CO

PLETE
SWEDISH
Say hello
and thank you
(page 4) Propose
a toast
(page
17) Count in
Swedish (page
26) Tell the
time
\
-4 `
/H'
fa*
(page
36) Talk about
the Weather
(page 48) Words for
shopping
(page
79) Ask and give
directions (page
97)
Order a meal
(page 112) Make
suggestions (page
161)
Ask forinformation
(page
177) Travel
by rail (page
186) Likes
and dislikes
(page 209) Hire
a ear (page

Seek
medical advice
(page 244) Write
letters i
(1
\\\\o
M BEGINNER T0
Level lu
(page
276) Test
yourself and learn
1
teachyourselieom)


\?\
' '0
Richard, Xarn, Mi chael and James
Aeknou led gements
CONTENTS
The author would l i ke to t hank the consultants, Ivo and Ingwor Holmqvist tmd Gun
Sjberg, for checking the material and making meny valuable suggestions, and also my
brother and bis wife, Claes and Agneta Gudmundson, for providing me with most of the
realia for the exercises. I am very grsteful to Kungliga Operan for permission to use an
opera ticket, to the Svenska Institutet for the photographs on page 226, and to Volvo for
pictures of their cars.
Introduction 1
I am also very much indebted to my coileague, Bente Elsworth, for her help and good
Pronunciatiou 3
advice; to Philip Holmes and Ian Hinchcliffe, whose grammatical works I have used; and
to Andrew Cornith, Karen Donnelly and David Hancock for the illustrations. 1 Passet, tack! Yo ur passport, please!
13
Lastly, I would like to thank my editors, Helen Coward, Kate Jarratt and Sarah Mitchell, Formal and informal introductions and greetings.
for their patience and help.
Addressing people and saying 'thank you'. Simple
Vera Croghan, June 1995 statements and questions.
For UK orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 39 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14
2 Tack fr mat en! It was a lovely meal! 28
4TD, Telephone: (44) 01235 400414, Fax: (44) 01235 400454. Lines are open from 9.00
6.00, Monday to Saturday, with a 24 hour message answering service. Email address; Discussing where you live. Phrases used at meal times.
orders@bookpoint.co.uk
Proposing a toast and expressing appreciation.
For U,S.A. & Canada orders: piease contact NTC/Contemporary Publishing, 4255 West
Counting kom 0 to 12.
Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood, Illinois 60646 1975 U.S.A. Telephone: (847) 679 5500, Fax:
(847) 679 2494.
3 Hur dags stiger ni upp? Wh at t i me do you get up? 41
Long-renowned as the authoritative source for self-guided learnmg with more than 30
Telling the time, parts of the day and days of
miUion copies sold worldwide the Tbach Yourself series includes over 200 titles in the the week. Saying what you do during the day. Counting
fields of languages, cralts, hobbies, sports, and other leisure activities.
from 13 to 100 and doing simple sums.
British Li brary Cataloguing i n Publication Data
ViH du fga med? Would you like to come?
55
Croghan, Vera
Swedish Discussing leisure activities and the weather.
I. Title
The seasons.
439. 782421
4 5
Library of Congress Catalog Card b/untsr: 95-68139
Nr ppnar banken? When does the bank open?
Phrases used at a bank and about Swedish money.
Firat published in UK 1995 by Hodder Headline Plc, 338 Euston Road, London NWI
3BH
Counting from 101 to 1 000 000 000 000.
8
Firat published in US 1995 by NTC/Contemporary Publishing,
Hur mycket kostar det? How much is it? 82
4255 West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood (Chicago), Illinois 60646-1975 U.S.A. Phrases used in shops. Accepting and declining
The coach Yourself' name and logo are registered trade marks of Hodder & Stoughton offers in shops,
Ltd.
7 Var ligger kafet? Where is the caf?
Copyright Q 1995 Vera Croghan
Asking for and giving directions. Apologising and
In UK All ri ghts reserved. No part of this publication may be reprcduced or transmitted
responding to apologies.
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the 8 Fr j ag be om notan? May I have the bi ll, please? 113
publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details
Ordering a meal in a restaurant. Stating likes and dislikes
of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright
Licensing Agency Limited, of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. concerning food and drink. Complaining about the food
In US: All rights reserved. No part ol'this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval or the service.
system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
9 Har du krt i hgertrafik?
photocopying, or otherwise, without prior permission of NTC/Contemporary Publisbing
Company. Have you ever driven on the right?
130
Typeset by Transet Limited, Coventry. Asking for, granting or refusing permission.
Printed in Great Britain for Hodder & Stoughton Educational, a division of Hodder
Enquiring about ability and offering advice.
Headline Plc, 338 Euston Road, London NWI 3BH by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading,
Berkshire. Road signs and cardinal points.
Firat published 1995
I mpression number 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
Year 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
10 Midsommar i Dalarna Mi dsurnmer in Dalecarlia 145
Discussing where you come from and what languages
you speak. Asking others to do things, offering assistance
and telling others not to do something.
11 Vart r ni p vg? Where are you going? 158
Making suggestions and accepting offers, Asking
somebody to speak slowly. Expressing displeasure.
12
P fjllvandring i Lappland Walking in Lapland INTRODUCTION
Asking for information and expressing preference.
Stating requirements when booking railway tickets.
The months of the year.
13 Har ni ngot rum ledigt? Haue you a room vacant? 189
Enquiring about hotel rooms and facilities. Booking a room.
Asking for information about tourist attractions
and events. Expressing satisfaction. Dates.
14 Var har du varit? Where haue you been?
202
Saying that you like or dislike something.
Making enquiries. Expressing disappointment.
15 Vilken linje ska j ag ta? Which li ne should I take?
217
Using public transport and hiring a car. Expressing
surprise and doubt. Talking about politics,
16 Vad r det fr fel p er? What's the matter? 233
Talking about illnesses and ailments. Medical advice. This course is designed for the absolute beginner and requires no pre
Persuading somebody to do something. Promising to do vious knowledge of any foreign language. The aim of the course is to
something. Expressing indifference. enable you to use Swedish in everyday situations and also to provide
17 Har du lust att ka skidor? Would you like to go skiing? 249 some background information about Sweden and the Swedish culture.
Making arrangements on the telephone, Phrases used
Swedish is not a difficult language for an English-speaking student to
in telegrams,
18
learn. Like Enghsh, it is a Germanic language so many words are
God Jul! Happy Christmas.' 263
similar, for example: man, bok, hus, hund, land, hand, finger.
Writing letters. Accepting and declining invitations,
Many loan-words from German, French and Latin are also imme
Expressing gratitude.
diately recognisable to anyone with a knowledge of these languages,
Key to the exercises 276
for example German Frau, fragen, Freiheit, Rathaus become fru,
Some useful verbs
frga, frihet, rdhus in Swedish. French restaurant, parapluie,
283
sergent, milieu become restaurang, paraply, sergeant,
milj in
Swedish English glossary
287
Swedish. From Latin there is museum, laboratorium, pastor, uni
versitet and so on.
Index to Grammar Notes
307
In these days of easy communications, TV programmes and films, and
science and technology using an international (English!) terminology,
more and more American and English words are entering the
Swedish language, making it i ncreasingly accessible to English
speaking people.
S WEDI SM
How to use the book
Each of the 18 units follows the same pattern.
Introduction, An i nt roduction in English that explains what you
will learn in the unit.
Samtal. (Dialogue.)Z Th ere are some dialogues at the beginning
of each chapter. Using the cassette, listen to them first to see how I R, OXVXCI ATI ON
much you understand, then read them carefully.
Vocabulary. 8 The vocabulary section that follows each dialogue
contains the new words and expressions that you will need to under
stand it.
Rtt eller fel? (True or false?) Statements about the dialogue that
may be true or false. The aim of this exercise is for you to check
whether you have understood the text. Swedish is probably one of the easiest languages to learn to pro
nounce as it is usually pronounced as it is written, Once a few general
Vad ni behver veta. (What you need to know.) Comments on life
rules have been learnt and you have mastered the specifi c Swedish
in Sweden relevant to the dialogue,
sounds it is quite straightforward,
Sa hr sger man. (What to say,) The important words and expres
The easiest way to learn the pronunciation is to listen to the cassette
sions used in the dialogues are repeated here,
and imitate the native speakers there. The Swedish radio and
Grammatik. (Language patterns,)
9 No t es explaining grammat
Swedish films if they haven't been dubbed are also very helpful.
ical structures and how to create your own sentences, Radio Sweden can be found on short wave around the world and in
vningar, (Exercises.)
El I n t hese you practise the new words and
most of Europe on several frequencies, e.g. medium wave (AM) 1179
kHz 254 m, although reception is not always good.
information you have learnt.
The most important things to remember when pronouncing Swedish
Frstr du? (Do you understand?) Further dialogues and texts,
words is that al l l etters should be pronounced distinctly, even
testing your comprehension.
unstressed end vowels, and vowels and consonants in endings, e,g,
In addition, the symbol
Rl indicates material included on the accom
pojke (boy), fre (before), sedan (afterwards), trdet (the tree).
panying cassette.
The Swedish alphabet has 29 letters:
The best way to make progress is to work a little every day, Listen to
A a (pronounced a) K k ( pronounced k) U u (pronounced u)
the cassette and read the dialogues several times, learning the vocab
Bb(
"
be) L l (
"
ell) V v(
"
ve)
ulary before you start the exercises.
Cc (
"
se) Mm(
"
em) Ww(
"
ve)
Teach Yourself Swedish tells the story of John, a young Englishman 0 d (
"
de) N n (
"
en) X x (
"
eks)
w o is going to stay in Sweden for a year to gain experience in the Ee(
"
e) Oo(
"
o) Yy(
"
y)
import and export trade. He also wants to see something of Sweden, F f (
"
eff) P p ( " pe) Z z (
"
sta)
His Swedish friend, ke, stayed with John's family on an exchange, G g ( " ge) Q q (
"
ku) (
"
)
and now John is going to stay with ke's family, Hh(
"
h) Rr (
"
rr) (
"
)
I i (
"
i ) Ss (
"
ess) (
"
)
J j ( " ji ) T t (
"
te)
S WEDISH IpngItIUIV CIA TIOIV
The last three letters are vowels; this means that Swedish has nine
tions of t
he consonants g, k, and the consonant combination sk before
vowels, as y is always a vowel in Swedish. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u,
the diffete
nt vowel groups (see below).
y, , , .
letter Pronunciation Example
The vowels in Swedish are pure sounds, not a combination of two
g
tteredish
sounds (diphthongs) as they oiten are in English. Diphthongs only
long a
like a in father far (father)
occur in dialects. short a
like the a- sound in but katt (cat)
no English equivalent. A little
The pronunciation of Swedish letters is explained below. However,
long B
like e in ear, but with the tongue
the comparisons with English sounds are only approximate. Therefore
muscles very tense med (with)
you should listen carefully to the cassette where native speakers have
like e in men penna (pen)
recorded the sounds and sample words. The guide below is only
short e
like ea in heat liv (Li fe)
intended to help you if you have any difficulties, For most people, imi
long i
short i like i in kiss hiss (Li ft)
tating the voices on the cassette is by far the easiest way to learn the
long o like oo in moon with tightly
correct pronunciation,
rounded lips bok (book)
short o like oo in book with less tightly
Vowels
rounded lipa blomma (flower)
long u no English equivalent. Start with
the u- sound in true, but round
The Swedish voweis mey be iong or shori,, bot vowei iength is con. the lips very tightly hus (house)
nected with stress. By stress we meen thet it is mors prominent thsn
short u like u in fuLL, but not so tensely
the other letters in the word. rounded lips as the long u hund (dog)
A stressed vowel is long:
long y no English equivalent. Like the
long i but with tightly

as end-vowel in words of one syllable: ja, vi, nu, se, tv.

before a single consonant in the same syllable (exceptions see
rounded lips ny (new)
below); mor, far, vara, beta, gata, jul.
short y no English equivalent. Sounds
like the short i but with
A stressed vowel is short,:
rounded lips syster (sister)
before two or m ore consonants: fli cka, gubbe, pple, kall, kopp.
long like the aw- sound in raw g (go)
(Except before -r: barn, lrd.)
short like o in Scot tta (eight)
in a few common words of one syllable: han, hon, den, min, din,
long like the 6rst vowel in the
sin.
diphthong ea in bear ta (eat)
oiten in words of one syllable ending in -m or -n; vem, hem, kom,
short more open than the English
kam, som, rum, dum, man, in, kan, men, mun, n.
e in set ltt (easy)
An unstressed vowel is always short: the last a in tala, resa; the e in
long no equivalent in English. The
pojken, ker, etc.
tongue is in the same position
as for e but the lips are rounded
The vowels are divided into two groups:
and protruded st (sweet)
a, o, u, are hard vowels
short like the u- sound in curt
e, i,y, , a re soft vowels,
but shorter bcker (books)
This distinction is important for explaining the different pronuncia
SWEDISH PRONUNCIA TION
R
The short vowels are often slightly more open than the long vowels.
Consonants
This is most noticeable when an or is followed by an r, for example:
Long vowels Short vowels
hr (here)
hrja (ravage)
g ~
edish Pronunciation Example
letter
lra (teach) lrde (taught)
b
like b in bad bo (live)
hr (hear) hrde (heard)
is found mainly in words of foreign
dr (dies) drr (door)
origin. As a rule, it represents the
same sound as in the foreign word,
Pronunciation exercfses
Thus it is pronounced as s in front
E
Practise the vowel sounds by repeating these words aloud. You will of the soft vowels (e, i, y, , ) but as
find it helpful to listen to the examples on the cassette first.
k in front of the hard vowels (a, o, u, ) cykel (bicycle),
in stressed syllables, and always cancer (cancer),
Long vowels Short vowels
as k in front of k flicka (girl)
a Karin Anna
approximately as in English, but with
Malin
Magnus
the tongue just behind the upper teeth dam (lady)
like f in farm fem (jive)
e Erik Pelle
like g in go in front of the hard vowels gata (street),
Eva
Svensson
(a, o, u, ) or consonants in stressed god (good),
Lisa Nils
syllables Gud (God),
Brita
Birgitta
g (go),
gris (pig)
Ola Olle
like j in front of the soft vowels ge (give),
Moberg
Mollberg
(e, i, y, , ) in stressed syllables gissa (guess),
Rut Ulla
gyllene (golden),
Sture
Gunnar
gss (geeee),
gra (do, make)
Tyra Yvonne
lg (elk),
Ystad
hke g finally after 1 and r
Yngve
berg (mountain)
ke Mrten like h in hot het (hot)
land ngermanland like y inyou ja (yes)
k
Pr
kan (can),
Sffle
like k in keep in front of the hard
Vnern
vowels (a, o, u, ) or consonants ko (couI),
Vttern
in stressed syllables kunde (could),
land
Bjrn kl (cabbage)
Sder nnestad klo (clauI)
Note: Some words spelt with o are pronounced with an - sound, for
like ch in church in front of the kecga (chain),
exam ple:
soft vowels (e, i, y, , ) in stressed kind (check),
syllables kyss (kiss),
Mona Lotta
kra (dear),
Roland
Stockholm kpa (buy)
PRONUNCIA TION
1 like 1 in leaf
liv (life)
like m in me
hke ch in Charles without the initial 1gol (skirt)
mor (mother)
n like n in no
t- sound tjock (thich)
ny (new)
p like p in plate
plats (piace) gote; d, g, h, 1 are mute in front of j at the beginning of words or in
like k in king
quiche (quiche) compound words when these consonants belong to the same syllable:
r is a rolled r made with the tip of the
djup (deep), gort (done, made), hjul (wheel), 1jud (sound).
tongue in central and northern
Sweden, but in the south it is made
k followed by n is pronounced (unlike in English): kniv (knife), kn
with the root of the tongue at the back
(hnee).
of the mouth
ren (c1ean) q, w, x, z only occur in names and foreign words. Then q is pro
like voiceless s in see. In Swedish s nounced like a k, and w is pronounced like a v. Qu is pronounced like
is never voiced as in measure
se (see) kv, e.g. imatar, WC (toiiet), Wennergren, Quist, @+innan (in old
is pronounced with the tongue texts or jokingly = woman). X is pronounced like ks, e.g. extra
just behind the upper teeth
tand (tooth)
(eztra), and z is pronounced like voiceless s, e,g, zebra (sebra).
v W
like v in very
vem (who)
t is pronounced in nation (nation) and motion (exerciee).
like v in very. It only occurs in
names and words of foreign origin
WC (toilet)
ovis mute in karl and vrld.
x z
like ks, never like gz as in example
herr X (Mr X) rs is pronounced like sh in mash in central and northern Sweden, but
like voiceless s in see. It only occurs
not in the south, where the two letters are pronounced individually,
in names and words of foreign origin
zoo (zoo) e.g. person (person).
ng
like ng in ring, never like ngg as
in England In rd, rt, rl, rn the r is assimilated with the following consonant so
ung (young)
like ngn
that these are pronounced almost like their English equivalents in
regn (rain)
like sk in skate in front of the hard
central and northern Sweden. However, in the south the two letters
ska (shall),
vowels (a, o, u, ) or consonants in
sko (shoe),
are pronounced individually, e,g. hrd (hard), svrt (di gcul t),
stressed syllables
hrlig (glorious), barn (child).
skulle (should),
skl (cheers),
Pronunciation exerc! se
skriva (write)
like sh in ehe in front of the soft
sked (spoon),
IR
Practise the following tongue-twisters. Pay particular attention to the
vowels (e, i, y, , ) in stressed
skina (shine),
fact that the same sound can be spelt in several ways! Some of these
syllables
skygg (shy),
sentences feature on the accompanying cassette and, if you have it,
skr (pink),
you will find the practice very useful.
skn
b Bar br os bror badade bara i Barsebck.
(comfortable)
c Cec i l i a cyklade genom centrala Cypern efter cigaretter och cit
sch, sj, slg, stj, si(on), ti(on) li ke sh in she
marsch (maich),
roner.
sj (lake),
d Dav i d drack druvsaft och drog igng dragspelsmusiken,
skjuta (shoot>,
f Fi ff i ga Fia friade till den frfrlige Fredrik.
sfjrna (star),
g Gerd gillade gyttjebadet efter gympan.
passlou
Gustav grillade grisen i gryningen.
Ipassion),
Helan och Halvan har hlsats med heja-rop hela halva hsten.
station (station)
Det satt en arg lg i julgranen i Gteborg.
S PVEDISH PRONUNCIA TION
k Kers t i n kisade kyligt mot kycklingen i Kping. g a wor
egins d b ' wi t h t he prefixes be-, fr-, ge-, the stress is on the
0
Karin kramade den kluriga katten Katarina. syQabie following these prefixes, e.g. betala (pay), frsta (under
1 m
Lasse linkade lamt lngs Lunds lummiga aller.
stand), gedigen (solid).
Mats matade mnga misstrogna musiker med miljvnlig medicin.
1fa syt a e o
er ll bl t h th an the normal first syllable is stressed, the vowel
Nisse nobbade ngra nattliga njen med Nora,
this syllable has been italicised in this book.
P q
Pelle passade p att prova pistolen p papegojan.
Quist diskvalificerade Quinnan.
r Rut rosade Rolfs rara renar.
Accent
8 Sven svarade snllt nr Sixten skrek svordomar.
t Trofasta Tilda tackade tandlkaren nr han drog ut den trasiga
tanden. Swedish is a tone language, which means that more than one tone may
v Vil l du veta var Vilhelm var i veckan? be used in one word. That is why it sounds as if Swedes are singing
x Xantippa spelade xylofon fr Xerxes, when they speak. There are two such word accents in Swedis : 'sin
z Zigenaren Zakarias sg solen i zenit p Nya Zeelands zoo, gle tone' (also called accent one or acute accent) and 'double tone' (also
ng I Engl and talar engelskorna engelska, called accent 2 or graue accent).
gn Magnus vankade lugnt bakom vagnen i regnet.
Single tone, as in English, is used in words of one syllable. Note that
kn Kn ut knyt knuten! Knut knt knuten utan knot.
hen a one-syllable word takes an ending, it keeps its sing e
sk Den skenheliga chefen i den skra skjortan spelade skivorna i
tone accent, e.g. boll (ball) bollen (the ball), hund (dog)
un en
den skna stjrnklara skrgrdskvllen.
(the dog).
Det r skam att skryta och skrvla i skolan.
sj Sj u sj uka sjukskterskor sktte sju sjsjuka sjmn.
Single tone is also used in many two-syllable words ending in -el, -en,
stj St j l inte stjrnan!
-er e.g. cykel (bicycle), vatten (cuater), vinter (uinter), and in pre
I
ska Jag gmde skjortorna i skjulet.
sent tense verb forms ending in -er, e.g. reser (trauel).
tj Krr i ngen tjatade p tjejen att inte kyssa den tjugonde kinesen
Double tone is used in most words of more than one syllable and in
p kinden. Tjosan!
most compound nouns, e.g flicka (girl), trdgrd (garden), as well
as in verb forms ending in -a, -ar, -ade, -at, -ad, e.g. tala, talar,
talade, talat, talad (speak, spoke, spoken), In words with double
Stress tone the main stress is on the first syllable a falling tone , but
there is also a strong secondary stress on the second syllable a ris
Swedish has sentence stress (the words that are most significant for
ing tone, e.g, lampan (the lamp), spela (play).
the meaning are stressed) and mord stress (different syllables in
Single tone Double tone
stressed words are stressed).
b)A1
Word stress. The stress is normally on the first syllable of every word
bphlen
t "
r rd
except in a number of loan words from other languages where there is
~ e l
no completely reliable rule, A great many by now follow Swedish pro
nunciation rules, at least in part, but others may retain the stress on
the syllable that camed the stress in the original language. That is
The difference in tone is used to distinguish between words which are
usually the case with words of French or Latin origin, e.g. restaurang
spelt the same way but mean different things, for example:
(restaurant), novell (short story), museum (museum), studera (study),
10
SWEDI SH
Single tone Double tone
g
nden (the duck)
~n (th e spirit)
Pten (the bit)
bjfuR (bitten)
Note: The line indicates the pitch, i.e, the height of the tone of your voice.
PASSET, TACK!
Everyday pronunciation amour passport, please!
The written language and the spoken language do differ. Note the
following forms of words commonly used in normal speech:
The final consonant is normally dropped in some very common
words: ja/g (I), da/g (day), vald (tvhat), go/d (good), meld (with),
de/t (it), mycke/t (much),
Och (and) is usually pronounced as , and nej (no) is pronounced
as n.
iy gftls ungt you will learn
In normal speech the pronouns mig (me, myself), dig (you, your
self), sig (himself, herself, itself, themselves) are pronounced as
how to introduce yourself and how to address people
mej, dej, sej, and they are sometimes written this way as well.
how to exchange greetings in formal and informal situations
De (they) and dem (them) are pronounced as dmm. Ngon,
how to form simple statements and questions
ngot, ngra (somelanylbody, somelanylthing, some/any) are
pronounced nn, nt, nra. Sdan (such) is pronounced sn,
Sedan (aftertvards) is pronounced sen.
