mfm2p

MFM2P
Foundations of Mathematics
Grade 10 Applied

Version A

MFM2P Foundations of Mathematics Introduction
Grade 10 Mathematics (Applied)

Welcome to the Grade 10 Foundations of Mathematics, MFM2P. This full-credit course
is part of the new Ontario Secondary School curriculum.

This course enables students to develop and understanding of the mathematical
concepts related to introductory algebra, proportional reasoning, and measurement and
geometry through investigation and the effective use of technology. Students will
investigate real-life examples to develop various representations of linear relationships,
and will determine the connections between the representations. They will also explore
certain relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures
and two-dimensional shapes. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they
solve problems and communicate their thinking.

Materials

This course is self-contained and does not require a textbook. You will require lined
paper, graph paper, a ruler, a scientific calculator and a writing utensil.

Expectations

The overall expectations you will cover in the lesson are listed on the first page of each
lesson.

Lesson Description

Each lesson contains one or more concepts with each being followed by support
questions. At the end of the lesson the key questions covering all concepts in the
lesson are assigned and will be submitted for evaluation.

Evaluation

In each lesson, there are support questions and key questions. You will be evaluated
on your answers to the key questions in each lesson, the mid-term exam and the final
exam.

Support Questions

These questions will help you understand the ideas and master the skills in each
lesson. They will also help you improve the way you communicate your ideas. The
support questions will prepare you for the key questions.

Copyright 2005, Durham Continuing Education Page 2 of 52
Write your answers to the support questions in your notebook. Do not submit these
answers for evaluation. You can check your answers against the suggested answers
that are given at the end of each unit.

Key Questions

The key questions evaluate your achievement of the expectations for the lesson. Your
answers will show how well you have understood the ideas and mastered the skills.
They will also show how well you communicate your ideas.

You must try all the key questions and complete most of them successfully in order to
pass each unit. Write your answers to the key questions on your own paper and submit
them for evaluation at the end of each unit. Make sure each lesson number and
question is clearly labeled on your submitted work.

Mid-term and Final Examination

In this course there is a mid-term and final exam. These exams will incorporate the four
learning categories knowledge and understanding, application, communication, and
thinking and inquiry.

What You Must Do To Get a Credit

In order to be granted a credit in this course, you must

Successfully complete the Key Questions for each unit and submit them
for evaluation within the required time frame.
Complete the mid-term exam after Unit 2.
Complete and pass a final examination.

Your Final Mark

Each Unit has 5 lessons each worth 2% (10% per Unit x 4 Units) 40%
Midterm Test 30%
Term

Final Examination 30%
Unit One

Lesson One

Similar triangle notation
Interior angle property of similar triangles
Proportionate side property of similar triangle

Lesson Two

Triangle notation
Substitution into the Pythagorean theorem
Using Pythagorean theorem to find the missing side of a triangle

Lesson Three

Label parts of a right triangle i.e. opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse
Recognize parts of a right triangle i.e. opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse
Using the sine ratio to find unknown sides of a right triangle
Using the sine ratio to find unknown interior angles of a right triangle

Lesson Four

Using the cosine ratio to find unknown sides of a right triangle
Using the cosine ratio to find unknown interior angles of a right triangle

Lesson Five

Using the tangent ratio to find unknown sides of a right triangle
Using the tangent ratio to find unknown interior angles of a right triangle

Unit Two

Lesson Six

Explain and use correctly prefixes in the imperial and metric system
Convert between imperial and metric units commonly used in everyday applications

Lesson Seven

Radius and diameter
Calculations using pi ()
Solving volume questions using formulas and substitution

Lesson Eight

Introduction to surface area
Radius and diameter
Calculations using pi ()
Solving surface area questions using formulas and substitution

Lesson Nine

Continued introduction to algebra
Solving for unknowns
Checking solutions to algebraic equations

Lesson Ten

Using algebra to convert y-intercept form from standard form
Using algebra to convert standard form from y-intercept form

Unit Three

Lesson Eleven

Introduction to the line
Using standard form of an equation
Using y-intercept form of an equation
x and y intercept
Recognizing positive, negative, zero and undefined slopes
Using the rise and the run of a given line to find its slope
Using a pair of coordinates of a line to calculate slope

