin ganmuxtvis Semdeg damteni xsnis 5axmaxis damcvels# memizne
mas ganmuxtavs# xolo Semdeg damteni ayenebs mcvelze.
$'. srolis dros gamouyenebel gasrolebs mimtani awyobs 5anTaSi an yuTSi. winaswar
is xsnis denTis muxtebs yumbarebidan.
gasrolidan denTis muxtis mosaxsnelad sa+iroa avi%oT gasrola marcxena xeliT*
davi+iroT muxti mar$vena xelSi# cera da sa5venebeli TiTebiT gadavwioT sa5eri
bolomde# SemovabrunoT muxti# gavacal"evoT muxti yumbarisagan da 5avdoT
budeSi.
$#. gaTvlis nomrebis sa!arSi dasamalavad gaicema "omanda >sa-arSi.0 am
"omandaze sacecxle poziciaze myo: piradi Semadgenloba imaleba TxrilebSi#
sangarsavalebSi# blindaBebSi da a.S.
piradi Semadgenlobis gamoZaxeba xdeba "omandiT /gaTvla (gaTvlebi) '
yumbarsatyorcTan (yumbarsatyorcnebTan)? an >pirveli(meore# mesame da a.S3
gaTvla 1 yumbarsatyorcTan0.
sacecxle poziciebis Secvla
'.. sacecxle poziciis Secvlis win yumbarsatyorcni unda iyos ganmuxtuli.
damuxtuli yumbarsatyorcnis gadaadgileba a&r*alulia.
gaTvlis meSveobiT# yumbarsatyorcnis gadaadgileba axal sacecxle poziciaze# xdeba
"omandiT >sacecxle pozicia a)a da a) 1 win0. am "omandaze# Tu garemoeba
saSualebas iZleva# yumbarsatyorcni -9 gadaadgildeba sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi (nax. 0.)# xolo -9 ' sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi# xeliT# savali
nawilis meSveobiT. (nax. 00)

nax. 43. dazgiani yumbarsatyorcn -9-is gadatana sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi.
53
nax. 44. dazgiani yumbarsatyorcn -9-is gadatana sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi.
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi# axal sacecxle poziciaze yumbarsatyorcnis gadaadgileba
SesaZlebelia moxdes xoxviT (nax. 01# 02).
nax. 4. dazgiani yumbarsatyorcn -9-is gadaadgileba xoxviT# sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi.
nax. 4!. dazgiani yumbarsatyorcn -9-is gadaadgileba xoxviT sabrZolo
mdgomareobaSi.
'1. yumbarsatyorcnis sabrZolo mdgomareobidan salaSroSi gadasayvanad# gaicema
"omanda /gasayrisi.0
yumbarsatyorcnis gadayvana salaSro mdgomareobaSi# im SemTxvevaSi# roca igi
Sesa!uT yuTebSi# $avsantransportioriT unda iyos gadatanili# sa+iroa)
1. moixsnas ganaTebis sistema da 5aidos budeSi*
&. samizneze unda iyos nulovani dayenebebi*
.. moixsnas samizne# gaiwmindos da 5aidos budeSi# bude 5aidos yuTSi*
0. 5aidos yuTSi sa"uTno da gasrolebis gadasatani 5anTebi*
1. davrwmundeT# rom sa"eti da"etilia*
2. 5amoecvas SaliTebi lulis satu5e da saxazino nawilebs*
6. dai"ecos dazga salaSro mdgomareobisaTvis# risTvisac)
' davayenoT lula damiznebis meanizmebiT Sualedur mdgomareobaSi*
' davasa5eroT lula dazgaze sa5eriT# salaSro mdgomareobaSi*
' dav"ecoT wina !exis SigniTa mili(Tu is iyo gamoweuli)# gavaTavisu;oT wina !exis
mom+eri da gamovrToT sa"etela# avwioT !exi zemoT bolomde da davamagroT
mom+eris saxeluriT*
' davdoT yumbarsatyorcni saxazino nawiliT gruntze*
' mivitanoT da SemovabrunoT u"ana !exebi zemoT# davamagroT isini !exebis
mom+erebis saxelurebiT* Tu yumbarsatyorcni dayenebulia araminimalur cecxlis
sima%lis xazze# maSin !exebis mobrunebamde# gavaTavisu;oT u"ana !exebis
54
mom+eri blo"is saxeluri# amisTvis blo"i movabrunoT vemoT mibr$enamde*
davamagroT u"ana !exebis blo"i.
<. 5avdoT yumbarsatyorcni yuTSi da davamagroT.
SeniSvna% yumbarsatyorcn -9-is salaSro mdgomareobaSi gadasayvanad#
damatebiT sa+iroa borbliani savali nawilis (Tu is mierTebulia) moxsna da misi yuTSi
5adeba.

Tavi 9III
yumbarmtyorcnidan srolis wesebi
'2. brZolaSi sacecxle amocanebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis aucilebelia)
' mowinaa%mdegis tan"ebis# TviTmaval-saartilerio danadgarebis# gamSvebi
mowyobilobebis da sxva miznebis ZiriTadi monacemebisa da susti adgilebis codna*
' Seuwyveteli da"virveba brZolis velze da miznis droulad a%mo5ena*
' srolisaTvis sawyisi monacemebis swra!ad da zustad momzadeba*
' d%e-%amis ganmavlobaSi# yvelanairi garemoebis dros# miznebze cecxlis sworad
warmarTva*
' srolis Sedegebze da"virveba da misi sworad "oretireba*
' brZolaSi gasrolebis raodenobaze da"virveba da maTi droulad Sevseba.
br*olaSi da&virveba da mizan(veneba
'3. mowinaa%mdegis ganlagebis# momedebis# ZiriTadad tan"ebis# TviTmavali-
saartilerio danadgarebis# gamSvebi danadgarebis# $avSantransportiorebis da sxva
$avSanmiznebis# agreTve cocxali Zalisa da sacecxle saSualebebis droulad a%mo5enis
mizniT# sa+iroa da"virvebebis warmoeba. garda amisa# aucilebelia gaTvla
a"virdebodes oceulis meTauris niSnebs (signalebs) da sa"uTar cecxlis Sedegebs.