X
Samtal (Dialogue)
Adj ectives ending in -ig usually drop the -g in the spoken lan
R
guage, for example: roli/g (funny), trki/g (boring).
Robert d Jane Taylor and their son John, from London, arrive at an
The past tense of the verbs sga (say) and lgga (lay) are written the ferry terminal in Gothenburg. They are going through passpo s r t
sade and lade but pronounced sa and la. Skall (shall) is pro and customs control,
nounced ska and now normally also written this way,
Passkontrollren God morgon. Passet, tack!
The imperatives tag (take) and drag (pull) are pronounced ta and
Herr Taylor Var sg od.
dra.
Passkontrollren Vad heter ni?
The present tense r (is) is pronounced e.
Herr Taylor Rober t Tayl or, min fru beter Jane Taylor och
vr son heter John Taylor,
Passkontrollren Vari frn kommer ni?
Herr Taylor Vi kommer frn England.
Passkontrollren Vad har ni fr yrke?
Herr Taylor Jag r ingenjr, min fru r sekreterare och John
r praktikant p en import- och exportfirma,
Passkontrollren Har ni varit i Sverige frut?
12 18
s yrEDIsH
ygLtR PASSPPRT PLEASE'
Herr Taylor
Nej, det hr r frsta gngen.
~ gvenason r det John som kommer hr?
Paaskontrollren Hur l nge ska ni stanna?
~ gvenaaon (to mother) Nej, det r det inte, men dr r han.
Herr Taylor
Jag och min fru ska bara stanna en vecka, men
(to John) Hej, Jobn! Vlkommen!
vr son ska stanna ett r.
John Taylor
Hej, ke! S roligt att ses igen.
Pasakontrollren Det var allt, tack. Trevlig resa!
~ aj vensaonGoddag, goddag, Mrs Taylor, Goddag, Mr Taylor.
Vlkomna till Sverige!
passkontroll ren Immigration
p on; here: at
officer
They shake hands.
en a, an
god morgon good morning
Import- och exportfirma import Herr Svensson Jag heter Anders och min fru heter U lla. Vi sger
passet the passport
and
ekort firm vl du till varandra?
tack thank you; here: please
har nl varit I Sverige frut? have
varsgodla here you are
lgr Taylor Javi ss t ! Det tycker jag. Jag heter Robert och min
you been to Sweden before?
vad heter ni? whatis your name? frus namn r Jane.
nej no
ni you
det hr r frsta gngen
thisis
John
r det din bror ke?
min fru my wife
the first time
lade
Ja, det r min lillebror. Han heter Lars, men han
och and
hur lnge ska ni stanna? hcw
kallas Lasse.
vr son our son
long will you be staying?
varifrn? fr om where?
ska shall
John Hej! Roligt att tr8as, Lasse! Talar du engelska?
kommer come
bara only
Basse Ja, lite grann.
vad har ni fr yrke? whatis your
en vecka a week
occupation?
men but
r i s t>g varandra to each other
jag r l am
ett r a year
det it, that Javisst yes, certainly; yes,
Ingenjr engineer
det var allt that was a/I
som who of course
sekreterare secretary
trevlig resa pi easantj ourney
kommer is coming det tycker Jag i th>nk so too
praktikant trainee
hr here namn name
det r det inte it i sn' t r det din bror is he (lit. that) your
dr there brother
han he lillebror li ttle brother
Rtt eller fel? (True or falseF)
hej hello, hi kallas is called
vlkommen/vlkomna weicome roligt att trffas nice to meet you
s roligt atl ses igen how nice to talar du engelska? do you speak
(a) Roberts fru heter John.
see you &galn English?
(6) Det r frsta gngen John r i Sverige.
goddag how do you do ja yes
(c) John ska bara stanna en vecka, till to lite grann a !ittle
Sverige Sweden
vl sger val du !et's drop the tities,
Samtal (Dialogue)
shall we?
Ajter collecting their luggage they go through the green exit, as they
have nothing to declare.
Rhn eller fel? (True or false.)
The Svensson family are waiting for the Taylors at the quayside.
ke
(o) John sger tN ke: 'S roligt att ses igen'.
Svensson has been staying with the Taylors on an exchange, so he (6) Robert Taylor vill inte sga du till Anders.
knows them, but the parents have never met, (c) kes lillebror heter Lasse, men han kallas Lars.
14
15
S WED ISH
YOUR PA S SPOR T, PL EA SE!
Vad ni behver veta
gtles
(yyhat you need to know)
gorr Mr
prag Mrs
pgijken Mi ss (Frk is an abbreviation of trken)
Greetings
ekote: These titles, and all other titles, are spelt with a small letter
Swedes have a reputation for being rather formal people. They are unless they stand at the beginning of a sentence. Some of the older
very fond of shaking hands and seldom meet without doing so, eration of Swedes are still keen on using titles when addressing
However, the rigid etiquette of the past is rapidly changing as the peop e, le especially if they have a professional title. They use the tit e
younger generation becomes more spontaneous.
i mmeiately followed by t he
surname, for example: direktr
Svensson, ingesjr Taylor, doktor Andersson, prins Gustav.
Goddag. Hou do you do. The most common greeting in formal situ
ations.
Hej, Thi s is by far the most popular greeting in informal situations,
corresponding to hello or hi. It is also used when parting.
God morgon. Good morning.
God natt. Goodnight. Used when going off to bed.
S hr sger msn (yyhat to say)
Adj. Goodbye.
Varsgod when addressing one person, Varsgoda when address
How to:
ing more than one person. Here it means here you are. It is widely
used when handing something to someone, but it can also mean
as k
p/ease in certain situations, for example Varsgod och sitt! (Please,
Vad heter du/ni/ someone's name
take a seat!).
Vad har ni fr yrke? someone's job
Vlkommen when
addressing one person, Vl komna
when
Talar du/ni/ engelska? gf someone speaks Enghsh
addressing more than one person,
sa y
Tack Swedes say tack very frequently, for example when receiving
Jag beter Anders Svensson. your name
something and also when asking for something. It means thank you
Han heter John. someone else's narne (m)
but if it comes at the end of a sentence it usually means p/ease, e.g.
Hon heter Jane. someone else's name (f)
Passet, tack) (Your passport, please/).
Jag r ingenjr what you do
Tack s mycket thanks oery rnuch
Jag kommer frn England. where you are from
Ja, tack Yes, please
Roligt att trffas! nice to meet you
Nej, tack No, thank you
Trevlig resa! pleasant journey
gr eet
Yes and no
Hej, John! a friend
j a yes Goddag, fru Svensson form ally
javisst yes, certainly; yes, of course
nej no (usually pronounced n)
inte not
aldrig neuer
16
17
SWEDISH
YOUR PA S SPOR T, PL EA SE!
59 Gremmetik (Langusge pstterns}
we
w
n< (plural when speaking to more than one person)
hil (singular when addressing one person deterentially}
de (pronounced 'dmm' in everyday language}. Sornetirnes written 'dom'.
1 En morgon (a morning) and
ett pass (a passport)
g~au and nilNi (you)
A noun is the word or name for a person, place or thing, e.g. en man
sm~ar, so you only use it if you speak to one person, If you
(a man), England, Andrew, en gata (a street), ett namn (a namel.
want to show respect, you can use a capital in writing, Ni is plural, so
Swedish nouns are either en- words (common gender) or ett- words
you use it when speaking to more than one person, However, it, is also
(neuter gender). About 75% of nouns are en-words, and 25% are ett
ttsed when speaking to one person with whom you are not familiar. Ni
words. Although most words for living things are common gender and
was the formal and polite form of address until recently, but du is
the words for many 'things' are neuter gender, there are unfortunate
gaining ground. If you are in doubt about which form to use, wait and
ly no simple rules to tell whether a noun is common gender or neuter
see what form the Swede uses and then use the same form.
gender. The indefinite article (alan in English) is en in front of a
common gender noun, but ett in front of a neuter gender noun. Note: The pronunciation is the same for jag (since the g is mute) and
for ja (yes), but it is always obvious from the context which word the
Most of the nouns in the first dialogue are common gender nouns;
speaker means.
en fru
en gng
en son
en vecka
en ingenjr
en resa
3 Ves, it is; No, it isn't
but there are also same neuter nouns: The corresponding replies in Swedish are:
ett pass Ja, det r det. Yes, it is. (lit. yes, that it is)
ett yrke Nej, det r det inte. No, it isn't. (lit. no, that it isn't)
ett r
4 The infinitive of Swedish verbs
2 i, you, helshe!it, we, you and they
A verb is a word which states the action of a noun, e.g. g (go). The
These words are called p
ersonal p
ronouns. A pronoun replaces a
infinitive is the form of the verb which expresses the action, state or
noun, e.g. 'Robert is an engineer,lHe is an engineer'. Below is a com idea without being restricted by person or number. In English it is
plete list of the personal pronouns in the forms you use when they are usually preceded by the preposition to, for example to e is att vara,
the subject of a clause, i.e, they denote the person or thing taking to stay is att stanna and to come is att komma in Swedish.
action:
The Swedish infmitive normally ends in unstresserl -a, which is
added to the stem. The stem is the main part of the verb without any
/ j ag ( pronounced 'ja')
endings, e.g. vara (e), stanna (stay), komma (comel.
you du/Du (singular when speaking to one person only)
he han (pronounced 'hann')
If a verb consists of only one syllable and ende in a stressed vowel, no
she hon (pronounced 'honn'}
-a is added in the infinitive, e.g. bo (live), g (go),
it den ( when repiacing an en- word)
det (when replacing an ett- word, pronounced 'de'}
18
19
swEoIsH
YoUR PAssPORT r LEnS~r
The present tense
thing that will happen (if there is an expression of time, for
example: next year, tom orrow, soon, etc.): He rr och fru Tay or
lor
Swedish verbs are much simpler than English verbs as the same form
rettcr tillbaka till England om en vecka (Mr and Mrs Taylor
is used throughout the tense. Tense indicates the time when the
urill go back to England i n a week).
action takes place. Thus han kommer (he comes) is present tense, as
the action takes place at the present time.
The present tense of almost all Swedish verbs ends in -r, usually -ar
yyord order in statements and questions
or -er. There have been several examples of verbs in the present tense
gtatements
in the dialogues, for example: Vad beter ni?, Vad har ni Nr yrke?,
r det John som kommer hr? John r hr.
John is here,
Hon heter Jane She is called Jane
Those verbs which end in a vowel other than -a in the infinitive add
Han r ingenjr, He is an engineer
only an -r in the present tense, e.g. bor, gr.
questions
r (am, are, is)
If you want to ask a question you just change the word order so you
While the verb to be has three diff
erent forms in the present tense in start with the verb.
English (I am, you are, he is), there is only one form in Swedish:
r John hr? Is John here?
Heter hon Jane? Is she called Jane?
jag ar
vi r
du r
ni r
r han ingenjr? Is he an engi neer?
han r
de r
hon r
The answer to this typa of question may be ja (yes) or nej (no). If the
den r
answer is yes to a negative question (e.g. Heter hon inte Jane?), the
det r Swedish reply is jo.
Another type of question is when you start with a question word, e.g.
Here is the present tense of the verb komma (to come): vad (what). The principle is the same: you start with the question
word, then comes the verb, then the subject followed by other parts of
jag kommer till Sverige
vi kommer till Skne the sentence.
du kommer till Stockholm
ni kommer till Heathrow
han kommer till Gteborg Vad heter du> What is your name?
de kommer till England
hon kommer till Gotland Vad har ni fr yrke? What do you do?
den kommer till D
alarna
det kommer till Ivllaren
7 Jag r ingenjr (I am an engineer)
The present tense is used to describe:
In Swedish we do not use the indefinite article (alan in English) in
(a) something that is happening now: John kommer nu (John is front of words for occupation, religion, nationality or political aKliation.
coming now). (Note that the English continuous tense with
Min far r lkare. My fatheris a doctor.
verbs ending in -i ng corresponds to a sim ple verb form present
Han r protestant. He is a Protestant.
or pest tense in Swedish,)
John r engelsman. John is an Englishman.
(b) something that usually happens: Han gr ut med hunden
Olof Palme var socialdemokrat. Ol of Palme was a
varje dag (He goes out with the dog euery day).
Soci al Democrat.
20
21
S WEDISH yPL!R PASSPPRT, PLEASE!
Note: Words for nationality, religion and political affiliation (nouns
(b) Two businessmen meet.
and agectives) are spelt with a small letter in Swedish.
Lc!
e businessmen say goodbye to each other.
(d) Two girls meet.
8 Possession: my wife's name
Boy says farewell to girl.
Father to chiidren at bedtime
No apostrophe is used before the genitive -s in Swedish, and the noun
A wer the following questions in Swedish.
following a genitive never takes an end article:
(a) Vad heter Roberts fru?
Min frus namn
my uife's name
kes lillebror
ke's little brother
(b) Vad heter Johns mor (mother)?
c) Vad heter Ullas man (husband)?
Anders firma
Anders' firm
(d) Vad beter kes far (father)?
stadens nanm
the name of the toicn
(e) Vad heter kes lillebror?
Vad heter du?
vningar (Exercises) Change the statements into questions,
(a) Familjen Taylor kommer frn England.
1 Wr i t e down the appropriate greetings and farewells, (b) Robert Taylor r ingenjr.
(c) Det r John.
(a) Mother greets sleepy boy in the morning,
(d) Han kallas Lasse.
(e) Det var allt.
4 Replace the bold words with pronouns.
Example: John kommer &n England- Han kommer &nEngland.
(a) Anders fru heter Ulla,
(b) Ullas man heter Anders.
(c) Robert och Jane och John bor i London.
(d) Du och din fru r vlkomna,
(e) Du och jag talar engelska.
(f) Resan var trevlig.
(g) Passet r engelskt,
g
6 Complete the yollowing diaiogue by addingyour anew ers
Eva Hej ! Vad beter du?
You (Tell her your name.)
Eva Jag heter Eva. Jag kommer frn Malm. Kommer du
ocks frn Malm?
You (Say No, 1 come from England.)
Eva Bor du i Oxford?
You (Say No, I come from London.)
22
23
s wsotsH
VOU R PA S SPOR T, PL EA S E!
5 Complete the following dialogue by adding your questions.
(e) Vad heter Olles lillasyster/
You (Say Hello. Ask what he is called,) Vad heter Lisas pappas fru?
Bo J ag heter Bo Svedberg. (g) Vad heter Ingelas mammas man?
You (Ask if he comes from Sweden.)
Bo Ja, jag kommer frn Sverige.
glff med
msrried to lillasyster ii ttie sister
You (Ask i f he lives in Stockholm.)
storasyster
big sister memma mother
Bo Nej , jag bor i Gteborg. etorebror big brother pappa father
7 Answer the questions relating to the family below. Write com
plete sentences.
5 Answer the following questions using the information provided
Example: Vad heter Svens fru? Hon beter Svea Andersson.
below.
(a) Vad heter Sveas man?
(a) Var kommer Greg Hams ifrn?
(b) Vad heter Pers lillebror?
() Vad har han fr yrke?
(c) Vad heter Pers storasyster?
(c) Vad beter Mr MacGregor i frnamn?
(d) Vad heter Olles storebror?
(d) Var kommer han ifrn?
(e) Vad har han fr yrke?
(f) Vad har Frida fr yrke?
(g) Vad r Fridas efternamn?
Sven Svea
(
0
oo
C
Greg Harris Alexander MacGregor Frida Hkansson
Lisa
Per
Olle
lngela
pil ol pi lat var... ifrn fr om. . . where
tandlkare dentist frnamn Christian (ffrst) name
lrare teacher efternamn sumame
8koftland Scotland
Familjen Andersson
24
25
S WEDISH YOUR PASSPORT, PLEASE!
Frstr du? 65teborg
{Do you understandP)
Gothenburg is a Swedish city that many tourists come to fi ra,
especially British people. Ferries to and from England, Denmark,
In this section you are not expected to understand every single word
gorway, Holland and Germany ply the port; trains from the conti
at once. You should try to catch the key expressions and work out the nent and planes from all over the world go to Gothenburg. There
rest &om the context.
are also large industrial companies there such as Volvo and SKF,
the Swedish Ball Bearing Company. Many Scots have settled here
and lejj; their mark both on the city and the language,
Samtal (Dialogue)
Gteborg r Sveriges andra stad, men Gteborg har den strsta
ke seestwo neighbours and introduces John to them, hamnen i Skandinavien. Staden kallas 'Lilla London', Gteborg
ke Hej, hej, Ingrid! Hejsan, Kerstin! Det hr r John frn
har mnga museer och teatrar. Utanfr Gteborgs konstmuseum
England. John ska vara hr i ett r. Han vill grna tala
vid Gtaplatsen str Carl Mi l l es bermda staty Poseidon.
svenska med er.
Stockholmarna och gteborgarna kivas alltid om vilken stad som
Ingrid
r bst.
Hej, John! Vill du flja med oss till Liseberg?
John Ja, grna.
Kerstin Kom d. Vi ska mta mamma och pappa dr.
ke r din pappa hemma redan? andra second str st ands
Kerstin Ja, han kom igr. Han r sjkapten och de hade medvind
en stad ci ty, town bermda tamous
i Engelska kanalen.
strsta largest en staty statue
stockholmarna the Stockholmers
John r din mamma ocks ledig nu?
hamnen the part, harbour
lilla li ttie gteborgarna the Gothenburgers
Kerstin Ja, hon r ledig hela sommaren, fr hon r lrare, mnga man y kivas om argue about
ett museum (pl. museer) museum alltid al ways
teatrar theatres vilken which
hejsan hi ! redan al ready
utanfr outsid e som that, which
det hr this kom came
konstmuseum art museum bst best
er you ig* ye st erday
vid at
vill grna wouid like to sjkapten (sea) ceptain
svenska Swedish
medvind following wind
med wi t h Engelska kanalen the Channel
vill du flja med oss? would you
ocka al so Rtt eller fel? (True or false?)
like to come with us? ledig i ree
kom d come then hela sommaren sll the summer
(a) Gteborg r den strsta staden i Sverige.
mta meet fr because
hemma home
(b) Det finns mnga museer i Gteborg.
(c) Poseidon r den strsta frjan som gr till Gteborg.
Rtt eller fel? (True or false7)
(a) John vill tala engelska med Ingrid och Kerstin.
(b) Kerstins pappa r hemma nu.
(c) Kerstins mamma r inte ledig p sommaren.
26 27
IT WAS A LOVEL Y t ttEAL!
'tFA' ttt,
gzltert Ja, tack! En kall l skulle smaka gott.
Jane
Jag vill nog hellre ha ett glas sherry, tack.
TACK FR MATEN!
live maten the food
p versta vningen
on the top strax soon
tfoor
frdig ready
It was a louely mealJ'
tre three
ni vill vl ha I suppose you
tre trappor upp on the 3rd floor
would like
(la three starrs up)
vl I suppose
upp up ngot something
taka att dricka to drink
hissen the lift
frst fi rst
stig ptt step in kall col d
vilken what a
en l a beer
vacker beauti ful skulle smaka golt would be nice
(en) utslkt (a) view
smaka taste
see gotl ni ce (food)
ila al l nog probably (here: l think)
htarna the ships, the boets hellre rather
In this unit you will learn
hrlfrn fr om here ett glas a glass
trstiga thirsty
how to discuss where you live
phr ases used at meal times
Rtt eller fel?
how to ask for things or decline offers at the table
how to propose a toast and express appreciation
(a) Familjen Svensson bor p bottenvningen,
how to count from 0 to 12
(b) De har en vacker utsikt ver hamnen.
(c) De vill inte ha ngot att dricka fre maten.
Samtal
(d) Maten r inte frdig nr de kommer.
Like many Swedes the Svensson family live in a flat of moderats size
tamil)an the family fre before
bottenvnlngen the ground floor nr w han
in a building not more than three to five storeys high, with shops and
ver over
all amenities nearby,
The families amve and park the cars.
!
tg!
Samtal
Anders Hr r det. Vi bor p versta vningen, tre trappor upp, Vi
tar hissen. IRI Ratf au hour later.
Ulla Varsgoda och stig p!
Ulla
Jane Vi lken vacker utsikt!
Varsgoda! Middagen r serverad.
Jane Tack s mycket.
Anders Ja, vi ser hamnen och alla btarna hrifrn.
Anders
Ulla r ni t r stiga? Maten r strax frdig, men ni vill vl ha
Vad fr vi? Vi r mycket hungriga,
Ulla Inlagd sill till frrtt, sedan kyckling, dillpotatis,
ngot att dricka frst?
grnsaker och sallad. Till efterrtt ska vi ha
28
0 wt UI 5r t
IT WAS A LOVEL Y MEALI
smultron och grdde.
Robert
socker och grdde till kaffet?
Det lter gott.
Ulla
Nej, tack. Bara en slt kopp kaffe.
Anders, vill du vara snll och servera snapsen!
Jttne
Anders
Ulla
Vad vill ni ha till frukost i morgon?
Javisst! Skl och vlkomna till Sverige!
Vi vill grna prva en svensk frukost. Vad brukar ni ta?
Alla hjer glasen Skl!
Jttne
Ulla
Vi brjar med ett glas juice. Anders och pojkarna ter fil
middagen the dinner
och jag ter flingor och mjlk, Vi dricker kaffe och ter
(en) efterrtt (a) dessen'
serverad servad
vl ska ha we'II have
smrgsar ocks.
vad fr vi? what will ws get?
smultron wi ld strawbemes Jane Det blir bra. Vi vill ta det samma som ni, fast jag vill nog
mycket very
grdde cream
grna ha en kopp te med mjlk till frukosten,
hungriga hungry
det lter gott that sounds good
Det ska du f.
inlagd sl pi ckled herrings
vill du vara sn och... p/ esse
till f or
snapsen the aquavit
(en) frrtt (a) starter
skl cheers jsg skulle vilja ha I wouid like to balkongen the balcony
sedan aftenvards
Sverige (pronounced Svrjs) hava (etl) socker sugar
(en) kyckling (a) chicken
Sweden lite a l ittle bara only
dig potatis potatoes boiled with dil!
alla al l
(etl) salt
salt en slttl kopp kaffe a cup of black
grnsaker vegetables hjer reise
(en) peppar p pper coffee
(en) sallad (a) salad
glasen the glassas fr det vara lite mera? may I give vad vill ni ha till frukost? what
you a little mors? would you like to havs for
mycket grna yes, piease, breakfast?
Rtt eller fel?
I would love it i morgon tomorrow
grna wi llingly, gladiy prva try
det smakade verkligen gott svensk Swedish
(a) De r inte hungriga.
it really did taste nice vad brukar nl ta? what do you
(b) Ul l a serverar sill till efterrtt. a so usually have?
(c) De dricker snaps till sillen.
mtt satisfied, full up brjar begin
jag masta hlla dlel I am on a diet pojkarna the boys
en diat a diet fil (mjlk) (thin) yoghurt
~ ? S Z . l :,
Samtal
kan jag fd? can I have? fngor comf lakes
a grna by sll means; with (en) mjlk milk
gl Af ter a little whfle,
pleasure smrgsar open sandwiches
r det hr lagom? will that do? det br bra that will be nice
Robert Jag skulle vilja ha lite salt och peppar.
det r bra that's enough samme same
Anders Varsgpd.
