CHEMISTRY PROJECT

On
Determination Of The
Contents Of Cold Drinks
PROJECT PREPARED BY:
SHIVAM VYAS
Session : 2014-15
AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
PURPOSE
In recent days s!"t dr#n$ %rands &ere '(t #nt!
)ar#!(s *(est#!ns re+ard#n+ t,e#r '(r#ty. Ne&s
"-as,ed t,at t,ey c!nta#n ,ar."(- 'est#c#de &,#c,
ar!(se .any #nterest #n $n!&#n+ #ts c!ntents %eca(se
I ,a)e %een dr#n$#n+ t,e. "!r years. I &anted t!
c!n"#r. t,at &,et,er t,e c,ar+e #.'!sed !n t,ese
%rands are tr(e !r n!t.
An!t,er "act &,#c, #ns'#red .e t! d! t,#s 'r!/ect #s
t,at I a. #n t!(c, &#t, *(a-#tat#)e ana-ys#s &,!se
$n!&-ed+e &#t, !t,er "act!rs ,e-'ed .e t! d! s!.
CONTENTS
I. Intr!d(ct#!n
II. T,e!ry
III. A''arat(s
IV. C,e.#ca-s Re*(#red
V. Detect#!n !" '0
VI. Test "!r Car%!n D#!1#de
VII. Test "!r 2-(c!se
VIII. Test "!r P,!s',ate
I3. Test "!r A-c!,!-
3. Test "!r S(cr!se
3I. Res(-t
3II. C!nc-(s#!n
INTRODUCTION
T,e era !" c!-d dr#n$s %e+an #n 4567 %(t t,e
#nd(str#a-#8at#!n #n Ind#a .ar$ed #ts %e+#nn#n+ &#t,
-a(nc,#n+ !" L#.ca and 2!-ds'!t %y 'ar-ey +r!(' !"
c!.'an#es. S#nce t,e %e+#nn#n+ !" c!-d dr#n$s &as
,#+,-y 'r!"#ta%-e and -(r#n+ .any .(-t#nat#!na-
c!.'an#es -a(nc,ed t,e#r %rands #n Ind#a -#$e Pe's#
and C!$e.
N!& days #t #s !%ser)ed #n +enera- t,at .a/!r#ty !"
'e!'-e )#e&ed S'r#te M#randa and L#.ca t! +#)e
"ee-#n+ !" -#+,tness &,#-e Pe's# and T,(.'s U' t!
act#)ate '(-se and %ra#n.
THEORY
C!-d dr#n$s !" d#""erent %rands are c!.'!sed !" a-c!,!-
car%!,ydrates car%!n d#!1#de ',!s',ate #!ns etc. T,ese s!"t
dr#n$s +#)e "ee-#n+ !" &ar.t, -#+,tness and ,a)e a tan+y taste
&,#c, #s -#$ed %y e)ery!ne. Car%!n d#!1#de #s res'!ns#%-e "!r t,e
"!r.at#!n !" "r!t, !n s,a$#n+ t,e %!tt-e.
T,e car%!n d#!1#de +as #s d#ss!-)ed #n &ater t! "!r. car%!n#c ac#d
&,#c, #s a-s! res'!ns#%-e "!r t,e tan+y taste. Car%!,ydrates are t,e
nat(ra--y !cc(rr#n+ !r+an#c c!.'!(nds and are .a/!r s!(rce !"
ener+y t! !(r %!dy. 2enera- "!r.(-a !" car%!,ydrates #s
C3 907O:Y.
On t,e %as#s !" t,e#r .!-ec(-e s#8e car%!,ydrates are c-ass#"#ed as;<
M!n!sacc,ar#de D#sacc,ar#des and P!-ysacc,ar#des. 2-(c!se #s a
.!n!sacc,ar#de &#t, "!r.(-a C=047O= .It !cc(rs #n Free State #n
t,e r#'en +ra'es #n %!nes and a-s! #n .any s&eet "r(#ts. It #s a-s!