gaTvla brZolis velze da"virvebas Seuiara%ebeli TvaliT awarmoebs. garda amisa#
yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri uTvalTvalebs durbindis meSveobiT# xolo memizne (
opti"uri samizniT. durbindi da opti"uri samizne gamoiyeneba garemos cal"euli
mona"veTebis an adgilobrivi sagnebis u!ro detaluri SeswavlisaTvis* amasTan erTad#
zomebi unda ines mi%ebuli# raTa SuSebis mbzinvarebis Sedegad# ar ines Sem5neuli
sa"uTari adgilmdebareoba (samizneze gamoiyeneba sa5rdili).
gansa"uTrebuli yurad%eba unda mieces mowinaa%mdegis mxridan !arul
misadgomebs da tan"saSiS mimarTulebebs. garemoze da"virveba xdeba mar$vnidan
marcxniv# axlo mdebare sagnebidan Sors mdebare sagnebis"en.
TvalTvalisas ar unda gamor5es niSnebi da movlenebi# romlebmac SeiZleba xeli
Seuwyos mowinaa%mdegis a%mo5enas# magaliTad) srola# bzinvareba# mtveri#
Zravebis xmauri# muxluxebis 5xaruni# adgilobrivi sagnebis !ormis da ganlagebis
Secvla da a.S.
%amiT mowinaa%mdegis momedebis da ganlagebis adgilebi SeiZleba dadgenili
iyos xmebis da sinaTlis wyaros daxmarebiT. amitom# %amiT aucilebelia yovelgvar
xmaurze miyuradeba. Tu garemo sa+iro mimarTulebiT aris raime saxis sinaTlis
wyaroTi ganaTebuli# maSin saswra!od unda moxdes ganaTebuli mona"veTis
daTvaliereba.
'4. Sem5neuli miznebis Sesaxeb saswra!od# zepirad unda moxsendes
yumbarsatyorcnis meTaurs. zustad unda ines miTiTebuli maTi adgilmdebareoba.
moxseneba unda iyos mo"le# gasagebi da zusti# magaliTad) 6pirdapir 5 tan&i, #..7
an 6pirveli orientiri, marcxniv 4., ;avSantransportiori sangarSi, $..7.
miznis ar(eva
55
'. yumbarsatyorcnidan da$avSnuli miznebis) tan"ebis# TviTmavali-saartilerio
danadgarebis# $avSantransportiorebze ganlagebuli tan"sawinaa%mdego marTvadi
ra"etebis da a.S. ganadgureba# "umulaciuri yumbarebiT xdeba. msxvrevadi
yumbarebiT xdeba mowinaa%mdegis cocxali Zalis da sacecxle saSualebebis
ganadgureba# romlebic ganTavsebulia %iad# an msubui tipis TavSesa!rebSi.
cal"eul SemTxvevebSi# roca ar arsebobs da$avSnuli miznebi# SeiZleba moxdes
"umulaciuri yumbarebiT im mowinaa%mdegis cocxali Zalis da sacecxle saSualebebis
ganadgureba# romelic imyo!eba aguris# r"inabetonis# xemiwuris nagebobebSi.
brZolis velze miznebi SeiZleba iyos uZravi (romlebic 5ndebian) da moZravi.
'!. brZolisas miznis ar5eva da miTiTeba gaTvlaze# rogorc wesi# xdeba
yumbarsatyorcnis meTauris mier. amitom gaTvlam yurad%ebiT unda usminos da
zustad Seasrulos yvela brZaneba.
Tu erTdroulad ramodenime mizania a%mo5enili# maSin unda moxdes SedarebiT
mniSvnelovani# iseTi miznis ar5eva# romelic sae+vod emureba danayo!s#
romelTanac urTierTmomedebs gaTvla. Tu miznebi erTnairad mniSvnelovania# maSin
unda air5es u!ro axlomdebare.
man*ilis gansaz+vra
'$. miznebamde manZili SeiZleba ganisaz%vros (gaizomos) Tvalis zomiT# opti"uri
samiznis manZilis sazomi s"alis meSveobiT da IaTaseulisE !ormuliT.
adgilobriv sagnebamde (orientirebamde) manZilebis codna aiolebs miznebamde
manZilis gansaz%vras. amis gamo# Tu garemoeba xels ar uSlis# adgilobriv
sagnebamde (orientirebamde) manZilis gansaz%vra unda moxdes u!ro zustad.
''. Tvalis zomiT man*ilis dadgena xdeba im garemos mona"veTebis meSveobiT#
romlebic xilvadobis xarisxiT da miznebis (sagnebis) savaraudo sididiT# m"a:od aisaxa
mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi# agreTve orive saSualebis SedarebiT.
garemos mona&veTebis mixedviT man*ilis gansaz+vrisas aucilebelia raime
5veuli manZili# romelic 5aibe+da mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi# magaliTad gonebiT &//
m. mona"veTi (5amona+eri) gadaizomos sa"uTari Tavidan miznamde (sagnamde).
amasTan erTad# gaTvaliswinebuli unda ines# rom manZilis gazrdasTan erTad#
5amona+eris savaraudo sidide TandaTan "lebulobs.
miznebis savaraudo sididis da xilvadobis xarisxis mixedviT man*ilis
gansaz+vrisas, aucilebelia miznis xilvadi zomebi Seedaros mexsierebaSi 5abe+dil
a%niSnuli miznis xilvad zomebs.
im SemTxvevaSi# Tu adgilobrivi sagnis (orientiris) siaxloves a%mo5enilia mizani#
romlamdec cnobilia manZili# maSin miznamde manZilis gansaz%vrisas
gaTvaliswinebuli unda ines misi adgilobriv sagnamde (orientiramde) daSoreba.
%amiT# ganaTebul miznebamde manZilis gazomva xdeba zustad ise# rogorc d%isiT.
gasrolebis xmebisa da naTebebis mixedviT miznebamde manZilis dasadgenad#
sa+iroa drois mona"veTi wamebSi naTebis gamo5enis momentidan xmis a%mis
momentamde gadamravldes .0/-ze (.0/ m8wm CaerSi bgeris gavrcelebis si5area).