Ingen orsak you are weicome fast though
dricker dnnk
Ulla Fr det ) vara lite mera?
te t ea
kaffet the coffee det ska du f4 you shail have that
Robert My cket grna, Det smakade verkligen gott.
Jane Nej , t ack, jag r s mtt. Jag mste hlla diet.
Lasse Kan j ag f lite mera efterrtt?
Rtt eller fel?
Ulla S g r na. r det hr lagom?
Lasse Tac k, det r bra. (a) Robert vtjj garna ha mera.
(b) Jane r inte mtt.
When they have finished eating,
(c) Lasse hller diet.
Robert Tack fr maten! Det var mycket gott,
Ull a I ngen orsak, Vi dricker vl kaffet p balkongen, Vill ni ha
30
31
SVVEDISH IT WAS A LOVEL Y MEAL/
Vad ni behver veta
(lit. No cause) You are welcome, Don't mention it, It's
ute all right is the standard reply when someone thanks you for
somethmg.
Adciree ses
Skl and snaps are probably the best known Swedish words to
Addresses are written as follows:
mast foreigners, but for the uninitiated, snaps is a dram of aquavit
from a small, tapered glass. Skl (lit. bowl) has survived from
the days when a drinking bowl was used.
Eirtkv /VA 5i fwuu
/ta frukost Swedes use the word ta where English people use
have if they actually partake of the meal. Ha would merely imply that
5flv <%~ 7-p~~ ~
they have it in store in the house,
picasc There are a number of ways of saying please when asking
someone to do somethmg, for example:
Ff
Vill du vara snll och rcka mig saltet!
Var snll och rck mig saltet!
Rck mig saltet, r du snll!
Snlla Anders, rck mig saltet!
They are all interchangeable, so you can choose whichever you like,
Storgatan corresponds to High Street, 7 is the number of the house,
A the entrance door and III indicates that the person lives on the
third floor. 386 84 is the postal code, which always stands in front of
the name of the town,
S5 hr sger man
Mealtimee
How to:
Varsgoda When a hostess is ready to serve she invites the guests
ask for things at the table
to come to the table with the phrase Varsgoda, maten/frukosten
Imiddageu/kvllsmaten (supper) r serverad.
Kan jag f... ? May I have...?
Jag skulle vilja ha.. . I would like to have...
Inlagd sill Every self-respecting housewife in Sweden has her own
Jag vill grna ha... I would love to have...
or her mother's recipe for pick1ed herrings!
Jag vill hellre ha... I would prefer...
Di11potatis Swedes are very partial to new potatoes boiled with
ac cept offers
dill, They also use this herb in white sauces, with flsh and crayfish.
Ja, tack. Yes, please,
Smultron Wi l d strawberries are probably the Swedes' ides of heav
Tack, mycket grna. With pleasure, certai nly.
en on earth!
decline off ers
Tack fr maten When leaving the tablesfrer the meal it is good
manners to go up to your hostess and say tack fr maten. A word of
Nej, tack, No, thanks.
praise won't go amiss, so don't be shy! Also, when you next meet your
Tack, det r bra, That's enough.
host or hostess you should say tack fr senast, even if it is months
Jag r mtt. I've had enough (food).
after the dinner party,
32 33
s WC U I Slf
IT WAS A LOVEL Y MEAL!
of fer things to others
Fr det vara lite mera?
g 7ha addltional definite article
May I give you a little more?
Ni vill vl ha.. . ? Would you Like?
lf there is a qualifying word (e.g. an adjective) immediately- before the
ot her phrases
noun, oun Swedish uses both a separate word den in front of the adjec
t,v~ that precedes en- words, det in front of the adjective that pre
Jag r hungrig. I'm hungry.
~~ et t - words, de in front of plural words and the definite article
Jag r trstig. I m thirsty,
at the end of the word.
Det var mycket gott. It was very nice.
Tack s mycket
den fina vningen the nice flat
Thank you very much.
Skl! Cheers!
det fina huset the nice house
de fina husen the nice houses
den/det/de is called the additional def
inite article.
Grammatik
3 Vilken vacker utsikt!
1 Howt oaay' t he'
Notice how vilken is used in exclamations. You can also use en
sdan (such a), e,g. en sdan vacker utsiktl (Lit. such a beautiful
The is an ending in Swedish, not a separate word as it is in English. If view).
the noun is an en- word (common gender) and enda in a consonant,
-en is added at the end of the word. If the noun is an ett- word
(neuter gender) and ends in a consonant, -et is added.
4 Hrifrn (from here)
en vning a flat vningen the flat Note the inverted word order in words such as:
en hiss a l i ft hissen the lift
hrifrn from here (lit. here from)
ett vin a wi ne vinet the wine drifrn from there (lit. there from)
ett hus a house huset the house varifrn from where (lit. where from)
uppifrn from above (ht. up from)
Nouns that end in an unstressed vowel only add -n or -t res pectively,
nerifrn from below (lit, down from)
for example:
framifrn from the front (lit. forward from)
en flicka a girl flickan the girl bakifrn
from the back (lit. back from)
en gata a street gatan the street
ett pple an apple pplet the apple
5 Kan, ska, vill, mste, fr, lter
ett frimrke a stamp frimrket the stamp
These endings are called the definite article.
These verbs are called modal verbs. They correspond to the English
verbs can shall will must may let. The important thing about
Note: The noun following a genitive never takes an end article, e.g,
them is that they can only be followed by a plain infinitive, i.e.
stadens namn (the name of the town), husets nummer (the number
an infinitive without att ('to' in English) in a two-verb clause, for
of the house),
exam ple:
Kan jag f lite socker? Can I have some sugar?
34
35
SWED/SH IT WAS A LOVEL Y !V!EAL!
Han ska vara hr ett r. He will stay hare a year.
Vasi cannot take a genitive -s. The others form their possessive by
Vill du ha mera? Do you want some mors?
adding an -s, e.g, vems, vilkens, vilkets, vilkas. Vem can only refer
Du mste komma till Sverige, You must come to Sweden. to one person. In plural vilka must be used.
Skulle jag kunna f lite mera? May I have some mors?
Vem r hon. Who is she?
Du fr komma nu. You may come now.
Vems hus r det? Whose house is it?
Lt oss sga du. Let's drop the titles.
Vilka filmer gillar du? Which filma do you like?
Vad vill du gra? What do you want to do?
6 Ha- har, t a- t ar
Note that vad cannot be used before a noun in Swedish as uhat can
be in English. What nonsense is translated as sdana dumheter in
Ha (have) and ta (taks) are infinitives. The present tense of these
Swedish. However, it is possible to say vad fr en bil (what kind of
verbs are:
car), vad fr ett hus (u hat ki nd of house), vad fr namn (what kind
jag har jag tar
of names).
du har du tar
y5 +5o
han/hon/den/det har han/hon/den/det tar
9 Numerals: 0- 12
vi har vi tar
ni har ni tar
de har de tar
0 noll (pronounced 'nli')
t et t
2 t v
3 l r e
4 f yra
7 A cup of coffee, a glass of sherry 5 f em
6 sex
There is no word corresponding to of in expressions indicating
7 sj u
6 t t a
measure like en kopp kaffe (a cup of coffee), en flaska vin (a bottle
9 ni o (pronounced 'nie' in everyday speech)
of wi ne), ett glas vatten (a glass of u ater). f 0 tio (pronounced 'tie' in everyday speech)
elva
12 tolv
8 Vem, vad, vilken (who, what, which)
Note that Swedes use the neuter form ett (not en) when counting,
These words are used in direct and indirect questions. They are called
the interrogative pronouns, In this unit you have met vad fr vi ?
(what uill we get?), vad vill ni ha? (what would you like?), vad
brukar ni t a? (what do you normally eat?). The common inter
vningar
rogative pronouns are:
vem who(m)
I Complete the coiumn below.
vad wha t
vilken which, who or what in front of or referring to en-words
Example: en vning vningen
vilket whi ch, who or whatin front of or referring to ett-words
vilka whi ch, who or what in front of or referring to plural words en familj.. . ett glas ..
en sekreterare... ett hus ..
36 37
IT WAS A LOVEL Y MEAL!
S WEDISH
en trappa... ett pass. . . Fg in the missing words.
en hiss... ett vin. . . (~m where).
.. . . . . kommer hon?
en hamn... ett salt . . . man tittar p (looks at) huset, (from aboue).
. . . . . . och (from
en kopp... (ett) kaffe... b iow)
,...., (from the front).... . . . och (from the back),...
en middag... gmmer du inte (from here).
. .. . . . ?
(en) grdde... Nej, jag kommer (from there).
. . . . . . .
2 Answer the questions in Swedish, as indicated. Answer the questions about the dialogues in Swedish,
(a) Vill du ha ngot att dricka? (accept) (a) r de trstiga?
(b) Vill du ha mjlk i teet? (dec l i ne) (b) Lagar Anders middagen?
(c) Vil l du ha mera smultron? (I would love to) (c) Vill alla ha mera efterrtt?
(d) r det lagom? (Yes, it is enough)
(d) Vill de inte ta frukost?
(e) Vill du hellre ha kaffe? (I would prefer tea)
(e) Tackar Ulla fr maten?
3 Say the following in Swedish.
Fill in the missing numbers. Spell out the words.
(a) May I have a cold beer, please? Han har (1)....... huvud (head), (2).
... ... ben (lega), (6) ..
(b) Please can I have the salt?
koppar, (3). . . . . , t i dni ngar (newspapers), (4). . . . . , , flaskor
(c) John, please serve the wine!
rdvin, (8).... . . , glas, (5).... . . . barn (children).
(d) Please, give me some coffee,
8 Complete the dialogue,
(e) I would like to have some sugar, please.
You (Say you would like a cup of coffee.)
4 Ask for the following things in Swedish.
Siv Vi l l du ha socker och grdde till kaffet?
You (Say you would like milk and sugar,)
Siv Du viH vl ha en sm rgs ocks?
You (Say no thanks, you are not hungry, only thirsty.)
Siv r det bra s?
You (Say thank you, it was very nice.)
Frstr du?
Smrgsbordet
(e)
Ni vill frmodligen prva det bermda svenska smrgsbordet. Det
r inte lika vanligt som det brukade vara inte med de hundra
rtter som det brukade ha. Men mnga hotell och fina restau
ranger och frjorna till Sverige serverar smrgsbord till
en flaska a t!o!!Ie (en) apelsinsaft orangejuice
lunch. Fr ett rimligt pris kan man ta . . . och ta. . . och ta!
(ett) rdvin red rrine (ett) vatten rra!er
38
39
Man brjar vid ena ndan av bordet med fiskrtter sill, rkor,
lax o.d. sedan ktt och ggrtter, sedan efterrtt, sedan ost. Man
dricker l och snaps till sm rgsbordet. Men ta god tid p dig det
kan ta mnga timmar!
HUR DAGS
srnrgsbordet Swedish tradition
bordet the table
al buffet
flskrtter fi sh dishes STIGER NI UPP?
frmodligen pr obably
rkor pr awns
lika vanligt som as common as
(en) lax salmon
brukade vara vsed to be
o.d. (och dylikt) et c.
8'hat tirne do you get up?
hundra hundred
(ett) ktt meat
rtter di shes
ggrtter egg dishes
fina fi ne
(en) ost cheese
restauranger restaurants
ta god tid p dig al l ow plenty ol
frjorna the ferries time
ett rftnllgt pris a reasonable price timmar hours
man one, you
samme the same
ena ndan av one end of
In this unit you will learn
Rtt eller fel?
how to say what time it is
(a) Smrgsbordet r mycket vanligt i Sverige, how to say what you do during the day
(b) Smrgsbordet har alltid hundra rtter. how to say the days of the week and parts of the day
(c) Man kan ta s mycket man vill fr samma pris,
how to count from 13 to 100
(d) Man behver inte mycket tid fr att ta smrgsbord.
Samtal
8
Jane and Ulla discuss the daily routine in the Svensson family,
Jane Hur dags stiger ni upp p m orgonen?
Ull a Jag st i ger upp klockan halv sju, fr vi ter frukost tio ver
sju. Lasse brjar skolan klockan tta, s vi mste g
hrifrn kvart i tta.
Anders Jag stiger upp tjugo i sju. Jag mste vara p kontoret
klockan nio, s jag kr hrifrn fem ver halv nio.
Ake Min v ckarklocka ringer klockan sju. Jag brjar ibland
klockan tta och ibland klockan nio p universitetet. Jag
tar sprvagnen fem i halv nio i morgon.
Ull a Vi dri cker f rmiddagska8e klockan halv elva och ter
lunch klockan ett, men det gr vi p jobbet. Jag arbetar ju
deltid, s jag gr hem efter lunchen. Jag handlar middags
40
41
S WEDISH
WHA r TttvtE DO voU GET UP?
maten p vgen hem. Lasse slutar skolan klockan halv
Samtal
fyra, s vi dricker te nr han kommer hem p ejtermidda.
gen, ungefr kvart i fyra.
Nr ter ni middag? ke and John discuss what they do in their spare time.
Inte frrn halv sju p kvllen nr alla har kommit hem.
Vad ska vi gra i kvll?
Vi dricker te nr Lasse har gtt till sngs vid halv nio
I kvll mste vi stanna hemma och se efter Lasse. Dina frl
tiden,
drar ska ju g p konsert och det r mndag idag och d gr
Anders Ul l a och jag gr och lgger oss lite ver elva, men ke
mamma och pappa ut. Mamma gr p en kurs i fransk kon
stannar uppe till efter midnatt. Han r en riktig nattuggla.
versation och pappa diskuterar politik med sina partivnner,
Men vi kan spela skivor eller titta p TV.
hur dags f at what time?
arbetar work Jojtn Gr du ocks p ngon kurs?
stiger upp get up
ju of course, as yov know +e Ja, p tisdagarna lr jag mig spela gitarr, och p torsdagarna
halv sju at half past six
deltid part-time
gr jag p en fotokurs,
tio ver sju ten past seven
hem home
brjar skolan starts school
John Vad gr du p onsdagarna d?
handlar shop
en skola a school
p vgen hem on the way home
D brukar jag trffa mina vnner. Vi gr och fikar eller
kvart i tta a quarter to eight
slutar finishes kanske p bio. P fredag ska vi g p en popkonsert. Vill du
tjugo I sju twenty to seven
p eftermiddagen in the
flja med?
ett kontor an office
afternoon
fem ver halv nio twenty-live
John Ja, grna. Vad hnder p lrdagar och sndagar d?
ungefr about
to nine inte frrn not until
ke P l rdagarna gr jag till min idrottsklubb, och sedan gr vi
en vckarklocka an alarm ciock
p kvllen in the evening
ut p stan. P sndagarna gr vi i kyrkan p morgonen, och
ringer rings
har gtt till sngs has gone to bed p eftermiddagen gr jag och pappa p fotbollsmatch.
ibland sometimes
vid halv nio-tiden arovnd half
en sprvagn a tram
pest eight
fem I halv nio twenty-!i ve past
I kvll tonight en gitarr a guitar
gr och lgger oss go to bed
eight
se efter look efter p torsdagarna on Thursdays
lite ver a little past
(ett) frmiddagskaffe morning
dina your en fotokurs a coursein
(en) midnatt midnight
coffee
frldrar parents photography
riktig true
gr do
en konsert (pronounced knsr) p onsdegerne on Wednesdays
en nattuggle a night-owl
jobbet the place of work
a concert trffe mest
(en) mndag (a) Monday en vn a friend
Idag today fikar have e coffee
ut out kanske perhaps
en kurs a course (en) bio cinema
fransk French p fredag on Friday
en konversation a conversation en popkonsert a pop concert
Rtt eller fel?
diskuterar discusses flja med come wtth us
(en) politik politics hnder
nappen s
sina his
(a) Lasse brjar skolan klockan nio.
p lrdagar on Saturdays
(b) ke brjar ibland klockan tta p universitetet.
partlVnner friends in his p sndagar on Sundays
politi cal party min my
(c) De dricker te klockan halv elva p frmiddagen. spela skivor piay records en idrottsklubb an athietic club,
(d) Lasse gr och lgger sig ungefhr tjugo ver nio, titta look a sports club
ngon some p stan (from staden) into town
p& tisdagarna on Tuesdays I kyrkan to church
Ir jag mig I learn en fotbollsmatch a football match
42 43
SWE 0/ SM WHA r TIME DO YOU GET UP?
Rtt eller fel?
S hr sger man
(a) Lasse mste se efter John och ke i kvll.
(b) ke gr inte p ngon kurs,
gow to:
(c) ke trffar sina vnner p onsdagarna.
(d) P lrdagarna gr ke och Anders p fotbollsmatch.
say what time it is
Klockan r ett.
It's one o'clock.
Klockan r fem ver ett
It's fwe past one.
Vad ni behver veta Klockan r kvart ver ett.
It's a quarter past one.
Klockan r tjugo ver ett.
It's twenty past one.
Klockan r halv tv.
It'5 hal f past one.
CIoc1c8
Klockan r tjugo i tv. It's twenty to two.
Ett armbandsur ett fickur en vckarklocka en ringklocka
Klockan r kvart, i tv.
It's a quarter to two.
en kyrkklocka (a watch a pocket watch an alarm clock a bell
Klockan r fem i halv tre.
It's twenty-five past two.
- a church bell)
Klockan r fem ver halv tre. It's twenty-five to three.
KLQGKA>E> ETTITYA etc.
1'1 1
10 2
i v er
KVART 1 6 5 K VART OVER
6
~
OVER RLV 5 t HALV
6
HALV ETT/TVA etc.
Note that half past an hour in English corresponds to half to the next
hour in Swedish, e.g. halv sju (hal f past six).
Note: No preposition is used where English has at; for example,
Although Swedish has the words armbandsur and fickur, the word
skolan brjar klockan tta (school starts at eight o'clock).
klocka is the normal word used both for clock, watch and bell. When
It is also possible to abbreviate klockan to just kl., e.g. kl. 1 (one
telling the time, it is the only word used.
o'clock). If you use the 12-hour clock, fm or f.m. (frmiddagen) cor
Coffee
resonds to a.m . and em or e.m. (eftermiddagen) corresponds to p.m .
use other common expressions in connection with clocks
Swedes usually drink coffee in the morning, and coffee or tea in the
afternoon, Late at night they usually drink tea, often without milk. A Hur mycket r klockan? What timeisit?
lot more coffee than tea is drunk, in fact more coffee per person is Vad r klockan? What timeisit?
drunk in Scandinavia than anywhere else in the world. Min klocka gr fel. My watch is u:rong.
Klockan gr fem minuter fre. Th e elockis jive minutes fast.
Klockan gr tre minuter efter. The clock is three minutes slow.
Klockan str. The clock i en't worki ng.
44
45
0 WC VI O t f
WHA T TIMIE DO YOU GET UP?
Kockan har stannat.
The clock has stopped,
Klockan gr rtt,
flickor. 4 denotes that the word is unchanged in its Plural form.
The clock is right.
Klockan slr tolv, The clock strikes twelve.
ask about daily routine
g yeckodagarna (the days of the week)
Hur dags stiger du upp? What time do you get up? sndag ( pr onounced: snnda) Sunday
Nr ter du frukost? When do you have breakfast? mndag (pronounced; mnnda) Monday
Nr gr du och lgger dig? When do you go to bed? tisdag (p r onounced; tisda) Tuesday
Hur dags gr du och lgger dig?
What time do you go to bed? onsdag ( pr onounced: onsda) Wednesday
torsdag ( pronounced torsda) Thursday
fredag (p r onounced: freda) Friday
Grammatik lrdag (pr onounced: lrda) Saturday
Notice that Swedish does not use a capital letter for the names of the
days of the week.
1 Plural forms of Swedish nouns
3 P
The plural ending of most English nouns is -s, e,g. girls. It is not quite
so simple in Swedish as there are five main ways of forming the plural.
The versatile preposition p is used both with the days of the week
These are caBed the five declensions. Fortunately it is usually possi
and parts of the day.
ble to tell which declension a noun belongs to from the form of the
noun. The nouns belonging to the first declension are en- words, and Vad ska du gra p sndag? What are you goi ng to do
the majority end in -a in their singular form. They drop this -a before on Sunday?
the plural ending -or is added.
P lrdagarna spelar ke On Saturdayskeplays
fotboll. football.
en flicka tv flickor
I England dricker man te In England one drinks tea
en gata tv gator
p morgonen, in the morning.
en skola tv skolor
Lasse gr till sngs tidigt Lasse goes to bed early
A small number of first declension nouns do not end in -a in the p kvllen. in the evening.
singular, so the plural ending is added to the singular form:
en ros
a rose 4 Adjectives
tv rosor two roses
You have already encountered some of these first declension nouns,
An adjective is a word that denotes quahty, e.g. stor (big, large), fin
(fine), dyr (expensive), biHig (cheap), vacker (beauti ful), lng (long),
e.g. en mamma, en pappa, en firma, en trappa, en resa.
hg (high), svr (di fficult).
From now onwards, nouns will be listed as they appear in dictionaries.
You can then see immediately from the endings if a noun is an en
In Swedish adjectives take endings which have to agree with the
word or an ett- word, and the plural ending is also given. Thus the
noun that the adjective refers to, i.e, an adjective referring to an en
dictionary would give you e.g. flicka (-an -or) where the -an ending
word in (the indefinite form) singular is in the basic form (the form
tells you that flickan is the definite form singular (so the word must
you find in the dictionary), whereas an adjective refemng to an ett
be an en- word), and -or tells you that the indefinite form plural is
word in (the indefinite form) singular has -t added to the end.
46
47
S i!i!ED I S H WHA I I I I NC VV 7 V U (i ~ I V V !
All adjectives referring to plural nouns (i.e. both en- and ett- words)
tjugoett (-en) (often pronounced 'tjuett', 'tjuen')
must end in -a: 22 tjugotv
tjugotre
en stor stad et t s t or t museum st or a museer
24
tjugofyra
en fin bt ett fint yrke fina yrken 26 tjugofem
en dyr klocka ett dyr t l and dyra klockor 26
tjugosex
27 tjugosju
This rule also applies to adjectives when the adjective follows the
28 tj ugotta
noun that it refers to and a form of the verb to be: 29 tjugonio
trettio, tretti
staden r stor museet r stort btarna r stora
trettiett etc.
fyrtio, fyrti (always pronounced 'forti')
From now onwards, adjectives will be listed in the vocabularies in
50 femo femti
their basic form only, i.e. as they appear in the dictionaries, unless
60 sextio, sexti
they are irregular, 70 sjuttio, sjut
80 ttio, tti
90 ni ttio, nitti
8 G
100 (ett) hundra
G is the normal word for translating the English verb to go or to En is used before en- words, e.g. tjugoen veckor.
travel about vehicles. If a person is using some means of transport Ett is used before ett- words, e,g, tjugoett r.
ka is the most common word for translating go, as g cannot be Thus: etthundratjugoen dagar (121 days).
used, G used about a person or persons can only mean to walk or to Note: Swedish uses a decimal comma instead of a decimal point.
leave, for example:
Matetttatik (arithmetic)
Nr gr tget? When does the train go?
