Level 3 Chemistry

91392 (3.6): Demonstrate understanding of equilirium

!rin"i!les in aqueous systems
Credits: Five
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&ou are advised to spend $/ minutes answering the 'uestions in this booklet.
4%/'(,$+ $+/
(a) 4ethanoic acid) 5C665) is a weak acid. A dilute a'ueous solution of this acid has a
p5 of ".78.
pK
a
#5C665% 9 !.7:
(i) ;rite an e'uation for the reaction of methanoic acid with water.
(ii) List all the species in the a'ueous solution of methanoic acid in order of
decreasing concentration.
<ive reasons for you answer.
(iii) Calculate the concentration of the methanoic acid solution with a p5 of ".78.
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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(b) =ustify the variation in the properties #p5 and conductivity% for the four dilute a'ueous
solutions described in the table below.
!) Condu"tivity
5Cl ./ high
,5
:
Cl >. high
,5
!
. low
,a65 !./ high
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4%/'(,$+ (5$
(a) (ron#((% sulfide) Fe0) is dissolved in water to make a saturated solution.
(i) ;rite the e'uation for the e'uilibrium present in a saturated solution of Fe0.
(ii) ;rite the expression for K
s
#Fe0%.
(iii) Calculate the solubility of Fe0 in a saturated solution) in mol L
*
.
K
s
#Fe0% 9 :.9/ /
*8
(b) 0ome sulfides have very low solubility products. ;hen hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled
through solutions of these ions) these ions separate from a mixture of ions.
(i)
(n a saturated solution of hydrogen sulfide ?5
!
6
@
A
"
?0
"*
A 9 ./ /
*"!
Calculate the sulfide ion concentration when the p5 of the solution is :."/.
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(ii)
Calculate the solubility of Fe0 in this solution) in mol L
*
.
(c) A solution contains a mixture of the two metal ions Cu
"@
and -n
"@
) both of the same
concentration. 1he solution is saturated with hydrogen sulfide and adding hydrochloric acid
lowers the p5 of the solution.
K
s
#Cu0% 9 $.!/ /
*!$
K
s
#-n0% 9 .$ /
*":
Account for the fact that at a p5 close to 7 all the metal sulfides will precipitate whereas only
the most insoluble sulfides precipitate out at a lower p5.
(n your answer) you should use e'uilibrium principles and both Cu
"@
and -n
"@
as examples.
(+o "al"ulations are required.)
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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4%/'(,$+ ()0//
"/.// mL of /."> mol L
*
ethanoic acid is titrated with /."> mol L
*
sodium hydroxide solution.
1he e'uation for this reaction is:
C5
!
C665#aq% @ ,a65#aq% C5
!
C66,a#aq% @ 5
"
6 #l%
1he titration curve for the reaction is given below and the buffer region is marked on the graph.
(a) #i% Bxplain why the solution in the
titration flask can act as a
buffer in this marked region. Cse an e'uation in your answer.
(ii) Dut an 6 on the graph to show at which point the buffering action is the most efficient.
<ive reasons for your answer.
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(b) (i) 0how that the p5 at the e'uivalence point for this titration is 8.78.
pK
a
#C5
!
C665 % 9 :.7$
(ii) Bxplain why methyl orange is not a suitable indicator for this titration and why
phenolphthalein is a suitable indicator for this titration.
,ndi"ator !K
a
4ethyl orange !.7/
Dhenolphthalein 9.$/
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(iii) Dhenolphthalein is an acidEbase indicator. (t is a weak acid and its formula can be
represented as 5(n. Dhenolphthalein is colourless in acidic solutions and purple in
basic solutions.
pK
a
#5(n% 9 9.$/
Fiscuss the effect of adding ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide in turn to a solution
containing phenolphthalein. (n your answer) you should refer to:
e'uilibrium principles
the species responsible for the colours seen
the p5 range within which this indicator is effective.
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/7tra s!a"e if required.
Clearly numer the question (if required).
.uestion
number
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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Clearly numer the question (if required).
.uestion
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