Command Meaning

ls list fles and directories

ls -a list all fles and directories
mkdir make a directory
cd directory change to named directory
cd change to home-directory
cd ~ change to home-directory
cd .. change to parent directory
pwd display the path of the current directory
cp fle1 fle2 copy fle1 and call it fle2
mv fle1 fle2 move or rename fle1 to fle2
rm fle remove a fle
rmdir directory remove a directory
cat fle display a fle
less fle display a fle a page at a time
head fle display the frst few lines of a fle
tail fle display the last few lines of a fle
grep 'keyword' fle search a fle for keywords
wc fle count number of lines/words/characters in fle
command > fle redirect standard output to a fle
command >> fle append standard output to a fle
command fle redirect standard input from a fle
command1 ! command2 pipe the output of command1 to the input of command2
cat fle1 fle2 > fle0 concatenate fle1 and fle2 to fle"
sort sort data
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