AnswersforAdditionalExercises

Chapter1

121C Ifweweretodividethesystemintosmallerportions,theweightofeachportionwouldalsobesmaller.
Hence,theweightisanextensiveproperty.

124C Aprocessduringwhichasystemremainsalmostinequilibriumatalltimesiscalledaquasiequilibrium
process.Manyengineeringprocessescanbeapproximatedasbeingquasiequilibrium.Theworkoutput
ofadeviceismaximumandtheworkinputtoadeviceisminimumwhenquasiequilibriumprocessesare
usedinsteadofnonquasiequilibriumprocesses.

126C Thestateofasimplecompressiblesystemiscompletelyspecifiedbytwoindependent,intensive
properties.

131C Thezerothlawofthermodynamicsstatesthattwobodiesareinthermalequilibriumifbothhavethe
sametemperaturereading,eveniftheyarenotincontact.

139 18.3C,23.9C,10R,5.6C,5.6K

140C Thepressurerelativetotheatmosphericpressureiscalledthegagepressure,andthepressurerelativeto
anabsolutevacuumiscalledabsolutepressure.

Chapter2

216C Theformofenergythatcrossestheboundaryofaclosedsystembecauseofatemperaturedifferenceis
heat;allotherformsarework.

236C Energycanbetransferredtoorfromacontrolvolumeasheat,variousformsofwork,andbymass
transport.

244 1410W

265 67.2%,196kPa

Chapter3

33C Thetemperaturewillalsoincreasesincetheboilingorsaturationtemperatureofapuresubstance
dependsonpressure.

311C Yes.Otherwisewecancreateenergybyalternatelyvaporizingandcondensingasubstance.

323 120.21C,2045.8kJ/kg,Saturatedmixture
361.53kPa,0.565,Saturatedmixture
177.66C,752.74kPa,Saturatedliquid
335.37,Compressedliquid
350CSuperheatedvapor

21.55C,0.545,Saturatedmixture
326
200.74kPa,162.13kJ/kg,Saturatedmixture
33.40,Compressedliquid

70C,Superheatedvapor
1131kPa,272.95kJ/kg,Saturatedvapor

329 395C,7.385kPa

339
1566kJ/kg

356
(a)0.006476m3,(b)371.3C,21,367kPa,(c)1892kJ

375
3327C

377
26kPa,0.0070kg

Chapter4

421
16.3kJ

427
1400kJ

432
46.9kJ

435
223.9V

439
450kJ,12,750kJ

465
350kPa

Chapter5

54
0.0344kg/s,0.0140m2

58
6.02kg

518C Flowingfluidspossessflowenergyinadditiontotheformsofenergyafluidatrestpossesses.Thetotal
energyofafluidatrestconsistsofinternal,kinetic,andpotentialenergies.Thetotalenergyofaflowing
fluidconsistsofinternal,kinetic,potential,andflowenergies.

528
(a)1.094kg/s,(b)185.2C,(c)79.9cm2

531
606m/s,2.74m3/s

538
(a)60.8m/s,(b)1.308kg/s

550
(a)285.0kJ/kg,(b)4.068kW

563
0.957

567
56.4C,6.71kJ/kg

576
297.7kg/s

581
67.93kW,120C


Chapter6

66C
Yes.Becausethetemperatureoftheovenremainsconstantnomatterhowmuchheatistransferredto
thepotatoes.

618
450kJ

629C Thedifferencebetweenthetwodevicesisoneofpurpose.Thepurposeofarefrigeratoristoremove
heatfromarefrigeratedspacewhereasthepurposeofanairconditionerisremoveheatfromaliving
space.

641
0.417kW,2.2

644
2240sor37.3min

662C Becausereversibleprocessescanbeapproachedinreality,andtheyformthelimitingcases.Work
producingdevicesthatoperateonreversibleprocessesdeliverthemostwork,andworkconsuming
devicesthatoperateonreversibleprocessesconsumetheleastwork.

671C (a)No,(b)No.TheywouldviolatetheCarnotprinciple.

678
invalidbecausetheefficiencyislargerthantheCarnotefficiency.

692
264.6K,37.0kW

693
0.623kW

6105 (a)3.45,(b)21.14,(c)16.3L/min

Chapter7

713C Increase

716C Sometimes

726
(a)400kJ,(b)1.3kJ/K,(c)0

735
14.1C,20.8Btu/lbm

751
0.376m3/s

765
0.670kJ/K

7120 60.3%

7216 (a)126.1C,(b)0.642

Chapter9

914
(b)734.8K,(c)395.0kJ/kg,(d)260.9kJ/kg,(e)33.9%

921

(b)Process12:204.0kJ/kg,0,Process23:701.3kJ/kg,2338kJ/kg,Process31:1840.3kJ/kg,0,
(c)21.3%

947
1241K,367kW

950 (a)1.885,(b)388.84kJ/kg,(c)58.9%

969
(a)685.2kPa,(b)450kJ/kg,(c)75%

409kW
985

9133 564.8m/s,94,520N

9134 (a)1032m/s,(b)13,670kW,(c)1.14kg/s

Chapter10

104
(a)46.5%,(b)1.40MPa,(c)1623kJ/kg

1018 (a)38.9%,(b)36.0kg/s,(c)8.4C
1047 740.9kJ/kg,3.03kJ/kg,2353kJ/kg

Chapter11

1117 (a)0.4795,(b)5.404kW,(c)2.15,(d)12.72kW

1147 (a)0.670,(b)3.67kW,(c)4.64,(d)6.18,3.20kW

1187 5.75105kJ/h