Nazism

And
The Rise Of Hitler
Nazism
Nazism, commonly known as National Socialism (German:
Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi
Party under Adolf Hitler; and the policies adopted by the government of Nazi
Germany from 1933 to 1945, a period also known as the Third Reich. The
official name of the party was Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
(NSDAP) National Socialist German Workers Party. The Nazis were one of
several historical groups that used the term National Socialism to describe
themselves, and in the 1920s they became the largest such group. Nazism is
generally considered by scholars to be a form of fascism, and while it
incorporated elements from both political wings, it formed most of its
temporary alliances on the political right. Among the key elements of Nazism
were anti-parliamentarism, ethnic nationalism, racism, collectivism, eugenics,
antisemitism, opposition to economic liberalism and political liberalism, anti-
communism, and totalitarianism.
Nazism was not a monolithic movement, but rather a (mainly German)
combination of various ideologies and groups, sparked by anger at the Treaty
of Versailles and what was considered to have been a Jewish/Communist
conspiracy (known in the vernacular as the Dolchstolegende or Stab-in-the-
Back Legend) to humiliate Germany at the end of the First World War.
German Occupied Europe
The Nazi Partys Rise to Power:
1928-1933
In 1928 Hitlers Nazi
Party were a small,
insignificant party.
They enjoyed little
success in elections
and were viewed as
little more than thugs
by the political elite. By
1933 however Hitler
was the chancellor of
Germany. The Nazis
had risen from
obscurity to power,
total power.
Factors
Stresemanns death
The Wall Street Crash
Economic instability
Failure of the Weimar
Government to cope
with problems
Weakness of the
constitution
Effective use of
Propaganda
Force used against
opponents
Wide ranging populist
policies
Visible strength at a
time of weakness
Hitler Was A Powerful Speaker
The Wall Street Crash
The Wall Street Crash of 1929
(October 1929), also known as
the Great Crash, and the Stock
Market Crash of 1929, was the
most devastating stock market
crash in the history of the
United States, taking into
consideration the full extent and
duration of its fallout. The crash
signaled the beginning of the
12-year Great Depression that
affected all Western
industrialized countries and did
not end in the United States
until 1947.
Crowd gathering on Wall
Street after the 1929 crash.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic
depression in the decade preceding World War II. The
timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in
most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the
late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most
widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.
The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall
in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and
became worldwide news with the stock market crash of
October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it
quickly spread to almost every country in the world.This
inturn led to economic instability in Germany
Failure of Wiemar Republic
Germany's Weimar Republic was hit
hard by the depression, as
American loans to help rebuild the
German economy now stopped.
Unemployment soared, especially in
larger cities, and the political
system veered toward
extremism.The unemployment rate
reached nearly 30% in 1932,
bolstering support for the anti-
capitalist Nazi and Communist
parties, which both rose in the
years following the crash to
altogether possess a Reichstag
majority following the general
election in July 1932.Repayment of
the war reparations due by
Germany were suspended in 1932
following the Lausanne Conference
of 1932. By that time, Germany had
repaid one eighth of the
reparations.
Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power
in January 1933, establishing a
totalitarian single-party state within
months and initiating the path towards
World War II, the most devastating
conflict in world history.


Treaty of Versailles and impositions
on Germany

The Treaty of Versailles
was one of the peace
treaties at the end of
World War I. It ended the
state of war between
Germany and the Allied
Powers. It was signed on
28 June 1919, exactly five
years after the
assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand. The other
Central Powers on the
German side of World War
I were dealt with in
separate treaties.
Continued....
Legal Restrictions-
Article 227 charges former German Emperor,
Wilhelm II with supreme offense against
international morality. He is to be tried as a war
criminal.
Articles 228230 tried many other Germans as war
criminals.
Article 231 (the "War Guilt Clause") lays sole
responsibility for the war on Germany and her
allies, which is to be accountable for all damage to
civilian populations of the Allies
Continued....
Occupation of the Rhineland-As a guarantee of compliance by Germany, Part
XIV of the Treaty provided that the Rhineland would be occupied by Allied
troops for a period of 15 years.

Military restrictions-
German naval forces will be limited to 15,000 men, six battleships , six cruisers
, 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats . No submarines are to be included
The import and export of weapons is prohibited.
Poison gas, armed aircraft, tanks and armoured cars are prohibited.
Blockades on ships are prohibited.
Restrictions on the manufacture of machine guns and rifles .

