Delhi Sultanate

By: Mustafa Munir

Pakistan
Geography
Geography
Pakistan today is 803,940 square kilometers big.
It is 778,720 square kilometers land.
It is 25,220 square kilometers water.
The population is 179.2 million (In 2012).
Pakistan has boundaries with: Afghanistan, China,
Iran, and India.
Pakistan has four provinces.
Culture
All the ethnic groups in Pakistan: Punjabi, Sindhi,
Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from
India at the time of partition and their descendants)
make up.
Religions: Muslim 97%(Sunni 77%, Shia 20%),
Christian, Hindu , and other.
Urdu is the only official language of Pakistan.
Although English is generally used instead of Urdu.
Religious Festivals: Shab-e-Barat, Shab-e-Qadar,
Shab-e-Miraj, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, Milad-un-Nabi,
Youm-e-Ashura, Ramadan, Birth Rites, and Funeral
Rites.
Government
The Pakistani Government is a federal government.
The Constitution of Pakistan governs the four
provinces.
The government is composed of the three
branches: executive legislative, and judicial, which
all powers are given by the Constitution in the
Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme
Court. The powers and duties of these branches are
further defined by acts and amendments of the
Parliament, including the creation of executive
institutions, departments and courts inferior to the
Supreme Court.
Religion
Religions: Muslim 97%(Sunni 77%, Shia 20%),
Christian, Hindu , and other.

Architecture
Badshahi Mosque
Minar-e-Pakistan
Faisal Mosque
Wazir Khan Mosque
Shah Jahan Mosque and more

Trade and Commerce
Pakistan is a member of the World trade
Organization.
Pakistans exports improved from $7.5 billion in 1999
to $18 billion in 2008.

Economy
The economy of Pakistan is the 26th largest in the
world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP).
It is also the 44
th
largest in terms of nominal GDP
There is also a fishing industry.
The country is now self-sufficient in food, as vast
irrigation schemes have extended farming into arid
areas, and fertilizers and new varieties of crops
have increased yields.
The chief trading partners are the United States, the
United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and China.

India
Geography
Geography
The geography of India describes the physical
features of India, a country in South Asia that lies
entirely on the Indian Plate
The country lies to the north of the equator
between 84' and 376' north latitude and 687' and
9725' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest
country in the world, with a total land area of
3,287,263 square kilometers (1,269,219 sq mi).

Culture
The culture of India is among the world's oldest,
reaching back about 5,000 years.
Many sources describe it as "Sa Prathama Sanskrati
Vishvavara" the first and the supreme culture in
the world.
India is a very diverse country, and different regions
have their own distinct cultures.
Language, religion, food and the arts are just some
of the various aspects of Indian culture.
Culture
India has 28 states and seven territories, and each
has at least one official language. While the
national languages are Hindi and English, there are
about 22 official languages and nearly 400 living
languages spoken in various parts of the country.
Most of the languages of India belong to two
families, Aryan and Dravidian.
Government
The Government of India (GoI), officially known as
the Union Government and also known as the
Central Government, was established by the
Constitution of India, and is the governing authority
of the union of 29 states and seven union territories,
collectively called the Republic of India.
It is based in New Delhi, the capital of India.

Government
The basic civil and criminal laws governing the
citizens of India are set down in major parliamentary
legislation, such as the Civil Procedure Code, the
Indian Penal Code, and the Criminal Procedure
Code.
The union and individual state governments all
each consist of executive, legislative and judicial
branches.
Religion
India is identified as the birthplace of Hinduism and
Buddhism. A huge majority - 84 percent - of the
population identifies as Hindu.
There are many variations of Hinduism, and four
predominant sects Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakteya
and Smarta.
About 13 percent of Indians are Muslim, making it
one of the largest Islamic nations in the world.
Christians and Sikhs make up a small percentage of
the population, and there are even fewer Buddhists
and Jains.

Architecture
The most well-known example of Indian
architecture is the Taj Mahal, built by Mughal
emperor Shah Jahan to honor his third wife, Mumtaz
Mahal.
It combines elements from Islamic, Persian,
Ottoman Turkish and Indian architectural styles.
India also has many ancient temples.
Trade and Commerce
India is an important trade partner for the
Europeans and an emerging global economic
power.
The country chains a large and growing market of
more than 1 billion people.
The Ministry of Commerce and Industry administers
two departments, the Department of Commerce
and the Department of Industrial Policy &
Promotion.
The department regulates foreign trade policy and
responsibilities.
Economy
India is the tenth largest in the world by nominal
GDP and the third largest by purchasing power
parity (PPP).
India was the 19th-largest merchandise and the 6th
largest services exporter in the world in 2013; it
imported a total of $616.7 billion worth of
merchandise and services in 2013, as the 12th-
largest merchandise and 7th largest services
importer.
India's economic growth slowed to 4.7% for the
201314 fiscal years, in contrast to higher economic
growth rates in 2000s.

