Hydraulic Lifting Jack

Names:-
Amirhussain Momin - 13103171
Umang Patel - 13103186
Nitant Panchal - 13103194
Amit Bhagat - 1310303
Ashish !atali"a - 1310304
#u$%ect:-
&lui' Mechanics
Branch ( )ear:-
Mechanical
n'
"ear *3
r'
#em+
Na,rachna Uni,ersit" - !a'o'ara.
History of Hydraulic Jack
/he origin o0 h"'raulic %ac1s can $e 'ate' se,eral "ears ago 2hen 3ichar' 4u'geon- the o2ner
an' in,entor o0 h"'raulic %ac1s- starte' a machine sho5. 6n the "ear 1871- he 2as grante' a 5atent
0or his h"'raulic %ac1. 6n the "ear 1877- he literall" ama8e' onloo1ers in Ne2 )or1 2hen he 'ro,e
0rom his a$o'e to his 5lace o0 2or1 in a steam carriage. 6t 5ro'uce' a ,er" 2eir' noise that
'istur$e' the horses an' so its usage 2as limite' to a single street. 3ichar' ma'e a claim that his
in,ention ha' the 5o2er to carr" near a$out 10 5eo5le on a single $arrel o0 anthracite coal at a
s5ee' o0 14 m.5.h. 4u'geon 'eser,es a s5ecial cre'it 0or his innumera$le in,entions inclu'ing the
roller $oiler tu$e e95an's- 0ilter 5ress %ac1s- 5ulling %ac1s- hea," 5late h"'raulic hole 5unches an'
,arious 1in's o0 li0ting %ac1s.