Frjan gr till England. The jerry goes to England.
This is the normal way to do simple sums:
Gr du till kontoret? Do you walk to the offi ce? 2 + 2 = 4 (tv plus tv r fyra)
Jag mste g nu. I must leave now, 4 2 = 2 (fyra minus tv r tv)
Note also the following expressions:
3 x 3 = 9 (tre gnger tre r nio)
9 :3 =3 (nio delat med tre r tre)
Han gr i skolan. He goes to school.
Hon gr i kyrkan. She goes to ehureh
vningar
6 Numerals: f3- 100
1 Fi l l i n t he correct plural form of the nouns in the following
13 tretton sentences.
14 fj
orton
15 femton
(a) John talar svenska med tv svenska (gi ris) ..
16 sexton (b) Ett r har femtitv (weeks).... . . .
17 sjutton
(e) Lraren vill ha svar p alla ( questions),... .
18 arton
19 nitton
(d) I Gteborg finns det mnga export-(firms)...
20 tjugo
(e) Anders ppnar tv (bottles)... . . . . rdvin.
48 49
swkDI SH
WHAT TIME DO YOU GET UP?
(f) Mnga {ferries)... , . . . gr till Gteborg.
(viii) Hur dags ter du middag,
( g) De har flera (clocks),,, . . . .
(ix) Hur dags gr du och lgger dig?
(h) Det bor inte s mnga (people)... . . . . i Sverige.
Filj in the missing adjectives in the story below. Choose from the
S
svar (et, -0) answer mnnlskia (-an, -or) person, foijowing adjectives and use each adjective only once: billig, dyr,
frgla (-an, er) question
people fstttig, fin, lng, hg, stor, svr, trevlig, vacker.
Make sure that the adjectives are in their correct form, and that
2 Answer the following questions in Swedish.
the story makes sense.
(a) Vad gr Ulla p mndagarna?
Evabori ett.. . . . , , hus i en.. . . . . . stad. Hon haren.. . . . . .
(b) Vad gr ke p tisdagarna?
utsikt ver en... . . . . park, Hennes lgenhet r mycket... . . . . ,
(c) Vad gr ke p onsdagarna?
m en ocks mycket.....,, . Hon har bott dr en....... tid, s
(d) Vad gr ke p torsdagarna?
det blir. . . . . . . fr henne om hon inte kan stanna dr. Det finns
(e) Vad ska pojkarna gra p fredag?
i nte s mnga.. . . . . . lgenheter som en... . . . . s t udent har
(f) Vad gr Ake p lrdagarna?
rd med.
(g) Vad gr familjen Svensson p sndagarna?
8 ( a) Look at the clocks and say in Swedish what time it is. park (en, er) par k tid (en, er) t i me
hennes ber feNig poor
lgenhet (en, er) f l at student (en, er) st udent
trON li vad har rd med can afford
12 12
: L;
12 1
' 7 '
9 ~ 3 9 3 Insert the correct verb in the sentences below.

9 9 9
(a) Tget. . . . . . . kl . 21,08,
(b) Hur ofta. . . . . . . du till Sverige?
(iv) (v)
(c) Flyget. . . . . . . t i l l London fyra gnger om dagen.
12 12 12 12 (d) Lasse.. . . . . . t i l l skolan kl. kvart i tta,
: I ;
(e) Hon, , . . . . . sprvagn till kontoret.
0
I
P
3
(f) Frj an, . . . . . . t i l l England varannan dag.
(g) . . . . . . . du till arbetet?
(vi) (vii) (viii)
(h) Jag skulle vilja. . . , . . . t i l l mnen.
(ix) (x)
tg (et, 4) tr ai n sprvagn (en, -ar) tr am
(b) Answer the questions in Swedish.
hur ofta'? how often? varannan dag every second day
flyget (colloquial) the planes skulle vilja woufd like to
(i) Hur dags ringer vckarklockan?
fyra gnger om dagen four mn/e (en, -ar) moon
(ii) Hur dags stiger du upp?
times a day
(iii) Hur dags ter du frukost?
(iv) Hur dags gr du hemifrn?
Fill in the words for the numbers in the following statements.
(v) Hur dags brjar du arbeta?
(a) Nr man r (18).. . . . . . r fr man rsta, (When you arv 18
(vi) Hur dags ter du lunch?
years old you can vote.)
(vii) Hur dags slutar du arbeta?
(b) Man fr kpa brnnvin i Sverige nr man r (20),...... r.
50
51
SIIVEDISH riiHA T TlhfE OO YOU GET UPP
(You can buy aquaoit in Sweden when you are 20 years old,)
(c) Tv veckor r detsamma som (14).
.. , . . . dagar. (Two weeks
[ garaget str den finaste presenten pappa och mamma har kpt
is the same as 14 days.) en dyr mountainbike till honom. Lasse har inte tid att ta frukost.
(d) Februari har bara (28).
. . , . . . dagar, (February has only
Han vill ut och cykla genast!
28 days.)
(e) Fyra mnader har (30).
.. . . . , dagar. (Four months have
30 days.)
ovanlig unusuai trlia (-an, wr) srreater
( f) Sju mnader har (31),,. .
.. . dagar. (Seven months haoe sng (on, -ar) bed farmor grandma (IIt father s
31 days.) knorrs mothsr)
( g) Ett halvr har (26) . .
.. . . . v eckor. (Half a year has
trans hi s farfar grandpa (lit. father's father)
26 weeks.)
choklad (~n) chocoiate skickat sent
vtapgrdde (-n) whipped cream
(h) Medellivslngden i Sverige r (75).
.. . , , . r fr mn och
pengar money
ttonom him
garage (-t, 4) garage
(81). . . . . . . r fr kvinnor, (The aoerage life expectancy i
n
fdelsedag (wn, -ar) bi rthday str st ands
Sweden i s 75 years for men and 81 years for women.) slungar sing finaste fin ast
present (wn, wr) present kpt bought
7 Do the following calculations in Swedish. Write the numbers in
mormor grandma (lit. mother's har inte tid hasn't got tima
words. mother) cykla cycie
stickat knifted genast at once
(a) 14+ 23 =,.
(b) 52+ 36 = ..
(c) 87 13= . . Rtt eller fel?
( d) 34- 21= . .
(e) 7 x 7 = . .
(a) Lasse stiger upp klockan sju p fdelsedagen.
(b) Mormor har stickat en trja till Lasse,
( f) 11x 5= , ,
(c) Farmor och farfar har skickat en mountainbike.
(g) 93-: 31= ..
( h) 28-: 7=, ,
Sveriges befolkning
Frstr du?
nda in i vr tid var Sveriges befolkning mycket enhetlig bde vad
betrffar etniskt ursprung, sprk, religion och kultur. De enda
minoriteterna av betydelse var ungefar 15 000 lappar i norr och
finnar, Men under och efter andra vrldskriget kom mnga flyk
En ovanlig dag
tingar till Sverige. Under 60- och 70-talet kom en halv miljon ut
lnningar till Sverige fr att arbeta, i synnerhet frn Finland, men
ocks frn Jugoslavien, Grekland och Turkiet. De kom av
P sndag stiger Lasse inte upp kl. 7, Han stannar i sngen fr
ekonomiska skl, Sedan dess har' Sverige huvudsakligen tagit
han vet att hans inamma kommer med choklad med vispgrdde p
emot politiska flyktingar frn Asien, Afrika och Sydamerika. Av
sngen til l honom. Hans pappa och hans storebror kommer ocks
Sveriges 8,7 miljoner invnare r nu omkring en miljon invand
och sjunger fr honom, fr det r hans fdelsedag. Han fr mnga
rare. De har bidragit till att gra Sverige till en mngkulturell
presenter, Av ke fr han en ny fotboll. Mormor har stickat en
nation.
trja t honom, och farmor och farfar har skickat pengar till Lasse.
52
53
S WEDISH
befolkning (wn, -ar) population en halv miljon half a million
nda in i vr tid ri ght up to today
utlnning (-en, -ar) foreigner
enhetlig homogeneous i synnerhet aspecially
bde... och bot h. . . and Jugoslavien Yugoslavia
vad betrffar wi th regard to Grekland Greece
etnisk et hnic Turkiet Turkey
VILL DU
ursprung (mt, -0) origin ekonomisk economic
sprk (wt, N) languaga
skl (-et, -0) reason
FLJA MED?
religion (wn, wr) (pron: relijon)
sedan dess si nce than
religion huvudsakligen mainly
kultur (-en, mr) cuiture
tagit emot received
Would you like to comec
enda oni y politisk pol itical
minoritet (-en, -er) mi nority Asien Asi a
av betydelse of any importance Afrika Af rica
ungefr approximately
Sydamerika South Amarica
lapp- (-en, -ar) Laplander
invnare (-n, -0) inhabitant
I norr in the north omkring ar ound
finn/e (wn, -ar) Fi nn
invandrare (-n, -0) immigrant
andra vrldskriget the Second har bidragit till hava contributed to
Worid War
mttngkulturell mul ti-cultural
flykting (wn, -ar) refugee
nation (-en, -er) nation In thls unlt you will learn
under 60- och 70-talet during the
'60s and '70s how to talk about leisure activities
how to ask what the weather is like
Rtt eller fel?
how to say what the weather is like
how to describe the seasons
(a) Sveriges befolkning var mycket homogen.
(b) Det finns mnga minoriteter i Sverige nu.
Samtal
(c) Ekonomiska flyktingar har kommit frn Asien, Afrika och
Sydamerika.
1
(d) Pol itiska flyktingar kom till Sverige huvudsakligen p 60- och John asks ke about the summer cottage,
70-talet.
John Fi nns det ngonting man kan gra dr ute p landet?
ke 0, j a. Vi kan bada och segla, och spela tennis eller golf. Och
ibland r det dans p bryggan p lrdagarna,
John Har ni plats fr oss allesammans i sommarstugan?
ke Jad. Vi har tv sovrum och ett stort vardagsrum med oppen
spis. Och badrum med bastu. Vi ter alltid p verandan om
det r vackert vder, Vi killar sover i gststugan, dr vi har
tv vningssngar. Dr kan vi spela vr egen musik utan att
stra ngon. I morgon bitti ska jag jogga i skogen, och sedan
springer jag ned och tar mig ett dopp i havet fre frukosten. Vill
du flja med?
John Om du kan vcka mig, fr jag vaknar nog inte sjlv.
54 55
SWL DI SH
WOULD YOU LIKE TO COME'P
Qs Vill ni komma med och bada medan solen skiner?
ngonting anything verand/e (-an, -or) veranda
man one
om i f ! Sus
Det mste ni. Det r ganska varmt i vattnet, tminstone
gra do vder (vdret, -0) weather 18 grader.
ute o ut killle (wn, -ar) boy
Ja, det ska bli sknt med ett, dopp,
p landet in t he countryside sover sl eep
o oh
Vi ter middag klockan sex, s stanna inte fr lnge p
gststugla (-an, -or) guest-hause
bada go swimming stranden.
vgtnlngssng (-en, -ar) bunk bed
segla sai l vr our
spela play
egen own
ttr ute vid out hare by bara only
tennis (wn) tennis musik (-en) music
kust (wn, ar) coast sommar (wn, somrar) summer
eller or
utan wi thout
hav (wt, -0) sea
komma med och bada come
golf (wn) gol f stra di sturb
bde... och both. .. and swimming
dans (-en, -er) dance
ngon anyone dst stormar a gale ts blowng medan while
brygg/a (-an, -or) jetty i morgon bl tti early tomorrow lugn ca/m sol (mn, wr) sun
plats (-en, -er) room morning
skn ni ce, pleasant skiner is shining
oss us jogga gaj ogging
vr (wn, -ar) spring ganska rather
allesammans al l of us skog (-en, -ar) forest
hst (mn, wr) autumn varm warm
jad oh yes springer r un plocka pIck vatten (vattnet, 4) wat er
sovrum (-met, -0) bedroom tar mig ett dopp have a dip,
br (W, 4) berry tmtnstone at least
vardagsrum (-met, -0) si ttingroom
plunge svamp (mn, -ar) mushroom grad (wn, wr) degree
ppen open tre before vinter (-n, vintrar) wi nter det ska bli sknt if will be nice
spis (-en, -ar) here fire(place)
vcka wake, rouse ka skidor go skiing dopp (%t 4) di p, plunge
badrum (-met, -0) bathroom vakna wake up ka akrldskor skate tr lnge too long
bastu (-n, -r) sauna sjlv by myself anvnder use strand (wn, strnder) beach
hela rat al l the year
Rtt eller fel? g ri t ter breahfaet the next morning.
(a) P lrdagskvllen r det alltid dans p bryggan,
Anders Vdret r inte s fint idag. Det r molnigt och det blser
(6) De ter p verandan nr det r vackert vder.
lite fr mycket. Jag hade planerat att vi skulle segla ut till
(c) ke och John ska jogga p morgonen.
en liten och ta matsck med oss. Men i morgon ska det
bli solsken igen, s det r bst att vi vntar med seglingen
till i morgon.
Samtal
UHa Spel ar du tennis, Jane?
Jane Ja, men jag spelar inte s ofta, s jag r nog inte i s fin
form,
The families arrive at the Svenssons' summer cottage.
Ulla Vi kan vl spela en match s fr vi se hur det gr.
Jane S v ackert det r hr ute vid kusten!
JON Fr vi lna golfklubborna?
Anders Ja, havet r vackert bde nr det storinar och nr det r
Anders Ja, men Robert och jag ska g en runda i efterm iddag om
lugnt.
det inte regnar, s ni mste vara tillbaka senast klockan
Ull a Det r s sknt hr. P vren f
inns det s mycket blom
ett.
mor, och p hsten kan vi plocka br och svamp. P vin
%e Det r vi skert, for vi ska bara g nio hl. John och jag
tern ker vi skidor eller skridskor hr, s vi anvnder
tnker meta i eftermiddag. Fisken brukar nappa nr det
stugan hela ret, inte bara p sommaren.
r mulet som idag.
56
57
SvvED/SH
wvvLl J r v v Li l a c I v u v l Nc r
molnigt cl oudy match (wn, wr) match
,;. ~ Cel s i us (1701-44) who gave his name to the Celsius ther
det blser therei s a breeze lna borrow
eter, which uses the freezing and boiling point of water as the
lite fr mycket a li l tle too much golfklubbla (-an, -or) gol f-club bssic endpoUlts
hade planerat had planned g en runda p/ay a round
liten smal/ det regnar it i s raining
(-n, -ar) isl and tillbaka back
S hr sger man
matsck (-en, -ar) packad lunch senast al the lalest
solsken (-et, W) sunshine det r vl skert we are sure fo be
igen again hl (wt, -0) hol e
gow to:
det r bst att vi vntar we had tnker intend fo
better wail meta fi sh, angie ask what the weather is like
segling (-en, -ar) sailing brukar nappa usualiy bite
ofla of f en mulet overcasf
Vad r det fr vder idag? What s ort of uleather is it today?
form (-en) form Hur r vdret: What's the weather like?
say what the weather is like
Rtt eller fel'?
Det r vackert vder. The weather is nice.
Det r dligt vder. The weather is bad.
(a) Det r varmt i vattnet.
Det r solsken. The sun is shining.
(b) Man fr inte plocka br och svamp i Sverige.
Det r mnsken ikvll. There's a moon tonight.
(c) Robert och Jane och John vill g och bada fre middagen.
Det regnar. It's raining.
(d) Fi sken brukar nappa nr det r vackert vder.
Det blser. It's windy.
Det stormar. lt's blowing a gale.
Vad ni behver veta
Det snar, It's snowing.
Det haglar, There is a hailstorm,
Det r molnigt. It's cloudy.
Sommarstuga
Det r mulet. It's overcast, dull,
Det skar. It is thundering.
Also called sommarnje (summer pleasure!). A surprisingly large
Det blixtrar. There is lightning.
number of Swedes have a second home, either their own or rented. It
Det r varmt. It's warm.
is used during the long summer holiday schoolchildren are on holi
Det r kallt. It's cold.
day for around ten weeks in the summer when one of the parents
usually moves out to the summer house with the children, and the
Note how Swedish uses impersonal expressions (expressions with det
other parent joins the family in the evenings or, if the distance is too
as the subject) in most phrases concerned with the weather.
great, at the weekends. Nowadays it is popular for the parents to
stagger their summer holidays, so they can be with the children 4-5
Grammatik
weeks each during the vacation. It is also used during weekends and
holidays during the rest of the year. Sometimes there is an annex in
the ground, a gststuga or lillstuga, for guests or grandparents.
Celsius
Plural forms of Swedlsh nouns
18 Centigrade is called 18' Celsius by Swedes after the Swede The most common plural ending of Swedish nouns is -ar. This is the
plural ending of the following words:
58
S WEDISH WOLILD YOLI LIKE TO COME?
en- words that end in an unstressed -e in
the singular. They drop
en sommar
a summer t v somr ar t u o summers
this -e when the plural ending is added:
zg finger a finger tv fingrar two f i ngers
en pojke a b oy tv pojkar two boys
yg li nger is the only ett- word belonging to the second declension!)
en timme a n hour
tv timmar two hours
en finne a F inn tv finnar tuo Finns
g l landet, p landet
most en- words of one syllable. (A syllable
is a vowel with sur
rounding consonants.) For example:
l iaiidet means in the country (i.e. in England, in Sweden), whereas
en dag a day tv dagar two days
y l andet meansin the countryside,
en bi l a car
tv bilar two cars
en sj a l ake tv sjar two lakes
g Kille,tjej
en vr a spring t v vr ar two springs
en lapp a Laplander tv lappar
two Laplanders There are of course many synonyms for very common words. Whereas
most animals, for example: pojke is the normal word for boy, the words kille and grabb are
common slang synonyms, favoured by the young people themselves,
en hst a hor se tv hstar tu o horses
por flicka (girar) there are the synonyms tjej, jnta, ts, though only
en sil l a herri ng tv sillar two herrings
the fira one is really popular these days,
tr ees which are native of Sweden:
en bjrk a birc h tv bjrkar two birches 4 hfe, you, himlherlit, us, you and them
en tal l a pi ns
tv tallar two pines
These words are called object pronouns. They are used when the pro
words ending in -ing, for example:
noun is the object of the verb action, for example: Robert Loves her
en vning a flat
tv vningar two fiat
(Jane): she (Jane) is the object of Robert's loving. Below is a complete
en tidning a newspaper tv t i dningar
tuio newspapers
hst of the object forms of the personal pronouns:
most en- words ending in unstressed -el, -er,
-en. These drop the
-e of the last syllable before adding the -ar:
me mig (pronounced 'mej')
you dig (pronounced 'dej')
en cykel a c y cl e tv cyklar two cycles
him honom (ptonounced 'hnnm')
en vinter a i vi nt er tv vintrar
her henne
two wi nters
it
en ken a des ert tv knar
den/det ('det' is pronounced 'de')
tu o deserts
Us oss (pronounced 'ss')
words ending in -dom, for example: you er/Er
them dem (pronounced 'damm')
en sjukdom an illness tv sjukdomar two illnesses
Note the following irregular plurals:
Note that these forms must be used if a preposition precedes the
enmo(de)r amot her t vmdr ar
two mothers
pronoun, for example:
en dotter adau ghter
tvdttrar two daughters Har ni plats fr oss?
enmorgon a morning tv morgnar two mornings Vi ska ta matsck med oss.
en afton an evening
tv aftnar two evenings
60
61
8 WC VI dt f
WOULD YOV LI KE TO COMEP
8 De fyra rstiderna (the four seasons)
g ycka/vakna (wake)
The four seasons are called:
The Swedish verb vakna is used to translate wake if you wake by
vr spring >urself, but if you are woken by some other person or means, the
sommar summer verb to use is vcka:
hst autumn
Jag vaknar tidigt, I urlake up early.
vinter cui nter
Ulla vcker Lasse k1.7. Ulla makes Lasse at 7 o'clock.
Note how Swedes use the preposition p where English people would
use i n: p hsten, p vintern.
0 Spela/leka (play)
Some time expressions
The English verb play corresponds to two verbs in Swedish: spela
and leka, The difference between them is that spela is used about
i frrgr the day before yesterday
organised play, when there are written rules to be followed, but leka
tidigt i frrgr early the day before yesterday is used about spontaneous playing, for example playing with dolls or
igr yesterday
trains.
igr morse early yesterday morning
Stefan Kdberg spelar tennis.
Ste fan Edberg plays tenni s.
i morse early this morning
Barnen leker i sandldan. The ch i l dren play i
n the sandpit.
idag today
i kvll this evening
Note: spela is used about music and the theatre,
i morgon tomorrow
i morgon bitti early tomorrow morning
10 Sj/hav (sea)
i vermorgon the day after tomorrow
Note that bitti can only be used about future time, normally only
Beware! Although the Swedish word sj is the same word as sea, it
about tomorrow morning, whereas tidigt can be used both about past
means lake. The English word sea is normally translated with hav,
and future time.
although the names Nordsjn (the North Sea) and stersjn (the
Baltic) are exceptions to this rule probably because the Swedes have
regarded them as their own lakes since the time when most countries
T Lng/lnge (long) around the Baltic were Swedish.
Both lng and lnge are translated as long in English, but they are
not interchangeable. Lng can also mean tall. Lng is an adjective,
and therefore takes endings which agree with the noun to which it
vningar
refers. It can be used both about time and distances. Lnge is an
adverb, and does not take any endings. It refers only to time and can
1 Fi l l in the correct plural forms in the sentences below.
never be used before a noun.
(a) Ulla och Anders har tv (boys).
. . , . . .
Anders r lng. Anders is tall.
(b) De har tta (beds),,. . . . . i sommarstugan.
Det var en lng natt. It was a long night,
(c) Alla ( young people),,,. . . . vill ha mountainbikes.
ke vntade lnge p John. ke ioaited a long time for John.
(d) En vecka har sju (days)... . . . .
( e) Det finns mnga (boats)... . .
.. i Stockholm.
62
63
S WEDISH WOULD YOV LI KI E TO COUPE?
( f) Ul l a har tolv (cups).. . , . . . (b) Vad ar det for vader pa sommaren?
( g) Volvo gr mnga (cars)... , . . . Vad r det fr vder p hsten?
(h) Lkarna kan inte bota alla ( illnesses).... . . . Vad r det fr vder p vintern?
(i) Mnga (refugees).... . . . har kommit till Sverige.
Assume that i t i s Sunday today, Answer the questions in
S
Swedish.
ungdom (wn, -ar) young peopte bota cur e
lkare (-n, %) doctor
(a) Vad var det fr dag igr?
(b) Vad var det fr dag i frrgr?
(c) Vad r det fr dag idag?
2 Insert the correct preposition, i or p, into the following sentences,
(d) Vad r det fr dag i morgon?
(a) . . . det l andet r det farligt att ka ut .
