Roberto Salgado

Chapter 16 World War I and Its Aftermath

1. Militarism- The system of Alliances in Europe encouraged Militarism. The
aggressive build up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations. German
Militarism eventually forced Britain to become involved in the alliance system. This
was one of the long-term causes of World War 1.
2. Nationalism- A feeling of intense pride in ones homeland. By the late 1800s
nationalism had become a powerful idea in Europe. Nationalists place primary
emphasis on promoting their homelands culture and interests above those of other
countries.
3. Balkans- In the 1800s nationalism led to a crisis in south eastern Europe in the region
known as the Balkans. Historically, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro- Hungarian
had ruled the Balkans. Both of these empires were made up of many different nations.
4. Franz Ferdinand- In late June 1914 the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne visited
the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. As he and his wife rode through the city, a Bosnian
revolutionary named Gavrilo Princip rushed their open car and shot the couple to
death.
5. Propaganda- British officials worked diligently to win American support. One
method the used was Propaganda, or information designed to influence opinion. Both
sides used propaganda, but German propaganda was mostly anti-Russian and did not
appeal to most Americans.
6. Contraband- Shortly after the war began, the British declared a blockade of German
ports and began intercepting neutral merchant ships sailing to Europe. They forced
ships to land at British ports where they were inspected for contrabands, or goods
prohibited from shipment to Germany and its allies.
7. Sussex Pledge- It promised with certain conditions to sink no more merchant ships
without warning. This met foreign-policy goals of both Germany and President
Wilson by keeping the United States out of war a little longer.
8. Zimmermann Telegram- In January 1917, a German official named Arthur
Zimmermann sent a telegram to the German Ambassador in Mexico asking him to
make an offer to the Mexican government. If Mexico agrees to be an allies with the
Germans, Mexico would regain the lost territories in Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona.
9. War Industries Board- (WIB) was a United States government agency established on
July 28, 1917, during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies. Run
by Bernard Baruch, a wall street stockbroker.
10. Victory Gardens- also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were
vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the
United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany during World War I. This was
done by having Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays and Porkless Thursdays.
11. National War Labor- (NWLB) was a federal agency created on April 8, 1918
by President Woodrow Wilson. It was composed of twelve representatives from
business and labor, and co-chaired by Former President William Howard Taft. Its
purpose was to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers in order to ensure
labor reliability and productivity during the war. It was disbanded after the war in
May 1919.
12. Committee on Public Information- Also known as the CPI or the Creel Committee
was an independent agency of the government of the United States created to
influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I. Their
main goal was to sell the war to the people.
13. Espionage- Passed in, the act is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917,
shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. It has been amended numerous times
over the years. Provided for the imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who
either tried to incite rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct the operations of the
draft.
14. Selective Service- The Selective Service Act or Selective Draft Act authorized the
federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I
through conscription.
15. No Mans Land- A disputed ground between the front lines or trenches of two
opposing armies.
16. Convoy- a group of ships or vehicles traveling together, typically accompanied by
armed troops, warships, or other vehicles for protection.
17. John J. Pershing- He was a general officer in the United States Army who led
the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I
18. Armistice- A formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not
necessarily the end of a war, since it might be just a cessation of hostilities while an
attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace.
19. Treaty of Versailles- was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended
the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June
1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
20. Fourteen Points- The "Fourteen Points" was a statement given on January 8, 1918 by
United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being
fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe.
21. National Self-Determination- Creation of national governmental institutions by
a group of people who view themselves as a distinct nation.
22. League of Nations- was an intergovernmental organization founded on January10,
1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
To promote world peace and cooperation this was created by the Treaty of Versailles
in 1919.
23. Reparations- the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or
otherwise helping those who have been wronged.
24. Cost of Living- the level of prices relating to a range of everyday items.
25. General Strike- is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labor
force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterized by the
participation of workers in a multitude of workplaces, and tend to involve entire
communities. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century, and have
characterized many historically important strikes.
26. Calvin Coolidge- Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), the 30th U.S. president, led the
nation through most of the Roaring Twenties, a decade of dynamic social and cultural
change, materialism and excess. He took office on August 3, 1923, following the
sudden death of President Warren G. Harding (1865-1923), whose administration was
riddled with scandal.
27. Red Scare- is the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical
leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents. In the United States, the First Red Scare was
about worker socialist revolution and political radicalism.
28. Mitchell Palmer- was Attorney General of the United States from 1919-1921. He is
best known for overseeing the "Palmer Raids" during the Red Scare of 1919.
29. J. Edgar Hoover- John Edgar Hoover was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation of the United States. Hoover is credited with building the FBI into a
larger crime-fighting agency, and with instituting a number of modernizations to
police technology, such as a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories.
30. Deport- Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or
country