'#. opti&uri samiznis 67"is 2&umulaciuri3 badis man*ilis sazomi s&alis
meSveobiT man*ilis dadgenisas sa+iroa s"alis mizanze ise morgeba# rom mizani
iyos moTavsebuli mTlian Corizontalur da daxril puntirul (wyvetilxazovan) xazebs
Soris (nax. 06.a). s"alis Strixi# romelic ganTavsebulia miznis zemoT# miuTiTebs manZils
miznamde# romlis sima%lec aris &#6 m. Tu miznis sima%le &#6 m-ze u!ro na"lebia
(a%emateba)# aucilebelia s"aliT dadgenil manZils gamova"loT (mivumatoT)
Sesworeba# romelic toli ineba miznis sima%lis gansxvavebis meaTedi metris
namravlisa mudmiv ricxv 0-ze da s"alis ricxvze# romelic moTavsebulia miznis ma%la.
magaliTi% ganisaz%vros manZili mowinaa%mdegis mZime tan"amde# romlis
sima%lea .#& m. im semTxvevaSi# Tu tan"is zeda nawili exeba manZilis sazomi s"alis
puntirul xazs# romelic a%niSnulia ci!ri 1/-iT.
>amoxsna% miznis sima%lis gansxvaveba tolia /#1m-is an 1 meaTedi metris (.#&-
&#6m)* Sesworeba tolia &//m (1meaTedi O 0 O 1/)* manZili miznamde toli ineba
1&//m (1///3&//).
56
nax. 4$. manZilsazom s"alaze manZilebis gansaz%vris magaliTebi)
a- manZilsazom s"alaze67 ("umulaciuri) badeze (daSoreba miznamde <// m)*
b- manZilsazom s"alaze67 (msxvrevadi) badeze (daSoreba miznamde 9// m)*
#.. opti&uri samizniT 67 badis man*ilmzomi s&ala gan"uTvnilia 1#6 m.
miznis sima%leze. manZilis gansaz%vrisaTvis sa+iroa s"alis mizanze ise morgeba#
rom mizani moTavsebuli iyos mTliani Corizontalur da daxril puntirul xazebs Soris
(nax. 06.b). s"alis Strixi# romelic moTavsebulia miznis ma%la# a%niSnavs manZils
miznamde.
samiznis badis manZilsazomi s"alis meSveobiT miznamde manZilis dadgena#
SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin# roca mizani mTlianad 5ans sima%leSi. Tu mizani
sima%leSi arasrulad 5ans# maSin am s"alis meSveobiT manZilis dadgenisas SeiZleba
daiSvas uxeSi Secdomebi (amasTan manZilebi ineba gazrdili).
#1. /aTaseulis7 -ormuliT man*ilis dadgenisas aucilebelia miznis (sagnis) siganis
an sima%lis codna. unda moxdes miznis (sagnis) "uTxis sididis gazomva# ris
Semdegac !ormuliT ganisaz%vros manZili.
magaliTi% mowinaa%mdegis tan"i# romlis siganea .#1 m. 5ans /-/1 "uTxiT. Punda
dadgindes tan"amde manZili.
>amoxsna% ganvsaz%vravT >aTaseulisE !ormuliT.

sadac) ' manZili miznamde* 'miznis zomebi metrebSi* 1 "uTxe romliTac 5ans
mizani
&oris, damiznebis wertilis da samizne niSnis ar(eva
#2. "oris# damiznebis wertilis ar5evisas# agreTve gverdiT arze da miznis
moZraobaze Sesworebebis dadgenisas# aucileblad unda vicodeT)
' garSemo Caeris (gasrolis) temperaturis gadaxra cxrilSi mocemulidan (311
/
5) iwvevs
yumbaris !renis manZilis (vardnis sima%lis) cvlilebas. za!xulSi srolisas zrdis mas#
zamTarSi'amcirebs. amitom# srolis win yumbarsatyorcnis meTaurma memiznes unda
miuTiTos samiznis temperaturis Sesworebebis s"alis dadgena) >/E ( temperaturis
intervalisaTvis 31/-dan -1/
/
5-mde* >3E ( temperaturisTvis 31/
/
5 (s zeviT* >'E - 1/
/
5-s veviT*
' Semxvedri aris# agreTve miwiszeda 61/ mm(ze meti atmos!eruli wnevis dros#
yumbaris !renis manZili (vardnis sima%le) mcirdeba# xolo zurgis aris da 61/ mm-ze
na"lebi wnevis pirobebSi ( izrdeba*
57
? 1... 3, ? 1...

= =

700
@
' gverdiTi ari "umulaciur yumbaras gadaxris im mxares# saidanac ari uberavs. xolo
msxvrevad yumbaras ( aris mimarTulebiT*
' rac u!ro metia miznamde manZili (yumbaris !renis dro)# agreTve miznis moZraobis
si5are# miT u!ro didi unda iyos winswrebis sidide* winswrebis sidide aseve
damo"idebulia miznis moZraobis mimarTulebaze.
srolis cxrilebis gamoyenebisas (danarTi .# 0)# SeiZleba dadgindes 5amoTvlili
!atorebis zemomedeba "oris# damiznebis wertilebis da gverdiT arze mimarTulebis
Sesworebis sididis amor5evaze# agreTve miznis moZraobaze.
#3. u*rav miznebze srolisas sawyisi "ora iniSneba miznamde gansaz%vruli
manZilis 1// m-mde damrgvalebis Sesabamisad.
sawyissad gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi "oris centraluri samizne niSani# Tu ar xdeba
mimarTulebis Sesworebis Seyvana. im SemTxvevaSi# Tu aucilebelia mimarTulebis
Sesworebis Seyvana gverdiT arze da es Sesworeba gaTvaliswinebulia gverdiTi
Sesworebis sa"alis danayo!ebSi# maSin sawyisad gamoiyeneba gansaz%vruli gverdiTi
samizne niSani.
damiznebis sawyisi wertili air5eva miznis SuaSi.
