CHEN

307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

Question 1

Given: = ! = 2 = 10! !

To find the dependence of U for any N


Solution

Identify the variables that can be written as Intensive variables these are U and V

=
Substituting into the given equation yields
2 = !

1
= !
2

Now

=

1
!
= 2 = 2 !
2

That is the internal energy per mole of component

For N moles

!
= 2

2 !
=

Test for = 2
= !
Therefore it is correct

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

Question 2
To find , , for 4 different paths from state to state

Solution

= +

Path 1:

= !"

=

The quantity of gas is fixed hence, the system is closed
The system is at equilibrium and is a state function.

Path 3 is adiabatic !"# = 0 hence = 0


=

Evaluating the
!

!"! =

!
!

! !
!!!!

Path 1

!!

!"! =

!!
!!

!
!
3
!
= ! !!
8

!!

, ! +
!!

Path 4

! , = ! ! ! + !
!!

!!

!"! =

!!

, ! +
!!

! , = ! ! ! + !
!!

= +

3
8

Path 2

! !

! !

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

! !
! =
+
! ! !

!!

!"! = ! +

+ = ! +
!!

!
!
2 !

+ ! !

Evaluating the Qs

As U is a state function !"! = !"! = !"! = !"!

!"! = ! + !

!
!
3
!! !! = ! ! ! + !
8

!
!
3
! = !! !! + ! ! !
8


!
!
!
!
3
!
3
! ! 1
! = !! !!
! ! ! ! ! = !! !!
!! !
8
2
8
! ! 2

! = 0 {Adiabatic process}

!
!
3
! = !! !! + ! ! !
8

! = ! ! !

!
! ! 1
! =
! ! ! + ! ! =

!! ! ! + ! !
2
! ! 2

!
!
3
!
! = ! !!
8

! = ! ! !

! !

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

Question 3

= 240
; = 10!! ; !"# = 0

2
=

3

2
=
240
10!! =
240
10!! =
240
3

2
=

3

!

= !!

= !!

= !!

!! =

2

3

3 !!
! =
2

3 !!!!
2 2
3

!!

= ! !
!!

!
!
9
!
!
! ! ! ! = (! ! )
4

Does not help solve problem

For the path AD we can equate for known paths as U is a state function

!" = !"! + !"

!" =

10!!

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

!
!
3
!
!" = ! !! + ! ! ! = !"
8

!" = = ! ! ! {No thermal energy}

!" = ! ! ! {No thermal energy}


!
!
3
!" = ! = !! !! + ! ! !
8

Question 4 (refer to problem solved at bottom)

!

!" =

!
!

! !
!!!!

!!

3
2

!!

2
5 3
= +
3
3 3

3 =

!
3
!!
2

!
3
3!!
2

3 =

!!

!
!
3
= !! !!
8

!
3
= !!
2

!!

3
8

!
3
= !! + ! !
8
!
3
= !! +
2

! !

!! = !!!!

!"! =

3
3
2

3
=
2

!
!

!
3
= !!
2

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

9
=

4

9
=
4

Problem Solved (Thermodynamics Calvin page 23)

=

=

2
=

3


2
=

3

2
=

3

2
=

3

3
=
2

3
!" = ! !
2

2
!" = ! !
3

!"#
!"#$"%&
The angular velocity is = 240 ! 2 = 480 !


= 480

= 480

= 10!! 480

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

= 10!!



Question 4

= 10!! 480 = 4.8

3
=
2

3
3 = 3
2

3
=
2
3
=
2
3
=
2
3
= + !
2

3
3 = 3 + !
2
9
3 = + !
2

9 + 2!

23

9 + 2!

6

9
+ 2!

6
=

480

9
2
+ !
6
6

3
1
= + !
2
3

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

Test
For N=3

3
= + !
2

Evaluate !

When = 0, = ! = !


Question 5

To determine if the equations are inconsistent with the 3 entropy postulates. To do this we must sketch
qualitatively the fundamental relationship with S and U holding N and V constant. The relation that
gives entropy as a function of the extensive parameters is known as a fundamental relation


The properties are: (1) we have the entropy as a first order homogeneous function of the extensive
parameters, (2) we must have it be dif-eve enciavel and be continuing, (3) we must have that ( S /
U ) V, Ni {}> 0 and (4) we have ( U / S) V = {0} Ni only when S = 0.

Postulate 2: No violation as S is a function of the extensive variables U, N, V = (, , )

Postulate 3: Entropy is additive and increasing

We thus need to test if
, , = , ,

> 0

The function

= (, , )

can be uniquely solved for U
= , ,


Postulate 4: The entropy of a system vanishes for

= 0

!"
i.e When S=0 then !" = 0

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

!

! !
!!

!" !

!

Q 5 (a) =

Testing postulate 1: If all the extensive parameters are multiplied by a constant the entropy is
multiplied by the same constant

, , = , ,

1
=

, , = ,

, , = !

!
!

!
!

It violates postulate 3

!
!

= !

!
!

= !

!
!

!
2

!
=

!
!

!!

> 0, > 0 , 0
1
!

= !

!
!

> 0

> 0

!
!

!!
!

!
!

!
!

!
!

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

!!

!
= !

3 !
= !
2

3 !
= !
2

Q 5 b

!
!

When = 0,

= 0

!
!
= !
!

!
!
!
= !
!

= , ! (2 )

= , ! (valid)

1
!

!
!

1 !!
!
3

> 0

= !

!,!,!
3

!
!

!,!,!

= !

!
!

!
!

!
!

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

2 !
=
!

!

When = 0

= 0(4 )

CHEN 307-Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

By (Muhammad Valiallah)
Tutorial 3

http://www.ebah.com.br/content/ABAAAAtckAB/solutions-callen-h-b-thermodynamics-and-an-
introduction-to-thermostatistics-2-ed-exercicios-resolvidos-cap-01-a-06