SIMPLE TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Arata o actiune prezenta, generala, o stare permanenta.
Afirmativ: S+VB(1
ST
FORM)+
S(P3 SG)+VB(1
ST
FORM)-SES
I!t"r#$ativ: %O+S+VB(1
ST
FORM)+
%OES+S(P3 SG)+VB(1
ST
FORM)
N"$ativ: S+%O NOT%ON&T+VB(1
ST
FORM)
S(P3 SG)+%OES NOT%OESN&T+VB(1
STF
FORM)
Adverbe: usually, always, every ., etc.
PRESENT TENSE 'ONTIN(O(S
Arata o actiune care se petrece in momentul vorbirii.
Afirmativ: S+BE+VB-ING
I!t"r#$ativ: BE+S+VB-ING
N"$ativ: S+BE NOT+VB-ING
Ex: I am wearing a hat today.
Pot exprima o actiune de viitor apropiat.
Ex: he train leaves in ! minutes. "in mod regulat#
he train is leaving in ! minutes. "doar de aceasta data#
NEAR F(T(RE
TO BE GOING TO - a av"a )" $a!) *a ()ar !+ "*t" *i$+r ,a *" va
-"tr"," a,ti+!"a#
TO BE TO . a +rma *a ("*t" # ,"rtit+)i!")/
Ex: I am going to the theatre tonight.
hey are to go to the theatre tonight.
PAST TENSE SIMPLE
Exprima o actiune petrecuta in trecut, incheiata.
Afirmativ: S+VB(0
N%
FORM)+
o be$was$were
I!t"r#$ativ: %I% + S + VB(1
ST
FORM) +
Ex: %as she at home yesterday&
'id she drin( something yesterday&
N"$ativ: S + %I% NOT%I%N&T +
S + 1ASN&T 1EREN&T +
Ex: hey didn)t understand.
*he wasn)t ready.
*e traduce in limba romana prin per+ect compus.
PAST TENSE 'ONTIN(O(S
Exprima o actiune din trecut care s$a des+asurat in mod continuu si,
eventual, in acelasi timp cu o actiune tot din trecut.
Afirmativ: S + 1AS1ERE + VB -ING
I!t"r#$ativ: 1AS1ERE + S + VB-ING
N"$ativ: S + 1ASN&T1EREN&T + VB . ING
Ex: I was reading a boo( while she was singing.
%e were tal(ing about you yesterday at the o++ice.
F(T(RE TENSE SIMPLE
Exprima o actiune care se va petrece in viitor.
*e +oloseste: $ *,A-- pentru persoana .
$ %I-- pentru toate persoanele.
Afirmativ: S + S2ALL1ILL + VB(1
ST
FORM)
I!t"r#$ativ: S2ALL1ILL + S +VB(1
ST
FORM)
N"$ativ: S + S2ALL NOT(S2AN&T)1ILL NOT(1ON&T)
+ VB(1
ST
FORM)
F(T(RE TENSE 'ONTIN(O(S
Exprima o actiune care se va petrece in viitor pe o anumita perioada de
timp.
Afirmativ: S + S2ALL1ILL + BE + VB-ING
Ex: I shall be going home this time tomorrow.
%e shall be teaching at a ,igh *chool tomorrow.
I!t"r#$ativ: S2ALL1ILL + S +VB(1
ST
FORM) + VB-ING
N"$ativ: S + S2ALL1ILL NOT + BE + VB .ING/
F(T(RE IN T2E PAST TENSE
Exprima o actiune trecuta cu re+erire la viitor.
Afirmativ: S + 1O(L%S2O(L% + VB(1
ST
FORM)
I!t"r#$ativ: 1O(L%S2O(L% + S + VB(1
ST
FORM)
N"$ativ: S + 1O(L%N&TS2O(L%N&T + VB(1
ST
FORM)
PERFE'T TENSES
PRESENT PERFE'T TENSE SIMPLE
Arata o actiune ce a avut loc intr$un moment anterior prezentului si cu
legatura cu prezentul.
*e traduce prin prezent sau per+ect compus " atentie la contextul
propozitiei /+razei#.
*e +olosesc adverbe de timp nede+init si +recvent: ever, never, 0ust,
seldom, rarely, occasionally, usually, lately, yet, o+ yet, recently.