Lesson Twelve

Converting equation of a line from y-intercept form to standard form
Recognizing and graphing parallel slopes
Recognizing and graphing perpendicular slopes

Lesson Thirteen

Graphing linear equations
Checking whether a coordinate pair satisfies an equation
Finding the coordinates of the point of intersection of two equations
Recognizing the meaning of the point of intersection of a linear system of equations

Lesson Fourteen

Isolating a variable
Finding the coordinates of the point of intersection of two equations using algebra

Lesson Fifteen

Solving system of linear equations using elimination
Finding the coordinates of the point of intersection of two equations using algebra

Unit Four

Lesson Sixteen

Collecting like terms
Distributive law
Expanding second degree polynomial expressions
Simplifying second degree polynomial expressions

Lesson Seventeen

Finding the greatest common factor
Dividing polynomials

Lesson Eighteen

Factoring quadratic relations of the form where a =1 c bx ax
2
+ +
Factoring difference of squares trinomials
Factoring perfect square trinomials

Lesson Nineteen

Recognizing the direction of the opening of a parabola
Recognizing the values of the maximum and minimum
Recognizing the values of the x and y intercepts
Recognizing the coordinates of the vertex
Stating the equation of the axis of symmetry

Lesson Twenty

Understanding the meaning of a in the equation k ) h x ( a y
2
+ =
Understanding the meaning of h and k in the equation k ) h x ( a y
2
+ =
Finding the axis of symmetry given the an equation in vertex form k ) h x ( a y
2
+ =
Plotting and graphing quadratic equations
Substitution into quadratic equations


Similar Triangles

Lesson 1

MFM2P Foundations of Mathematics Unit 1 Lesson 1
Lesson One Concepts

Similar triangle notation
Interior angle property of similar triangles
Proportionate side property of similar triangle

Similar Triangles

Similar triangles are triangles that have the same shape but not necessarily the same
size.

For a two triangles to be considered similar either one of two properties must apply.

This is the standard notation used for showing two triangles are similar to one another
ABC XYZ. The order of the first three letters in not important, but what is important
is that each of the first three letters corresponds with its matching letter from the other
triangle.

Example 2

Prove that the following two triangles are similar and write the similarity statement .

Solution

In EFG G =180 - 65 - 35 =80 and in STU U =180 - 80 - 35 =65

Therefore both triangles have the same corresponding angles so
EFG TUS

Support Questions

1. For each of the following pairs of triangles explain whether or not they are similar.
Write a similarity statement for each pair of similar triangles.

Support Questions

Write a similarity statement for each pair of similar triangles.

a. b.

Property 2 The ratios of corresponding sides are equal.

Example 1

ZX
CA
YZ
BC
XY
AB
= =
CA is the length
from C to A

2
12
24
ZX
CA
2
7
14
YZ
BC
2
3
6
XY
AB
= =
= =
= =
or
5 . 0
24
12
CA
ZX
5 . 0
14
7
BC
YZ
5 . 0
6
3
AB
XY
= =
= =
= =

Since the ratios of corresponding sides are the same then the triangles are similar.
ABC XYZ

Example 2

Prove that the following two triangles are similar and write the similarity statement.

Solution

3
11
33
UT
GE
3
4
12
SU
FG
3
5 . 8
5 . 25
TS
EF
= =
= =
= =
or
3 3 . 0
3
1
33
11
GE
UT
3 3 . 0
3
1
12
4
FG
SU
3 3 . 0
3
1
5 . 25
5 . 8
EF
TS
= = =
= = =
= = =

Therefore both triangles have the same corresponding angles so
EFG TSU

Support Questions

3. For each of the following pairs of triangles explain whether or not they are similar. Write
a similarity statement for each pair of similar triangles.

Support Questions (continued)

Key Question #1

Write a similarity statement for each pair of similar triangles. (8 marks)


Key Question #1 (continued)


4. These triangles are the same shape yet have different sizes and orientations. Are
the triangles similar? Explain. (4 marks)

5. The following pairs of triangles are similar. Determine the value of x and y in each.
(6 marks)


6. In the diagram given below, a man 1.5 m tall is standing outside a church. How tall
is the church? (3 marks)


The Pythagorean
Theorem

Lesson 2

Lesson Two Concepts

Triangle notation
Substitution into the Pythagorean theorem
Using Pythagorean theorem to find the missing side of a triangle

Pythagorean Theorem

The Pythagorean Theorem is one method used to calculate an unknown side of
a right angle triangle if the other two side are known.