.. landet, fr det (e) Vad r det fr dag i vermorgon?
finns mnga vilda djur dr. (In that country it is dangerous
Fill in the correct word, lng or lnge, in the following sentences.
to trauel out into the country as there are rnany wild
ani mals
there.)
Make sure that the correct endings are added when necessary,
(b) Det finns mnga sommarstugor ute. .. landet. (a) De bor pen. . . , . . . gata.
(c) Det har ofta varit krig (war)... det landet. (b) Robert vntar (is waiting).. . . . . . p Jane.
(d) Alla fr plocka br och svamp... landet i Sverige. (c) Det tar. . . . . . . t i d innan vren kommer.
(d) Varfr var ni s.. . . . . , p stranden?
8 Replace the words in bold with the appropriate pronouns.
(e) Det var ett. . . . . . . r.
Example: Ulla ger Lasse mera smultron Hon ger honom mera
smultron
(f) ke stannar uppe.. . . . . . p natten,
(g) Flyktingarna kom i.. . . . . . btar.
(a) James lskar (loves) Catherine. (h) Den som vntar p ngot gott vntar inte fr.. . , . . . .
(b) James och Catherine ser p utsikten.
(c) Ul la serverar dig och mig.
vntar waits fr t oo
(d) Du och jag ska ta m iddag hos Anders.
(e) Jag och Eva ska hjlpa (help) dig och honom.
Robert och Jane bor hos Anders och Ulla, 7 Insert the appropriate verb, vcka or vakna. Make sure that you
4 Answer the questions as fully as possible in Swedish.
use the correct endings (infinitive or present tense endings).
(a) Vad r det fr vder p vren?
Det finns mnga stt (ways) att . . . , . . . mnniskor p om de
inte. . . , . . . sj lva. Nr solen skiner p dem,, , . . . . de flesta
(tnost people). En vckarklocka som ringer. . . . , , , nstan alla.
Rockmusik brukar. . . . . . . mammor och pappor. Om ingenting
annat.. . . . . , en pojke eller en flicka s brukar kallt vatten. . . .
... dem. D.. . . . . , de genast.
8 Fill in the missing present tense forms of the verbs spela or leka,
e
~ g e
(a) Pel. . . . . . . fotboll.
(6) Lasse.. . . . . . kurragmma (bi de-and-seek).
(c) I St. Andrews.. . . . . , man golf.
(d) . . . . . . . du fiol (uiolin)?
64 65
e vret v <rr
WOULD YOU LI KE TO COME?
(e) Barnen (the children)... , . . . p stranden.
Frstr du?
(f) Nat i onalteatern. . . . . ., St ri ndberg (the best known
Swedish playwright, 1849-1912).
9 Insert the correct word, en sj or ett hav in the sentences below, Ni har nog hrt att Sverige har en hg levnadsstandard. Den r
Make sure that the words are in the correct form.
jaktiskt bland de hgsta i vrlden. Svenskarna bor bra och ingen
(a) Den stora. . . . , , , vid Stockholm heter Mlaren.
behver vara hungrig. Mnga har sommarstuga. De flesta har
(b) , . . . , , , mellan Irland och Amerika beter Atlanten,
video, frgteve, frys osv och de tycker att det r sjlvklart att man
(c) . . . . , , , som ligger mejjan Sverige och Finland kallas stersjn.
ska ha bil. Men det har inte alltid varit s. Fr hundra r sedan
(d) Det finns hundra tusen.. . , . . . i Sverige.
var Sverige ett mycket fattigt land. En fjrdedel av svenskarna
(e) Vi kingarna seglade ver det stormiga. . . , . . . som kallas
igrerade mellan 1850 och 1920 eftersom de inte kunde frsrja
Nordsjn.
sig i Sverige. De flesta kte till USA. Nu r det tvrtom. Mnga
(f) Vad kallas.. . . . . . utanfr Japan?
invandrare har kommit till Sverige fr att f ett bttre liv.
( g) Om du vill se Nessie mste du ka till Loch Ness-.... . . .
10 Completethe following dialogue.
hrt heard man ska ha bil cne shouid have
You (Say Good morning, and ask what the weather is like.)
levnadsstandard (-en, -er) a car
varit been
Partner Det r vackert vder idag, Solen skiner och det r
standard cf Ii'ving
faktiskt reaiiy fr... sedan agc
ganska varmt.
bland amcng fattig pocr
You (Say Good, would you like to go out to the summer de hgsta the highest land (-et, lnder) country
house?)
vrld (mn, -ar) (pronounced 'vrd' ) fjrdedel (-en, -ar) quarter
Partner Ja, grna.
rrorid emigrerade emigrated
svensk (-en, -ar) S vrede mellan between
You (Say We can go sui mmi ng.)
behver need eftersom as
Partner Det r nog inte s varmt i vattnet nu p hsten, men
de flesta mest pecpie frsrja sig prcvide icr
vi kan spela tennis, video (-n, videoapparater) vi deo themseives
You (Say you u ould rather go sailing i f it isn't too wi ndy,)
frgteve (-n, teveapparater) de flesta mest oi them
Partner Ja, vi kan ta matsck med oss och segla ut till en liten .
coicur TV kte vvent
frys (-en) freezer
You (Say Tomorrow it is Sunday and ue can play golf in
tvrtom the cpposite
osv (och s vidare) etc. har kommit have come
the morning.) da tycker att det r sjlvklart they bttre better
Partner Bra. Vi kan ocks plocka br och svamp p eftermid taka it for granted liv (wt, -0) l i fe
dagen innan vi ker hem.
You (Say it will be nice,)
Rtt eller fej?
(a) Mnga invandrare kom till Sverige fr hundra r sedan.
(b) Sverige har en hg levnadsstandard.
(c) Al l a svenskar har bil.
66
67
WHEN DOES THE BANK OPENS
~k ( ~n, ar) bank
konto (-t, -n) account
is sltuated s so
+ <~, 4) market place
stta in deposit
ppnar
opens fick got
NR PPNAR
change sparbanksbok (wn, -bcker)
stnger
shuts savings book
withdraw gra do
8 N?
from
When does the bank open?
Rgt eller fel?
<s) Banken ppnar klockan tre och stnger klockan halv tio.
<>) Anders ska stta in pengar p sitt konto.
<c) Lasse vill att Anders ska stta in Lasses fdelsedagspengar p
hans sparbanksbok.
Samtal
At the bank,
Robert Jag skulle vilja lsa in de hr resecheckarna.
In this unit you will learn Kaseirskan Har ni legitimation?
Robert Jag har passet, Rcker det?
phrases used at a bank
Kassrskan Det gr bra, Hur vill ni ha pengarna?
phr ases used about Swedish money
Robert Det mesta i sedlar, men lite vxel. Kan jag f en
how to count from 101 to 1 000 000 000 000
femhundrakronorssedel, fyra hundralappar och resten
i vxel, tack! Vilken r vxelkursen idag?
Kassrskan
Samtal
Det str p den hr listan?
Robert Kostar det ngot?
i E
' Kassrskan
Ja, vi har en fast expeditionsavgift. Varsgod, hr r
Robert Var r banken?
pengarna,
Anders Den ligger vid torget.
Tack s mycket,
Robert Nr ppnar den? Jag mste vxla pengar.
Anders Banken ppnar inte frrn klockan halv tio och den
jag skulle vilja 1 would like to rcket det'7 is that enough?
lsa In cash
stnger klockan tre, Jag ska ta ut lite pengar frn mitt
det gr bra that's all right
de hr these hur? bow?
konto s du kan flja med mig.
raaachsck (an, -ar) traveller's det mesta most ofit
Lasse Pappa, kan du stta in pengarna som jag fick p fdelseda cheque tsmhundrakronorssedel (-n,
gen p min sparbanksbok?
kassrska cashier (female) -sadlar) 500 kronor (bank)note
Anders Ja, det ska jag grna gra.
(sn) legitimation proof ofidentity hundralapp (~, ~r) 100 kronor note
69
S HEDIS H
W MEN OOE S rHE BANK O P E N ?
en femtioring a 50 re coi n
rest (-en, -er) rest kastar det ngot? does it cost
en enkrona a 1 krona coin
vxel (-n) cash, (smal/) change anything?
vxelkurs (-en, -er) exchange rate expeditionsavgift (wn, wr)
en femkrona a 5 kronor coin
str is shown (lil. stands) commission, service charge en tiokrona a 10 kronor coin
den hr thi s fast i i xed
)'
list/s (-an, -or) l i st avgift (mn, wr) charge, iee
en tjugokronorssedel a 20 kronor note
en 'tjuga' (slang) a 20 kronor note
en femtilapp a 50 kronor note
Rtt eller fel'? en hundralapp a 100 kronor note
en femhundrakronorssedel a 500 kronor note
(a) Robert mste ha passet med sig p banken.
en tusenlapp a 1000 kronor note
(5) Robert vill inte ha sedlar, bara vxel.
(c) Det kostar pengar att lsa in resecheckar.

Vad ni behver veta
Banks
As mentioned in the dialogue, banks open at 9.30 a,m. and shut at 8
p.m. They are closed on Saturdays and Sundays. However, in the
major tourist cities you can also change money at Forex, They are
open seven days a week and stay open till late at night (times vary).
~ 82?3319021
You can ftnd Forex at the main stations and, sometimes, in the main
street. Credit cards are generally accepted in the same sort of places
as in other countries, though cash transactions are still the norm.
Swedish rnoney
Prices are expressed as follows:
ls tariting In speech
The Swedish monetary units (SEK) are called kronor and ren.
1.50 or 1,50
enfernti
100 re = 1 krona.
8.75 or 6,75 sexsjuttifem
Since the withdrawal of the smaller coins, shops automatically adjust
the fmal bill to the nearest 50 re.
Note that Swedes use the plural form kronor but the singular form
re when they talk about prices, You can say either tio kronor och
Mt i re or, more common, tiofemti. Also note that Swedes use
the plural form pengar when referring to the amount of money, for
+~ ~
sxam ple:
Hon har vldigt mycket pengar. She has a lot of m oney.
~e singular form en peng is only used to mean a coin.
70 71
WHEN OOES THE BANK OPEN?
IdentifIcation
Grammatik
When cashing cheques or withdrawing money or buying alcphpi
, E'
from Systembolaget (the State Liquor Shop) you may be asked fpr
".;P:
proof of identity, legitimation (often abbreviated to just leg) fpr
security reasons. Adults usually use their driving licence and Sweties
::g' tieord order in questions
under 18 normally carry an identity card, with photo and social secz.
rity number, but a passport is enough for foreigners.
f+ ai ready know the word vad. Here are some more question words
y>< the dialogues: hur (how), nar (when), var (where), varfr
), vem (who), vilken (wbich),
y the sentences below and pay particular attention to the word
S hr sger man
sgler.
"' Hur vill ni ha pengarna? Hotv would you like your money?
How to:
Tpgcen r vxelkursen? What is the exchange rate?
par ligger banken? Where ts the bank?
ask for information yem ska ni trffa? Who are you goi ng to meet?
Var r banken? Where is the bank?
Vad ska du gra What are you going to do?
Nr ppnar banken? When does the bank open?
+ge a question starts with a question word, the verb comes in the
Nr stnger banken? When does the bank close?
scond place, immediately after the question word, then comes the
Vilken r vxelkursen? What is the exchange rate?
egkect, then the second verb (if any), followed by other parts of the
Kan ni lsa in en resecheck? Can you cash a ssntence. Thus the word order pattern is:
traveller's cheque?
(1) (2) (8) (4) (5)
Kan ni vxla en hundralapp? Can you change a 100 kr note?
Kan ni vxla en Can you change a 20 kr note
question word verb 1 subject verb 2 other things (objects etc.)
tjugokronorssedel i enkronor? into 1 kr coins? Hur vill ni ha pengar na?
Kostar det ngot? Doesit cost anything?
say what you need 2 ' Do'in questions
Jag mste vxla pengar. I must change money.
Jag ska ta ut pengar. I shall withdrau, money.
Notice that there is no Swedish verb corresponding to the English
Det gr bra. Itis O,K.
veb do when used in questions, Swedish uses a simple verb form, for
exam ple:
st ate your financial position
Talar du engelska?
Do you speak English?
Jag har inga pengar, I have no money. Har ni legitimation?
Do you have proof ofidentity?
Jag har mycket lite pengar. I have very li ttle money,
Shdlarly, with a question word:
Jag har tillrckligt med pengar. I have enough money.
Jag har lite pengar kvar. I have some m oney left.
Nr ppnar banken?
When does the bank open?
Jag har mycket pengar. I have a lot of money, Hur lng tid tar det? Hou long doesit take?
72
73
S WEDISH WHEN DOES THE BANK OPEN?
3 Word order in negative statements
p]ural forms of Swedish nouns
and questions
of the third declension nouns are en- words, although a small
If a statement contains a negative word, e.g. inte, icke, aldrig (not +ber are ett- words, The plural ending is -er.
neuer), the negation is placed directly after the first verb, for exam pls
words belonging to this declension are mainly 'borrowed' from
Jag talar inte svenska. I don't speak Swedish. g+~ch or Latin. These have usually kept the stress on the syllable
Jag kan inte tala svenska. I cannot speak Swedish. ~ was stressed in the original language, so if the last syllable of an
Det r inte svrt. It isn't difficult,
word is stressed, its plural ending is most likely to be -er,
Banket ppnar inte frrn The ba nk doesn't open until
probably recognise most of these words, as they have become
klockan halv tio, hal f past nine.
~tssnational'.
If a question contains a negation, the negation is placed after the verb
en bank
tv banker
and subject, for example:
en familj tv familjer
Talar du inte svenska? Don't you speak Swedish?
en balkong tv balkonger
Kan du inte tala svenska? Can't you speak Swedish?
~er words belonging to this declension that you already know are;
r det inte svrt? Isn't it difficult?
sekund, minut, mnad, grad, st udent, vxelkurs, kust,
ppnar banken inte frrn Doesn ' t the bank open until
~ustri, telefon, kamrat (friend), maskin, cigarett, diet, lunch,
klockan halv tio? hal f past nine?
pesent, restaurang, religion (pronounced 'relijon').
Negative questions starting with a question word follow the same rule,
Note:
i.e. first the question word, then the verb, then the subject, then the
A number of the third declension nouns are irregular in that they
negation, then the second verb (if any), then other things. ehange their stem vowel in the plural, for example: en stad tv
(I) (2) (8) (4) (6) (6)
stder, en natt tv ntter, en hand tv hnder (hand), en
question word verb 1 subject negation verb 2 objects etc.
tand tv tnder (tooth), en strand tv strnder, ett land
tv lnder, en bror tv brder, en son tv sner.
Nr kan j ag i nte ta ut pengar?
Varfr vi ll ni inte fga med oss?
A few double the end consonant in the plural (and thus the vowel
Vem vil l hon i nte trffa?
is short in the plural); en bok tv bcker (book), en fot tv
Ser (foot), en rot tv rtter (root),
4 Verbs with suffixes
Some that end in a vowel in the singular add just -r in the plural:
en sko tv skor (shoe), en ko tv kor (cow), en bonde tv
If a verb is followed by a preposition or an adverb that belongs to the
ndcr (farmer), en hustru tv hustrur (wife), ett fngelse tv
verb (called a suffix), the suffix cames the main stress, for example:
fngelser (prison).
Anders tar ut pengar.
The loan-words ending in -or in the singular change the stress
Robert fljer med Anders.
~ t he syllable immediately before the -or in the singular to the -or
Lasse vill stta in pengar p sin sparbanksbok.
when the plural ending is added: en doktor - tv doktorer, en
Robert lser in en resecheck,
professor tv professorer, en motor tv motorer, en traktor
- tv traktorer.
Ulla stiger upp kl. halv sju.
Latin loan-words ending in -um drop the -um before any Swedish
74
75
SWEDISH WHEN O OES THE BANK OPEN?
endings are added: ett museum tv museer, ett laboratoriiun
, g+~ frgade, frn vilken
He asked which town
tv laboratorier.
stad jag kom.
I came from.
1)e ter mycket grnsaker,
They eat a lot of vegetables
6 Som, vars, vilken, vad
vtlket r nytt
igt for dem. which is good for them.
@~t r allt (vad) jag vet.
That is all (that) I know.
These words are called relative pronouns. They replace the im
ine.
diately preceding word (a noun or pronoun) in the main clause, attd
y ggmerals: 101 1 000000 000000
they introduce a subordinate clause, for example:
Kan du stta in pengarna Can you deposit the money 101 (ett) hundraetl (-en)
som jag fick p fdelsedagen? tchich I got on my birthday?
200 tv hundra
350 trehundraternti
Som (uho(m), which, that) is the most common relative pronoun. It 1000 (ett) tusen
never changes its form and is used in both singular and plural, but it 10 000 tio tusen
cannot be preceded by a preposition. If there is a preposition it has to
100 000 (ett) hundra tusen
be placed at the very end of the clause.
1 000 000 en miljon
1 OO0 OOO OOO en miljard
Vars (whose, of uhich), genitive of som, singular and plural, but is 1 000 000 000 000 en biljon (en miljon miljoner)
only used in written language.
Vilken (u ko(m), which, that) is mainly used in written language. It
Note that miljon, miljard and bi l jon have the pl ural f orms
can be preceded by a preposition.
miljoner, miljarder, biljoner.
vilken replaces an en- word.
Numbers like 4 711 are written fyratusensjuhundraelva if you use
vilket replaces an ett- word.
words.
vilka replaces a plural word.
vilkas (whose, of which) is only used in plural.
Years are usually written in figures. However, if you write them out
in full you should write them as one word, You must not leave out the
If a relative pronoun refers to a whole clause rather than a specific
word hundra (as is done in English). There is no och between the
word, only vilket can be used.
hundrade and the tens, for example:
Vad (that, uhat) can be used as a relative pronoun, especially in the
1789 sjuttonhundrattinio
phrase allt vad (all that). Note that vad must be followed by som if
1918 nittonhundraarton
it is the subject of a relative clause.
2020 tj ugohundratjugo or tvtusentjugo
The relative pronoun can oiten be omitted, just as who, that, which is
Note that there is no preposition corresponding to in before years.
often omitted in English, The rule is that this may be done whenever
Swedish uses the word r or nothing at all:
it is possible to leave out the relative pronoun in English.
Vilhelm Ervraren ervrade Wil l i am the Conqueror
Knner du flickan, Do you knotv the girl who
England (r) 1066, conquered England i n 1066.
som bor dr? li ves there?
Boken, (soin) jag tycker s The b ook (which) I like so
y adding -tal you can m ake a noun out of a num ber, for example:
mycket om, r utsld. much is out ofprint. ett hundratal mnniskor around a hundred people
Pojken, vars frldrar r rika, Th e boy urhose parents are but
gav honom en bil, rich gave him a car, hundratals mnniskor hundreds of people
76
S WEDISH
WHEN DOES THE HANK OPEN?
Note also p tjugotalet (in the twenties) and p nittonhunratalet
(c)
Vi har tv (hands).. . . . . . och tv (feet).... . . . .
(in the tu entieth century).
(d)
Ngra (farmers),,, . . . . har flera (tractors)... . . . . .
(e)
Alla ( students).. . , . . . mste lsa (read) mnga (books)
vningar
Sverige har mnga (industries) .. . , . . . som exporterar
( machines)... . . . . .
1 Write an appropriate question word in the sentences below.
(g) Mina (brothers). . . . . . . r (doctors).. . . . . . .
Choose from the following words; hur, nr, vad, var, varfr,
(h) Jag har tre (sons). .. , . . . som bor i andra ( towns).... . . .
vem, vilken.
4
Fill in the missing relative pronouns:
(a) . . . . . . . r banken?
(a) Middagen. .. . . . . du serverade var mycket god.
(b) . . . . . . . ska ta ut pengar frn sitt konto?
(b) Fl i ckan var utlnning,... , . . . jag inte visste.
(c) . . . . . . . l ng tid tar det?
(c) Barnen,...... frldrar r invandrare talar bra svenska.
(d) .. . . . . . var ke i England?
(d) Han talade om, p... . . . . gata banken ligger.
(e) . . . . . . . mste man ha legitimation med sig p banken?
(e) Jag vet inte, , ,. . . . . . r bst.
(f) . . . . . . . kostar det?
(f) Al l t . .. . . . . hon sade, var rtt,
(g) . . . . . . . buss ska jag ta fr att komma till torget?
(h) . . . . . . . r det?
6 Practise saying and writing the following numbers in Swedish.
2 Make the following statements and questions negative by insert
(a) One English mile is 1.6093 km,
ir.g inte in the correct place.
En engelsk mil r.. . . . . . ki l ometer,
(b) Light travels at a speed of 186 000 miles per second,
(a) Banken ppnar klockan ett.
Ljuset frdas.. . . . . . engelska mil per sekund.
(b) Det var dyrt.
(c) The distance to the moon is 384 400 km.
(c) Li gger banken vid torget?
Avstndet till mnen r.. . . , . . kilometer.
(d) Var det dyrt?
(d) Sweden's area is 449 964 square km.
(e) Kan du vxla en hundralapp?
Sveriges areal r...,... kvadratkilometer.
(f) Nr r banken ppen? (e) Stockholm has 1,5 million inhabitants.
(g) Varfbr vill du vxla en hundralapp?
Stockholm har.. . . . . . i nvnare,
3 Insert the appropriate suffix in the following sentences.
(Did you remember that Swedish uses a decimal comma
(a) Robert fljer. . . . . . . Anders till banken.
instead of a decimal point?)
(b) Anders tar. . . . . . . pengar frn sitt konto.
These are famous events in Swedish history. Write the dates in
(c) Lasse stter.. . . . . . sina fdelsedagspengar p banken. words and read them aloud.
(d) Robert lser ... . . . . en resecheck.
(a)
(e) Jane mste ta.. . , . . . sig passet nr hon ska vxla pengar,
The vikings' visit to Holy Island in 793.
(b) The first Swedish king who converted to Christianity was
4 Fill in the correct plural form of the nouns in the following sen
baptized in 1000.
tences,
(c) Stockholm was founded in 1250.
(a) Det finns mnga (countries), . ., med (coasts),,
(d) King Magnus Eriksson's law code, covering the whole coun
stersjn.
try, was issued in 1350.
(b) En timme (hour) har sextio .. .. och en minut har sextio
(e) The Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway and Sweden,
78
SWEDISH
under Queen Margareta of Denmark, in 1397.
narrow tckt av covered with
(f) Gustav Vasa, the father of the country, was crowned King of
t nd (et, lnder) country
skog<en, -ar) forest
Sweden in 1523.
om
as det finns thereis, there are
(g) Peace of Westphalia, Sweden recognized as a European geograf lbocker geography books
s) (-n, -ar) lake
Great Power, in 1648.
te)er om
tell berg (et, 4) mountain
iv (en, -ar) ri ver (Scandinavian
(/t) Sweden loses Finland to Russia in 1809.
nstan
almost
fgeivgen
as the birds fly large river)
(i) Sweden's last entry into war in 1814.
om du kr bli
i! you dnve brdig fertile
(j) Uni versal sufFrage in 1921, en svensk mii a Swedish mile sitt (en, er) pl ai n
( c, 6 English miles) sdra southern
8 A Br i t i sh, an American and an Australian tourist have lost their
n miljon a million meiie reta central
passports overboard in a boating accident. They must find their gnger
times Norriand the name given to the
embassies to get new passports, Read out the addresses to them. s... som as. . . as northem half of Sweden
Storbritannien Great 8ritain ren (en, -ar) reindeer
Brittiska Ambassaden
Skarpgatan 6-8
115 27 STOCKHOLM (read: Postnununer etthundrafemtontjugosju)
Rett etier fel?