'resent #n ,(.an %-!!d t! t,e e1tent !" a%!(t >.4?. S(cr!se #s !ne
!" t,e .!st (se"(- d#sacc,ar#des #n !(r da#-y -#"e. It #s &#de-y
d#str#%(ted #n nat(re #n /(#ces seeds and a-s! #n "-!&ers !" .any
'-ants. T,e .a#n s!(rce !" s(cr!se #s s(+ar cane /(#ce &,#c,
c!nta#n 46<7> ? s(cr!se and s(+ar %eet &,#c, ,as a%!(t 4><4@ ?
s(cr!se. T,e .!-ec(-ar "!r.(-a !" s(cr!se #s C47077O44. It #s
'r!d(ced %y a .#1t(re !" +-(c!se and "r(ct!se. It #s n!n<red(c#n+
#n nat(re &,ereas +-(c!se #s red(c#n+. C!-d dr#n$s are a %#t ac#d#c
#n nat(re and t,e#r ac#d#ty can %e .eas(red %y "#nd#n+ t,e#r '0
)a-(e. T,e '0 )a-(es a-s! de'end ('!n t,e ac#d#c c!ntents s(c, as
c#tr#c ac#d and ',!s',!r#c ac#d.
APPARATUS
Test T(%e
Test T(%e 0!-der
Test T(%e Stand
St!' Aatc,
Bea$er
B(rner
'0 Pa'er
Tr#'!d Stand
C,#na D#s,
A#re 2a(+e
Aater Bat,
CHEMICALS
REQUIRED
I!d#ne S!-(t#!n
P!tass#(. I!d#ne
S!d#(. 0ydr!1#de
Fe,-#n+Bs A C B S!-(t#!n
L#.e Aater
C!ncentrated 0NOD
Bened#ct S!-(t#!n
A..!n#(. M!-y%date
DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT
S.a-- sa.'-es !" c!-d dr#n$s !" d#""erent %rands &ere ta$en #n a test t(%e
and '(t !n t,e '0 'a'er. T,e c,an+e #n t,e c!-!r !" '0 'a'er &as n!t#ced
and &as c!.'ared &#t, t,e standard '0 sca-e.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
COLOUR
CHANGE
pH VALUE
4 COCA COLA PINK 7.6<D
7 SPRITE RED D
D LIMCA PINKIS0 E
E FANTA LI20T ORAN2E D<E
INFERENCE
S!"t dr#n$s are +enera--y ac#d#c %eca(se !" t,e 'resence !" c#tr#c ac#d and
',!s',!r#c ac#d. '0 )a-(es !" c!-d dr#n$ !" d#""erent %rands are d#""erent d(e
t! t,e )ar#at#!n #n a.!(nt !" ac#d#c c!ntents.
TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As s!!n as t,e %!tt-es &ere !'ened !ne %y !ne t,e sa.'-e &as 'assed
t,r!(+, -#.e &ater. T,e -#.e &ater t(rned .#-$y.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
TIME TAKEN
(SEC.)
CONCLUSION
4 COCA COLA 7=.6 CO7 IS PRESENT
7 SPRITE 74 CO7 IS PRESENT
D LIMCA D6 CO7 IS PRESENT
E FANTA D= CO7 IS PRESENT
INFERENCE
A-- t,e s!"t dr#n$s c!nta#n d#ss!-)ed car%!n d#!1#de #n &ater. T,e car%!n
d#!1#de 9CO7: d#ss!-)es #n &ater t! "!r. car%!n#c ac#d &,#c, #s res'!ns#%-e
"!r #ts tan+y taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Ca9O0:79s: F CO79+: <<<<<<<<<<< CaCOD9s: F 07O9s:
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT
2-(c!se #s a red(c#n+ s(+ar ac#d. Its 'resence #s detected %y t,e "!--!&#n+
test;<
1. BENEDICTSS REAGENT TEST:-
S.a-- sa.'-es !" c!-d dr#n$s !" d#""erent %rands &ere ta$en #n a test t(%e
and a "e& dr!'s !" Bened#ctBs rea+ent &ere added. T,e test t(%e &as ,eated
"!r "e& sec!nds. F!r.at#!n !" redd#s, c!-!r c!n"#r.ed t,e 'resence !"
