war

1. What words would you use to describe war?

2. What reasons to people have for going to war?
3. Is war good? Bad? Or both?



The Great War
Europe is at peace
For an extended period
of time, Europe enjoyed
a relatively peaceful
relationship with itself
and the world.
The Calm Before The
Storm
Causes of The war
There were many
causes of World War 1
but there were a few that
played a major impact
M.A.I.N
M.A.I.N.
Militarism - The policy of
glorifying military power and
keeping an army ready for
war.
Nations inside of Europe did
not trust each other
Every great power in Europe
had a large standing army
and had plans in place for
war
People felt safe inside their
country if it had a big army,
but every country was on
edge
Would you have built up
your army?

M.A.I.N (PART 1)
Alliances Basic
agreements of aid and
or protection in time of
war
Two major sides in
Europe
Triple Alliance (Central
Powers)
Triple Entente (Axis
Powers)
Triple Alliance
3 Nations
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Germany- allied to keep
France from revenge
AH- allied with must
stronger and bigger
Germany
Italy rivals with France


Triple Entente
3 Nations
Great Britain
France
Russia

Russia joined with
France to protect from
Germany
Great Britain in
response to Germanys
build up of Naval fleet


Alliances
These alliances were
intended to create peace
throughout Europe.
These alliances did not
mean best friends, but it
did mean if one country
went to war, the rest of the
alliance but assist.
What could be an issue
with that?

m.a.I.N.
Imperialism - The takeover of a country or
territory by a stronger nation with intent of
dominating the political, economic, and social
life of the people of that nation.
The quest to Imperialize parts of
Africa and Asia set up European
countries for war
Germany and France almost went
to war over Morocco, Africa in
1911.
Why choose Africa and Asia?
Tension only grew between
countries as greed and mistrust
strengthened

Africa
M.A.I.N.
Nationalism- a deep devotion to ones nation.
Unifies a group of people
Creates tension between nations
Europe had an increased since of
Nationalism due to the industrial revolution.
Great Britain and Germany fought over who
the better nation was.
GB had the spark of the Industrial Revolution
and the worlds greatest Naval fleet
Germany was the fastest growing economy in
Europe
My fellow Americans, ask not what your
country can do for you, ask what you can do
for your country. John F. Kennedy

M.A.I.N. (PART 2)
Assassination 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
and wife were
assassinated in Sarajevo,
Bosnia
Gavrilo Princip Serbian
national who assassinated
the Archduke
This was the final straw
that set off a chain or
irreversible reactions that
led to war.
The Powder Keg
The Balkans region became
know as the Powder Keg
Here tensions were high
among the smaller nations
(Little Man Syndrome)
Russia sided with Serbia
because of the common
Slavic nationality
Germany supported Austria-
Hungary
If either small country went to
war, the larger would support
it.
War Begins
Austria-Hungary gave
Serbia a list of demands
it could not meet.
July 28, 1914 (100 years
ago) AH declared war on
Serbia
Domino Effect
War Consumes Europe
AH declares war on Serbia
Blank Check
AH asks for support from Germany and is
given the green light


Declarations of War
Russia aids Serbia
Moves troops to AH and German
boarder
Germany declares war on Russia
Germany declares war on France

Two-Front War
Germany now faced the
very problem it had
hoped not to before the
war started.
Germany would have to
fight both sides of it
boarders
They had a plan
Schlieffen Plan
Germany knew France
was allied with Russia
Rather than wait, they
declared war in order to
make the first move
Quick attack on France
before Russia could
mobilize troops
Belgium
Germany attacked through
Belgium, a neutral country
This outraged Great Britain
who was friends with
Belgium
Great Britain declared war
on Germany
Italy joined with the Triple
Entente
Major powers had all taken
sides


Game On
Now that war had been declared, sides had been
drawn, and aggressive actions had begun, WW1
reached a point of no return
First Battle of Marne
Western Front: the
deadlock region between
northern France and
Germany
Germany moved through
Belgium and into France
where it easily and quickly
made it to the edge of
Paris
Germany would of
destroyed France had it
not been for one thing
First Battle of Marne
Communication: France received vital information on
the exact direction Germany was about to take
Transportation: France was able to quickly mobilize
troops thanks to taxis and railroads
France caught Germany off guard and forced them to
retreat
Germanys great plan had failed
It now had to fight a two-front war
This changed WW1 drastically
Why?