"umulaciuri yumbariT srolisas aucilebelia# srolis cxrilis gamoyenebiT
gaTvaliswinebul ines Sesworeba Caeris (gasrolis) temperaturis nominaluridan
gadaxraze (danarTi .)# da es Sesworeba gamoyenebuli unda iyos sima%leSi
damiznebis wertilis ar5evisas.
pirdapiri damiznebiT msxvrevadi yumbariT srolis dros# nominaluridan Caeris
temperaturis gadaxris Sesworeba umniSvneloa da SeiZleba arc iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.
im SemTxvevaSi# Tu aucilebelia gverdiTi aris zemomedebaze mimarTulebis
Sesworebis Seyvana da es Sesworeba gaTvaliswinebulia miznis moxazulobaSi# maSin
sa+iroa# damiznebisas centraluri samizne niSnis gamoyenebiT# damiznebis wertilis
gamotana gverdiTi mimarTulebiT.
#4. gverdiTi ari mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens yumbaris !renaze. "umulaciuri
yumbaris im gverdze gadaxra# saidanac ari uberavs# aixsneba imiT# rom gverdiTi ari
reatiuli Zravis muSaobisas# momedebs ra yumbaris stabilizatorze# moabrunebs mis
saTave nawils aris"en reatiuli Zalis zemomedebiT# romelic mimarTulia %erZis
gaswvriv# yumbara gadaixreba srolis sibrtyidan im mxares# saidanac ari ris (nax. 0<
a). msxvrevadi yumbara# romelsac ar gaa5nia reatiuli Zrava gadaixreba aris
mimarTulebiT (nax. 0< b).
#. aris mimarTuleba da si5are SeiZleba ganisaz%vros Tvalis zomiT ( piradi
SegrZnebebiT da im da"virvebiT# Tu rogor momedebs ari msubu sagnebze) Za!ze#
cxvirsaxocze# "vamlze# balaxze# xeebis totebze da a.S.# rogorc mocemulia 71 cxrilSi.
#!. gverdiTa arze mimarTulebis Sesworebebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos 7& cxrilis
Sesabamisad# romelic gaTvlilia Zlier arze# si5ariT 1/ m8wm-Si da 9/
/
"uTxiT srolis
sibrtyesTan.
cxrilidan 5ans# rom Zlier gverdiT arze# romelic uberavs 9/
/
-iani "uTxiT srolis
sibrtyeze# mimarTulebis Sesworebis damrgvaleba SeiZleba 5aiTvalos zustad)
58
nax. 4'. gverdiTi aris zemomedeba yumbaris !renaze)
a-"umulaciuri yumbaris* b-msxvrevadi yumbaris
a3 &umulaciuri yumbaris srolis dros%
- gverdiTi Sesworebis s"alis 1 danayo!s 1//-dan 1///m-mde srolisas da /#1
danayo!s ( 0//# 11// da 1&//m-ze srolisas*
- tan"is Sublis proeciis 1 :guras 1//-dan 1&//m-mde srolisas da /#1 :guras (
0//m-ze srolisas*
- tan"is gverdiTa proeciis /#1 :guras 1//-dan 1&//m. manZilze srolisas.
cxrili 1
sagnebi
susti )ari 22"3
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)ari 24"! mAwm3
*lieri )ari 2'"12
mAwm3
59
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umniSvnelod
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umniSvnelod
gadaixreba
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iweleba
ixreba miwis"en
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cxrili 2
b3 pirdapiri damiznebiT msxvrevadi yumbaris srolisas%
- gverdiTi Sesworebis s"alis /#1 danayo: 2//-dan 1///m-mde manZilze srolisas
da 1 danayo: ( 11//-dan 1.//m-mde srolisas* mimarTulebis Sesworeba
SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos damiznebis wertilis mizanze gamotaniT.
iribi aris dros xdeba Sesworebis Semcireba or$er* 1/ m8wm (ze na"lebi (meti)
aris si5arisas# gverdiTi Sesworebis sidide proporciulad mcirdeba (izrdeba).
gverdiT arze mimarTulebis Sesworebas iTvaliswineben yumbarsatyorcnis
mobrunebiT)
- "umulaciuri yumbaris srolisas# aris rolvis mimarTulebiT*
- msxvrevadi yumbaris srolisas# aris rolvis sapirispirod.
magaliTi 1) srola mimdinareobs "umulaciuri yumbariT uZravi tan"is mimarT 9//
m. manZilze. Caeris temperaturaa ( &/
/
5 . gverdiTi ari# uberavs mar$vnidan
1/m8wm si5ariT.
amoxsna. temperaturis Sesworebis s"alis dolura yendeba I'E temperaturis
ma5venebelze. yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri gascems brZanebas) (nax. 09# a)
6&umulaciuriT, pirdapir tan&ia, #, marcxniv ,gura (an mar$vnidan pirveli
niSani) ( cecxli=7
am brZanebiT memizne ayenebs 67 s"alis bades da gamoavs damiznebis
centraluri niSani marcxniv erTi :guriT (an awarmoebs damiznebas damiznebis
centraluri niSnis mar$vnidan pirveli StrixiT).
magaliTi 2% srola mimdinareobs msxvrevadi yumbariT reatiuli danadgaris
mimarT 1&// m manZilze. Caeris temperaturaa ( &/
/
5. gverdiTi ari# uberavs
mar$vnidan 1/m8wm si5ariT.