Telefon 08/6670140 (read: Riktnummer noll tta. Abonnent
nummer sex sex sju noll ett fyra noll) (o) Storbritannien r tv och en halv gnger s stort som Sverige.
() Hela landet r tckt av skog.
Amerikanska Ambassaden Aust r al i ska Ambassaden
(c) Bara 15% befolkningen bor i Norrland.
Strandvgen 101 Sergels torg 12
115 27 STOCKHOLM 103 86 STOCKHOLM
Telefon 08/6630520 Telefon 08/6244660
Frstrr du?
Sverige r ett lngt och smalt land, som alla geografibcker talar
om fr oss. Det r nstan 1000 engelska mil lngt fgelvgen, men
om du kr bil fr du kra 1250 engelska mil, eller 200 svenska milt
Bara 8,7 miljoner mnniskor bor i Sverige, men landet r tv och
en halv gnger s stort som Storbritannien, Halva landet r tckt
av skog. Det finns ocks 100 000 sjar, hga berg, stora lvar och
brdiga sltter dr, 85% av befolkningen bor i sdra och mellersta
Sverige, s om du ker upp till Norrland fr du inte se s mnga
mnniskor du fr kanske se flera renar n mnniskor!
80 81
HOW MV CH tS I T?
pop in
kilo (-t, -(n)) kil o
tning (wn, -ar) food hall
ett halvt kilo half a kilo
(~, 4) department store
bit (~n, -ar) pi ece
go shopping, buy
dussin (-et, 4) dozen
HUR MYCKET
jdjpa buy
frukt (mn, wr) frui t
only
allting everything
KOSTAR DET?
~ ror
fresh food frskare fresher
~ (~, fr ysskp) freezer
billigare cheaper
: : ,
' .
. ~ upp mede
hinner vi'I wi l l we have time?
Hon muchis i tP
behver need
titta l ook
gtsr (.n, 4) li t re
klder (plural) ci othes
brd (~t, 4) br ead
annat ot her things
Samtal
pt the market.
. Ulla Vad kostar tomaterna?
F~ aren 26 kronor kilot.
Ulla
Det var dyrt. D tar j ag bara ett halvt kilo. Kan jag f
In this unit you will learn
en bunt mortter ocks och den dr gurkan?
Frsajj aren Varsgod.
how to ask for things in shops
Ulla Potatis behver vi med. 2 kg, tack, och lite dill och
how to accept offers in shops
persilja, och ett stort salladshuvud.
how to decline offers in shops
Frslj aren Ska det inte vara lite blbr? De r s fina idag, och
de kostar bara 12 kronor litern.
IZ Samtal
Jo, tack, det var billigt. Jag tar ett par l i ter. Hur
mycket kostar blomklen?
R Frslj aren 20 kronor styck.
Ulla Nej, tack. Det var fr dyrt. Men lite frukt mste jag
Ulla and Jane are going shopping.
ha. 8 stycken pplen och 4 stora pron, tack.
Ulla Jag mste kila in p matavdelningen p varuhuset och handla
Frsajj aren Var det allt?
lite mat. Ulla Ja, tack, nu rcker det,
Jane Vad ska du kpa? Frslj aren Det blir 90 kronor jmnt
Ulla Bar a frskvaror. Ktt och fisk har vi i frysen. Jag har gjort
Ulla Varsgod, det r jmna pengar.
upp en lista. Vi behver 8 liter
urmjlk, brd, 1/2 kg smr, en bit
Frslj aren Tack s mycket.
ost och ett dussin gg. Grnsaker och frukt kper j ag p torget
fr dr r allting frskare och billigare. vad kostar? how much are? gurkla (-an, -or) cucumber
Jane Hi nner vi titta p klder och annat ocks? Jag vill grna kpa tomat (-en, ~r) tomatoes potatis (wn, I-arl) potato
ngot svenskt att ta med mig hem.
fdrsiljare (-n, 4) market-trader persilja (-n) parsley
Ulla Javi sst, det gr bra.
kan jag t't may I have? saliadshuvud (W, wn) lettuce
bunt (wn, -ar) bunch (lii. head of letiuce)
tnorot (mn, mortter) carrot
82
83
S WEDISH HOW MUCH I S l TV
ska det fnte varaV wouldn't you
Den r Sr stor. Har ni ngon mindre?
(lit. per piece)
like?
fr dyrt too expensive Ja, men det blir ett annat mnster.
blbr (W, A) bi i berry pple (-t, -n) apple Den koftan klr dig verkligen. Och den passar perfekt.
lag tar i ' li have (lit. I take)
pron (~t, W) pear
Jag tar den, Kan jag f ett Moms-kvitto, tack!
ett par a couple of
var det alltV was that all?
Varsgod.
blomkl (wn, blomklshuvuden) det rcker that is enough
cauliflower
jmnt exactiy
styck (plural stycken) each
lmna pengar the right arnount
exohange ngon (ngot, ngra) sorne, any
.)trya (~n, wr) T-shirt
skert surely
strumpbyxor ti ghts
Rtt eller fel?
, ~t i t an
too small
talg er ett par a pair
~ (wn , ~r) si ze
trskor cl ogs
(a) Jane vill kpa ngot svenskt.
tatttte (-t, -n) receipt
damavdelningen ladies' wear
(b) Ulla kper ktt p torget, aapedft (an, ~r) shoP assistant
koftla (-an, -or) cardigan
(c) En liter tomater kostar 26 kronor.
next
kvalltet (an, wr) rt ualfty
helylle pure woo!
(d) Ulla fr ingen vxel av frsljaren.
~r r
unfortunately
;atateld sold out
mnster (mnstret, mnster)
back pattern
E
ngot annat sornething e/se prova try on
Samtal
"~jngn (annat, andra) other mindre smaller
ettka different
klr suits
sett (an, ar) sor t
passar fi t s
Ulla and Jane go to the clothes department. Ulla wants to change a vttken (vilket, vilka) whtch
perfekt perfect
T-shirt which Lasse got for his birthday.
tror believe
Moms-kvitto (-t, -n) VAT receipt
bst best
Ulla Kan jag f byta den hr trjan? Den var fr liten. Jag
vill ha en strre storlek. Hr r kvittot.
Expediten Nsta storlek r tyvrr slutsld, Vill ni ha pengarna
tillbaka eller vill ni ha ngot annat? Rtt eller fel?
Ulla Har ni inga andra trjor i en strre storlek?
Expediten Jovi sst. Vi har mnga olika sorter.
(tt) Lasses trja var Sr stor.
Ulla Vilken tror du blir bst?
(b) Ul l a fr inte byta trjan
Jane Den dr bl i r s kert bra, Jag ska ocks ha ngra
(c) Jane kper en helyllekofta.
strumpbyxor och ett par svenska trskor.
Expediten De f i nns p Damavdelningen.
Jane Jag sku l l e ocks vilja ha en sdan dr fin kofta som du
Vad ni behver veta
har, Var den dyr?
Ulla Ja, men det r bra kvalitet. Det r helylle. Den kan du
Shopping
kpa p Hemsljden.
Shops are usually open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. except on Saturdays,
Jane Hu r m ycket kostar den dr koftan med det vackra mn
stret?
%ben they close at some time between 1 p.m. and 3 p,m. Large stores
oftsn have a late evening opening, and a number are open on
Expediten Den kostar 750 kronor. Vill ni prova den?
Sundays.
Jane Ja, tac k.
Meat, vegetables and fruit are bought by the kilo (kg) in Sweden.
85
S WEOISH
tfEJW IVIV(il a i i I I r
Sandwich meat and less weighty things are sold by the hekto, abbre Jag tycker inte om den.
I don't likeit.
viated to hg (hectogramme). Milk and liquids (and sometimes berries Jag har inte rd med det.
I can't aff or it.
and soft fruit) are sold by the litre, and so is petrol.
Det r bst att jag vntar. I had etter wait.
11b = 453 g ask for information
1 hg = 3ils oz
Hur mycket kostar den/det/de? How much is itlare they?
1 kg
=
2.2 lbs
Vad kostar den/det/de? How much is it/are they?
1 liter = ls/~ pints
Hur mycket vill ni ha? How much would you like>
1 E. mile
=
1.6 km
&eker det? Is that enough?
1 Sw. mil = 10 len (c. 6 English miles)
Ngot annat? Anything else?
Var det allt? Was that all?
Moms
Det blir 20 kronor jmnt, That is 20 (SEK) exactly.
Swedes pay a tax called Moms (VAT) on most goods that tourists
Det r jmna pengar That is the right amount.
may want to buy, but foreigners can get that refunded at the depar
Kan jag f ett kvitto? Can I have a receipt?
ture port if they ask for a Moms kvitto at the time of purchase in
Kan jag betala med Can I pay in sterli ngldollars?
shops displaying the usual Tax-free sign. The goods must be bought
pund/dollar?
not more than a week before departure. It is well worth the trouble,
Kan jag betala med kreditkort? Can I pay by credit card?
as Moms is quite high. Varsgod, Here you are.
S hr sger man
Grammatik
How to:
ask for things in shops
1 'Of'in quantity or measurement expressions
Har ni ngon/ngot/ngra...? Hav e you got any... ?
The English preposition of has no equivalent in Swedish after words
Kan jag f lite.. . ? Can I have some... ?
denoting quantity or measurement. Note also that Swedish uses the
Jag skulle vilja ha.. . I would like to have... singular form of the measurement terms.
Jag ska be att f.. . ? May I have... ?
Skulle jag kunna f... ? Could I have... ?
en halv liter fil
balja litre ofyoghurt
tre liter mjlk three litres ofmilk
say what you want
fyra hekto ost four hectogrammes of cheese
Jag tar den/detldem. I ll take it l them.
fem kilo potatis five kilos of potatoes
Ja, tack, det r bra, Yes, please, it's good.
tio kilometer ten kilometers
hundrattio mil hundred and eighty
say that you don't want something
Swedish miles
Nej, tack, det r fr dyrt, No, that's too expensive.
Nej, den passar inte. No, it doesn't fit me.
Det r inte vadjag vill ha. I t i sn' t whatI want.
2 Halv, halvt, halva
Den r fr stor. It's too big,
Halv is an adjective and as such it takes a@ective endings which
Den r fr liten. It's too small.
86 87
sweol sH How MUGH is I TC
have to agree with the noun that halv refers to. Pay particular att', : : . . . g<rtain adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and the
tion to the word order.
' . ' , . -' .
.superlative, They are very common a@ectives, so you will see them
en halv mnad half a month
ore often than the regular agectives, You have already met these
ett halvt r haifa year
+gectives here are their comparatives and superlatives:
halva mnaden hal f the month
brs/god bttre bst good b et t er best
tv och en halv mnad
two and a hal f months strre st rst l arge l a r ger lar gest
In the last example you should notice that, unlike in English, a nouii
hgre hgst high hi g her hi ghest
following en halv is in the singular even if it is preceded by a word in
liten mindre minst small s mal l er smal lest
the plural.
lng
lngre l ngst long l onger l ongest
l age l g t low l ouer l owes t
Note that in compound nouns the basic form halv- is used: mycket mer/a me st much mor e most
en halvtimme half an hour
fler/a f l e st many mor s most
ett halvr hal f a year
ung yng r e yn gst young younger youngest
gammal ldre l dst old older ol des t
3 Comparison of adjectives
Piease note that more and most must be translated into Swedish with
ger/a and flest if you can count the noun that it refers to, for example:
As in English, most adjectives are compared with endings, for example: Det finns flera pojkar n There are more boys than girls
billig, billigare, billigast cheap, cheaper, cheapest
flickor i klassen. in the class,
frsk, farskare, frskast fresh, fresher, freshest
but
Jag vill ha mera te, tack. I would like more tea please
The form that denotes the higher degree is called the comparative
(here: billigare), and the form that denotes the highest degree is
The adjective dlig has two comparative and superlative forms:
called the superlative (here: billigast). dlig smr e s mst b ad uor s e wors t
However, adjectives that end in -er, -el and -en drop the e when the
dlig vrr e v rs t bad wor s e wor st
endings -are and -ast are added: Note that smre means less of a good property (e.g. health) but vrre
vacker, vackrare, vackrast beauti ful
means more of a bad property (e.g, bad behaviour).
enkel, enklare, enklast simple
The comparative never takes any endings, either in the indefinite or
mogen, mognare, mognast ripe, mature the definite form, singular or plural,
Sorne adjectives are compared with mer and mest instead of endings, en bttre bil ett bttre hus mnga bttre bilar/hus
just as more and most is used in English. In Swedish, adjectives that den bttre bilen det bttre huset de bttre bilarna/husen
end in -isk, present and past participles and very long adjectives form
the comparative and superlative with mer and mest, for example:
However, the superlative does take endings in the definite form.
Superlatives ending in -ast add an -e. Superlatives ending in -st add
Hon r mer praktisk n ke, She is more practical than
ke.
an -a (or -e if referring to a male in the singular), for example:
De mest intresserade eleverna. Th e mostinterested pupils,
Det r mer meningsfullt, That is more meaningful.
den finaste bilen det finaste huset de finaste bilarna/husen
den bsta bilen det bsta huset de bsta bilarna/husen
More about the present and past participles in Units 13 and 16.
M adjective liten has an extra form, lilla, which is used in the
sa
S WEDISH
tf(Jw I vv t l l o i i r
definite form singular, and also when addressing people, usually
'. ~s or i n main clauses with more than one verb, because of the
where English people would use dear. Sometimes lille is used when g ruies governing the position of inte in Swedish. (See Units
addressing boys, It also has a special form in the plural, sm. ~d Ie.)
en liten bil et t l i t et hus m nga sm pojkar
den lilla bilen det l i lla huset de sm pojkarna
Lilla Ingela! Li l l e Lasse!
' g Ett par (a pair ofla couple of)
y+ Swedish ett par corresponds both to a pair of and a couple of, for
zample:
4 Ngon ingen annan sdan hel all
ett par skor a pair ojshoes
These words can be used either together with a noun (in which esse ett par byxor a pair of trousers
they are adjectives) or independent of any noun (in which case they ett par liter blbr a couple oflitres of bilberries
are pronouns). They take endings which are similar to the adjective ett par vnner a couple of friends
endings. The forms of the words are identical whether they are adjec
gyte; A pair of scissors is en sax,
tives or pronouns, for example:
"I'
some lany ngon bil ngot hus ngra pojkar
.\ .
no i ngen bi l inget hus inga poj kar This, these, that and those
another/other en annan bil et t annat hus a ndra pojkar
such en sdan bil et t sdant hus sdana pojkar
fhese words are called demonstrative adjectives when they precede a
u hole en hel vecka ett helt r hel a d agar noun, but they can also be used as pronouns if they replace a noun, In
all all mjlk all t sal t alla flickor Swedish they have different forms depending on the gender and num
ber of the noun that they refer to or replace.
In the following examples they are used as pronouns:
En- words Ett- words Plural forms
Ngon spelar piano. Somebody is playi ng the piano.
Ingen vill ha den. Nobody wants it.
den hr (this) det h r (t his) de hr (these)
Andra sger ngot annat. Others say somethi ng else,
den dr (that) det d r (that) de dr (t hose)
En sdan vill jag ha. I want one like that,
den (stressed the) de t (stressed the) de (s t ressed the)
Note also the pronouns ngonting (some/any/thing), ingenting
Wen these words are used as adjectives (i.e. when they precede a
(nothing), allting (everything), as well as ngonstans (some/any/
noun) the following noun must take the definite form:
where) and ingenstans (nowhere).
den hr gatan det h r huset de hr gatorna
Ingen/inget/inga can only be used instead of inte ngon/inte
den dr pennan det dr passet de dr blommorna
ngot/inte ngra when the words inte and ngon etc. stand to
den gatan det huset de blommorna
gether, for example:
There are also the demonstratives denna/detta/dessa but they are
Han har inte ngra pengar= Han har inga pengar.
nuunly used in written language. A noun following these words
but
should be in the indefinite form, for example: denna bok, detta r,
Han sa att han inte hade ngra pengar,
dessa mnniskor.
This means that ingen/inget/inga cannot be used in subordinate
S WEDI SH
HOW MUCH is I TP
7 Styck, stycken
vningar
This is a term widely used when shopping and in the import and
export trade. There is no English equivalent. Here it means of t
><
~k politely for the following things in a shop.
but it corresponds more commonly to apiece, each or per unit, for
exam ple:
(a) 1 litre of milk.
7
(6) t/2 litre of yoghurt,
Citronerna kostar 2 kronor styck. The lemons cost 2 kr each.
(c) >/2 kilo of butter.
Kan jag f tre (stycken)
Can I have three chops, pleasct
(d) 1~/z dozen eggs.
kotletter?
(e) 2 loaves of bread.
In the last example stycken is best left untranslated, You don't have (f) 3 ki l os of potatoes.
to use itbut you may hear it from time to time.
(g) ~/4 kilo of coffee
(h) 2 hg ofham.
(i) 1 ti n of anchovies.
8 P/ural forms of Swedish nouna
(j)
a couple of apples.
Fourth declension nouns take -n in the plural, This is by far the
llmpia (-an, -or) ioaf (of bread) burk (-an, -ar) t i n
att kvarts kilo a quarter of a kilo ana)ovis (-en, -ar) anchovies
smallest declension, as only around 4% of Swedish nouns belong to
sklnkia (-an, -or) barn
this category. They are easily recognisable, as they are all ett- words
and all end in an unstressed vowel, usually -e, for example:
ett pple tv pplen
FiH in the missing words as indicated,
ett yrke tv yrken
(a) (He ate half a sanduich and drank half a bottle of red wine
ett kvitto
tv kvitton in half an hour.) Han t.. . . . . , smrgas och drack... . . . .
Other nouns belonging to t hi s declension
are: ansikte (face),
flaska rdvin p.. . , . . . .
frimrke (stamp), re, kilo, konto, rhnge (earring), stlle
(6) (She ate half an apple and drank half a cup of coffeein half
(place), minne (memory, souvenir), ]prta (heart).
the time,) Hon t... . . . . pple och drack..., . . . kopp ka6e
p.. . . . . . t i den,
One important group of nouns belonging to this declension are the
(c) (They saved half the salary so that they could go to Spain for
nouns ending in -ande or -ende which do not denote people, for
half a year.) De sparade ... . . . . l nen s att de skulle
exam ple:
kunna ka till Spanien under,, . . . . . .
ett leende tv leenden smile
(d) (Half of Stveden is covered by forest.) ... . . . . Sverige r
ett frsvinnande tv frsvinnanden disappearance
tckt av skog.
There are also three irregular nouns: Answer the questions in Swedish as fully as possible. Use the
comparative forms of the adjectives.
ett ga tv gon eye
Example: Vilken bil r bst, en Mini eller en Rolls Royce?
ett ra tv ron ear
En Rolls Royce r bttre n en Mini.
ett huvud tv huvuden head
(a) Vem r strst, Lasse eller ke?
(6) Vilken r billigast, Lasses trja eller Janes kofta?
(c) Vi lken bil r dyrast, en Mini eller en Rolls Royce?
92 93
4 W 8 LI / 6 tf
HOW MUCH / S I T7
(d) Vi lket berg r hgst, Ben Nevis eller Mount Everest?
: 6 St udy the pictures of the clothes and the prices on page 96, and
(e) Vi lken stad r minst, London eller Stockholm?
the table below. Use them when answering the questions.
Vilket land har flest invnare, England eller Sverige?
(tt) When you arrive at Arlanda airport in Stockholm you find
4 Fill in the correct form of the adjective liten i n the following
that your suitcase has travelled on to Helsinki. The airline
sentences.
gives you I 000 kronor to buy some essential clothes until
( a) Flickan r. . . (jf) Staden r...
the suitcase has been returned to you. It is expected tomor
(b) Aftren r... (g) Landet r...
row morning. You were very hot during the day but now you
(c) Hj rtat r. . . ( h) Huvudet r. . .
feel cold. What would you spend the money on and how much
(d) Gatorna r.. . (i) gonen r...
will it cost?
(e) pplet r ... ( j) Sj n r. . .
(b) Help a t eenager from England who doesn't know any
Swedish to buy a new outfit. He has 500 kronor to spend,
Den.. . , . . . fl i ckan frn den.. . . . . . staden i det.. . . . . . l andet,
(c) Buy something nice for your sister's birthday. You can afford
5 Answer the questions as in the example: to spend 250 kronor. She likes jewellery.
Example: Har du ngon penna? Nej, jag har ingen penna. (d) Describe the clothes you are wearing today, and count how
much you have spent on them!
(a) Har du ngon bil?
(b) Har du ngot socker?
(c) Har du haft ngon TV? damklder (ladies' wear) 17 ett par sockor socks
(d) Har du ngra bcker?
1 klnning (-en,-ar) dress
18 ett par handskar g/oves
(e) Har du haft ngot hus?
2 blus (-en. -ar) b/ouse
19 ett par kngor baots
(f) Har du ngon fru? 3 kjol (-en, -ar) skirt
20 ett par stvlar weltingtons
(g) Har du ngra barn?
4 kapp/a (-an, -or) coat
21 T-shirt T- shirt
5 nattlinne(-t, -n) ni ghtdress
22 pyjamas (-en, -0) pyjamas
6 Insert the correct demonstrative adjectives in the sentences below, 6 baddrkt (-en,-er) swimsuit
23 jack/a (-an, -or) jacket
7 j umper (-n, jumprar) jumper
24 hatt (-en, -ar) hat
( a) Anders och Ulla bor i (this). . . . . . . huset p (t/ttis).. . . . . . 25 mss/a (-an,-or) cap
gatan i (this)..., . . . staden i (thai s)....... landet. underklder (underwear)
26 nsduk (-en,-ar) hsndksrchief
(b) John vil l bj uda (thai) . . . . . . . fl i ckan p ( that) . . . . . . .
8 beh (-n, -ar) bra
kafet efter (that).. . . . . , bion. 9 underklnning (-en,-ar) sl ip
herrklder (men's wear)
(c) (Those) ... . . . . bi obiljetterna r inte s dyra som (these)
10 ett par trosor briefs 27 kostym (-en, -er) suit
,. . . . . . operabiljetterna.
11 ett par strumpbyxor ti ghts 28 skjort/a (-an, -or) shirt
29 ett par byxor trousers
7 Insert the correct plural forms of the missing nouns. Choose from smycken j (ewe/lery) 30 rock (-en, -ar) cvercoat
the following nouns: ansikte, frimrke, bjrta, konto, yrke, 12 halsband (-et. -0) necklace
31 kavaj (-en, -er) jacket
pple, ga, ra,
13 armband (-et, -0) bracetet
32 slips (-en, -ar) t i e
14 rhnge (-t, -n) earnngs
33 trj/a (-an, -or) sweater
( a) Janus hade tv.. . , . . .