Technology and Weapons
With the turn of the 20
th

century came
advancements in
technology,
communication, and
transportation
Transportation
Railroads, taxis, and
airplanes all were
advancing the way war was
won
Quickly mobilize and move
troops, materials, and goods
Communication
Telephones
Radios
Telegrams
Animals
Technology
Many new technologies
were either created or
first widely used in WW1
Many of these were
weapon related
Weapons
Tanks often large and
slow, they broke down
often but were used at
times
Airplanes first time in war
that planes were used for
combat. Dog-fighting
This would lead to the birth
of commercial airliners
Submarines used by the
Germans, a new and
productive type of
underwater warfare
Weapons
Machine Guns high
powered, hundreds of
rounds, killed thousands in
trench warfare
Artillery Rounds more
explosive and able to attack
bunkered down enemies
Poison Gas used by both
sides, caused blinding,
blisters, and death from
chocking
People thought these
advances would make for a
quick war, but in fact it slowed
down the war.
Trench Warfare
A devastating form of warfare
that would define fighting in
WW1
Deep trenches cut into the
earth to protect from enemy
fire
They were filthy, wet, muddy,
invested with rats and disease
No Mans Land the vast
space between the two
trenches
Thousands died for minimal
territorial advancement
Video:

Trench Warfare
A devastating form of warfare
that would define fighting in
WW1
Deep trenches cut into the
earth to protect from enemy
fire
They were filthy, wet, muddy,
invested with rats and disease
No Mans Land the vast
space between the two
trenches
Thousands died for minimal
territorial advancement
Video:

War Effects the World
The war far out reaches
the boundaries of
Europe
Japan ,Romania, USA
join with the allies
Ottoman Turks and
Bulgaria join with the
Central Powers
Africa, India, North-
South America, Australia
get involved
United states enters the
war
USA tried to remain out of the war
Germany set up a naval blockade of Britain
waters
Threatened to sink any ship in the waters
German U-Boats sank 3 American ships
Zimmerman Telegram message from
Germany intercepted by the British
Germany promised to help Mexico regain lost
territory in the US if it allied with Germany
Would this of been enough to send you to
war?
April 2, 1917 United States enters the war
with the Allies
Effects
By the end of WW1 soldiers,
civilians, economies,
governments, societies and
more had been affected.
Total War a country devotes
all of its resources to the war
effort
Governments would take over
ordinary factories and turn them
into production lines for war
Ammo, Guns, Supplies
What might be a positive and
negative of this?
Rationing allowing each person
a fixed amount of a certain good
little was left over for
civilians
Propaganda
A type of media that was
often one-sided in order
to persuade a group of
into thinking or feeling a
certain way
Final Days
Russia Withdrawals
5.5 million had been killed, wounded, or
take prisoner
Country was devastated due to loss of
people, goods, and materials
Civil unrest in the county forced Tsar
Nicholas, the countries leader, to leave
the throne
A revolution in Russia was beginning
A new leader, Vladimir Lenin insisted
on ending Russias involvement in the
war
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Treaty
signed with Germany that ended the
war between the two

Second Battle of Marne
1918
With Russia out, Germany pushed
everything is had on France
But with the aid of American
troops, Germany was no match
The Central Powers crumbled as
smaller countries surrendered
Germanys ruler, Kaiser Wilhelm
the 2
nd
stepped down
November 11, 1918 an agreement
was made and the war came to an
end
A global treaty of terms was about
to take place. It would shape the
world for years to come
A flawed place
The world needed to
come up with a way to
prevent further war and
give consequences for
those who started it

Treaty of Versailles
Peace conference in
Paris
Allied countries met and
decided the fate of the
central powers (the
losers)
Big 4
USA Woodrow Wilson
France
Great Britain
Italy

14 Points
President Woodrow Wilson
created a plan for peace
called the Fourteen points
Self-Determination: allowed
a country of people to
decided for them selves what
government they wished to
live under
Called for a League of
Nations
Outlines a vision for postwar
Europe and a system to avoid
future wars

League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles- signed
June 28, 1919
Created the League of
Nations International
association with the goal of
keeping peace among
nations
USA, GB, France, Italy,
Japan permanent members
32 total nations represented
Germany and Russia left out
Germany Loses
Treaty of V put the sole blame of the
war on Germany
Forced to pay 33 billion dollars in war
reparations
Loss of territories and colonies
throughout the world
Limited to a small army
Prohibited from producing or importing
war materials
Forbidden to have submarines or air
force
Left Germany in a economic
depression
Set up for failure
League of Nations failed
due to lack of United
States support
Countries were bitter over
their share in the winnings
Germany felt betrayed for
the harsh treaty
Africa and Asia were upset
because of the oversight of
their independence


Cost of the war
8.5 million people died
21 million wounded
338 billion$ lost in
Europe
Land and homes
destroyed


Russian Revolution
Many issues caused the uprising and revolution that
led to a new government in Russia.
Leaders
Poverty
Work
War

Alexander 3
rd


In 1881, Alexander 3
rd
took
over as Czar od Russia.
He ruled with absolute
authority, having complete
control of the government.
Those who attempted to
speak against him were
exiled to other countries.
He monitored schools,
workers, media, religion
and language in order to
keep people form acting
out.