Principle
A %ac1 is a mechanical 'e,ice use' as a li0ting 'e,ice to li0t hea," loa's or a55l"
great 0orces. A mechanical %ac1 em5lo" a scre2 threa' 0or li0ting hea,"
e:ui5ment. /he most common 0orm is a car %ac1- 0loor %ac1 or garage %ac1
2hich li0ts ,ehicles so that maintenance can $e 5er0orme'. Mechanical %ac1s
are usuall" rate' 0or a ma9imum li0ting ca5acit" *0or e9am5le- 1.7 tons or 3
tons+. More 5o2er0ul %ac1s use h"'raulic 5o2er to 5ro,i'e more li0t o,er greater
'istances an' can $e rate' 0or man" tons o0 loa'.
;"'raulic s"stems 2or1 $ecause o0 Pascal<s la2- 2hich states that an increase
o0 5ressure in an" 5art o0 a con0ine' 0lui' causes an e:ual increase o0 5ressure
throughout the container. 60 "ou a55l" a 0orce to one 5art o0 a h"'raulic s"stem-
it tra,els through the h"'raulic 0lui' to the rest o0 the s"stem.
Q. What is Hydraulic Lifting Jack?
A h"'raulic %ac1 is a %ac1 that uses a li:ui' to 5ush against a 5iston. /his is
$ase' on Pascal=s Princi5le. /he 5rinci5le states that 5ressure in a close'
container is the same at all 5oints. 60 there are t2o c"lin'ers connecte'-
a55l"ing 0orce to the smaller c"lin'er 2ill result in the same amount o0
5ressure in the larger c"lin'er. ;o2e,er- since the larger c"lin'er has more
area- the resulting 0orce 2ill $e greater. 6n other 2or's- an increase in area
lea's to an increase in 0orce. /he greater the 'i00erence in si8e $et2een the t2o
c"lin'ers- the greater the increase in the 0orce 2ill $e. A h"'raulic %ac1 o5erates
$ase' on this t2o c"lin'er s"stem.
;"'raulic %ac1s ha,e si9 main 5arts. /hese are the reser,oir- 5um5- chec1 ,al,e-
main c"lin'er- 5iston- an' release ,al,e. /he reser,oir hol's h"'raulic 0lui'. A
5um5 2ill 'ra2 the 0lui' u5 an' then create 5ressure on the 'o2n stro1e as it
5ushes the 0lui' through the chec1 ,al,e. /his ,al,e allo2s the 0lui' to lea,e
the reser,oir an' enter the main c"lin'er. 6n the main c"lin'er- the 5iston is
0orce' u5 as the c"lin'er is 0ille' 2ith the 0lui'. >hen it is time to release the
5ressure an' allo2 the 5iston to return to its starting 5osition- the release ,al,e
is o5ene'. /his allo2s the 0lui' to return to the reser,oir.
Hydraulic Lifting Jack
Q. How
hydraulic lifting jack works?
A jack is a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary
mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the
specific type of jack, but is typically a screw thread or a hydraulic
cylinder. Jacks can be categorized based on the type of force they
employ: mechanical or hydraulic. echanical jacks, such as car jacks
and house jacks, lift heavy e!uipment and are rated based on lifting
capacity "for e#ample, the number of tons they can lift$. %ydraulic
jacks tend to be stronger and can lift heavier loads higher, and
include bottle jacks and floor jacks.
%ydraulic jacks depend on force generated by pressure. &ssentially, if
two cylinders "a large and a small one$ are connected and force is
applied to one cylinder, e!ual pressure is generated in both cylinders.
%owever, because one cylinder has a larger area, the force the larger
cylinder produces will be higher, although the pressure in the two
cylinders will remain the same. %ydraulic jacks depend on this basic
principle to lift heavy loads: they use pump plungers to move oil
through two cylinders. The plunger is first drawn back, which opens
the suction valve ball within and draws oil into the pump chamber. As
the plunger is pushed forward, the oil moves through an e#ternal
discharge check valve into the cylinder chamber, and the suction
valve closes, which results in pressure building within the cylinder.
Uses of Hydraulic jack
;"'raulic %ac1s are t"5icall" use' 0or sho5 2or1- rather than as an emergenc"
%ac1 to $e carrie' 2ith the ,ehicle. Use o0 %ac1s not 'esigne' 0or a s5eci0ic
,ehicle re:uires more than the usual care in selecting groun' con'itions- the
%ac1ing 5oint on the ,ehicle- an' to ensure sta$ilit" 2hen the %ac1 is e9ten'e'.
;"'raulic %ac1s are o0ten use' to li0t ele,ators in lo2 an' me'ium rise $uil'ings.
A h"'raulic %ac1 uses a 0lui'- 2hich is incom5ressi$le- that is 0orce' into a
c"lin'er $" a 5um5 5lunger. ?il is use' since it is sel0 lu$ricating an' sta$le.
>hen the 5lunger 5ulls $ac1- it 'ra2s oil out o0 the reser,oir through a suction
chec1 ,al,e into the 5um5 cham$er. >hen the 5lunger mo,es 0or2ar'- it
5ushes the oil through a 'ischarge chec1 ,al,e into the c"lin'er. /he suction
,al,e $all is 2ithin the cham$er an' o5ens 2ith each 'ra2 o0 the 5lunger. /he
'ischarge ,al,e $all is outsi'e the cham$er an' o5ens 2hen the oil is 5ushe'
into the c"lin'er. At this 5oint the suction $all 2ithin the cham$er is 0orce' shut
an' oil 5ressure $uil's in the c"lin'er.
6n a 0loor %ac1 *a1a <trolle" %ac1<+ a hori8ontal 5iston 5ushes on the short en' o0
a $ellcran1- 2ith the long arm 5ro,i'ing the ,ertical motion to a li0ting 5a'- 1e5t
hori8ontal 2ith a hori8ontal lin1age. &loor %ac1s usuall" inclu'e castors an'
2heels- allo2ing com5ensation 0or the arc ta1en $" the li0ting 5a'. /his
mechanism 5ro,i'e a lo2 5ro0ile 2hen colla5se'- 0or eas" maneu,ering
un'erneath the ,ehicle- 2hile allo2ing consi'era$le e9tension.