61
amoxsna. temperaturis Sesworebis s"alis dolura yendeba I'E temperaturis
ma5venebelze. yumbarsatyorcnis meTauri gascems brZanebas) (nax. 09# b3
6msxvrevadiT, pirveli orientiri, mar;vniv 4., rea)tiuli danadgari, 12,
marcxnidan pirveli niSani (an mar$vniv :gura) ( cecxli=7
am brZanebiT memizne ayenebs 67 s"alis bades da awarmoebs damiznebas
centraluri damiznebis niSnidan pirveli marcxena StrixiT (an gamoavs damiznebis
niSani mar$vniv erTi :guriT).
nax. 4#. uZrav mizanze yumbarsatyorcnis damizneba Zlieri gverdiTi aris
Sesworebis gaTvaliswinebiT)
a-"umulaciuri yumbariT srolisas* b- msxvrevadi yumbariT srolisas
#$. miznis mimarT srola, romelic mo*raobs sacecxle poziciebis mimarTulebiT
an piri)iT, xdeba opti"uri samiznis (meani"uri samiznis danadgari) s"alis
danayo!ebis da damiznebis wertilis ar5eva# xolo gverdiTa arze mimarTulebis
Sesworebis dadgena xdeba im manZilis Sesabamisad# romelzedac SesaZloa
a%mo5ndes mizani gasrolis momentSi.
gverdiTa arze mimarTulebis Sesworebebis Seyvana xdeba imave wesiT# romliTac
uZravi miznebis dros.
#'. miznis mimarT srola, romelic mo*raobs srolis sibrtyisadmi &uTxiT,
aucilebelia yumbaris !renis dros miznis moZraobaze Sesworebis Seyvana (winswrebis
gaTvaliswinebiT)* agreTve gverdiTa aris zemomedebis gaTvaliswineba.
miznis mimarT srolisas# romelic moZraobs srolis sibrtyisadmi "uTxiT# damizneba
xorcieldeba miznis Tanxlebis an miznis dalodebis meTodiT.
damizneba miznis Tanxlebis meTodiT mdgomareobs imaSi# rom memizne
mimarTulebis sa+iro Sesworebis gaTvaliswinebiT (Sesabamisi samizne niSnis ar5eviT
an damiznebis wertilis gamotaniT)# gadaaadgilebs damiznebis xazs miznis
gadaadgilebis (moZraobis) si5ariT da gasrolas ganaxorcielebs samizne niSnis u!ro
swori poziciisas mizanTan mimarTebaSi.
damizneba miznis dalodebis meTodiT mdgomareobs imaSi# rom memiznes
gamoavs ar5euli damiznebis niSani miznis moZraobis svlaze &-0 :guriT win da
a"avebs mas ar5euli damiznebis wertilis sima%leze# ar5euli damiznebis wertilis da
samizne niSnis Tanxvedrisas awarmoebs gasrolas.
##. winswrebis sididis dadgenisas aucilebelia miznamde manZilis# si5aris da misi
moZraobis mimarTulebis codna.
miznis moZraobis si5aris dadgena xdeba TvaliT 1 "m8sT-mde damrgvalebiT (1#
1/# 11 "m8sT da a.S.).
srolis sibrtyesTan mimarTebiT miznis moZraobis mimarTuleba ganisaz%vreba Tvalis
zomiT# miznis siganisa da sigrZis Se!ardebis gaTvaliswinebiT. (nax. 1/).
Tu 5ans miznis mxolod Sublis ("i5os) proecia# maSin moZraoba !rontaluria# anu
mizani moZraobs srolis sibrtyeSi.
62
Tu miznis sigrZe cotaTi metia mis siganeze# maSin moZraoba iribia (ceria)# anu
mizani moZraobs srolis sibrtyisadmi maxvili "uTxiT.
Tu mizani 5ans mTel sigrZeze (5ans gverdiTa proecia)# maSin moZraoba ;anguria#
anu mizani moZraobs srolis sibrtyisadmi daaxloebiT 9/
/
-iani "uTxiT.
u!ro zustad# miznis moZraobis mimarTuleba iTvleba)
' -rontalurad# Tu mizani moZraobs srolis sibrtyisadmi ara umetes ./
/
-iani "uTxisa*
' iribad# Tu mizani moZraobs srolis sibrtyisadmi ./
/
-dan 2/
/
-mde "uTxiT*
' Bangurad, Tu mizani moZraobs srolis sibrtyisadmi 2/
/
-dan 1&/
/
-mde "uTxiT.
nax. .. miznis mimarTulebis gansaz%vra)
a- !rontaluri moZraoba* b-iribi moZraoba* g-;anguri moZraoba.
1... mizanze srolisas, romelic mo*raobs srolis sibrtyisadmi #.
.
"iani &uTxiT,
winswrebis sididis dasadgenad unda ixelm*+vanelon me"3 cxriliT.
1.1. miznis iribi da ;anguri moZraobis dros miznis moZraobaze mimarTulebis
Se$amebuli Sesworebebi da gverdiTa ari ganisaz%vreba Semdegi wesiT)
a3 &umulatiuri yumbaris srolisas)
' Tu miznis moZraobis mimarTuleba emTxveva aris mimarTulebas# maSin
Sesworebebi $amdeba*
' Tu mizani aris sawinaa%mdegod moZraobs# maSin winswrebis sidididan
gamoa"ldeba Sesworeba gverdiTa arze* dadebiTi gansxvavebis dros xdeba
winswrebis gaTvaliswineba# uaryo:Tis dros ( Sesworeba gverdiTa arze.
magaliTi 1% dadgindes $amuri Sesworeba# Tu tan"i moZraobs marcxnidan &/ "m8sT
si5ariT 9// m manZilze da Zlieri aria marcxnidan. (nax. 1&#a).
amoxsna 1% cxrilebidan & da . vpoulobT gverdiT arze da miznis moZraobaze
Sesworebebis sidideebs. winswreba udris s"alis 1#1 danayo!s an tan"is 1 :guras.
Sesworeba gverdiTa arze udris s"alis 1 danayo!s an tan"is /#1 :guras.
2. mimarTulebis $amuri Sesworeba udris s"alis &#1 (1#1 31) danayo!s an tan"is 1#1
(13/#1) :guras.
mimarTulebis Sesworebis gaTvaliswinebisas9damiznebis wertilis gataniT xdeba
centraluri niSnis gatana 1#1 :guriT gverdze# saiT"enac moZraobs mizani (saiT"enac
uberavs ari)# anu mar$vniv. Tu mimarTulebis Sesworeba gaTvaliswinebulia gverdiTa
Sesworebebis s"aliT# maSin am s"alis &#1 danayo: air5eva badis marcxena nawilSi
(damizneba unda xorcieldebodes tan"is SuaSi# meore da mesame Strixebs Soris
SualediT).