Rise to power
Wall Street
Crash
End of US Aid Economic
Collapse
Rising
Unemployment
High inflation Pressure on
government
Disillusionment
with government
Interest in
extreme ideas
Opportunity for
Nazis
Apparent
weakness of
Weimar
Show of
strength by
Hitler
Rise in votes for
Nazis
Rise of Hitler
Factors
Inability of Weimar to cope with economic
crisis
Hitlers manipulation of situation
Public desire for order and strength
Politicians naivety in dealing with Hitler
Fear of communism
Lead to
Rise of National Socialism
Instability of Weimar government

But the Nazis never had a
majority!
The Nazi Party never had an absolute
majority in the Weimar government
They did become the largest single party
though
Proportional representation allows non
majority parliaments in the form of
coalitions
Why was Hitler made
Chancellor?
Public demanded improvements
Nazi Party were largest party in Reichstag
Hindendburg and von Papen thought Hitler
could be controlled
Hitler was a national figure after the 1932
Presidential campaign (he came second to
Hindendburg but had a large proportion of
the vote)

How were the Nazis able to achieve
this so quickly?
1. The economic situation
was very bad
2. Hitler was a great public
speaker
3. The SA and SS disrupted
he work of political
opponents
4. The Nazis were funded by
industrialists such as
Alfred Hugenberg
5. The other political parties
wouldnt work together

6. Chancellors in the period
1928-33 werent widely
supported within the
Reichstag
7. Goebbels propaganda was
effective
8. People were fed up of
ineffective coalition
governments and the
current situation
9. The Nazis targeted certain
groups of the electorate
10. People didnt want a return
to the hyperinflation of
1923-24
How did Hitler consolidate
power?
The Reichstag Fire
Creates a climate that Hitler can
manipulate for his on ends
The Enabling Act
Hitler uses Article 48 to create a
State of Emergency. The act
effectively ends democracy in
Germany.
The Night of the
Long Knives
Opposition from within the party is
removed: violently. The SA is
purged.
Hitler used his position, and
the frailties and subsequent
death of Hindendburg, to
engineer a Nazi take over of
government. He makes use of
Article 48 to legitimise the end
of democracy before radically
altering the structure of
government. Soon opposition is
banned and Germany has a
one party state. Pressure
groups, such as Trade unions,
are also banned. This Nazi
Revolution is secured as a
result of the removal of all
possible threats to nazi rule:
the SA, the army and political
parties are all dealt with by
the end of 1934.
Lebensraum
Lebensraum (German for "habitat" or literally "living
space") was one of the major political ideas of Adolf Hitler,
and an important component of Nazi ideology. It served as
the motivation for the expansionist policies of Nazi
Germany, aiming to provide extra space for the growth of
the German population, for a Greater Germany. In Hitler's
book Mein Kampf, he detailed his belief that the German
people needed Lebensraum ("living space", i.e. land and
raw materials), and that it should be found in the East. It
was the stated policy of the Nazis to kill, deport, or enslave
the Polish, Russian and other Slavic populations, whom
they considered inferior, and to repopulate the land with
Germanic peoples. The entire urban population was to be
exterminated by starvation, thus creating an agricultural
surplus to feed Germany and allowing their replacement by
a German upper class.
The Nazis And The Jews
The nazis hated the
jews because of the
following main
reasons.They were-
Christ Killlers
Defeat of Germany in
World War II
Inferior race
Great depression of
1929