+-(c!se #n c!-d dr#n$s.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
4 COCA COLA
REDDIS0 COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
7 SPRITE
REDDIS0 COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
D LIMCA
REDDIS0 COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
E FANTA
REDDIS0 COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
A-- t,e sa.'-es +a)e '!s#t#)e test "!r +-(c!se &#t, Bened#ctBs rea+ent.
0ence a-- t,e dr#n$s c!nta#n +-(c!se.
2. FEHLINGS SOLUTION TEST
S.a-- sa.'-es !" c!-d dr#n$s !" d#""erent %rands &ere ta$en #n a test t(%e
and a "e& dr!'s !" Fe,-#n+Bs A s!-(t#!n and Fe,-#n+Bs B s!-(t#!n &as added
#n e*(a- a.!(nt. T,e test t(%e &as ,eated #n a &ater %at, "!r 4> .#n(tes.
A''earance !" %r!&n 'rec#'#tate c!n"#r.ed t,e 'resence !" +-(c!se #n c!-d
dr#n$s.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
4 COCA COLA
REDDIS0 BROAN
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
7 SPRITE
REDDIS0 BROAN
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
D LIMCA
REDDIS0 BROAN
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
E FANTA
REDDIS0 BROAN
PRECIPITATE
2LUCOSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
A-- t,e sa.'-es +a)e '!s#t#)e test "!r +-(c!se &#t, Fe,-#n+Bs 9A C B:
s!-(t#!ns. 0ence a-- t,e c!-d dr#n$s c!nta#n +-(c!se.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
EXPERIMENT
S.a-- sa.'-es !" eac, %rand !" c!-d dr#n$s &ere ta$en #n se'arate test t(%es
and A..!n#(. M!-y%date "!--!&ed %y c!ncentrated N#tr#c Ac#d 90NOD:
&as added t! #t. T,e s!-(t#!n &as ,eated. A''earance !" canary<ye--!&
'rec#'#tate c!n"#r.ed t,e 'resence !" ',!s',ate #!ns #n c!-d dr#n$s.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF
THE DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
4 COCA COLA
CANARY<YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
P0OSP0ATE IS
PRESENT
7 SPRITE
CANARY<YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
P0OSP0ATE IS
PRESENT
D LIMCA
CANARY<YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
P0OSP0ATE IS
PRESENT
E FANTA
CANARY<YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
P0OSP0ATE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
A-- t,e s!"t dr#n$s sa.'-es +a)e '!s#t#)e test "!r ',!s',ate #!ns. 0ence a--
t,e c!-d dr#n$s c!nta#n ',!s',ate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Na0POE F 479N0E:7M!OE F 740NOD F D0F <<<<<<<<<< 9N0E:DPOE.47M!OD
F 740NENOD F 4707O
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
EXPERIMENT
S.a-- sa.'-es !" eac, %rand !" c!-d dr#n$s &ere ta$en #n se'arate test t(%es
and I!d#ne "!--!&ed %y P!tass#(. I!d#de and S!d#(. 0ydr!1#de 9NaO0:
s!-(t#!n &as added t! eac, test t(%e. T,en t,e test t(%es &ere ,eated #n ,!t
&ater %at, "!r D> .#n(tes. A''earance !" ye--!& c!-!red 'rec#'#tate
c!n"#r.ed t,e 'resence !" a-c!,!- #n c!-d dr#n$s
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF
THE DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
4 COCA COLA
YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
ALCO0OL IS
PRESENT
7 SPRITE
YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
ALCO0OL IS
PRESENT
D LIMCA
YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
ALCO0OL IS
PRESENT
E FANTA
YELLOA
PRECIPITATE
ALCO0OL IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
A-- t,e c!-d dr#n$s sa.'-es +a)e '!s#t#)e test "!r a-c!,!-. 0ence a-- t,e c!-d
dr#n$s c!nta#n +-(c!se.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
C0DC07O0 F EI7 F =NaO0 <<<<<< C0ID F 0COONa F 6NaI F 607O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
6 .- sa.'-es !" eac, %rand !" c!-d dr#n$s &ere ta$en #n se'arate c,#na
d#s,es and &ere ,eated )ery str!n+-y (nt#- c,an+es !cc(r. B-ac$ c!-!red
res#d(e -e"t c!n"#r.ed t,e 'resence !" sucrose #n c!-d dr#n$s.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF
THE DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
4 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
7 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
D LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
E FANTA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
A-- t,e %rands !" c!-d dr#n$s c!nta#n sucrose. B(t a.!(nt !" s(cr!se )ar#es
#n eac, %rand !" dr#n$. Fanta c!nta#ns ,#+,est a.!(nt !" s(cr!se.
