1.

Match the following five endocrine glands with their

secretions.

Option Your Answer
1.1

adenohypophysis D. TSH
1.2

neurohypophysis C. ADH
1.3

thyroid gland A. calcitonin
1.4

adrenal gland B. aldosterone
1.5

pineal gland E. melatonin


2.

Match the following five hormones with their functions.

Option Your Answer
2.1

FSH C. stimulates development of the follicle in the
ovaries
2.2

GH A. mobilizes fats, spares glucose, and promotes
the protein synthesis necessary for growth
2.3

ACTH B. stimulates the adrenal cortex
2.4

TSH E. stimulates T
3
and T
4
production
2.5

ADH D. stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb water
from urine

3.

Match each of the following hormones with the condition
that would be balanced by that hormone.

Option Your Answer
3.1

insulin D. high levels of blood sugar
3.2

ADH B. dehydration and low blood
pressure
3.3

aldosterone A. loss of Na
+
from extracellular
fluids
3.4

thyroxine E. decrease in body metabolism
3.5

parathyroid
hormone
C. decrease in blood Ca
2+
levels


4.

Match the following hormones with their functions.

Option Your Answer
4.1

thyroid-stimulating
hormone
C. stimulates the production of
thyroxine
4.2

growth hormone E. causes cells to undergo
mitosis and increase in size
4.3

oxytocin A. increases contractions of
uterine smooth muscle
4.4

adrenocorticotropic
hormone
B. causes the adrenal cortex to
produce hormones
4.5

follicle-stimulating
hormone
D. affects functions of the
ovaries and testes

5.

Match the following hormones with the site of their release
and their function.

Option Your Answer
5.1

TSH C. released from anterior pituitary; causes
thyroid gland to synthesize thyroxine
5.2

FSH E. released from anterior pituitary; causes
ovarian follicles to grow and produce estrogen
and spermatogenesis in the testes
5.3

LH B. released from anterior pituitary; causes
ovulation and interstitial cells to produce
testosterone in the testes
5.4

oxytocin

D. released from posterior pituitary; causes
uterine contractions
5.5

ADH A. released from posterior pituitary; causes
kidneys to reabsorb/conserve water

6.

Match the following hormones with their functions.

Option Your Answer
6.1

prolactin E. stimulates milk production
6.2

oxytocin C. stimulates milk ejection from
mammary glands
6.3

thyroxine B. increases metabolic rate
6.4

calcitonin A. may inhibit osteoclast activity
6.5

parathyroid
hormone
D. raises blood Ca
2+
levels


7.

Match the following hormones with the gland (or organ)
that produces them.

Option Your Answer
7.1

calcitonin B. thyroid gland
7.2

parathyroid hormone E. parathyroid glands
7.3

adrenocorticotropic hormones D. pituitary gland
7.4

glucocorticoids A. adrenal cortex
7.5

epinephrine C. adrenal medulla


8.

Match the structures with the hormones they produce.

Option Your Answer
8.1

pineal gland A. melatonin
8.2

testes C. testosterone
8.3

thymus E. thymosin
8.4

heart B. atrial natriuretic peptide
8.5

placenta D. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)


9.

Match the following hormones with their functions.

Option Your Answer
9.1

melatonin C. associated with drowsiness at
night
9.2

testosterone A. associated with sexual maturity
in males; needed for normal sperm
production
9.3

thymosin E. essential for normal immune
response
9.4

atrial natriuretic
peptide
B. reduces blood volume, blood
pressure, and blood sodium
concentration by signaling the
kidneys
9.5

HCG (human
chorionic
gonadotropin)
D. helps to sustain pregnancy


10.

Match the following tissues with the hormones they
produce.

Option Your Answer
10.1

adipose tissue D. leptin
10.2

skin E. cholecalciferol
10.3

kidney B. erythropoietin
10.4

duodenum of small intestine A. cholecystokinin
10.5

stomach C. gastrin


11.

Match the following hormones with their functions.

Option Your Answer
11.1

leptin B. binds to CNS neurons concerned
with appetite control
11.2

cholecalciferol D. activated by the kidneys to vitamin
D; stimulates active absorption of
Ca
2+
by intestinal cells
11.3

erythropoietin E. stimulates the production of red
blood cells
11.4

cholecystokinin C. stimulates the release of bile
11.5

gastrin A. stimulates the stomach to release
hydrochloric acid

12.

Match the following hormones with the organ that produces
them.

Option Your Answer
12.1

glucagon A. pancreas
12.2

TSH C. anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
12.3

thyroxine E. thyroid gland
12.4

renin D. kidneys
12.5

ADH B. posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)


13.