Nicholas 2
nd


Nicholas 2
nd
became the Czar
following Alexander in 1894.
He continued his father rule of
authority and corruption.
Industrialization grew into
Russia leaving many issues
in the workplace.
Low wages, horrible working
conditions, and child labor
were all issues that were not
addressed by the Czar.
Revolutions beginning
Two major groups emerged towards leading a
revolution.
Mensheviks wanted a broad support of people for
a revolution
Bolsheviks wanted a small group of people
committed to doing whatever was necessary for
radical change.
This would be the group that would eventually lead
the country to a new government.

Bolsheviks
They were influenced by
Karl Marx.
Marx believed that the
industrial class of
workers would
overthrow the Czar.
Vladimir Lenin was the
leader of the Bolsheviks
Series of Crises
A few key moments would spark Russia into a point
of no return that would set up its country for a
Revolution.
Russo-Japanese War (1904) Japan and Russia
had both attempted to imperialize various countries.
Together that made agreements regarding those
countries.
Russia broke the agreement and in retaliation,
Japan attacked Russia. Japan defeated Russia and
news of the defeat spread through Russia causing
civil unrest.
Bloody SUnday
January 22, 1905
200,000 workers marched
to the Czars palace.
Palace guards fired on
unarmed civilians and
killed between 500-1000
people.
This was a turning point in
the road to a Revolution in
Russia. There was no
going back from this.
Russia goes to War
Czar Nicholas drags Russia into WW1.
A combination of weak leadership, poorly equipped
troops, and a lack of support from the people led to
a failed attempt at war.
The struggles of war showed the weakness of Czar
Nicholas and the Russian government.
Rasputin
While Czar Nicholas was away at
war, his wife, Czarina Alexandra
ran the government. She was
influenced by a mysterious man.
Rasputin claimed to have healing
powers, he worked his way
towards Czarina and Nicholas
trust. While healing their son of a
life-threating disease, Rasputin
worked into the government.
He planted his friends in high
positions and corrupted the
government more than it already
was.
He was murdered in 1916 due to
his actions with the government.
Czar Nicholas Steps Down
After struggles in WW1,
issues at home with
poverty, and lack of
cooperation from
government troops, Czar
Nicholas had lost
control.
He stepped down from
the throne and he and
his family would be killed
a year later
A new government
As the old government collapsed temporary
governments were established called Provisional
Governments
Another form of government was created called
Soviets local councils consisting of workers,
peasants, and soldiers came together and gained
influence in many cities.
Vladimir Lenin returned back to Russia in the wake
of the government collapse.
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
seized the opportunity and took
over many Soviets in influential
cities in Russia.
Lenin was gaining popularity
with the people through his
messages
- All power to the soviets.
- Peace, Land, and Bread.
Became Lenins slogan.
Bolsheviks Guards (armed
factory workers) stormed the
government offices of the
provisional government and
arrested the leaders. The
provisional government was
destroyed and Lenin stepped in
to replace it.


Lenin in Power
Lenin took over the rule of the country with in a
matter of days following the Bolshevik Revolution.
Lenin immediately went to work to revolutionize
Russia.
Ordered all farmland to be distributed between
peasants
Gave control of factories to workers
Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany that
ended Russia fighting in WW1

Civil War in Russia
People in Russia were still upset about the war, the
way the government handled it, the way it ended
and with the harsh terms that were set in the Treaty
of Brest-Litovsk.
Nearly 15 million Russians died in civil war following
the Bolshevik Revolution in the county.
Russia was left in chaos


USSR
Lenin began to stabilize the country through work,
trade, and politics.
Russia became know as the United Soviets
Socialists Republic (USSR)
The Bolsheviks became the Communist Party
The country began to regain its strength it had prior
to WW1.
Lenin died in 1924
Joseph Stalin
Lenin's death left a void
that needed to be
replaced.
Joseph Stalin would take
over the USSR and create
a Totalitarianism
government.
Totalitarianism - a
government that takes total
centralized state control
over every aspect of public
and private life. This
provided a sense of
security and direction.