63
magaliTi 2% dadgindes $amuri Sesworeba# Tu tan"i moZraobs mar$vnidan 1/ "m8sT
<//m manZilze da Zlieri aria marcxnidan (nax. 1&# b).
amoxsna 2% cxrilebidan & da . vpoulobT gverdiTa arze da miznis moZraobaze
Sesworebebis sidideebs. winswreba udris s"alis 1 danayo!s an tan"is /#1 :guras.
Sesworeba gverdiTa arze udris s"alis 1 danayo!s an tan"is /#1 :guras.
&. mimarTulebis $amuri Sesworeba udris nuls (1-1Q/ an /#1-/#1Q/)# anu damizneba
unda xorcieldebodes tan"is SuaSi centraluri niSniT.
b3 pirdapiri damiznebiT msxvrevadi yumbaris srolisas%
' Tu miznis moZraobis mimarTuleba emTxveva aris mimarTulebas# maSin winswrebis
sidides gamoa"ldeba gverdiTa arze Sesworeba* dadebiTi gansxvavebisas xdeba
winswrebis gaTvaliswineba# uaryo:Tisas ( Sesworeba gverdiTa arze*
' Tu mizani aris sawinaa%mdegod moZraobs# maSin xdeba Sesworebebis da$ameba.
magaliTi 1% dadgindes $amuri Sesworeba# Tu veiTebi avtomobiliT moZraoben
mar$vnidan &/ "m8sT si5ariT <//m manZilze da zlieri aria mar$vnidan (nax. 1.# a).
amoxsna% 1. cxrilebidan & da . vpoulobT gverdiTa arze da miznis moZraobaze
Sesworebebis sidideebs. winswreba udris s"alis 0 danayo!s an miznis &#1 :guras.
&. mimarTulebis $amuri Sesworeba udris s"alis .#1 (0-/#1) danayo!s an miznis (&#1-/#1)
:guras.
mimarTulebis Sesworebis gaTvaliswinebisas9damiznebis wertilis gataniT xdeba
centraluri niSnis gatana & :guriT gverdze# saiT"enac moZraobs mizani# anu marcxniv.
Tu mimarTulebis Sesworeba gaTvaliswinebulia gverdiTa Sesworebebis s"aliT# maSin
am s"alis .#1 danayo: air5eva badis mar$vena nawilSi (damizneba unda
xorcieldebodes miznis SuaSi mesame da meoTxe Strixebs Soris SualediT).
magaliTi 2% dadgindes $amuri Sesworeba# Tu veiTebi avtomobiliT moZraoben
marcxnidan 11 "m8sT si5ariT 1///m manZilze da Zlieri aria mar$vnidan (nax. 1.#
b).
amoxsna% 1 cxrilebidan & da . vpoulobT gverdiTa arze da miznis moZraobaze
Sesworebebis sidideebs. winswreba udris s"alis . danayo!s an miznis & :guras.
gverdiTa arze Sesworeba udris s"alis /#1 danayo!s an miznis /#1 :guras.
&. mimarTulebis $amuri Sesworeba udris s"alis .#1 (.3/#1) danayo!s an miznis &#1
(&3/#1) :guras. mimarTulebis Sesworebis gaTvaliswinebisas9damiznebis wertilis
gataniT xdeba centraluri niSnis gatana &#1 :guriT gverdze# saiT"enac moZraobs
mizani# anu mar$vniv. Tu mimarTulebis Sesworeba gaTvaliswinebulia gverdiTa
Sesworebebis s"aliT# maSin am s"alis .#1 danayo: air5eva badis marcxena nawilSi
(damizneba unda xorcieldebodes miznis SuaSi SualediT mesame da meoTxe Strixebs
Soris).


cxrili .
64
srolis
manZili
metrebSi
"umulatiuri yumbaris srolis dros
yumbaris
!renis dro
wamebSi
winswreba (damrgvalebulia)
gverdiTa gasworebis
s"alis danayo!ebSi
tan"is :gurebSi
;anguri moZraobis
dros
9-1/
"m8sT
1<-
&/
"m8s
T
&0-
&1
"m8s
T
9-1/
"m8s
T
1<-&/
"m8sT
&0-&1
"m8sT
.//
0//
1//
2//
6//
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9//
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msxvrevadi yumbaris srolisas
65
srolis manZili
metrebSi
yumbaris
!renis dro
wamebSi
winswreba (damrgvalebulia)
gverdiTa gasworebis
s"alis danayo!ebSi
metrebSi
9-1/
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1<-&/
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1<-&/
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SeniSvna% 1. miznis ;anguri moZraobis dros 1/ "m8s-Si si5ariT winswreba tolia)
' "umulatiuri yumbaris srolis dros '1 danayo: gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"alaze srolis
yvela manZilze an /#1 :gura 1// dan 9// metr manZilze da 1 :gura Sor manZilebze*
' msxvrevadi yumbaris srolisas & danayo: gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"alaze srolis yvela
manZilebze*
&. miznis iribi moZraobis dros winswrebas i%eben or$er na"lebs# vidre ;anguri
moZraobis dros*
.. winswrebas :gurebSi i%eben miznis centridan (nax. 11)*
0. Tu winswrebas iTvlian s"alis danayo!ebSi# damiznebis wertils ir5even miznis
centrSi.
66
nax. 11. winswrebis sididis gaangariSeba
a. b.
nax. 1&. moZrav mizanze yumbarsatyorcnis damizneba "umulaciuri yumbaris srolis
dros Zlieri gverdiTi aris SemTxvevaSi.
a. &/ "m8s-T si5ariT moZrav tan"ze. b. 1/ "m8s-T si5ariT moZrav tan"ze
1.2. yumbarsatyorcnidan "umulatiuri yumbaris srola %amis pirobebSi saStato
samiznis "#"is gamoyenebiT mimdinareobs imave wesebiT# rogorc d%isiT.
yumbarsatyorcnidan msxvrevadi yumbaris 1//m-mde siSoreebze srolisaTvis
SesaZlebelia samizne "#"is gamoyeneba. Samiznis mowyobiloba unda air5es
cxrili 0-is Sesabamisad. damiznebis wertili ( miznis !uZe.