RESULT
A"ter c!nd(ct#n+ se)era- tests #t &as c!nc-(ded t,at t,e d#""erent %rands !"
c!-d dr#n$s na.e-y;
4. C!ca C!-a
7. S'r#te
D. L#.ca
E. Fanta
A-- c!nta#ns +-(c!se a-c!,!- s(cr!se ',!s',ate and car%!n d#!1#de. A--
c!-d dr#n$s are ac#d#c #n nat(re. On c!.'ar#n+ t,e '0 )a-(e !" d#""erent
%rands C!ca C!-a #s t,e .!st ac#d#c and L#.ca #s -east ac#d#c !" a-- t,e "!(r
%rands ta$en.
CARBON DIOXIDE
A.!n+ t,e "!(r sa.'-es !" c!-d dr#n$s ta$en S'r#te ,as t,e .a1#.(.
a.!(nt !" d#ss!-)ed car%!n d#!1#de and Fanta ,as t,e .#n#.(. a.!(nt !"
d#ss!-)ed car%!n d#!1#de.
CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
4. S!"t dr#n$s are -#tt-e .!re ,ar."(- t,an s(+ar s!-(t#!n. As t,ey
c!nta#n s(+ar #n -ar+e a.!(nt &,#c, ca(se 'r!%-e.s #n d#a%etes
'at#ents.
7. S!"t dr#n$s can ca(se &e#+,t +a#n as t,ey #nter"ere &#t, t,e %!dyBs
nat(ra- a%#-#ty t! s(''ress ,(n+er "ee-#n+.
D. S!"t dr#n$s ,a)e a%#-#ty t! d#ss!-)e t,e ca-c#(. s! t,ey are a-s!
,ar."(- "!r !(r %!nes.
E. S!"t dr#n$s c!nta#n G',!s',!r#c ac#dH &,#c, ,as a '0 !" 7.I. S! t,ey
can d#ss!-)e a na#- #n a%!(t E days.
6. F!r trans'!rtat#!n !" s!"t dr#n$s syr(' t,e c!..erc#a- tr(c$ .(st (se
t,e ,a8ard!(s .atter '-ace cards reser)ed "!r ,#+,-y c!ns#)e .ater#a-.
=. S!"t dr#n$s ,a)e a-s! a%#-#ty t! re.!)e %-!!d s! t,ey are )ery ,ar."(-
t! !(r %!dy.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
4. C!-d dr#n$s can %e (sed as t!#-et c-eaners.
7. T,ey can re.!)e r(st s'!ts "r!. c,r!.e car ,(.'ers.
D. T,ey c-ean c!rr!s#!n "r!. car %attery ter.#na-s.
E. S!"t dr#n$s are (sed as an e1ce--ent Jdeter+entB t! re.!)e +rease "r!.
c-!t,es.
6. T,ey can -!!se a r(sted %!-t.