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Masculinity: The Medias Effect On Men
Ivan Lopez
The University of Texas at El Paso


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Tarrant, S. (2009). Guy trouble bitch magazine: Feminist response to pop culture, (43), 46-51.
The main idea of this article is that pop culture makes it known that being male in our
society means being tough and invulnerable. It also states that male aggression is not a
biological condition. The masculinity equals violence equation can be seen every time the
television is turned on; you can see storylines about masculine dominance. Although
there have been some strides in recent film and television shows, most of the equation
remains the same. This magazine article is benefical to the research beause shows the
effect that various movies and television shows are having on mens perception of what it
means to be a man.

Tan, Y., Shaw, P., Cheng, H., & Kim, K. (2013). The construction of masculinity: A cross-
cultural analysis of men's lifestyle magazine advertisements. Sex Roles, 69(5/6), 237-249.
doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0300-5
The study conducted a content analysis of 636 ads from the three most popular men's
lifestyle magazines in Taiwan, China, and the United States to examine the
representations of masculinity in their advertisements between 2008 and 2010. The
purpose was to find out how masculinities in all three different cultures are being
portrayed. The magazines portrayed men as refined and sophisticated. However, in the
United States most ads called the attention of the more macho masculine type of man.
The study in this journal will be beneficial to the research because shows that the media
not only influences men in TV and film, but also through advertisements. As stated
before the United States especially leaned more towards making the man seem more
macho or masculine.
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Poteat, V., Kimmel, M. S., & Wilchins, R. (2011). The moderating effects of support for
violence beliefs on masculine norms, aggression, and homophobic behavior during
adolescence. Journal of research on adolescence (Wiley-Blackwell), 21(2), 434-447.
doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00682.

The research studies conducted under this article dictated the analysis of two elements;
the first being that of masculine aggression and homophobic attitudes and the second
element is how these behaviors are promoted and found mainly in adolescent males. The
study found that violence and bullying characteristics in male teenagers were most
commonly promoted through exposure to social expectations. Gender roles in society
then can be said to instill these types of attitudes in boys more than in girls. The study
will be beneficial to my research because it shows that there is this idea that men have to
act a certain way is instilled from a very young age. Bottling up these emotions make
men more susceptible to violence.

Mussap, A. J. (2008). Masculine gender role stress and the pursuit of muscularity. International
journal of men's health, 7(1), 72-89. doi:10.3149/jmh.0701.72
The article emphasizes on the research conducted among 129 men and their relationship
with their own body figure. The study had several components that of eating habits,
height and weight scale and measurement of body mass. It was exposed how men defined
their body figure expectations based on gender roles, making it more common for them to
establish strict goals on themselves aimed towards fitness; that which was later associated
with a concern on the struggle between masculinity and emotion. This journal will be
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beneficial to my research because it shows that men have this already preconceived
notion of how they define their body expectations. It can be inferred that is learned
through the various media outlets available.
Katz, J. [ChallengingMedia]. (2006, October 4). Tough uise: iolence Media the risis in
Masculinity [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3exzMPT4nGI/
While the feminine roles in our society are commonly talked about, the roles of
masculinity usually go about unspoken. Tough Guise: Violence, Media, & the Crisis in
Masculinity, is a Documentary produced by The Media Education Foundation and
narrated by Jackson Katz. The purpose of this video is to examine the effect that pop-
culture and the media have on young boys growing up in the United States. The purpose
of the information presented in the video is to inform young men of the United States
pop-culture and media effect on how masculinity is perceived. This documentary will be
a perfect aid to my research because it deals specifically with the how the medias
perception of masculinity affects mens psyche.
Keogh, L. (2013, March 7). Masculinity wrongly defined by media. The Daily Utah Chronicle.
Retrieved October 12, 2014, from
http://www.dailyutahchronicle.com/2013/03/07/masculinity-wrongly-defined-by-media/
This article explains how masculinity is a term layered with meaning and expectations.
Where masculinity is defined as being with multiple girls, knowing how to fix cars
and not revealing too much emotion. Again, this article touches now how the media is
perpetuating this stereotype not only in television and film but radio talk shows as well.
This newspaper article will be beneficial to my research as it also touches on how the
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medias perception on masculinity is affecting men and boys. Making them bullies and
shows probability of men being the shooters in mass shootings.
Watson, S. (2007). Boys, masculinity and school violence: reaping what we sow. Gender &
Education, 19(6), 729-737. doi:10.1080/09540250701650672
In this paper the author explores the relationship between masculinity and violence. She
begins by pointing out that although all of the recent school shootings in the US have
been perpetrated by boys, very few are associating the acts with the gender of the
offenders. We teach boys from a very young age the stereotypes of what it means to be a
man. The at home life is also something that affects masculinity. The artlice states that
schools must become a part of the transformation process as they are reflections of our
society. There is a boy code that needs to be addressed and school officails should learn
how to get around the masks of boys and see the specific emotional and social problems
boys face. This paper will be helpful to my research because it shows how boys bottling
up emotions can cause them to lash out in a negative way.