SeniSvna) -9 yumbarsatyorcnidan gancal"evebuli damiznebiT srola
mimdinareobs saxmeleTo artileriis srolis wesebiT.
cecxlis warmarTva, mis Sedegebze da&virveba da &ore)tireba
1.3. cecxlis warmarTvisas gaTvla valdebulia daa"virdes mis Sedegebs. cecxlis
Sedegebze da"virveba memiznis da gadamtenis mxridan garTulebulia# gansa"uTrebiT
Semxvedri aris dros# amitom yumbarmtyorcnis meTauri# romelic imyo!eba
yumbarmtyorcnidan gar"veul manZilze saare mxridan# valdebulia yurad%ebiT
daa"virdes cecxlis Sedegebs da "oretireba gau"eTos mas.
cecxlis Sedegebze da"virveba mimdinareobs gezvisa da yumbarebis s"domebis
mixedviT.
1.4. Tu pirveli srolis Sedegad ar moxda miznis ganadgureba# maSin Semdegi gasrolis
gansaxorcieleblad unda moxdes sawyis monacemebSi Sesworebebis ("oretirebis)
Setana# romlebic inebian miznis centridan yumbaris gadaxris sididis Sesabamisi.
cecxlis "oretirebis warmoeba SeiZleba damiznebis wertilis gamotaniT# "oris axali
ar5eviT# s"domebze a%niSvniT# agreTve pirveli ori xerxis SeTavsebiT.
1.. gverdiTa mimarTulebaze cecxlis "oretirebisas# damiznebis wertilis gamotaniT
ganisaz%vreba yumbaris gadaxra miznis :gurebSi da xdeba Ser5euli damiznebis
sawyisi niSnis (damiznebis wertili) gamotana miznis Suagulidan gverdze# gadaxris
sidideze# romelic sapirispiroa yumbaris gadaxris (nax. 10).
srolis man*ili samizne "#"ze dayenebebi
2..
3..
4..
..
!
#
11
12
67
nax. 4. cecxlis "oretireba damiznebis wertilis gamotaniT
Tu pirobebi memiznes cecxlis Sedegebze da"virvebis saSualebas aZleven# maSin
gverdiTa mimarTulebaze "oreturis8Sesworebis Seyvana axali gverdiTa damiznebis
niSnis ar5eviT# gasrolis Semdeg aucilebelia yumbarsatyorcnis damiznebis a%dgena#
a%niSvna# gverdiTa gasworebis s"alis romeli danayo!ebis gaswvriv a!eTda yumbara#
da am axali gverdiTa niSniT moxdes damizneba Semdegi gasrolisaTvis (nax. 11).
nax. . cecxlis "oretireba yumbaris s"domis niSanze.
1.!. yumbaris miznisgan mcire manZiliT gadaxris SemTxvevaSi# cecxlis "oretireba
xorcieldeba damiznebis wertilis sima%leze gamotaniT. miuwvdomlobis SemTxvevaSi#
unda moxdes damiznebis wertilis sima%leze gamotana /#1 :guriT ma%la (damizneba
unda moxdes miznis zeda napirze)# gadacdenis SemTxvevaSi (/#1 :guriT veviT
(damizneba xdeba miznis veda napirze).
yumbaris miznisgan didi manZiliT gadaxrisas# aucilebelia ganisaz%vros gadaxris
sidide metrebSi da amis Sesabamisad moxdes axali "oris ar5eva.
1.$. im SemTxvevaSi# Tu yumbaris gadaxra ineba miznidan gverdiTa mimarTulebiT
da manZilze# maSin "oretireba manZilze da gverdiTa mimarTulebiT ganxorcieldeba
erTdroulad.
1.'. moZrav mizanze srolisas# cecxlis "oretirebisaTvis aucilebelad unda iyos
gaTvaliswinebuli miznis moaxloeba (daSoreba) im drois ganmavlobaSi# romelic
daixar$a Semdegi gasrolisTvis.
68
srola Sez+udili xilvadobis pirobebSi
1/9. ganaTebul mizanze srola mimdinareobs iseve# rogorc d%isiT.
miznis ganaTebis momentSi memizne swra!ad axdens yumbarsatyorcnis
damiznebas da axorcielebs gasrolas. amavdroulad# memizne ar unda uyurebdes
uSualod sinaTlis wyaros# raTa Suma ar daabrmavos igi.
11/. im SemTxvevaSi# Tu ganaTeba ar aris# damizneba xdeba gasrolis bzinvarebaze
(gamonaTebaze)* alze# romelic gamoityorcneba saSenidan* Zravis xmaurze# an
miznis siluetze samiznis badis ganaTebisaTvis# winaswar unda 5airTos ganaTebis
sistemis 5amrTveli.
burusSi an "vamlSi srolisas# sa!aris sim"vrividan gamomdinare# srola
mimdinareobs axlo manZilze siluetebis# an Zravis xmauris da muxluxebis 5xarunis
mimarTulebiT.
srola momwamvleli da radia)tiuri nivTierebis mo)medebis pirobebSi
111. srola momwamvleli da radiatiuri nivTierebebis momedebis pirobebSi#
mimdinareobs individualuri dacvis saSualebebiT.
cecxlis warmoebisas adgilmdebareobaze# sadac gavrcelebulia momwamvleli an
radiatiuri nivTierebebi# sa+iroa pirvel rigSi moxdes yumbarsatyorcnis im nawilebis
degazireba (dezativizacia)# romlebTanac srolisas Sexeba xdeba.
srolis wesebi igivea# rac 5veulebriv pirobebSi srolisas.
br*olaSi gasrolebis xar;i
11&. Setevis dros gamteni da mimtani gadasatan 5anTaSi atarebs sam yumbaras da
denTis muxts.