Match each of the following hormones with its function.

Option Your Answer
13.1

glucagon A. increases the blood sugar level by
stimulating the liver
13.2

TSH D. stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce thyroxine
13.3

thyroxine E. increases the metabolic rate
13.4

erythropoietin

C. increases red blood cell production
13.5

ADH B. increases water reabsorption in
kidney tubules

14.

Match the following hormones with the appropriate
category of hormones.

Option Your Answer
14.1

FSH and LH D. gonadotropins
14.2

cortisol B. glucocorticoids
14.3

androgens C. gonadocorticoids
14.4

aldosterone A. mineralocorticoids


15.

Match the following hormones with their functions.

Option Your Answer
15.1

gonadotropins B. regulate functions of gonads in
both sexes
15.2

glucocorticoids C. increase blood levels of glucose,
fatty acids, and amino acids during
stress
15.3

androgens D. produce masculinizing effects
when produced in large quantities
15.4

mineralocorticoids

A. regulate Na
+
reabsorption by
the kidneys and thereby regulates
other electrolyte levels

16.

Match the following gland with the hormone it produces (or
releases).

Option Your Answer
16.1

posterior pituitary D. antidiuretic hormone
16.2

anterior pituitary E. growth hormone
16.3

pancreas C. insulin
16.4

adrenal cortex A. aldosterone
16.5

adrenal medulla B. epinephrine


17.

Match each of the following hormones with its function.

Option Your Answer
17.1

antidiuretic
hormone
A. causes kidneys to conserve water
17.2

growth
hormone
B. stimulates embryonic cells (stem
cells) to undergo mitosis
17.3

insulin E. facilitates glucose transport into
cells
17.4

aldosterone C. increases Na
+
reabsorption in the
kidneys
17.5

epinephrine D. increases cell reactions during
sympathetic response

18.

Given the homeostatic imbalance, indicate the hormone
that would help to restore the balance.

Option Your Answer
18.1

lowered levels of Ca
2+
in the
blood
B. parathyroid
hormone
18.2

too much Ca
2+
in the blood E. calcitonin
18.3

elevated levels of blood sugar A. insulin
18.4

decreased levels of blood sugar
(hypoglycemia)
D. glucagon
18.5

excessive loss of Na
+
in
extracellular fluids
C. aldosterone


19.

Indicate the appropriate gland that would produce the
hormone needed to restore homeostasis for each of the
following conditions.

Option Your Answer
19.1

the end of a nine month
pregnancy
D. posterior
pituitary
19.2

loss of Na
+
from profuse sweating A. adrenal cortex

19.3

high blood sugar due to eating too
many sweets
B. pancreas
19.4

drop in blood levels of Ca
2+
due to
extreme inactivity
C. parathyroid
gland
19.5

delayed or stunted growth E. anterior
pituitary

20.

Match each of the following homeostatic imbalances with
the hormone deficiency (or overproduction).

Option Your Answer
20.1

gigantism E. overproduction of GH
20.2

diabetes mellitus D. insulin deficiency
20.3

sympathetic nervous
system overactivity
A. oversecretion of
catecholamines
20.4

Graves' disease B. hypersecretion of
thyroid hormone
20.5

diabetes insipidus C. hyposecretion of ADH


21.

Match each of the following cell regions with the principal
hormone produced.

Option Your Answer
21.1

zona reticularis C. androgens
21.2

zona glomerulosa A. mineralocorticoids
21.3

zona fasciculate B. glucocorticoids
21.4

beta cells D. insulin
21.5

alpha cells E. glucagon


22.

Match each of the following control mechanisms with its
description.

Option Your Answer
22.1

humoral C. monitoring blood levels of substances and
correct them
22.2

neural B. axons causing hormone release
22.3

hormonal A. hormone release dependent upon other
hormone levels
1.

Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ, but
produces hormones in addition to its major function?
Your Answer: kidneys
Kidney cells produce the hormones renin and
erythropoietin, but their primary function is excretion of
body waste.

2.

Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by
__________.
Your Answer: binding to DNA and forming a gene-
hormone complex
Steroid hormones enter the cell and form a DNA-hormone
complex before they change cellular function.

3.

Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release
of __________.
Your Answer: epinephrine
The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic neurons
stimulate the adrenal medulla to produce epinephrine and
norepinephrine.

4.

The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include
__________.
Your Answer: glucose-containing hormones
The chemical classification of hormones is either amino
acid-based hormones or steroids.

5.

The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled
directly by __________.
Your Answer: TH
Thyroid hormones control the consumption of oxygen by all
body tissues by way of an increase in glucose metabolism.

6.

