1. AUXI LI ARY VERBS The Auxiliary verbs are: be, do and have. Be: 1.Be is used with a verb + ING to make continuous verb forms. Youre lying PRESENT They were reading PAST Ive been swimming PRESENT PERFECT We`ll be having dinner at 8 oclock FUTURE I,YOU, HE , SHE,IT, WE, THEY AM /IS/ARE VERB + ING YESSICA SHES IS PLAYING/TALKING/WRITING LALO AND ISAAC THEYRE ARE TALKING IM, YOURE, SHES, HES. ITS WE`RE , THEYRE
IM NOT, YOURE NOT /YOU ARENT/HE/SHE/IT ISNT/ WE/YOU ARENT WERE NOT /YOURE NOT
PAST WAS/WERE VERB+ING JUANITA WAS SPEAKING SOFTLY PEPE AND LALO WERENT PAYING ATTENTION I WAS, YOU WERE, HE/SHE/IT WAS/They were We were Wasnt/werent Present perfect Continuous Has/have+ been Verb + ing Vicky Has been Writing All the notes. Isaac and Juan de Dios Have been participating In programation I HAVE/YOU HAVE/HE/SHE/IT HAS/WE /YOU HAVE HASNT BEEN HAVENT
FUTURE CONTINUOUS I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY WILL BE WILL+ BE VERB+ING VICTOR WILL BE LEARNING ENGLISH INFINITIVE I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY BE BE VERB+ING JORGE COULD BE LYING ERIKA AND JUANIS MUST BE TAKING NOTES
2. BE IS USED WITH THE PAST PARTICIPLE TO MAKE THE PASSIVE PRESENT PASSIVE I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY AM/IS/ARE VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE
THE STUDENTS ARE TAUGHT BY THE TEACHER THE TEACHER TEACHES THE STUDENTS APPLES ARE BOUGHT BY MY MOTHER MY MOTHER BUYS APPLES PAST PASSIVE I/YOU WE/YOU/THEY WAS /WERE VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE WERE HE/SHE/IT WAS WHERE WERE YOU BORN? THE TEST WAS MADE BY THE TEACHER I WAS BORN IN MEXICO PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE
SUBJECT HAS/HAVE +BEEN VERB IN P.PARTICIPLE THE CAR HAS BEEN SERVICED THE CLASSROOM HAS BEEN CLEANED BY ESTEBAN /BY THE CLASSMATES/YESTERDAY THE APPLES HAVE BEEN EATEN BY US PAST PERFECT PASSIVE HAD +BEEN VERB IN P.PARTICIPLE THE CITY HAD BEEN DESTROYED DOLLY HAD BEEN ANNOUNCED INFINITIVE PASSIVE BE V. IN PAST PARTICIPLE THIS WORK SHOULD BE DONE THE CLASS MUST BE GIVEN
DO 1 DO/DOES/DID ARE USED IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND THE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT INTERROGATIVE DO YOU LIVE NEAR HERE? DOES LALO LIVE IN GONZALEZ? PAST DID SHE STUDY HARD? DID THE UPV STUDENTS HAVE CLASS? WHEN DID THEY ARRIVE? PRESENT NEGATIVE DONT/DOESNT VERB IN PRESENT She /he DOESNT UNDERSTAND I/YOU/WE/THEY DONT UNDERSTAND PAST NEGATIVE I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/YOU/THEY DIDNT COME TO SCHOOL.
2 DO/DOES/DID ARE USED TO EXPRESS EMPHASIS WHEN THERE IS NO OTHER AUXILIARY. I`M NOT INTERESTED IN SPORTS, BUT I DO LIKE TENNIS IF ONLY SHE HAD A CAR! SHE DOES HAVE A CAR WHY DIDNT YOU TELL ME? I DID TELL YOU
HAVE HAVE IS USED WITH THE PAST PARTICIPLE TO MAKE PERFECT VERB FORMS PRESENT PERFECT HAS/HAVE VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE
ROSA HAS VISITED LOUVRE MUSEUM I HAVE BEEN IN CUBA HAVE YOU EVER TRIED SUSHI? WE HAVENT FINISHED THE TASK. PAST PERFECT HAD VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE
MY CAR HAD BROKEN DOWN BEFORE THE CHILDREN HAD PRACTICED A LOT FUTURE PERFECT WILL HAVE VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE
I `LL HAVE FINISHED SOON THE BOYS `LL HAVE ARRIVED LATE. INFINITIVE PERFECT TO HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE I D LIKE TO HAVE MET BENITO JUAREZ THEYD LIKE TO HAVE ENJOYED THE PARTY PARTICIPLE PERFECT HAVING HAD LUNCH, WE CLEANED UP. HAVING MET HIM, I INVITED HIM .
OTHER USES OF AUXILIARY VERBS 1 IN QUESTION TAGS ITS COLD TODAY, ISNT IT? SHE ISNT HAPPY, IS IT? YOU DONT UNDERSTAND, DO YOU? JOSE LIKES ENGLISH, DOESNT HE? YOU HAVENT BEEN TO CHINA, HAVE YOU? SHE HAS A BEAUTIFUL HOUSE, HASNT SHE? 2. IN SHORT ANSWERS. YES OR NO ALONE CAN SOUND ABRUPT. ARE YOU ANGRY? NO, IM NOT. DO YOU LIKE MUSIC? YES, I DO. DID YOU SLEEP WELL? NO, I DIDNT. HAS SHE BOUGHT THE CAKE? YES, SHE HAS. 3. IN REPLY QUESTIONS. THESE ARE NOT REAL QUESTIONS. THEY ARE USED TO SHOW THAT THE LISTENER IS PAYING ATTENTION AND IS INTERESTED. THE PARTY WAS AWFUL. WAS IT? WHAT A PITY. I LOVE CHEESE BURGERS! DO YOU? I HATE THEM IVE BOUGHT YOU A PRESENT HAVE YOU? HOW KIND
2. MODAL AUXI LI ARY VERBS THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS ARE: CAN,COULD, MAY,MIGHT,WILL, WOULD,SHOULD,MUST,OUGHT TO,NEED. THEY ARE AUXILIARY VERBS BECAUSE THEY HELP OTHER VERBS. THEY ARE DIFFERENT FROM BE, DO AND HAVE BECAUSE THEY HAVE THEIR OWN MEANINGS. HE MUST BE AT LEAST 70. (=PROBABILITY) YOU MUST TRY HARDER (=OBLIGATION) CAN YOU HELP ME? (=REQUEST) YOU SHOULD TAKE A NAP. (=ADVICE) I LL HELP YOU (=WILLINGNESS)*Buena voluntad