Bangladesh
Geogrpahy
Geography
Bangladesh, on the northern coast of the Bay of
Bengal, is surrounded by India, with a small
common border with Myanmar in the southeast.
The country is low-lying riverine land crossed by the
many branches and tributaries of the Ganges and
Brahmaputra rivers.
Tropical monsoons and frequent floods and
cyclones inflict heavy damage in the delta region.
Culture
The culture of Bangladesh refers to the way of life of
the people of Bangladesh.
It has evolved over the centuries and includes the
cultural diversity of several social groups of
Bangladesh.

Government
The Government of Bangladesh is the central
government of Bangladesh.
The Government is led by the Prime Minister, who
selects all the remaining Ministers.
The Prime Minister and the other most senior
Ministers belong to the supreme decision-making
committee, known as the Cabinet.

Religion
Islam is the largest Religion of Bangladesh, Muslims
are 90.4% of the population, followed by Hindus,
who are 8.2%, and Buddhists, Christians, those who
practice other religions and those who do not are
the remainders.

Architecture
Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban.
Ahsan Manzil
Baitul Mukkarram
Bara Katra and more.

Economy
The Bangladesh economy has grown at an
average rate of 5 to 6 per cent per year since 1996,
growing by 6.3 per cent in 2011-12.
However, Bangladeshs growth rate remains
significantly below the levels required to meet the
Millennium Development Goals target of halving
the number of people living below the poverty line
by 2015.
According to the Asia Development Bank, growth is
expected to slow further to 5.7 per cent in 2012-13.
Afghanistan
Geography
Geography
Afghanistan is a landlocked nation in south-central
Asia.
Strategically located at the crossroads of major
north-south and east-west trade routes, it has
attracted a succession of invaders including
Alexander the Great, in the fourth century B.C.
Currently; the United States continues the global
war on terrorism there.
Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan,
located in the Kabul Province.
Culture
Afghanistan is a vast country and as a result has a
rich mix of ethnicities and tribes.
The Pashtun are Sunni Muslims who Pashtu. They
make around 42% of the population and are mostly
in Nangrahar and Pakhtya provinces.
A large population also lives in neighboring
Pakistan.
Tajiks comprise roughly 27% of the population. They
are Iranian in origin and speak a form of Persian
found in Eastern Iran.
Most are Sunni Muslim.
Government
Afghanistan consists of the council of ministers,
provincial governors and the national assembly,
with a president serving as the head of state and
commander-in-chief of the Afghan Armed Forces.
The nation is currently led by the Karzai
administration under President Hamid Karzai who is
backed by two vice presidents.

Religion
Islam is the religion of 99.7% of Afghanistan.
An estimated 80-89% of the population practice
Sunni Islam and belong to the Hanafi Islamic law
school while 10-19% are Shi'a , majority of the Shia
follow the Twelve branches with smaller numbers of
Ismailis.

Architecture
Afghanistan contains architectural leftovers of all
ages, including Greek and Buddhist stupas (shrines
or reliquaries) and monasteries, arches, monuments,
intricate Islamic minarets (the tall, slender towers on
mosques), temples and forts.
Architecture
Among the most famous sites are the great
mosques of Herat and Mazar-e Sharif; the minaret
of a mosque at Jam in the west central highlands;
the 1000-year-old Great Arch of Qal'eh-ye Bost; the
Chel Zina and rock inscriptions made by Mughal
emperor Babur in Kandahar; the Great Buddha of
Bamian; the "Towers of Victory" in Ghazni; and
Emperor Babur's tomb and the great Bala Hissar fort
in Kabul.
Trade and Commerce
Afghanistan has been in connection of trade routes
between central, south and west Asia for over 3000
years.
Trade during the 1990s was dominated by the re-
export of products, electronic goods and
cosmetics, to Pakistan and other neighboring
countries.
Major imports for domestic use include agricultural
contributions, rice, wheat, fuel and cooking oil,
while indigenous exports include fruit and nuts,
primary materials and timber.
Australia has limited trade with Afghanistan.

Trade and Commerce
The trade we do have is mainly in engines,
machinery and telecommunications.
In 2011, Australia was the 26th largest destination of
exports from Afghanistan, and the 32nd largest
origin of imports into Afghanistan.
Economy
Afghanistan's economy is recovering from decades
of conflict.
The economy has improved significantly since the
fall of the Taliban regime in 2001.
This has been largely because of the combination
of international assistance, the recovery of the
agricultural sector, and service sector growth.
Despite the progress of the past few years,
Afghanistan is extremely poor, and highly
dependent on foreign aid.
Economy
Much of the population continues to suffer from
shortages of housing, clean water, electricity,
medical care, and jobs.
Afghanistans future economic growth will face a
number of challenges through the transition period
and beyond 2014.
However, ongoing international assistance is aimed
at supporting longer-term economic development
in Afghanistan.

Websites Used
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