PRINTING OF COTTON WITH

REACTIVE DYES
CO-VALENT BOND FORMATION BETWEEN
DYE AND FIBRE
REACTIVE DYES BASED ON
SUBSTITUTION REACTION
REACTIVE DYES BASED ON
SUBSTITUTION REACTION
DEVELOPED BY ICI IN 1956
MARKETED UNDER THE TRADE NAMES
PROCION M
PROCION H
COLOURED DERIVATIVES OF 2,4,6
TRICHLORO-S-TRIAZINE OR CYNURIC
CHLORIDE

PROCION DYES
PROCION M DYES (COLD BRAND)
DICHLORO TRIZINE



PROCION H DYES (HOT BRAND DYES)
MONOCHLORO TRIAZINE




DYES BASED ON ADDITION REACTION
DEVELOPED BY HOECHST
MARKETED UNDER TRADE NAME REMAZOL
REACTIVE GROUP VINYL SULPHONE
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN THE FORM BETA
SULPHATOETHYL SULPHONE




DYE REACTIVITY
PROCION M > REMAZOL > PROCION H





DYE REACTION WITH CELLULOSE
AND WATER

CHOICE OF THICKENER
THICKENERS FOR DYES OTHER THAN
REACTIVE AND PIGMENT COLOURS
CARBOHYDRATES OR MODIFIED
CARBOHYDRATES HAVING PRIMARY OH
GROUPS IN THEIR STRUCTURE
NOT SUITABLE FOR PRINTING COTTON
WITH REACTIVE DYES
SELECTED THICKENER SHOULD BE FREE
FROM PRIMARY OH GROUP
SODIUM ALGINATE
MOST SATISFACTORY THICKENER
SODIUM SALT OF ALGINIC ACID




DOES NOT REACT WITH REACTIVE DYE
ABSENCE OF PRIMARY REACTIVE GROUP
REPULSION BETWEEN COO

OF
THICKENER AND SO
3

-
GROUP OF DYE
PRINTING
FABRIC PREPARATION
PREFERABLY MERCERIZED
SHOULD BE NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY
ALKALINE
DYE DISSOLUTION
PRINTING NEEDS CONCENTRATED
SOLUTION
UREA ACTS AS DYE DISSOLVING
ASSISTANT AND HYGROSCOPIC AGENT

DYE DISSOLUTION
TWO PROCEDURES
1. PASTE DYE POWDER WITH COLD WATER.
ADD HOT WATER. THEN ADD UREA
2. MIX DYE POWDER AND UREA. ADD HOT
WATER
HOT WATER TEMPERATURE
COLD BRAND DYES 60-70
0
C
HOT BRAND DYES 80
0
C


PRINT PASTE PREPARATION
DYE FIXATION METHODS
STEAMING PROCESS
PRINT > DRY > STEAM > WASH > SOAP > WASH > DRY
ALKALI IN PRINT PASTE
STEAMING
ATMOSPHERIC STEAMING
TEMPERATURE 102
0
C
TIME : COLD BRAND 5 MIN., HOT BRAND 15 MIN.
DRY HEAT PROCESS
PRINT > DRY > CURE > WASH > SOAP > WASH > DRY
CURING: 140-150
0
C FOR 5 MIN.
SODIUM SILICATE PAD-BATCH METHOD
PRINT > DRY > SODIUM SILICATE PAD-BATCH > WASH > SOAP >
WASH > DRY
SODIUM SILICATE 100
0
TW
BATCHING TIME 4-12 Hr. ROOM TEMPERATURE




PRINT PASTE COMPOSITION


COMPONENT STEAM
DRY HEAT
PAD-BATCH
DYE 10-40 gm 10-40 gm 10-40 gm
UREA 50 gm 150-200 gm 50 gm

WATER 150-200 ml 150-200 ml 150-200 ml
RESIST SALT 10-20 gm 10-20 gm NIL
SOD. ALGINATE
PASTE (4%)
TO MAKE
1000 gm
TO MAKE
1000 gm

TO MAKE 1000
gm

SOD. BICARB. 10-20 gm 10-20 gm NIL
ROLE OF UREA IN DRY HEAT
FIXATION
HIGH CONCENTRATION OF UREA 150-200 gm/kg OF
PRINT PASTE
WATER EVAPORATION DURING DRYING
NO WATER AT THE TIME OF FIXATION AT 150
0
C
NO IONIZATION OF DYE AND CELLULOSE
NO DYE FIXATION
UREA MELTS AT 132
0
C
PROVIDE MOLTEN BATH AT PRINTED PORTION AT
FIXATION TEMP.
DYE DISSOLUTION AND FIBRE SWELLING IN
MOLTEN UREA
FACILITATE DYE FIXATION

SOAPING
AFTER FIXATION DYE PRESENT ON
FABRIC
1. DYE REACTED WITH FIBRE
2. DYE REACTED WITH WATER
(HYDROLYZED DYE)
3. DYE STILL IN REACTIVE FORM
OPTIMUM WASH FASTNESS DEPEND ON
EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF 1 AND 2
SOAPING MOST IMPORTANT OPERATION

SOAPING
COLD WATER WASH, AMPLE WATER, 2-3
RINSES
SOAPING AT BOIL USING 2 g/l LISSAPOL D
(ANIONIC DETERGENT) FOR 15 MIN.
HOT WATER RINSE
COLD WATER RINSE
PRECAUSTION: TO AVOID STAINING OF
WHITE, SOAPING IN OPEN WIDTH FORM
ON 6-8 COMPARTMENT OPEN SOAPER