Types of
hydraulic
lifting
jacks

1.
Single
piston
jacks
EH
350
and EH 200
/hese li0ting %ac1s can $e use' in com$ination 2ith 'i00erent a''-on 5arts 0or
,arious tas1s:
1 B" using the cla2 *or'er no. 04-0041-P+ long stro1es are 5ossi$le 0rom
lo2 li0ting 5oints.
2 >hen 0itte' 2ith the 5ressure 5iece *su55lie' as stan'ar' accessor"+ it is
use' 2hene,er long stro1es are re:uire' 0rom high li0ting 5oints.
3 >hen use' 2ith the hea' 5iece *06-37+- roun'e' hea' 5iece *06-
373+ an' also roc1er $earing su55ort *06-3371+ the %ac1 04-0041 0orms an
im5ortant 5art o0 the u5righting 'e,ice.
2. Tilting jack
/he tilting %ac1 is use' 0or li0ting t2o-a9le ,ehicles an' 5utting them $ac1 on
the trac1.4uring this o5eration the tilting %ac1 5er0orms the li0ting an' lateral
'is5lacement mo,ements simultaneousl" 2hile the associate' hoo1e' 2heel
sto5 5re,ents the 2heel coming o00 the rail.
3. Internal lifting jack EH 100
/his single 5iston %ac1 is inten'e' 0or use 2ith interior li0ting 5oints in trams
an' su$2a" carriages./he internal li0ting %ac1 has an unloc1a$le non-return
,al,e 2ith a 5ressure sa0et" 'e,ice at each en'. /he 'o2n2ar' tra,eling 5iston
is e:ui55e' 2ith a roc1er su55ort 2hich can com5ensate 0or incline' 5ositions
o0 the %ac1. /he 0orm o0 the %ac1 can $e a'a5te' to 'i00erent li0ting 'e,ices or to
a'a5ter t"5es- threa'e' connections an' attachment 0unctions. /he $a"onet
a'a5ter can $e 5ositione' as 'esire'- such as centrall" or at the to5.
d!antages of Hydraulic Jack

Safety :
;"'raulic /an1 @ac1ing 6s Pro,en An' #a0est >a" /o Aonstruct #torage /an1s.
/his metho' As 3e5lace' as ?l' 3a'ian metho' ?0 using All cranes An'
#ca00ol'ing.
B" Using h"'raulic /an1 %ac1ing All /he >or1 6s 4one A Broun' Ce,el An'
;ence No acci'ents.

Faster Completion :
4uring DrectionE&a$rication- #hell Plates Are Place' At /he Broun' 6nstea' ?0
;igher Ce,el- ;ence #a,ing /ime An' A'hering /o #a0et".
B" A'o5ting /an1 @ac1ing Metho'- Aonstruction Aan Be 4one 4uring 3ain"
#eason-#ince Aonstruction 6s 4one 6nsi'e /he /an1 An' >ith /he Protection
?0 /an1 #hell Plates.

Ease Of Operations :
#ince /he >el'ing 6s 4one Almost Broun' Ce,el-#a0et" ?0 /he >or1ers An'
Also 6ns5ectors Aan 6ns5ect /he Fualit" ?0 /he >el' At /he Broun' Ce,el
6nstea' ?0 Alim$ing ?n ;eights An' Aarr"ing ?ut 6ns5ection ?0 >el' @oints
Dtc.