( b) Robert mste kpa... , . . .
bde damer och herrar (uniscx) underklder (underwsar)
(c) Ngra mnniskor har tv.. . , . . . p banken. 15 ett par jeans j sans 34 undertrbj/a (-an, -or) vest
( d) Mnga kvinnor har tv,. . . , , , 16 ett par skor shoes 35 ett par kalsonger pants
(e) Ulla kper. . . . . . . p torget,
( jf) Duhar et t par . . . . . . . ochettpar . . . , . . .
( g) St, Valentine's day kallas Alla.. . . , . . -s Dag i Sverige
94
95
6 WCV J Ot f
HOW MUCH IS I r ?
gou ai'e out shopping with a friend, Complete your parts of the
dialogue.
(Say you must buy something to bri ng back home,)
~gpid
Svenskt glas r vrldsbermt. Vill du titta p det?
(Say Yes, but you can probably not afford it.)
g~ggid Allt r inte dyrt. Titta p den dr lilla kristallsklen!
' ,
. gou (Say it i s wonderfully beauti ful, but unfortunately you
haven't got that much money left.)
Ingrid De dr sm djuren i glas r fantastiskt fina.
e
'0
Tabu (Sa y Yes, you'll buy such an elk. It will be a good sou
e
venir of Sweden.)
Ingrid En dal ahst mste du ocks ha. De finns i alla stor
i
lekar, Dalahsten r Sveriges turistsouvenir nummer
ett,
You (Say Yes, of course, I must have one like that,)
glas (mt, -0) gl assware fantastiskt fantastically
0
o 0 vrtdsbermt world famous lg (mn, -ar) el k
krlstallskl (wn, -ar) crystal bowf minne (-t, -n) souvenir
+$0 ' 04
underbart wonderfully dalahst (-en, -ar) Dala horse
kvar lett nummer (numret, nummer)
7i .vd
djur (-et, -0) animal numtter
44
0
1W"
4
$0tt a4
Frstr du?
i54 44
Om pengar inte r ngot problem s r det ett sant nje att handla
i Sverige. Det mesta r vanligtvis av hg kvalitet och utskt smak.
Enkelhet r vad som karakteriserar svensk stil, Al l a kper
svenskt glas. Orrefors, Kosta, Boda och Mlers r ngra glasbruk
som r knda i hela vrlden. Mnga av de konstnrer som har
arbetat och arbetar dr har blivit vrldsbermda, t.ex. Simon
'fO
d,
Gate, Edward Hald, Bertil Vallien, Mats Jonasson och mnga
flera. Men allt r inte dyrt. Om du ser ordet REA i ett skyltfnster
betyder det att det r realisation och d sljer affren mnga
gc<dd saker billigare, ofta till halva priset eller mindre, Detsamma gller
ordet Extrapris eller Nedsatt pris. D kan du gra m nga fynd.
96
97
s rv E D I s H
problem (mt, 4) pr oblem har arbetat havs worked
sann (sant, sanna) true, real REA (short for reaiiaatlon) saie
nle (-t, -n) pl easure akyitfnater (-fnatret, -0) shop
vaniigtvia usualiy window
utskt exquisite det betyder it means
atnak (wn, wr) taste aijer sel !
VAR LIGGER
enkelhet (mn) simplicity eak (wn, -er) thing h
karakter iserar characterises detsatnma the same
stil (wn, -ar) st yle giier applies to
KAFET?
glasbruk (mt, 4) gl asswoks extraprls (wt, wr) special offer
knda I heia vrlden known nedsatt pris reduced price
Where is the caf(
throughout the world fynd (wt, -0) bargain
konstnr (wn, wr) artist, designer
Rtt eller fel?
(a) Det r ett nje att handla i Sverige.
(b) Mnga svenska glaskonstnrer r knda i hela vrlden.
(c) Extrapris betyder att priset r extra hgt. In thls unit you wil] learn
how to ask for directions
how to give directions
how to apologise
how to respond when somebody apologises
Samtal
Robert is asking Anders for directions.
Robert Jag ska trffa Ulla och Jane p Kaf Continental om en
kvart. Var ligger det och hur ska jag g fr att komma dit?
Anders Det r inte svrt. Du ska g ver gatan nr du kommer ut
ur banken. Vid posten gr du till hger ver gatan igen p
vergngsstllet vid trafikljusen. G snett ver torget.
Fortstt ver gatan och ta till vnster frbi busshllplatsen.
G rakt fram ver bron. Kaf Continental ligger dr vid
kanalen mitt emot en stor park,
Robert Hur l ng tid tar det?
Atters Det tar bara fem minuter.
Robert Bra. D hinner jag kanske g in p posten ocks och kpa
98
SWEDI SH WHERE IS THE CAFEP
frimrken och posta mina vykort. den hr staden?
Anders D fr du skynda dig fr det r ofta k dr. Jag mste g
.g+~~en Ja, det f
inns det. Den ligger vid jrnvgsstationen. G runt
till kontoret nu, Vi ses i kvll. Ha det s trevligt! hrnet och ta tredje tvrgatan till vnster. D ser ni statio
Robert Tack fr hjlpen. nen. Turistbyrn ligger strax intill.
Tack fr hjlpen.
trffa mest mlN emot opposite
gzgnen Ingen orsak, Jag hr att ni r utlnningar, Vad tycker ni
kaf (wt, wr) caf park (mn, wr) park om Sverige?
om in (time) tid (wn, wr) ti ma
ligger is (lit. lies) lar takes
:<,. @~bert Vi tycker om Sverige.
fr att (in order) to bra gocd
dit there hlnner have time to urskta excuse me strax lntlll ri ght next to
dver acrcss kanske perhaps kan nl tala om fr oss'f
can you ingen orsak don't mention iti
ut ur out of posta post le/lus'? hdr hear
posten the post office vykort (wt, -0) postcard g runt hrnet gc round the corner tycker om lhink cf
till hger tc the right fr have to trsdie third tycker om like
Igen again skynda dig hurry up tvrgatla (-an, wr) crossroad
overgngsst8le (-t, -n) pedestrian ofla of ten
crossing fr because
traflkllus (mt, an) tr affic light k (-n, wr) (pronounced with Rtt eller fel?
snett di agonally hard k) queue
fortstt ccntinue kontor (wt, -0) office
... (a) Det finns ingen turistbyr i staden.
ta till vnster gc lett nu now
(5) Turi stbyrn ligger p andra tvrgatan.
forbl pest vl ses see ycu
busshllplats (wn, wr) bus stop ha det s trevligt have a nice time
(c) St ationen ligger strax intill turistbyrn.
rakt fram st raight cn tack fr hll pen thanks fcr
bro (-n, -ar) bridge your help
kanal (wn, wr) canai
Vad ni behver veta
Rtt eller fel?
Turistbyr There is usually a
hxristbyr in every town where
(a) Ul l a och Jane ska trffa Robert p Kaf Continental.
there is something of interest to
(b) Anders sger att det r svrt att komma dit.
tourists. Outside there is a green
(c) Det tar en kvart att g till kafet frn banken.
sign wi th whi t e l et t e ring, i n
(d) Robert vill g till posten och posta vykort.
English, as in the illustration.
Streets As you al ready know, the word for a street is gata, but
there are other words, too. The word that corresponds directly to road
Samtal is en vg, En aveny is, not surprisingly, avenue, but en all is not
what you may have expected it is a tree-lined avenue. The word that
Jane and Robert have gone sightseeing on their own in a small town,
corresponds to the English alley or lane is en grnd or, sometimes,
They are looking for a Turistbyr (Tourist Information Centre).
en smalgata. The Swedish word tvrgata is crossroad.
Robert stops a man in the street. >4rit (mig), Urskta (mig) When apologising you say either for.
Robert Ur skta, kan ni tala om fr oss om det finns en turistbyr i
it (mig) (forgive rne) or urskta (mig) (excuse rne, I'tn sorry,
100
101
SWED/SH WHEAE IS THE CAFE7
pardon). They are normally interchangeable, though frlt ;s
Grammatik
stronger.
Ingen orsak When someone apologises to you, you should say
ingen orsak (lit, no cause) or det gr ingenting (it doesn't matte )
Plurai forms of Swedish nouns
... provided, of course, that it doesn't!
t of the nouns belonging to the fikh and last declension are
i +g. words that end in a consonant. They are unchanged in the plural,
;",-,-; g axample:
S hr sger man
ett barn a ch i ld tv barn two children
ett hus a house tv hus t wo houses
How to:
ett kk a ki tc hen tv kk two ki tchens
ask for directions
.:: ~s is the second largest declension as around 26% of the Swedish
nouns have no plural ending,
Hur ska jag g fr att How do I get to...?
komma till...?

, gou will find that many words for categories belong to this group,
Hur kommer man till...? How do I get to...?
,
.although the individual animals/trees etc. are en- words which do
Var ligger...? Where is...? have plural endings:
Finns det ngon Is there a (restaurant)
ett djur tv djur animal
(restaurang) hr? here?
ett trd tv trd tree
Hur lng tid tar det? How long does it take?
but
Var r toaletten? Where is the toilet?
en hund
dog tv hundar
Kan ni hjlpa mig? Can you help me?
en ek oak tv ekar
give directions
Apart from the ett- words ending in a consonant there are also some
G rakt fram. Go straight on.
aa- words that stay unchanged in the plural, i,e. the en- words
G ver gatan. Go across the street.
ending in -are, -ande or -er denoting people, for example:
G snett ver... Go diagonally across...
en arbetare tv arbetare worker
G till hger. Go to the right.
en lirare tv lrare teac ber
Ta till vnster. Go to the left.
en skdespelare tv skdespelare
actor
G frbi (sjukhuset). Go past the (hospital).
italienare tv italienare Italian
G lngs (kanalen). Go along the (canal).
G tillbaka, Go back,
en studerande tv studerande student
G genom (tunneln) Go through the (tunnel).
en resande tv resande traoeller
Fortstt till (busshllplatsen) Continue to the (bus stop),
en ordfrande tv ordfrande chai rman
(Posten) ligger mitt emot... (The post office) is opposi te...
en musiker tv musiker musician
(Turistbyrn) ligger bredvid . (The tourist information centre)
en tekniker tv tekniker technician
is right next to...
en australier tv australi er Australian
102 103
S wED/SH WHERE IS THE CAF&7
To recapitulate: To find out the plural ending of a noun you first
note the following irregular nouns:
investigate from the surrounding words or the ending (en/ett
den/det, the definite singular or an adjective ending) if the noun is , sfng. def. sing. indef. plural def. plural
an en- word, in which case the plural form ends in an -r (either -or
~ fnan
mannen tv mn mnnen
I
man
-ar, -er or -r), or for the -are, -ande, -er w ords above: no plural ending
att ga
gat tv gon gonen ey
tt ra
rat tv ron ronen ear
If the noun is an ett- word, the plural ending is an -n for the ett.
words ending in a vowel but there is no plural ending for the ett
1
words ending in a consonant, apart from the few ett- words ending in
. 'g 7yckaom
-er in the plural already mentioned in Unit 5. Below is a table show.
J
ing the five different groups of nouns and their plural endings: . : "gots that the meaning changes if you change the stress between the
(1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (5)
: ,
- srotds tycka and om. If tycka is stressed, the phrase means What is
-or -ar -er -r -n no ending
: yeur opinion of...?, but if you stress om the phrase means to like, for
"::; example:
flickor po j kar fami l j er skor ppl en barn ',I
Vad tycker du om EU? What is your opinion of the EU?
AHa barn tycker om choklad. Al l chi l dren like chocolate.
2 Flickorna (the girls), barnen (the children)
The in plural is an ending in Swedish, as was the in the singular. For 4 Ligga
all en-words it is -na, The ett- words that end in a vowel in the singu
lar and add an -n in the plural, have just an -a added in the definite
The verb ligga (lit. lie) is used about houses, streets, towns, lakes,
form plural, so in effect they look like all the en- words. However, for
islands, countries etc. where English would use is, is situated, lies,
the ett- words that end in a consonant in the basic form singular, and
stands, for example:
are identical in the plural, the definite form plural is -en.
Huset ligger p Storgatan,
Note that en- words ending in -are in the singular drop the final -e
Gatan ligger vid stationen.
before -na is added.
Staden ligger vid havet.
Landet ligger i Europa.
Below is a table showing the various noun-endings.
indef. sing. def. sing. indef. plural def, plural 5 P (onlinlat/to)
(1) -or en flicka -n tv flickor flickorna
(2) -ar en pojke -n tv pojkar pojkarna
Examples of prepositions that you have already met are i, till, p,
(3) mr en famItj -en tv famItjer famIfjerna hn, av, ver.
-I'
en sko -n tv skor skorna
(4) -n ett pple -t tv pplen pplena
As a rule p is used to translate on as a preposition of place, e.g. p
(5) -0 eN barn -et tva barn barnen bordet (on the table), p golvet (on the floor), but in some expres
en arbetare -n tv arbetare arbetarna
sions p corresponds to in;
en ordfrande -n tva ordfrande ordfrandena
en poMiker -n tv politiker politikerna
p Storgatan in the High Street
p landet i n the countryside
p himlen in the sky
Note that -0 means that singular and plural are identical.
Note: The Swedish word himmel means both sky and heaven. To
104
105
S WEDISH WHERE IS THE CAFE?
distinguish between these two meanings different prepositions are
gots: Swedish uses an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence
used. Thus p himlen means in the sky but i himlen means i
n heacen with an imperative.
In other expressions p corresponds to at or to, especially with public ekote also the imperative forms in expressions such as;
buildings, places of work or places of entertainment:
hjlp mig! Hop mel
p banken
p operan Skynda dig! Hurry upl
p kontoret
p teatern Ha det s trevligt! Haoe a nice time!
p posten p bio
p kafet
p restaurang
p varuhuset
p sjukhuset vningar
6 Stanna! Gt Fortsttl Kp!
Fill in the missing words in their correct form with the help of the
vocabulary below,
These verb forms are called the imperative forms. They are used
(a) Ulla har (a kitcken),, . . . . . med mnga ( cupboards)..., . . .
when you want to tell, ask or order someone to do something. Like the
(b) I (a cupboard) ... , . . . har hon (bread) ... . . , . och i ett
present tense, the imperative is formed from the infinitive, The
a nnat har hon (flour),, . . . . . och (rice).. . . . . . .
imperative of the verbs which end in -ar in the present tense is iden
(c) I (the fridge) ... . , , , har hon (a dozen eggs) .... . . , , l i t e
tical to the infinitive form, for example:
(meat).... . . . och(h
aifa kg ofbutter)...... . .
Infinitive Pres ent tense
Imperative (d) Anders vill ha (a little sugar).. . . . . . i ( t he coffee)... . . . .
men (no sugar),... . . . i (the tea),,, . . . . .
stanna stannar stanna! stop, stay
tala talar tala! speak
(e) Ulla plockar mnga sorters vilda (berries)... . . . , ti l l exem
pel (raspberries).... . . . och (bilberries)... . . . . .
arbeta arbetar arbeta! work
(f) Jane kper ngra (postcards) ... . . . . som vi sar svenska
However, those verbs which end in -er or just -r in the present tense, (houses)... , . . . ,
form their imperative by taking away the present tense ending, so the
imperative is identical to the stem of the verb:
Infinitive Pres ent tense
Imperative
fortstta forts t t er
fortstt! conti nu e
kpa kper kp! buy
g
gr g! go
Both the imperative and the present tense are identical with the
etern
in those verbs which have a stem that ends in -r, e.g. gra, hra,
lra, kra.
Infinitive Pres ent tense Imperative
attaP (~, R) cupboard till exempel (abbrev: t. ex.) f or
gra gr gr! do, make
mll (at, e) fi our exampie (e.g.)
rla (W, A) ri ce hallon (mt, 4) raspberry
hra hr hr! kear
p (wt, 4) fr idge visar show
lra lr
lr'! learn
vild (vilt, vilda) wild
kra kr kr! dri ue
106 107
S WEDISH vtrHEFtE /s THE CAF '?
2 Wr i t e questions in response to the following statements.
C l
Example: Jag kan inte se ngra flickor Var r flickorna?
S P0
Z
l
l
(a) Jag kan inte se ngra blommor.
CIP
s
(b) Vi har tv hundar. Zl
C0 C
OO
(c) Du mste lsa ngra bcker,
l
l 0 ID
(d) Hon vill kpa nya skor.
A l
g
s
.
IZ
(e) Du skul l e be om kvitton.
Z
Ol
a0
(P Han har flera lrare. l
C0
(g) De har mnga barn.
l
0
pL
(h) Hr f i nns inte ngra mn.
IA
bua
Gl
3 Fi l l i n t he mi ssing words. Remember that t he adverbs (inte,
f
IP
C
mycket, mest) are placed between tycka and om.
C
I
ke frgar John vad han (thinks ofl... . . . . sommarstugan. Johtt
svarar att han (likes)... . . . . den, men han ( doesn't like)... . , . . O C
PP
vdret. Han (likes oery muck) ... . . . . mat en, men han (likes
0
t ! , 4
most).. . , . . . musiken, Vad han (thi nks of).... . . . pri set p l i C'
I
Sverige vill han i nte t al a om, men han t alar grna om att han
la C P
0l
(likes).. . . . . . Sverige.
l
AO 0t
AO I
Pl
Q O
AO
A O l
C
I
O
kartla (-an, -or) map, town plan Drottninggatan Queen Street
O
bilverkstad (-en, -stder) Kungsgatan Ki ng Street ! al!v a!
l
4 O
4 Al
garage kiosk (-en, -er) ki osk l II OP
l
bensinstation (-en, -er) petrol torgstnd (-et, -0) market stall C
station restaurang (-en, mr) restaurant c
parkeringsplats (mn, -er) car bokhandel (-n) book shop
park musikaff (-en, -er) music shop
tunnel (-n, tunnlar) tunne/ apotek (-et, -0) pharmacy
jrnvgsstation (-en, -er) biograf (-en, -er) ci nema
C
I Q C 0
railway station bio (-n) ci nema
SJ (Statens Jrnvgar) the busshtttlptats (-en, -er) bus stop
State Raitways kanal (-en, -er) canal
polisstation (-en, -er) poiice sta sjukhus (-et, -0) hospital
tion operla (-an, -or) opera
hotell (-et, -0) hotel
0
A A 4
I A A A A
A 4 4 A
4 Study the vocabulary above and the map on page 109 and answer
C Ol
the following questions in Swedish. Be as precise as possible.
0
K
l I
Example: Var r turistbyrn? Den ligger p Jrnvgsgatan
! C 4
l
mejlan stationen och parkeringsplatsen mitt emot torget.
I ; 0 4 0
0
4
O
p 4
CI
108
109

owrvsart
WHERE IS THE CFE?
(a) Var r busshllplatsen?
Vnnen Hur ska du komma dit?
(b) Var r varuhuset Domus?
You
(Say you're tahing the bus.)
(c) Var r Grand Hotell?
Vnnen
Du kan Slja med oss i bilen. Vi ska g p operan och
(d) Var r bensinstationen?
vi ska parkera bilen vid stationen. D behver du bara
(e) Var r operan?
g ver torget fr att komma till bion.
(f) Var r jrnvgsstaionen?
You (Say Thanh you very tnuch.)
(g) Var r sjukhuset?
(h) Var r pohsstationen?
Frstr du?
till vnster/hger om to the p andra sidan om on the other
lefVright of side of
i hrnet av at the comer of
Sverige har frmodligen den renaste l i en i Eur opa utom i
storstderna, men svenskarna r nog mer bekymrade n ngra
You have been asked for directions by a stranger. With the help of
andra ver miljfrstringen. De tar verkligen problemet p allvar,
the map and the vocabulary above tell him;
och de gr mycket fr att stoppa ytterligare frorening. De frsker
vertala folk att anvnda kollektivtrafiken, s att antalet bilar i
(a) how to find the post office when he is at the Grand Hotell.
stdernas centrum ska minska. De industrier eller personer som
(b) where to find the police station when his car has been broken
frorenar marken eller vattnet fr betala hga bter, och de
into at the car park,
stnger daghem, som ligger vid gatukorsningar, eftersom bilarnas
(c) how to find the bus stop when he is at the bank.
avgaser r srskilt farliga fr sm barn.
(d) where he can buy some CDs or videos. He is at the restau
rant.
Det som upprr svenskarna mest r att mycket kanske det
(e) where to find the department store when he is at the bus
mesta? av froreningen i Sverige har "importerats" frn andra
stop,
lnder i Europa, och Sverige r maktlst att frhindra det. Skogar
(f) how to find the school when he is at the railway station.
och sjar frsuras, och stersjn r nu ett av vrldens mest frore
(g) where to go to buy medicine as he comes out of the hospital,
nade hav. Eftersom det bor 70 miljoner mnniskor i lnderna runt
(h) where he can buy petrol when he is at Parkvgen.
omkring stersjn, och flera andra lnder vid stersjn har s
(i) where he can buy flowers and then find the way to the hospi
stora ekonomiska svrigheter att de inte har rd m ed reningsverk
tal. He is at the railway station.
o.d., r det ett mycket stort problem. Alla vill, men inte alla kan!
(j) ner e to go for a cup of coffee after a visit to the cinema. He
wants to sit outdoors.
Complete the following dialogue.
renaste cl eanest problem (wt, 4) pr oblem
luft (wn) ai r p allvar sariously
Vnnen Vad ska du gra i kvll? Europa (pronounced 'Eropa') stoppa stop
You (Say you are going out cuith a friend,)
Europa ytterligare further
Vnnen Vem d? Och vad ska ni gra?
utom excapt frorening (wn, -ar) pollution
torstad (wn, -stder) big city frsker try
You (Say I t ' s Kerstin, Firat, you'li go to the cinetna and then
svensk (-en, -ar) Swede va rlala persuada
you'Ll go to a caf,) bekymrade wcrried anvnda use
Vnnen Nr ska du trffa Kerstin, och var?
n than kollekt/vtrafik (-en) public
You (Say I n hal f an hour at the cinema.)
miljfrstring (wn) trans port
envi ronmental pollution
110
111
antal (et, -0) number farlig dangerous
centrum (et, centra) centra upprr upset
minska decrease Importerats tyeenimported
Industri (-n, er) industry maktls powerless
person (en, er) person frhindra present
frorenar pol lute frsuras are acitled FR JAG BE
mark (en, er) gr ound vrld (en, -ar) (I is mule) world
betala pay runt
omkring around
OM NOTAN?
bter (plural) fi nes ekonomisk economic
daghem (-met, A) day nvrsery svrighet (en, er) di f ficulty
gatukorsning (en, -ar) road har rftd med can afford May I have the bill, pleaseF
jvnction reningsverk (et, 4) sewags works
eftersom as o.d. (och dylikt) et c.
avgas (en, er) exhaust lume sur acfc
srskilt particvlarly
R5tt eller fel?
r
(a) Luf ten i Sverige r inte s ren som luften i Europa.