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of
__________.
Your Answer: humoral stimuli
The declining levels of calcium ions in the blood control
secretion of PTH, which is a humoral stimulus.

7.

The stimulus for producing insulin is __________.
Your Answer: high blood glucose concentration
Excess glucose levels in the blood stimulate beta cells in
the pancreas to secrete insulin.

8.

The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of
__________.
Your Answer: steroid hormones
A steroid hormone complex controls the formation of new
messenger RNA.

9.

Which of the following elements is required for the
synthesis of thyroid hormone?
Your Answer: iodine
The production of functional thyroid hormone requires
iodine.

10.

The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and
inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the
__________.
Your Answer: anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
It is by this portal system that releasing and inhibiting
hormones secreted by neurons in the ventral hypothalamus
circulate to the adenohypophysis, where they regulate
secretion of its hormones.

11.

Which of the following signals would affect local cells by
releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid?
Your Answer: paracrine
Paracrine signals are local signals.

12.

Which of the following is the property in which a hormone
CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone?
Your Answer: permissiveness
Permissiveness is when a hormone needs another to be
fully effective.

13.

Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary
gland?
Your Answer: ADH
Oxytocin and ADH are synthesized in the hypothalamus.

14.

Which of the following organs is considered a
neuroendocrine organ?
Your Answer: hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ.

15.

Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they
__________.
Your Answer: they act locally, not on distal organs as do
true hormones
Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they act
locally, rather than on distal organs as do true hormones.

16.

How do protein kinases affect enzymes?
Your Answer: They add a phosphate group
(phosphorylation) to the enzyme.
They cause phosphorylation of the enzyme that either
activates or inhibits it.

17.

The "hormone response element" is located on the cell
__________.
Your Answer: DNA
The "hormone response element" is located on the cell DNA
and represents the site for a hormone to bind to.

18.

The binding of a steroid hormone to its receptor would lead
to the __________.
Your Answer: transcription of the DNA for the gene that
is "turned on" by this event
The binding of a hormone to its receptor would lead to the
transcription of the DNA for the gene that is "turned on" by
this event.

19.

Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest __________.
Your Answer: half-life
Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest half-life.

20.

The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden
by the __________ system.
Your Answer: nervous
The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden
by the nervous system.

21.

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone for
__________.
Your Answer: ACTH
POMC is a prohormone for ACTH.

22.

Excess growth hormone would cause all the following
EXCEPT __________.
Your Answer: suppression of cancer
Excess growth hormone is actually thought to promote
cancer.

23.

Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in
all of the following situations EXCEPT __________.
Your Answer: damage to the pineal gland
Hypersecretion of ADH cannot occur from damage of the
pineal gland.

24.

Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by
__________.
Your Answer: peroxidase enzymes
Peroxidase enzymes mediate iodination of thyroid
hormones.

25.

A congenital condition that includes mental retardation,
short disproportional body size, and a thick tongue and
neck is caused by __________.
Your Answer: deficiency of thyroxin
A deficiency of thyroxin during fetal development would
lead to a congenital condition known as cretinism, which
includes mental retardation, short disproportional body
size, and a thick tongue and neck.

26.

Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by __________.
Your Answer: an increase in the parathyroid hormone
Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by a severe increase in
the parathyroid hormone.

27.

Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all
of the following tissues EXCEPT __________.
Your Answer: the brain
Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all
of these tissues except the brain.

28.

Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by
the __________.
Your Answer: adipose tissue
Resistin is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue.

29.

Which of the following hormones does the skin produce?
Your Answer: cholecalciferol
The skin produces cholecalciferol.

30.

Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas is considered
paracrine because it acts on __________.
Your Answer: cells other than those that secrete it
Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas acts locally on cells
other than those that secrete it and is therefore referred to
as a paracrine hormone.
1.

Drinking alcoholic beverages decreases urine output
because it causes increased activity by ADH.
Your Answer: False
Alcohol intake inhibits the secretion of ADH. It is the
absence of ADH that increases urine output.

2.

FSH and LH cause the maturation of the follicle cells of the
thyroid gland.
Your Answer: False
These two hormones regulate the production of sperm and
oocytes.

3.

Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes the release of
epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
Your Answer: True
Sympathetic neurons stimulate the release of hormones
from the adrenal medulla.

4.

The destruction of beta cells of the pancreas is an
autoimmune condition characteristic of type 2 diabetes.
Your Answer: False
An autoimmune response is said to be the cause for type 1
diabetes.

5.

The hormones of the thymus gland are essential in the
formation of cells of the immune system.
Your Answer: True
T lymphocytes, the main cells of the immune system,
mature in the thymus gland, where they are stimulated by
thymosin hormones.

6.