Economical :
No Aranes- No #ca00ol'ing-Cess Man Po2er-Fuic1er.
Aost ?0 @ac1ing D:ui5ment 6s 3eco,ere' 3 Arusting 4-7 /an1s .
;"'raulic s"stems allo2 users to accuratel" 2iel' large amounts o0
5o2er 2ith little in5ut 0orce. /he" also 5ro,i'e constant 0orce- accor'ing to the
National &lui' Po2er Association. 6n a''ition- h"'raulic s"stems are sa0e in
chemical 5lants an' mines $ecause the" 'o not cause s5ar1s.
"isad!antage of Hydraulic Jack
Expense
;"'raulic s"stems are more com5le9 an' e95ensi,e than s"stems o5erate' $" airG1no2n as
H5neumatic s"stems.H /hese s"stems o5erate at lo2er 5ressures an' there0ore re:uire chea5er
materials- accor'ing to ;"'raulics Pneumatics. ;o2e,er- 5neumatic s"stems are more e95ensi,e
to o5erate since air re:uires more 5o2er to com5ress. Pneumatic s"stems also run more :uietl"
than h"'raulic s"stems.
Oil Problems
Because man" h"'raulic 0lui's are oil $ase'- h"'raulic s"stems can 5ose a 0ire ha8ar' 2hen the"
lea1- accor'ing to #cri$'. /hese lea1s can also 5ose a sa0et" ha8ar' $ecause h"'raulic s"stems are
un'er high 5ressure- an' 0lui's can shoot out at a high ,elocit"- 5otentiall" harming those near$"
the lea1.
Filters
)ou must 0ilter oils in h"'raulic s"stems on a regular $asis to ensure that the h"'raulic 0lui'
contains no $ro1en 5articles- as 2ell as to eliminate harm0ul 'amaging air 5oc1ets- accor'ing to
#cri$'.
Leaks
;"'raulic s"stems that 'o not ha,e the necessar" h"'raulic 0lui's 2ill not 0unction- 2hich
$ecomes a 5ro$lem 2hen a lea1 occurs. )ou must re5air the lea1 so the h"'raulic 0lui's can
continue to 5ro'uce 0lo2I other2ise- the h"'raulic s"stem 2ill $egin to slo2 'o2n. &ortunatel"-
areas that ha,e lea1age 2ill also ha,e hotter internal tem5eratures- accor'ing to 6nsi'er #ecrets to
;"'raulics. Pre,ent lea1s $" using 5ro5er 5lum$ing 5roce'ures an' the correct materials- an' $"
5er0orming regular 5re,entati,e maintenance.
Aeration
;"'raulic s"stems can 'e,elo5 lou' $anging noises- 2hich result 0rom air entering the h"'raulic
0lui's. /his $anging noise results 0rom the h"'raulic 0lui's com5ressing an' 'ecom5ressing-
accor'ing to Machiner" Cu$rication. /his '"namic can also cause 0oaming- erratic actuator
mo,ements- 'egra'ation o0 the h"'raulic 0lui' an' 'amage to the internal 5arts o0 the h"'raulic
s"stem.
How to fabricate a Hydraulic Jack
/he 0irst ste5 in 'esigning an' 0a$ricating a h"'raulic %ac1 is to un'erstan' ho2 a h"'raulic %ac1
2or1s. 60 "ou alrea'" 1no2 ho2 a h"'raulic %ac1 2or1s "ou can s1i5 this section.
;"'raulic %ac1s 2or1 on Pascal<s la2 2hich states that Ha change in the pressure of an enclosed
incompressible fluid is conveyed undiminished to every part of the fluid and to the surfaces of
its container.H
Cet A1 $e the area o0 larger 5iston an' A $e the area o0 smaller 5iston o0 a h"'raulic %ac1- 2hile 51
an' 5 are the 5ressures a55lie' on the larger an' smaller 5istons res5ecti,el". 6n e:uation 0orm:
6n a$o,e e:uation "ou can easil" see
that the 0orce &1 is the 5ro'uct o0 t2o
terms: & an' A1EA. >e can get 0orce o0 &1 on the the 5iston 1$" either ha,ing a large & an' small
A1EA or a large A1EA an' small &. /he latter case is 2hat is 'one in case o0 h"'raulic %ac1.
Fabrication of hydraulic ack
/he 0ollo2ing 'ra2ing sho2s the $asic i'ea o0 things that 2ill $e nee'e' to ma1e a h"'raulic
%ac1. Note that this is not a 'ra2ing o0 a real h"'raulic %ac1. 6t sim5l" sho2s 2hich 5arts are
nee'e' an' 2here the" are nee'e':
>e 2ill nee' the 0ollo2ing things:
/2o c"lin'ers
#eals
?il
Pistons
Non-return ,al,e
Pi5e
At the outset 6 2oul' li1e to clari0" that %un1"ar' 2oul' $e the $est 5lace to 0in' the a$o,e-
mentione' 5arts.
Moreo,er choose the ma9imum loa' that "ou 2ill $e li0ting 2ith "our h"'raulic %ac1. /hen choose
the area ratio.
!ylinders
/he" 2ill $e 0ille' 2ith the oil that<s going to transmit 0orce. )ou can either choose c"lin'ers o0 an
engine or hea," P!A 5i5e 'e5en'ing u5on the 0orces in,ol,e'. /he selection o0 c"lin'ers 'e5en's
on the chosen area ratio. )ou 2ill 5ro$a$l" ne,er get e9actl" "our 'esire' area ratio $ut "ou can
get closer i0 "ou search the c"lin'ers in
%un1"ar'. Using P!A 5i5es as c"lin'ers 2oul' gi,e "ou much more 0le9i$ilit" as the" are
a,aila$le in ,arious stan'ar' si8es.
Pistons
/he" 2ill $e use' to
transmit the a55lie'
0orce to oil an' 0rom oil
to the loa' that nee's to $e li0te'.
Oil
?il 2ill $e the 0lui' that<s going to transmit 0orce. Cu$ricating oil use' 0or car engines can $e use'.
"eals
#eals 2ill $e re:uire' to seal the ga5 $et2een 5iston an' c"lin'er.
#on$return %al%e
>hen using a con,entional %ac1 "ou must ha,e o$ser,e' that it is use' $" a55l"ing 0orce 0or a
small amount o0 time an' "ou 1ee5 'oing it till the loa' is com5letel" li0te'. &or this to ha55en-
"ou 2ill nee' a non-return ,al,e.
Pipe
A 0le9i$le 5i5e 2oul' connect the t2o c"lin'ers