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IntroductiontoOrganicChemistry
What i s Or gani c Chemi st r y?
Itisdefinedasthestudyofhydrocarbons
(compoundsofhydrogenandcarbon)and
theirderivatives
7 million Organic Compounds
1.5 million Inorganic Compounds
Animal and plant matter, Foods, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics,
Fertilizers, Plastics, Petrochemicals, Clothing
4
OrganicChemistryinYourLife
Food
Fertilizer, pesticides,
preservatives, additives
Materials
Polymers, coatings,
adhesives, plastics,
clothing
Drugs, Cosmetics
Aspirin, Tylenol
The entire modern world
Petrochemicals,
environmental chemistry,
etc
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Periodic Table
Why is it the element of life on earth?
Has Four Bonding Electrons
Unique Strong Covalent Bonds
Strong Single, Double and Triple Bonds
Average Bond Energies (KJ mol
-1
)
C-C 607 Si-Si 230 C-H 416 Si-H 323
C-N 754 Si-N 470 C-O 336 Si-O 368
O-Si-O = Sand and Rocks
Carbon
lowestenergy
state
Hybridization
Excited state
4 sp
3
Simplest Organic molecule
Covalent Bonding Atoms Share Electrons
MethaneisTetrahedral
Sp
3
hybridized carbon
4 equivalent C-H bonds (bonds)
All purely single bonds are called bonds
Understanding the structure and bonding
of organic molecules is fundamental to
being able to understand their properties
and reactions.
This is because the properties and
reactions are controlled by the
interactions between molecules which
are in turn dictated by the types of bonds
within those molecules.
END