hated
The Nazi Symbol
The Jewish
Symbol
1.Christ Killers
Right from the so-called
crucifixion of Jesus .Jews were
blamed by the Gospel for this
incident. According to analysts,
right after this incident
throughout, Europe prosecution
of Jews started, Extreme
instances of Jewish persecution
include the First Crusade of
1096, the expulsion from
England in 1290, the Spanish
Inquisition, the expulsion from
Spain in 1492, the expulsion
from Portugal in 1497 and
Holocaust was the climax of this
centuries old hatred, which was
created by Christian church.
2.Defeat of Germany in World War II
After the signing of Treaty of
Versailles at the end of WW1,
state of war between Germany
and its allied forces was formally
ended, as far as Germans are
concerned, they totally rejected
this treaty as it was considered
bad for the Germany.
After the World War 1, majority
of Germans were of the view
that, they came close to winning
the war with the Spring
Offensive earlier in 1918, but
they failed because of strikes in
the arms industry at a critical
moment of the offensive,
leaving soldiers with an
inadequate supply of materiel
and this strike was blamed on
the Jews.
3.Inferior race
According to historians, it
is widely believed that
Hitler deemed Germans as
to be a superior race as
compared to other races
i.e. Aryans,Jews,Gypsies
etc and he thought that
this was one of important
reasons of Holocaust and
prosecution of other races.
4.Great depression of 1929
Great Depression of 1929,
started just after the stock
market crash on October 29,
1929 on black Tuesday,
Germany was worst hit by this
economic downturn, almost
every city was affected and 6
million people got unemployed.
During and after the slump,
Jews were doing great
financially, that made the role of
Jews suspicious in the eyes of
Germans and negative
propaganda by Hitler provided
the impetus to this notion and
they started thinking that, Jews
are responsible for this
Downturn and they are getting
full benefit from the recession.
Concentration Camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (in German
Konzentrationslager, or KZ) throughout the territories it controlled. The first
Nazi concentration camps set up in Germany were greatly expanded after the
Reichstag fire of 1933, and were intended to hold political prisoners and
opponents of the regime. The term was borrowed from the British
concentration camps of the Second Anglo-Boer War.
The number of camps quadrupled between 1939 and 1942 to 300+,
as slave-laborers from across Europe, Jews, political prisoners,
criminals,gypsies, the mentally ill and others were incarcerated,
generally without judicial process. Holocaust scholars draw a
distinction between concentration camps and extermination camps,
which were established by the Nazis for the industrial-scale mass
murder of the predominantly Jewish ghetto and concentration camp
populations
.

World War II
World War II, or the Second World
War, was a global conflict that was
underway by 1939 and ended in
1945. It involved most of the
world's nationsincluding all of the
great powerseventually forming
two opposing military alliances: the
Allies and the Axis. It was the most
widespread war in history, with
more than 100 million military
personnel mobilised. In a state of
"total war", the major participants
placed their entire economic,
industrial, and scientific capabilities
at the service of the war effort,
erasing the distinction between
civilian and military resources.
Marked by significant events
involving the mass death of
civilians, including the Holocaust
and the only use of nuclear
weapons in warfare, it is the
deadliest conflict in human history,
resulting in 50 million to over 70
million fatalities.
Reasons
The rearmament of Germany was a
cause for war because it broke the
Treaty of Versailles (28th June,
1919)
The remilitarization of the
Rhineland (7th march, 1936) was a
cause of war because it broke the
Treaty of Versailles .
Chamberlains appeasement policy
(after may 1937 March 1939) was
a cause of war because it broke the
Treaty of VersaillesThe Anschluss of
Germany with Austria (13th march,
1938) was a cause of war because
it broke the Treaty of Versailles and
Treaty of St. Germain (10th
September, 1919)
The Nazi annexation of the
Sudetenland after the Munich
conference (29th September 1938)
was a cause of war, because it
broke the Treaty of St. Germain.
The Nazi occupation of
Czechoslovakia in March 1939, cause
war because it defied the Munich
agreement and ended Britains
appeasement policy.
The Nazi invasion of Poland (1st
September 1939) caused war because
Britain had guaranteed Polands
borders

Impact of the war
Estimates for the total casualties
of the war vary, because many
deaths went unrecorded. Most
suggest that some 60 million
people died in the war, including
about 20 million soldiers and 40
million civilians. Many civilians
died because of disease,
starvation, massacres, bombing
and deliberate genocide. The
Soviet Union lost around 27
million people during the
war,including 8.7 million military
and 19 million civilian deaths.
One of every four Soviet citizens
was killed or wounded in that
war. Germany sustained 5.3
million military losses, mostly on
the Eastern Front and during
the final battles in Germany.
The Axis Powers

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Death of Hitler
Adolf Hitler committed suicide by gunshot on
Monday, 30 April 1945 in his Fhrerbunker in
Berlin. His wife Eva, committed suicide with him by
ingesting cyanide.That afternoon, in accordance
with Hitler's prior instructions, their remains were
carried up the stairs through the bunker's
emergency exit, doused in petrol and set alight in
the Reich Chancellery garden outside the bunker.
The Soviet archives record that their burnt
remains were recovered and interred in successive
locations until 1970 when they were again
exhumed, cremated and the ashes scattered.
Front page of the U.S. Armed
Forces newspaper, Stars and
Stripes, 2 May 1945.
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MADE BY:- DHOLAKIYA HEMAL R
CLASS:- IX-A
SUBJECT:- SOCIAL SCIENCE (HISTORY)
CHAPTER:- NAZISM & RISE OF HITLER