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Greatly improved chemical resistance and adhesion; most chemicals that come into contract
with the silicate lining have only a little influence on the product properties
No foaming: In comparison to other resins, Silicate does not change its properties under
influence of water.
Page: 2
The following diagram shows the resistance of a Silicate resin used for a part lining system against
different chemicals. The blue color column shows the tensile strength in bending after 28days and
the red one after 356 days.
Diagram 1: Resistance against different chemicals; short and long term examination
Development from short to middle long liners
Silicate resins had been successfully used as part of the Patch or Part Lining repair market for
many years. Non foaming silicates enabled ease of system application in conjunction with specially
woven fiberglass matting. Due to the relative low E-modulus of the early silicate resins, the
fiberglass has the tasks of increasing the physical strength of the repair resin and to support an equal
thickness of the part liner. The following diagram shows the system Silicate resin with fiber glass
matt in the final composition.
Page: 3
Chemical resistance of CarboLith PL/Advantex-Composit
Isopropanol
Diethylenglykol
Ethylenglykol
Ethanol, 50%
Lactic Acid, 50%
Sodium chloride sol., 20%
Natriumhypochlorit-sol.
Soda lye, 5%
Sulphuric acid, 10%
Biodiesel
Diesel
Petrol
Water
Air
Tensile strength in bending acc. ISO 178 MPa
Diagram 2: Typical fiberglass matt and silicate resin preparation used for Part Lining
Beside the Silicate resin is the choice of a high quality fiberglass matt very important. For an
optimum result, ECR and not an E-Glass type should be used. The reason is that ECR fiberglass
mats have a very high resistance to corrosion, while E-Glass mats have a tendency to absorb
chemicals resulting in swelling of the mat. The result is obviously a loss in strength of the
composition.
On the back of the Part Lining success, these Silicate resins were introduced to the Lateral Lining or
House Lining Markets. Although they cannot not complete in the larger diameter pipes >DN350 due
to the short pot life and also low physical properties, Silicate resins have been accepted globally for
use in middle length/smaller diameters. The reason for this is that even thought the E-modulus of
Epoxy or Polyester resin is still higher, the repairing of lateral linings with the exothermic Silicate
resin is much more user friendly and less logistics are required. The following table compares the
different resin types of Epoxy, Polyester and Silicate concerning the application and important
features.
Page: 4
Diagram 3: comparison of CIPP resins and the application methods
Traditional forced cure systems using Epoxy or Polyester resin technology required the utilization
of water trucks and boilers at the jobsite to enable the curing of the CIPP liner regardless of the
lining diameter being installed.
Photo 1: Typical force curing set up for Epoxy or Polyester resin curing
Silicate resins allowed for a much more compact equipment assembly on site to be used. This
resulted in improved turn around times per application due to the ease of equipment set-up and
ambient curing times.
Resin Type Areas of use Curing
Properties
Equipment
Plus Minus
Epoxy
Part Lining
Lateral Lining
T Connection
Medium - Large
diameter pipes
Forced
High physical
properties
Low
Chemical
resistance
Refrigeration trucks
required to transport
impregnated lining.
Small diameter
Lateral Lining
T Connections
Forced or
Ambient
High Chemical
resistance
Good Physical
properties
Less
physical
properties
than EP or
Polyester
50% of Singapore land area is already water catchment and by 2009 this will increase to 66%
with the completion of the marina
All private sewer repairs will be carried out using CIPP methods
Householders must pay themselves for repairs to sewer pipes that come within their own
property boundary
Page: 6
Due to the limited time constraints for completing these contracts, many new applicators had to be
found to enable the Rehabilitation Programme to be completed on time. With experienced and
inexperienced contractors bidding for the work, the requirement for a easy systems had become
even more prevalent. Package systems have been available for the part liner market for some time.
However, until recently only expensive package systems were available for new comers wishing to
enter the Lateral Lining application market.
Customized product for the project
The core values to providing an optimal, cost effective and efficient system to the Singapore market
were as follows:
A) Equipment and Application Criteria:
Low cost for equipment, e.g. installation gun to inflate the liner
Manpower intensive
Inexperienced labour and experienced applicators alike could undertake the application,
therefore the system must be robust in handling and fool proof, e. g. fast mixing behavior of
both components or good penetration properties into the felt liner are important
Ambient Cure (no need for extra equipment to ensure full curing)