The pancreas is considered both an endocrine and an
exocrine gland.
Your Answer: True
The secretion of digestive enzymes is an exocrine function,
and the production of insulin and glucagon is an endocrine
function.

7.

The secretion of melatonin follows a night-day cycle,
becoming low at night and high during daylight.
Your Answer: False
The blood level of melatonin is high at night and low during
daylight hours.

8.

The skin, the heart, and the kidneys contain cells or tissues
that produce hormones.
Your Answer: True
All the organs listed contain hormone-producing cells.

9.

The synthesis and release of most hormones are regulated
by a positive feedback system.
Your Answer: False
Blood levels of most hormones are regulated by a negative
feedback system.

10.

The target tissues for oxytocin are the smooth muscle cells
of the uterus and the myoepithelial cells of the mammary
glands.
Your Answer: True
The uterus contracts and the mammary glands eject the
milk when stimulated by oxytocin.

11.

Hormones are defined as chemical substances secreted into
synapses by neurons to deliver messages
Your Answer: False
Hormones are secreted into the extracellular fluids and
travel through blood or lymph to target cells.

12.

Most hormones can be classified chemically as either amino
acid based or steroids.
Your Answer: True
Most hormones belong to the amino acid group, while most
others (steroids) are derived from cholesterol.

13.

Paracrines are "long-distance" chemical signals that travel
in blood or lymph throughout the body.
Your Answer: False
Hormones are "long-distance" chemical signals; paracrines
are local chemical signals.

14.

Autocrines are secreted into the blood to travel to their
destinations.
Your Answer: False
Autocrines are released into the extracellular fluid and
exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them.

15.

Hormones that are derived from cholesterol are called
steroid hormones.
Your Answer: True
Steroids are synthesized from cholesterol.

16.

Hormones may communicate with their target cells by
binding to plasma membrane receptors.
Your Answer: True
Binding to plasma membrane receptors is the mechanism
used by amino acid hormones.

17.

Hormones may communicate with their target cells by
direct gene activation.
Your Answer: True
Direct gene activation is the mechanism used by steroid
hormones.

18.

A hormone will affect all cells of the body.
Your Answer: False
Even though all major hormones circulate to virtually all
tissues, a given hormone influences only certain cells with
the appropriate receptors (referred to as "target cells").

19.

The hypothalamus regulates activity of the pituitary gland.
Your Answer: True
The hypothalamus controls anterior pituitary
(adenohypophysis) activity, and triggers release of
hormones from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).

20.

Thymic hormones are involved in calcium regulation.
Your Answer: False
Thymic hormones are involved in immunity. Thyroid and
parathyroid hormones are involved in calcium regulation.

21.

A hormone that exhibits antagonism will increase the action
of another hormone.
Your Answer: False
Antagonism has an opposite affect.
1.

Endocrinology involves the study of the endocrine organs
and __________.
Your Answer: hormones

2.

Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine gland?
Your Answer: kidney

3.

Autocrines are long-distance chemical signals that travel in
blood or lymph throughout the body.
Your Answer: False

4.

Steroids are synthesized from __________.
Your Answer: cholesterol

5.

Any given hormone will influence the activity of
__________.
Your Answer: its target cells

6.

In which of the following mechanisms of hormone action do
intracellular calcium ions act as a final mediator?
Your Answer: PIP
2
-calcium signaling mechanism

7.

Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents
the target cells from overreacting to persistently high
hormone levels.
Your Answer: True

8.

When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone,
the interaction is called __________.
Your Answer: antagonism

9.

Which of the following occurs within a negative feedback
system?
Your Answer: Target organ effects inhibit further hormone
release.

10.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types
of stimuli to trigger endocrine glands to manufacture and
release their hormones?
Your Answer: permissive stimuli

11.

The anterior pituitary is known as the "master endocrine
gland" because it controls the hypothalamus.
Your Answer: False

12.

Which of the following stimulates most body cells to
increase in size and divide?
Your Answer: growth hormone

13.

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from
hyposecretion of growth hormone?
Your Answer: pituitary dwarfism

14.

Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm
or egg) production?
Your Answer: follicle-stimulating hormone

15.

As blood levels of __________ rise, the expulsive
contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in
birth.
Your Answer: oxytocin

16.

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas in which
thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role?
Your Answer: helping the body avoid dehydration and
water overload

17.

The cells found within the parathyroid gland that secrete
parathyroid hormone are called __________.
Your Answer: parathyroid cells

18.

Which of the following conditions, if left untreated,
progresses to respiratory paralysis and death?
Your Answer: hypoparathyroidism

19.

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances usually
results from deficits in both glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids?
Your Answer: Addison's disease