Afirmativ: S + 2AVE 2AS + VB(3
R%
FORM)E%
I!t"r#$ativ: 2AVE2AS + S + VB(3
R%
FORM)E%
N"$ativ: S + 2AVEN&T2ASN&T + VB(3
R%
FORM)E%/
Ex:
.. Am incercat sa dau de el de multe ori in dimineata aceasta.
I have tried to reach him many times this morning.
1. Ea tocmai a sosit.
*he has 0ust arrived.
2. 3u am mai vorbit cu ea in ultima vreme.
I haven)t tal(ed to her lately.
F#r *i *i!," . ,"r tim- -"rf",t i! -r#-#3iti"/
F#r - arata -"ri#a)a -" ,ar" *" )"*fa*#ara a,ti+!"a/
Si!," . arata m#m"!t+4 i!,"-"rii a,ti+!ii/
Ex:
.. Am locuit acolo timp de zece ani.
I have lived there +or ten years.
1. Am locuit acolo incepand cu zece ani in urma.
I have lived there since ten years ago.
PRESENT PERFE'T 'ONTIN(O(S
Arata o actiune inceputa intr$un moment anterior prezentului si care se
continua si in present.
*e traduce cu present simplu "atentie la context#.
Afirmativ: S+2AVE2AS + BEEN + VB-ING
I!t"r#$ativ: 2AVE2AS + S + BEEN + VB-ING
N"$ativ: S + 2AVEN&T2ASN&T + BEEN + VB-ING
Ex:
.. Ea canta la pian de doua ore.
*he has been playing the piano +or 1 hours.
1. El doarme de acum o ora.
,e has been sleeping since an hour ago.
PAST PERFE'T TENSE SIMPLE
Arata o a actiune ce a avut loc intr$un moment anterior unei actiuni din
trecut si cu legatura cu acea actiune din trecut.
*e traduce prin mai mult ca per+ectul "ma dusesem, mancasem#
Afirmativ: S + 2A% + VB(3
R%
FORM)-E%
I!t"r#$ativ: 2A% + S + VB(3
R%
FORM)-E%
N"$ativ: S + 2A%N&T + VB(3
R%
FORM)
Ex:
.. Incepuseram de0a testul cand a venit el.
%e had already begun the test paper when he came.
1. 3e inteleseseram sa ne intalnim in statia de autobuz, dar, din
ne+ericire, uitasera.
%e had agreed to meet at the bus station, but, un+ortunately, they had
+orgotten.
2. 4ecinii nostrii se mutasera cu exact 1 zile inainte de cutremur.
5ur neighbours had moved exactly 1 days be+ore the earth6ua(e.
7. 8nde va duseserati de nimeni nu a putut sa va dea de urma
saptamana trecuta&
%here had you gone that anyone could trace you last wee(&
!. 3u se mai trezira niciodata atat de devreme ca in dimineata aceea.
hey had never wo(e up so early li(e that morning.
PAST PERFE'T TENSE 'ONTIN(O(S
Arata o actiune ce a avut loc intr$un moment anterior unei actiuni din
trecut si se continua impreuna cu acea actiune la care ne re+erim.
*e traduce prin imper+ect, ca si past continuous "atentie la context#.
Afirmativ: S + 2A% + BEEN + VB-ING
I!t"r#$ativ: 2A% + S + BEEN +VB-ING
N"$ativ: S + 2A%N&T + BEEN + VB-ING
*e deduce din context cat de indepartata este actiunea +ata de toate
celelalte la care se +ace re+erire.
Ex:
.. 9unceam din greu acum doi ani, cand, deodata, de nicaieri, a
aparut aceasta sansa.
I had been wor(ing hard two years ago, when, all o+ a sudden, +rom
nowhere, an opportunity arose.
2. 'ormeam de atat de mult timp incat nu i$am auzit, desi venisera
de0a de o ora si se certau in mi0locul su+rageriei.
I had been sleeping +or such a long time that I didn)t hear them
although they had already arrived +or an hour and they were +ighting in
the middle o+ the living room.
2. :autaseram mai mult de doua ore un hotel, dar s$a dovedit ca
nu cautam in zona care trebuia.
%e had searched more than 1 hours, but it proved that we
hadn)t been searching in the right area.