Tenses with Perfect Aspects

1. Present Perfect Simple

When do we use Present Perfect Simple?
- The Present Perfect shows a relationship between past time and
present time
- To describe an action that happened at an indefinite time before the
present
To refer to things that people have done and experiences they
have had. Its connection with the present is that the experience is
part of that person in the present
Examples
1. Hes taught English in five different countries.
2. Have you been round the National Gallery?
3. I have been to Spain but I havent been to Italy.
When there is a very specific evidence in the present of the event
that took place in the past
Examples
1. Oh, youve had a haircut.
2. I see theyve knocked down the old cinema in the centre of town.
Often in news reporting. The use of present perfect tense makes
the event seems more immediate and of direct relevance to the
present
Examples
1. At least twenty people have been killed in a motorway crash.
2. The Prime Minister has announced that taxes are to increase from the
beginning of next year.
After the construction of to be (in the present) + ordinal or
superlative
Examples
1. This is the first time Ive been to London.
2. She is the most honest person Ive ever met.
- With adverbials: used with adverbials that show a connection between
the past and the present, e.g. so far, up to now, lately, already, yet, just
Examples
1. Shes already done her homework.
2. Ive seen Jane a lot lately.
3. These letters have just arrived.

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