Since the formula for the area of a square is then to find the length of the a side
of a square we square root the value of the area.
2
s A =

Example

Find the length of a side of a square that has an area of 100 .
2
cm

Solution

The area of square was 100 then the side would be 10.

Example

10 100 =
We only use the
positive answer
since you cannot
have negative
length.
a. Find the length of the hypotenuse in the given triangle using Pythagorean Theorem.

3m h

4m

b. Find the length of the missing side in the given triangle using Pythagorean Theorem.

x 18 cm

12 cm
Solution

a. Using Pythagorean Theorem
2 2 2
c b a = +

3 4

2 2
2 2
2
2
2
25
5
a b c
c
c
c
+ =
+ =
=
=
2

Therefore, the length of the hypotenuse is 5 m.

b. Using Pythagorean Theorem
2 2 2
c b a = +

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
12 18
18 12
180
13.4
a b c
x
x
x
x cm
+ =
+ =
=
=

Therefore, the length of the missing side is 13.4 cm.

Support Questions

The area of square created by the
hypotenuse is 25 so the length of
its side is the square root of 25.
1. Calculate the length of the third side of each triangle. Round to one decimal place.

a.

b.
7m
14.7 cm
10.2 cm
12 m

Support Questions

2. Calculate the diagonal of each rectangle. Round to one decimal place.

a.
8 cm

14 cm
b.
1.5 m

2.7 m

3. The lengths of the sides of three triangles are given. Which are right triangles?

a. AB =5 m, BC =6.5 m, CA =8.02 m
b. DE =3 m, EF =4 m, FD =5 m
c. GH =7.6 m, HI =3.6 m, IG =11.0 m

Key Question #2

1. What are the square roots of each number? (4 marks)

a. 14 b. 81 c. 100 d. 1
e. .625 f. 1.73 g.
25
1
h.
64
36

2. Calculate the length of the third side of each triangle. Round to one decimal place.
(4 marks)

a.

5m
b.
18.25 cm
10.1 cm
12 m

3. The lengths of the sides of three triangles are given. Which are right triangles?
(6 marks)

a. AB =24 m, BC =10 m, CA =26 m
b. DE =7 m, EF =8 m, FD =13 m
c. GH =10.6 m, HI =5.6 m, IG =9.0 m

4. A 7.5 m ladder is placed with its lower end 2 m away from the wall. How high up the
wall does the ladder reach? (3 marks)

5. Noah rows across a river that is 48 m wide. The current carries her 15 m
downstream. How far does Noah actually travel? (3 marks)

6. A new television measures 24 by 18. What is the length of the diagonal of the
television? (3 marks)

7. The length of each rafter for a roof is 60 m including a 1 m overhang. The peak is
20.5 m above the horizontal beam. Find the width of the horizontal beam. (3 marks)

8. An electrical pole is 12.4 m tall. It is supported by a guy wire that is 17.3 m long.
How far is the anchor of the guy wire to the base of the electrical pole? (4 marks)


Sine Ratio

Lesson 3

Lesson Three Concepts

Using the sine ratio to find unknown sides of a right triangle
Using the sine ratio to find unknown interior angles of a right triangle

Trigonometry: The Sine Ratio

The sine ratio can be used calculate an unknown angle or an unknown side in a right
triangle.

To find the either of these unknowns the opposite side and hypotenuse are used from
an angle of reference.

Example

Suppose we use A as the angle of reference then:

Sine always used the hypotenuse and opposite sides of a right triangle.

Sine Opposite Hypotenuse: SOH

When A is an acute angle in a right triangle, then

Sin A =
side Hypotenuse of Length
A angle Opposite side of Length

Sin A =
ypotenuse
pposite
H
O

How to find the missing side of a right triangle using the sine ratio.

Example 1

Find the value of x.

Solution

Sin A =
H
O

Support Questions

1. In each triangle, name the side:

a. opposite E b. the hypotenuse

2. Calculate the Sin A and Sin B in each triangle.

a. b.

3. Calculate.

a. Sin 35 b. Sin 71 c. Sin 55 d. Sin 90

4. Calculate the value of x.

a. b.


c. d.

