Principles of Scientific

Research
Reference : DAAD Session in
Sadat Academy by Sarah Wessel
Principles of Scientific Research
Structure of Scientific Text
Research Idea (Proposal)
Developing the Research
Helpful Computer Programs
Skim Reading
Methods of Collecting Primary Data
Structure of Scientific Text
1.Abstract
2.Introduction
3.State of art research
4.Theory
5.Methods
6.Analysis and Results
7.Discussion of the result
8.Conclusion
9.References
10.Appendices
Note: Show problematic and strength points.


Research idea ( Proposal)
1. First the Idea
2. Specific problem
3. Research questions
4. Literature review
5. Possible data, methods and ways to
analyze
6. Data availability
Developing the Research
Collecting data
Reformulate research questions
Use new methods, reframe your methods.
Rethink theory
Collect other data
Data collection finished / Analyze
Writing Process
Helpful Computer Programs
Collecting and sharing data: zotero.org,
jstor.org
Brain Storming: xmind tool
Find alternative programs: alternativeto.net
Systemizing Research: Clouds, Dropbox,
google scholars, google alerts, google books
Writing: LATEX, Scrivener
Presentation software : Prezi.com
Skim Reading
Skimming is reading a text to get the gist, the
basic overall idea, rather than concentrating
on absorbing all the details.

Is there an abstract, index, pictures, graphs.
Read the introduction and the conclusion
first, try to understand it and then try to get
some more details.
Try to find examples.
Take 1-2 minutes to summarize the text, write
key words and main arguments.
Methods of collecting primary data
Quantitative Qualitative
Surveys or Questionnaires
Cluster analysis
Regression analysis
Multivariate statistics
Correlation and association
Case Study
Ethnography
Interviews