Tavdacvis dros yumbarmtyorcnis gamoyenebisas# gasrolebis raodenoba SeiZleba
u!rosi meTauris brZanebiT gaizardos.
11.. gasrolebis xar$vasTan sa+iroa u!ro !rTxili mopyroba# raTa rTul mdgomareobaSi
maT gareSe ar davr5eT.
pirvel rigSi xdeba im gasrolebis daxar$va# romlebsac atarebs mimtani. am
gasrolebis damTavrebis Semdeg mimtanma unda acnobos yumbarsatyorcnis meTaurs.

danarTi 1
"alibri 6. mm
pirdapiri gasrolis manZili# miznis sima%le & m)
- -9 gasroliT srolisas <// m
- -9 gasroliT srolisas .01 m
pirdapiri damiznebis manZili 1.// m
masimaluri srolis manZili (msxvrevadi yumbariT srolisas) 01// m
yumbaris sawyisi si5are*
- -9 0.1 m8wm-Si
- -9 .12 m8wm-Si
- -9 yumbaris masimaluri si5are 6// m8wm-Si
sabrZolo swra!srola 2 gasrolamde w8T-
69
Si
masimaluri ama%lebis "uTxe)
- -9 gasroliT srolisas 3 6@
- -9 gasroliT srolisas 3 &1@
masimaluri daxris "uTxe ' .@
Corizontalur sibrtyeSi damiznebis "uTxe D 11@
yumbarsatyorcnis masimaluri sigrZe &11/ mm
yumbarsatyorcnis masimaluri sigane sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi 1/11 mm
yumbarsatyorcnis masimaluri sima%le lulis Corizontalur
mdgomareobaSi
<&/ mm
cecxlis xazis sima%le .9/ mm-dan 6//
mm-mde
"lirensi (saSenze) 1.1 mm
gasrolis sigrZe)
- -9 gasrolis 1111 mm
- -9 gasrolis 1/2& mm
salaSro mdgomareobidan sabrZoloSi gadayvanis dro &1-.1 wm
sabrZolo mdgomareobidan salaSro mdgomareobaSi
gadayvanis dro
&1-.1 wm
yumbarsatyorcn -9 wona opti"ur samiznesTan erTad 1/#1 "g (D04)
yumbarsatyorcn -9 wona opti"ur samiznesTan da saval
nawilTan erTad
20#1 "g ((D04)
savali nawilis wona 10 "g
gasrolis wona)
- -9 gasrolis 0#0 "g
- -9 gasrolis 1#1 "g
yumbaris wona*
- -9 &#2 "g
- -9 .#2 "g
gadasatani 5anTis wona sami gasroliT)
- -9 12#0 "g
- -9 19#6 "g

danarTi &
samizneebis -9-sa da -9-is ZiriTadi monacemebi
ZiriTadi monacemebi
-9
-9
pirdapiri
damiznebis
samizne
gancal"evebul
i damiznebis
samizne
1 gadideba 4,2R 2,5R 5,7R
2 xedvis are 10@ 30S 9@ 3@
3 gamomsvleli gugis diametri mm 4,2 4 7
4 xilvadobis dasaSvebi SesaZlebloba ara umetes 10T ara umetes ara umetes
70
&1T 2/T
5
samiznis >"umulaciuri? badis
s"alis z%vari
600-dan 1.//m-
mde
-9-sTvis
<// ' 1&// m
samiznis >msxvrevadi? badis
s"alis z%vari
100 -1300 m-
mde
-9 sTvis
&// ' 1//m-
mde
6
gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"alis
z%vari
D 0,20 D 0,10
7
samiznis s"alis danayo!ebis !asi
m
100 100
8
gverdiTi Sesworebebis s"alis
danayo!ebis !asi
0-05 0-05
9
sima%leSi da gverdiTi
Sesworebebis z%vari
D 0-08 D 0-04
10
damiznebis meanizmis muSaobis
diapazoni
_
-10-dan 30/@-
mde
_
11
gverdiTi Tarazos meanizmis
muSaobis diapazoni
_ D 6@
ganivi anaobis meanizmis
muSaobis diapazoni
D10@ '
12
saa"umulatoro batareis Zabva
(volti)
2,4 5
13
erTi saa"umulatoro batareis
muSaobis dro (sT)
10-11 4-8
14
samiznis mier moxmarebuli
masimaluri deni
300
mi"ro8amperi
15
saa"umulatoro batareis moculoba
(amper8s-Ti)
2 2
16 samiznis sigrZe# mm 225 625
17 samiznis sima%le# mm 220 165
18 samiznis sigane# mm 162 170
19 samiznis massa# "g 2,520 8,6
20
samiznis masa budiT da
sa"uTnoTi# "g
5,115 16
71
s"ala /aTaseuli0 danarTi .
&umulaciuri -9 yumbariT srolis cxrili
muxti -9
"umulaciuri yumbara -9 sawyisi si5are 0.1 m8wm-Si
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72
ameTi -9 masimaluri si5are 6// m8wm-Si
pirdapiri srolis manZili) <// m & metri miznis sima%lisas
91/ m . metri miznis sima%lisas
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73
SeniSvna) Ivardnis sima%lis Sesworebebi Caeris (srolis) temperaturis 1/
/
5 gadaxrazeE gra:T sargeblobisas# aucileblad unda
gvaxsovdes# rom temperaturis a%niSvna I/E# I3E da I'E gaTvaliswinebulia garSemo Caeris Sesabamis temperaturaze /
/
5#
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magaliTad I3E-ze# maSin vardnis sima%lis Sesworebebi Caeris (srolis) temperaturis gadaxraze unda avi%oT nominaluri
temperaturidan# 3&/
/
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/
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/
5-
s.
s"ala /aTaseuli0 danarTi 4
msxvrevadi yumbara -9"iT srolis cxrili
msxvrevadi yumbara -9 muxti -9
am!eTi -2 sawyisi si5are .12 m8wm
pirdapiri srolis manZili) .01 metri & metri miznis sima%lisas
74
00/ metri . metri miznis sima%lisas
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81