How to find the missing angle of a right triangle using the sine ratio.

Example 2

Find A.

Solution

Sin A =
H
O

Support Questions

5. Calculate.

a. Sin 0.725 b. Sin 0.325 c. Sin
1 1 1
7
3
d. Sin
1
12
5

6. Calculate E to the nearest degree.

a. Sin E =0.625 b. Sin E =0. 812 c. Sin E =
5
3
d. Sin E =
11
7

7. Calculate E.

Key Question #3

1. In each triangle, name the side: (2 marks)

2. Calculate the Sin A and Sin B in each triangle. (4 marks)

3. Calculate. (4 marks)

a. Sin 42 b. Sin 68 c. Sin 12 d. Sin 0

4. Calculate the value of x. (4 marks)

a. b.



a. Sin 0.612 b. Sin 0.825 c. Sin
1 1 1
5
2
d. Sin
1
13
3

6. Calculate E to the nearest degree. (4 marks)

a. Sin E =0.387 b. Sin E =0. 900 c. Sin E =
29
12
d. Sin E =
13
5

7. Calculate D. (8 marks)

8. A guy wire is 13.5 m long. It supports a vertical power pole. The wire is fastened to
the ground 9.5 m from the base of the 8.7 m tall pole. Calculate the measure of the
angle between the guy wire and the ground. (3 marks)


9. A 5.0 m ladder is leaning 3.7 m up a wall. What is the angle the ladder
makes with the ground? (3 marks)

10. A 12 m ladder leaning up against a wall makes a 50 angle with the
ground. How far up the wall does the ladder reach? (3 marks)

11. Explain why Sin A =
3
5
is an error. Draw and label a triangle with the known side
lengths given in the ratio and then explain why the error occurs. (4 marks)


Cosine Ratio

Lesson 4

Lesson Four Concepts

Using the cosine ratio to find unknown sides of a right triangle
Using the cosine ratio to find unknown interior angles of a right triangle

Trigonometry: The Cosine Ratio

The cosine ratio can be used calculate an unknown angle or and unknown side in a
right triangle.

To find the either of these unknowns the adjacent side and hypotenuse are used from
an angle of reference.

Example


Cosine always used the hypotenuse and adjacent sides of a right triangle.

Cosine Adjacent Hypotenuse: CAH


Cos A =
side Hypotenuse of Length
A angle Adjacent side of Length

Cos A =
ypotenuse
djacent
H
A

How to find the missing side of a right triangle using the Cosine ratio.

Example 1


Solution

Cos A =
H
A

Support Questions


a. adjacent E b. adjacent Y

2. Calculate the Cos A and Cos B in each triangle.

a. b.

3. Calculate.

a. Cos 35 b. Cos 71 c. Cos 55 d. Cos 90


a. b.


c. d.

How to find the missing angle of a right triangle using the Cosine ratio.

Example 2

Find C.

Solution

Support Questions

5. Calculate.

a. Cos 0.725 b. Cos 0.325 c. Cos
1 1 1
7
3
d. Cos
1
12
5


a. Cos E =0.625 b. Cos E =0. 812 c. Cos E =
5
3
d. Cos E =
11
7

7. Calculate E.

Key Question #4


2. Calculate the Cos A and Cos B in each triangle. (4 marks)


a. Cos 42 b. Cos 68 c. Cos 12 d. Cos 0


a. b.



a. Cos 0.612 b. Cos 0.825 c. Cos
1 1 1
5
2
d. Cos
1
13
3


a. Cos E =0.387 b. Cos E =0. 900 c. Cos E =
29
12
d. Cos E =
13
5

7. Calculate E. (8 marks)

8. For safety, the angle between a ladder and the ground should be between 60 and
78. A ladder 8 m in length is placed 3 m from the base of a wall. Is it safe to climb
the ladder? (3 marks)


9. A kite has a string 100 m long anchored to the ground. The string makes and angle
with the ground of 68. What is the horizontal distance of the kite from the anchor?
(3 marks)

10. A ladder is leaned against a wall with its base 6 m from the wall. The ladder makes
a 50 angle with the ground. How long is the ladder? (3 marks)

11. Does the cosine ratio work with non-right triangles? Explain and prove your answer
with an example. (4 marks)


Tangent Ratio

Lesson 5

Lesson Five Concepts

Using the tangent ratio to find unknown sides of a right triangle
Using the tangent ratio to find unknown interior angles of a right triangle

Trigonometry: The Tangent Ratio

The Tangent ratio can also be used to calculate an unknown angle or unknown side in a
right triangle.

To find either of these unknowns the adjacent side and opposite sides are used from an
angle of reference.

Example


Tangent always used the opposite and adjacent sides of a right triangle.

Tangent Opposite Adjacent: TOA


Tan A =
side Adjacent of Length
A angle opposite side of Length

Tan A =
djacent
pposite
A
O

How to find the missing side of a right triangle using the Tangent ratio.

Example 1


Solution

Tan A =
H
A

Support Questions


a. adjacent F b. opposite Y

2. Calculate the Tan A and Tan B in each triangle.

a. b.

3. Calculate.

a. Tan 35 b. Tan 71 c. Tan 55 d. Tan 90


a. b.


c. d.

How to find the missing angle of a right triangle using the Cosine ratio.

Example 2

Find A.

Solution

Support Questions

5. Calculate.

a. Tan 0.725 b. Tan 0.32 c. Tan
1 1 1
7
3
d. Tan
1
12
5


a. Tan E =0.625 b. Tan E =0. 812 c. Tan E =
5
3
d. Tan E =
11
7

7. Calculate E.

Key Question #5


2. Calculate the Tan A and Tan B in each triangle. (4 marks)


a. Tan 42 b. Tan 68 c. Tan 12 d. Tan 50


a. b.



a. Tan 1.612 b. Tan 0.825 c. Tan
1 1 1
2
5
d. Tan
1
13
3


a. Tan E =0.387 b. Tan E =2 .90 c. Tan E =
29
12
d. Tan E =
5
13

7. Calculate E. (8 marks)

8. Building A and building B are 15 m apart. Building B is 75 m high. What is the angle
(angle of elevation) from the base of building A to the top of building B? (3 marks)


9. The top of a communications tower is 150 m above sea level. From a boat at sea,
its angle of elevation is 3. (5 marks)

a. Using the diagram given above, what is meant by the angle of elevation?

b. How far is the boat from the tower?

10. A ladder is leaned 10 m up a wall with its base 6 m from the wall. What angle does
the ladder make with the ground? (3 marks)

11. The acronym SOHCAHTOA is often used in trigonometry. What do you think each
letter stands for and give an example finding either an unknown side or an unknown
angle using a portion of this acronym. (4 marks)

MFM2P Foundations of Mathematics Support Question Answers
Answers to Support Questions

Lesson One

1. a. similar; all angles correspond; DEFABC
b. similar; all angles correspond; QRSTUV
c. not similar because dont know if all angles correspond with each other
d. similar; all angles correspond; ABCDEF

2. a. similar; all angles correspond; ABCDEF
b. similar; all angles correspond; QRSXWY
3. a. similar; sides are proportionate; 2
3
6
2
4
1
2
= = =
b. similar; sides are proportionate; 5
5
25
4
20
3
15
= = =
c. not similar; sides are not proportionate;
9
6
6
3
4
2
=
d. not similar; sides are not proportionate;
12
35
5
15
3
9
=

Lesson Two

1. a. b.

2 2
2
2
7 12
49 144
193
13.9
c
c
c
c
+ =
+ =
=
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2
(10.2) (14.7)
(10.2) (10.2) (14.7) (10.2)
(14.7) (10.2)
216.09 104.04
112.05
10.6
a
a
a
a
a
a
+ =
+ =
=
=
=

2. a. b.

2 2
2
2
8 14
64 196
260
16.1
c
c
c
c
+ =
+ =
=
2 2
2
2
(1.5) (2.7)
2.25 7.29
9.54
3.1
c
c
c
c
+ =
+ =
=


3. a. b. c.

2 2 2
5 6.5 8.02
25 42.25 64.3204
67.25 64.3204
no
+ =
+ =
2 2
3 4 5
9 16 25
25 25
2
yes
+ =
+ =
=

2 2
7.6 3.6 11
57.76 12.96 121
70.72 121
no
+ =
+ =
2

Lesson Three

1. a. FG b. YZ

2. a.
4
7 . 3
SinA = ;
4
5 . 1
SinB = b.
18
12
SinA = ;
18
4 . 13
SinB =

3. a. 0.574 b. 0.946 c. 0.819 d. 1

4. a. b.

37
3.7
3.7 37
2.23
x
Sin
x Sin
x cm
=
=
=

23
18
18 23
7.03
x
Sin
x Sin
x cm
=
=
=

c. d.
4
48
4 48
4
48 48
4
48
5.28
Sin
x
x Sin
x Sin
Sin Sin
x
Sin
x
=
=
=
=
=
48

13.3
62
13.4 62
13.4 62
62 62
13.4
62
15.2
Sin
x
x Sin
x Sin
Sin Sin
x
Sin
x
=
=
=
=
=

5. a. 46 b. 19 c. 25 d. 25

6. a. b. c.
=

39
625 . 0 Sin
1
=

54
812 . 0 Sin
1
=
37
5
3
Sin
1
d.
=
40
11
7
Sin
1

7. a. b. c. d.

1
2.1
3.7
2.1
3.7
35
SinE
E Sin
E
=
=
=

1
10
18
10
18
34
SinE
E Sin
E
=
=
=

1
4
9
4
9
26
SinE
E Sin
E
=
=
=

1
13.4
16.1
13.4
16.1
56
SinE
E Sin
E
=
=
=

Lesson Four

1. a. GE b. XY

2. a.
4
5 . 1
CosA = ;
4
7 . 3
CosB = b.
18
4 . 13
CosA = ;
18
12
CosB =

3. a. 0.819 b. 0.326 c. 0.574 d. 0

4 a. b.

37
3.7
3.7 37
2.95
x
Cos
x Cos
x cm
=
=
=

23
18
18 23
16.57
x
Cos
x Cos
x cm
=
=
=

c. d.

4
48
4 48
4
48 48
4
48
5.98
Cos
x
x Cos
x Cos
Cos Cos
x
Cos
x
=
=
=
=
=
48

13.4
62
13.4 62
13.4 62
62 62
13.4
62
28.5
Cos
x
x Cos
xCos
Cos Cos
x
Cos
x
=
=
=
=
=

5. a. 44 b. 71 c. 65 d. 65

6. a. b. c.
1
0.725
43.5
Cos
=
1
0.325
71
Cos
=
1
3
7
64.6
Cos
=
d.
1
5
12
65.4
Cos
=

7. a. b. c.
=

51
625 . 0 Cos
1
=

36
812 . 0 Cos
1
=
53
5
3
Cos
1
d.
=
50
11
7
Cos
1

8. a. b. c. d.

1
2.1
3.7
2.1
3.7
55
CosE
E Cos
E
=
=
=

1
10
18
10
18
56
CosE
E Cos
E
=
=
=

1
4
9
4
9
64
CosE
E Cos
E
=
=
=

1
13.4
16.1
13.4
16.1
34
CosE
E Cos
E
=
=
=

Lesson Five

1. a. FG b. XZ

2. a.
5 . 1
7 . 3
TanA = ;
7 . 3
5 . 1
TanB = b.
4 . 13
12
TanA = ;
12
4 . 13
TanB =

3. a. 0.700 b. 2.90 c. 1.43 d. undefined (error)

4. a. b.

37
3.7
3.7 37
2.79
x
Tan
x Tan
x cm
=
=
=

18
23
18 23
18 23
23 23
18
23
42.4
Tan
x
x Tan
x Tan
Tan Tan
x
Tan
x
=
=
=
=
=

c. d.
48
4
4 48
4.44
x
Tan
x Tan
x m
=
=
=

62
13.4
13.4 62
25.2 c
x
Tan
x Tan
x m
=
=
=

5. a. 36 b. 18 c. 23 d. 23

6. a. b. c.
=

32
625 . 0 Tan
1
=

39
812 . 0 Tan
1
=
31
5
3
Tan
1
d.
=
32
11
7
Tan
1

7. a. b. c. d.

1
3.7
2.1
3.7
2.1
60
TanE
E Tan
E
=
=
=

1
18
10
18
10
61
TanE
E Tan
E
=
=
=

1
9
4
9
4
66
TanE
E Tan
E
=
=
=

1
16.1
13.4
16.1
13.4
50
TanE
E Tan
E
=
=
=


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