;,: In this unit you wiii learn
(b) Svenskarna tar problemet med miljfrstringen p allvar.
(c) Svenskarna kan stoppa det sura regnet. how to order a meal at a restaurant
how to state likes and dislikes concernin g food and drink
how to complain about the food or the se rvice
Samtal
Anders and Ulla Svensson and Jane and Robert Taylor arrive at a
restau rant.
f,::: Anders Hovmstarn! Vi bar bestllt ett bord fr fyra.
Hovmstaren Vl komna! Hur var namnet?
Anders Anders Svensson.
Hovmstaren Vi har reserverat fnsterbordet dr borta. Passar
det?
Anders Det r utmrkt. Kan vi f se p matsedeln, tack!
Vad rekommenderar ni?
Hovntstaren I dag rekommenderar jag vr kalvstek eller ocks
rdsptta, Den r alldeles frsk.
Ulla Jag tycker vi ska ha ngot riktigt svenskt. Vad
sger ni om vstkustsallad till att brja med? Och
hjortron med glass till dessert?
112 113
S WEDI SH h/A Y I HA VE THE 8/ LL, PLEASE /
Robert Vad r vstkustsallad?
Ulla
gye eller fel?
Det r rkor eller krabba med svamp, tomater
gurka, sallad och dill. Vstkustsallad r en grnsakssallad.
Robert Jag r inte s frtjust i fisk och skal@ur. Jag vijj
(y) Robert tycker inte om skaldjur.
hellre ha s parrissoppa och kalvstek,
- (c) Al l a dricker rdvin till maten.
Jane Jag lskar skaldjur, s jag tar grna vstkustsallad
Och kalvstek fr mig ocks. Jag tl inte fet mat.
Anders Jag tar gravad lax och flskkotlett. Samtal
Ulla Jag tycker s mycket om deras vstkustsallad, och
jag vill ha ngot ltt eftert. Deras svamPomelett r
:, A few minutes later.
alltid s ltt och luftig, Den blir bra fr mig.
Anders Frken, kan vi bestlla? Vstkustsallad fr tv, en Anders (To t he wai tress:l Urskta, varfor tar det s lng tid
sparrissoppa och en gravad lax. Sedan kalvstek fr med varmrtten? Och det hr vinet r fr surt. Jag
tv, en svampomelett och en fl skkotlett. Ti l l bad om Medoc. Det fattas ett glas ocks.
dessert vill vi alla ha hjortron med glass och ka6e Servitrisen , frlt! Det var mitt fel. Jag ska genast hmta Medoc
eftert, tack. och ett glas till. Maten r strax klar.
Servitrisen Tack. Ngot att dricka? Hr r vr vinlista,
Jane Det hr var verkligen underbart gott.
Anders Ja, tack, Ett par flaskor rdvin, och mineralvatten till
UHa Ja, min omelett var lika fin som vanligt. Och vstkust
min fru. Hon kr, s hon dricker inte ngot starkt,
salladen var bttre n den brukar vara.
Anders Min k ot l ett var inte s varm som den borde vara.
hovmatare (-n, -0) krabb/a (-an, -or) crab
UOa Du pratar fr mycket, Du skulle lta maten tysta mun,
(pron.'hovmstarn') head wai ter rk/a (-an, -or) prawn
har bestllt have booked jag r inte s frtjust I I don't
Anders Frken, fr jag be om notan?
bord (mt, A) tabl e care for Servitrisen Varsgod.
har reserverat have reserved skaldjur (wt, 4) shel lfish Anders r de t med eller utan dricks?
fnsterbord (ot, -0) table by sparrlsaopp/a (-an, wr) aspsrsgus
Servitrisen Det r med 10%.
the window soup
dr borta over there lskar l ove
Anders Vars god. Det r jmnt.
passar det'? wi ll that suit you? jag tl Inte fel mat fatty food
Servitrisen Tack s mycket. Vlkomna tillbaka!
utmrkt excellent disagrees with me
matsedel (-n, -sedlar) menu gravad lax marinated salmon
rekommenderar recommend
varmrtt (wn, -er) main course pratar ta/k
flskkotlett (wn, wr) pork chop
fr surt too sour
kalvstek (wn, -ar) roast vea! deras the/r
Ita maten tysta mun iproverb)
eller ocks or e/se
det fattas ett glas a g/ass is keep silent while esting
ltt fi ght
eftert af terwards
missing fr jag be om notan? may / havs
rdsptt/a (wn, mr) p/aice
fel (-et, -0) fault
tycker thi nk
the bi il, p/ease?
omel alt (wn, wr) orne/et
ngot riktigt svenskt something
genast at once med eller utan dricks wi th or
luftig ai t y
hmta fetch
reaily Swedish bestlla or der
without service charge
vstkuataallad west coast sa/ed
klar ready det r jmnt p/esse, keep
aervltr/e (wn, wr) waitress
brja begin
lika fin som vanligt as good as usual the chsnge/
vlnllst/a (-an, -or) wi ne list
bttre n den brukar vara better
underbar wonderful mineralvatten (-vattnet, W)
than usuai
hjortron (wt, 4) cf oudberry mineral water
glass (wn) ice cream kr (bli) dr i ves
dessert (wn, mr) (pron. 'dessr') ngot starkt any alcohol
dessert
114 115
S WED/SH MA Y I HAVE THE BI LL, PLEASE?
Rtt eller fel?
stsj mad rostat brd li ver varm chokladss hot chocolate
with toast sauce
(a) Maten tar lng tid.
(an, wr) mi nute steak jordgubbstrta strawberry gteau
(b) Vi net r mycket gott.
k
(jasmr (at) parsley butter dagens rtt today's special
(c) Dr i cksen r med p notan. gurka fr esh cucumberin a kNbullar mad lingon meatballs
. ~ar dressing wi th parsley and with cranberries
I
,\ Ingr is included
peas pris (wt, 4) pr ice
gad (wn, wr) fr uit salad liksom li ke, as well as
kaka mad vanlljss apple dryck (wn, wr) drink
'.. oake with vanla custard
MATSEDEL
r
Vad ni behver veta
Frrtter
Sparris soppa
staren A wai ter is en kypare and a waitress is en servi
Leverpastej med rostat brd
but these words are not used when addressing them, You
Gravad lax
ss them as hovmstaren (pronounced hovmstarn) or vakt
Vstkustsallad
to the waiter and frken to the waitress.
Varmrtter
na rtt As i n other countries, many Swedish restaurants offer
Svampomelett
' h of the day, Dagens rtt, at a special price, Sometimes bread,
Lvbiff med persiljesmr
'tter and a drink (milk, light beer, a soft drink or coffee) is included
Rdsptta med pommes frites
the price.
Flskkotlett med inlagd gurka hol Be warned! The Swedish laws are very strict, forbidding
Kalvstek med rter och mortter ost all alcohol consumption by drivers. The stiff fines and the
matic loas of the driving licence are intended as a deterrent, so
Desserter
tain from drintung any alcohol if you intend to drive.
Fruktsallad med grdde
Swedish national strong drink is snaps or brnnvin (oqttauit)
ppelkaka med vaniljss
strong is the word! There are many varieties, of which Skne
Glass med varm chokladss
Renat are perhaps the favourites, Snaps cannot be ordered at
jordgubbstrta bar, only at the table, as it is not a drink to take without eating,
Hjortron med glass
, the 6rst snaps should be swallowed in one gulp, with the next
you only swallow half a glass, aiterwards a third or a quarter ... if
DAGENS RTT continue you'il most likely end up under the table! Swedes have
Kttbullar med lingon drinking songs which they sing before toasting each other and
: 4hng the snaps on special occasions.
Brd, smr och sallad ingr i priset liksom en dryck
(lttl, mineralvatten eller kaffe)
There are several classes of beer: starkl, also called exportl,
':..>hich is strongest, pilsnez', of medium strength, and folkl and
i, which is hardly beer at all, and, unlike the others, can be
116 117
8 vvEDISH MA Y I HAVE THE 8( LL, PLEASE?
bought in ordinary grocer's shops.
;". Det smakar mycket gott. It tastes very good
High taxes make most alcohol expensive prohibitively expensive t
' Det smakar underbart It tastes wonderfuL
order at a restaurant but you can get just about any drink you like
Det smakar illa It tastes bad,
at Systemet (the State Liquor Shop). You can also buy imported
Det smakar hemskt/frfrligt It tastes terriblelaw ful,
beers, though they are more costly.
complain
There are also a variety of soft drinks, Ramlsa, Porla and Vrby
Varfr tar det s lng tid? Why does i t take so long?
are natural sparkling mineral waters. Fresh fruit j uices are sold
Det fattas.
. . .. .i s missing
everywhere.
Maten r kalL The food is cold.
Dricks Most restaurants add a 10% or 12.5% service charge to the
Vinet r surt/torrt. The wine is sourldry.
bill, and it is usual to round it up.
gatan stmmer inte. The bill is not correct.
Hjortron (cl oudberries) is a very special Swedish delicacy. They
ktt meat grnsaker vegetables
only grow in the north in bogs or mires, so they are difficult to get
, kahr veal potatis pctatoes
hold of, %hen they ripen i n August i t i s r umoured that some
btff beef rter peas
Norwegians come in by helicopter just to pick them. The big brown ; 'oxktt bee! mortter carrots
bears are also very partial to them. Hjortron look like big, yellow
:tamm iamb bnor beans
- : , . fr mutton lk onions
raspberries and have a unique and delicious Qavour,
Nsk pork purjolk leeks
; :
.
oharkvaror cooked mest
vltkl cabege
S hr sger man
yg : atdnka barn
brysselkl sprouts
"'l"' pastej p'
blomkl cauliflower
korv sausage
sallad iettuce
sparris asparagus
How to:
f lak fi sh
rdisor radishes
lax salmon
or der food and drink
torsk cod
br berries
rdsptta plaice
jordgubbar strawberries
Kan jag f lite. . ., tack?
Can I have some .. please?
krsbr chernes
skaldjur sheilfish
Jag tar..., tack,
krusbr gooseberries
I'll take.
.., please. rkor prawns
bjrnbr biackberries
Var snll och ge mig...
Please, give me...
krabba crab
blbr bilberries
hummer lobster
st ats likes and dislikes concern ing food and drink
hallon raspenies
f rukt fruit
lingon cranberries
Jag lskar.. . I love...
apalain orange nypon rosehips
Jag tycker mycket om...
@tron lemon
I like.. . very much.
hjortron cloudberries
banan banana
Jag tycker inte om... I don't like.
. .
kokt boiled
persika peach
Jag r inte s frtjust i ..
stekt friad
I don't care for. . . aprikos apricot
grillad grilied
Jag tl inte.. . ... disagrees with me. pple apple
ugnsbakad roasted
Jag fr inte ta/dricka .. I'm not allowed to eatldrink. . .
pron pear
rostat (brd) toasted
Jag vill hellre ha.. .
plommon pium
I would rather have...
skr cut
malen melon
Jag fredrar.. .
I prefer...
skala peei
Det smakar gott,
skiva slice
It tastes good.
tillstt add
smrj grease
118
119
SWEDISH MA Y I HA VE THE BI LL, PLEASE' ?
Grammatik god/gott, godare, godast
taiking about what food tastes like in a general sense, Swedes
the neuter form gott regardless of the gender of the noun that it
1 Verbs: past tense of the Nrst conjugation to:
':. Glass r gott, Ice-cream is nice,
There are four main grouPs of verbs, called the four conjugations, The
first three conjugations contain the regular or weak verbs, and th~
Glassen r god.
The ice-cream is nice,
strong or irregular verbs belong to the fourth conjugation. The dig
er.
ence between the regular and the irregular verbs is that the reguiar also that god is compared with endings instead of the usual
verbs form their past tense with endings, whereas the irregular verbs parative and superlative forms bttre and bst when referring to
form their past tense by a change of stem vowel. The past tense (also things taste; for example:
called irnperfect or preterite) is the verb form used to indicate that the
: Fiskrgott. Fish is nice.
action took place in the past, e.g. spelade (played), var (was).
Choklad r godare. Chocolate is nicer.
The first conjugation is by far the largest. We have already had many Glass r godast. Ice-cream is ni cest.
examples of first conjugation verbs: tala, bada, stanna, arbeta,
word god is not as common in Swedish as it is in English and it
brja, sluta, frga, svara, titta, trffa,
used mainly about food or if someone or something is morally
The first conjugation verbs form their past tense by adding -ade to und/righteous. In other cases, Swedish uses the word bra, which
the stem of the verb. Thus the past tense forms of the above verbs
"'-pannot take any endings at all. Thus en god bok would most likely
are: a book of sermons or similar. A book which is a good read is en
bok in Swedish.
t alade st annade br j ade frg ade ti t ta de
badade arbet ade sl ut ade svara de t rff ade
Notice that all verbs ending in -era and -na in the infinitive take ":.' 4 glin bok, mitt hus, mina pengar
-ade as their past tense ending, as do all recently introduced verbs,
e.g, serverade, reserverade, parkerade (all verbs ending -era
-;:; - Vou have already met most of the possessive adjectives or pronouns.
have the main stress on the e in - er a), vaknade, ppnade, :: ' They are the forms of the personal pronouns that correspond to the
regnade, joggade, Skade. genitive of the noun. Thus they express that someone possesses some
thing, hence the name.
In Swedish, possessive adjectives (when they occur before a noun) and
2 Komma och bada, st och Na
possessive pronouns (when they occur independent of any noun) are
identical:
When English has an abbreviated clause consisting of an infinitive >
a verb ending in -ing, as in come j oggi ng, Swedish has two verbs in Det r min bil. It is my car.
the same tense joined by och; for example: Bilen r min, The caris mine.
Vill du komma och jogga? Do you want to comejoggingf The following table shows the basic forms of the possessive adjectives
De str och ter varm korv. They stand eating hot dogs. or pronouns:
120 121
S yyEDIBH
MA Y I HA VE THE BI LL, PLESE?
min my, mine
l .ika.. . som, samma... som, inte s.. .
din your, yours singular
som, bttre... n
{
hans bi s
hennes her. hers non-reflexive forms
dess its
:If you want to compare two things, and they are of the same quality,
sin his, her, its reflexive form
* : yeu should use li ka . . . s om, If they are identical, you use
vr ouf, ours amma... som:
er your, yours plural
Omeletten r hka fin som
deras
The omelet is as nice as usual.
tneir, theirs non-reflexive form
SIn their, theirs reflexive form
vanligt.
Det r samma pris som frra It is the same price as last year.
*more about the reflexive forms in Unit 15.
ret.
The possessives ending in -s (hans, hennes, dess, deras) cannot,
if the compared things are not of the same quality, you use either
take any endings, but the others take endings similar to the adjective
j " inte s... som or bttre/smretvrre... n, for example:
endings in the indefinite form according to the table below: Han r inte s stor som He i sn' t as tall as bi s brother.
sin bror.
Singular Plural Hon r bttre iin sin bror. S he is better than her brother.
en- words ett - words both en- and ett- words
Han r vrre n sin syster. He i s morse than his sister,
min mitl mina Patienten r smre n igr. The pat ient is worse than
din ditt dins
yesterday.
sin sitt sina
vr vrt vra
er ert era
7 Samma, nsta, fljande, fregende
Note that the words samma, nsta, flj ande, fregende (the
5 Mi n lilla bil, hans dyra bil
same, next, the following, the previous) never change their form, and
As in English, nouns that are preceded by possessive adjectives must
the noun does not have an additional definite article, nor does the
be in the indefinite form, i.e, no endings are added to the nouns.
noun have any definite singular or definite plural endings. It can only
However, adjectives following a possessive word (nouns, adjectives or
take an indefinite plural ending:
pronouns) must take the definitive ending -a; for example: Hon hade samma hatt som igr. She wore the same hat as
min lilla bil my little car
yesterday.
ditt stora hus your large house
Oe hade samma bcker som vi They had the same books as
hade. we had.
hans unga fru his young wi fe
pojkens fattiga mor the boy's poor rnother
Nsta r Next year
vra fina blommor our fine flowers
Fljande morgon
The following morning
era billiga klockor your cheap tuatches
Fregende dag The previous day
deras nya vning their new flat
pojkarnas dyra cyklar the boys'expensive cycles
122 123
S VVEDI SH
IviA Y I HA VE THE BI LL, PLEASE P
min my, riin
g Lika. . . som, samma.. . som, inte s.. .
din your, yours singular
som, bttre. . n
hans his
hennes her, hers non-reflexive forms
lf you want to compare two things, and they are of the same quality,
dess its
sin his, her,its reflexive form'
y ou should use li ka . . . som. If they are identical, you use
vr our, ovIs
samma... som:
er your, yours plural
Omeletten r lika fin som The omelet is as nice as usual.
deras tneir, theirs non-reflexive form
sin their, theirs reflexive form
* vanligt.
Det r samma pris som frra It is the same price as last year.
ret.
"more about the reflexive forms in Unit 15,
The possessives ending in -s (hans, hennes, dess, deras) cannot
$f the compared things are not of the same quality, you use either
take any endings, but the others take endings similar to the adjective
inte s... som or bttrelsmrelvrre. . . n, for example:
endings in the indefinite form according to the table below: Han r inte s stor som He isn't as tall as his brother,
sin bror.
Singular Plural
Hon r bttre n sin bror, She is better than her brother
en- words et t - words both en- and ett- words Han r vrre n sin syster, He is morse than his sister.
min mitt mina Patienten r smre n igr, The patient is worse than
din ditt dina
yesterday.
sin sitt sina
vr vrt vra
er ert era
7 Samma, nsta, fljande, fregende
Note that the words samma, nsta, fljande, fregende (the
5 Mi n lilla bil, hans dyra bil
same, next, the following, the previous) never change their form, and
the noun does not have an additional definite article, nor does the
As in English, nouns that are preceded by possessive adjectives must
be in the indefinite form, i.e, no endings are added to the nouns.
noun have any definite singular or definite plural endings. It can only
take an indefinite plural ending:
However, adjectives following a possessive word (nouns, adjectives or
pronouns) must take the definitive ending -a; for example:
Hon hade sainma hatt som igr. She u ore the same hat as
min lilla bil rny little car
yesterday.
De hade samma bcker som vi They had the same books as
ditt stora hus your large house
hade. we had.
hans unga fru his young wi fe
Nsta r Next year
pojkens fattiga mor the boy's poor mother
vra fina blommor our fine fiowers
F/ande morgon The followi ng morning
era billiga klockor your cheap watches
Fregende dag The previ ous day
deras nya vning their new flat
pojkarnas dyra cyklar the boys'expensi ve cycles
122 123
S WEDISH MA Y I HA VE THE BILL, PLEASE?
vningar
You have ordered a Kundens speoialpizza (a pizza with cheese,
tomatoes and four other toppings of the customer's choice). You
get a pizza with clams and egg.
1 Complete the dialogue below using the menu on page 116.
Call the waitress and complain, Say you don't like clams or egg
Kyparen Goddag. Har ni bestllt bord?
you ordered ham, mushrooms, onions and peppers. Ask for a bottle
You (Say y ou haven't. Ask i f there is a free table.)
of apple juice at the same tirne. Be as polite as you can be under
Kyparen Jad. Vill ni sitta vid fnstret eller i hrnet?
the circumstances!
You (Say you prefer the corner table. Ask for the m enu.)
Kyparen Vad fr det lov att vara?
You (Or der l i ver pat with toast, minute steak with parstey 33. KUNDENS SPECIAL
butter, strawberry gateau and coffee.)
(skinka, champ, rkor, bacon, lk, salami, oliver,
Kyparen Vi l l ni ha ngot att dricka?
paprika, tonfisk, musslor, feferoni, kottfrsss,
ananas, banan, gg, bearnaisess) 40:- 5 0: - 95:
You (Say t hat you only want a glass of water.)
Tomat, ost och 4 valfria plggl
Kyparen r det bra s?
You (Say t hat you don't lvant fried potatoes. You want rice,)
You (Cal l t he wai ter and ask for the bilL) valfria plgg toppings of the customers choice
Kyparen Varsgod, hr r vxeln.
mussl/a (-an, wr) c/am
You (Tel l bi m to keep the change.)
paprik/a (-an, -or) (sweet) peppers
pplemust appie juice
2 Change the verbs from present tense to past tense.
(a) John talar svenska med de svenska flickorna. 5 Complete these sentences using the correct forms of the possessive
(b) Robert och Jane stannar bara en vecka i Sverige. adjectives and the missing nouns.
(c) Vinet smakar beskt.
(d) Anders diskuterar politik med sina partivnner.
(a) Jag tycker om (my daughter, my sons and my work)...
(e) ke spelar gitarr p tisdagarna.
(b) Han tycker ocks om (your car, your home and your
children).. .
(f) Ulla parkerar bilen p parkeringsplatsen,
(g) ke joggar tidigt p morgonen.
(c) Vad tycker ni om (his wife, his book and his boys)...?
(d) Du tycker vl om (her child, her husband and her clothes). ..?
(h) Det regnar hela ret i England.
(e) De tycker
mycket om (our tou n, our land and our houses)...?
3 Complete the following sentences with the correct Swedish word
(f) Vi tycker mest om (your food, your wine and your dinners)...?
for good and in the last sentence good, bet ter and best. (g) Hon tycker i nt e om (t heir dog, their house and t heir
(a) Svenskar tycker att hjortron smakar...,.. . .
pictures) ...
(b) Det r en.. . . . . . fl! m.
gs
Combine the two sentences to form one sentence.
(c) Maten r alltid. . . . . . . p englandsfrjorna, Example: Det r min dotter. Hon r st,
(d) Svensk TV har.. . . . . . barnprogram. Det r min sta dotter.
(e) Det r. . . . . . . vder fr segling.
(a) Det r din bok. Den r dyr,
(f) Mother Theresa r en... . . . . mnniska.
( g) .. . . , , vi brjar i morgon.
(b) De: r hans byxor. De r billiga.
( h) l r. . . . . . . , vi n r . . . . . . . , konjak r. . . . . . .
(c) Det r hennes klnning. Den r ny.
(d) Det r vrt hus. Det r litet.
124
125
SWEDISH M Y I HA VE THE BI LL, PLEASE?
(e) Det r era bcker, De r bra. - som, lika - som, mindre n, samma som, strre n, No
(f) Det r deras kk. Det r stort. jokes, please!
V This pyramid shows what the Swedish Public Health Authority (a) Flickor r. . . . . . . duktiga. . . , . . . pojkar.
recommends people to eat to be in good health. The top shows (b) Hanr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . si n fru.
what people are advised to eat least of, the middle shows what (c) Det r, , . . . . . resultat . . . . . . . i gr,
they ought to eat more of and the broad base shows what people (d) Den hr soppan r... . . , . god.. . . . . . vanligt.
should eat most of. (e) Amerika r, , , . . . . . . . . . . . Storbritannien,
g Here is a Swedish recipe. Unfortunately the instructions have got
mixed up. Arrange them in the correct order again!
Janssons frestelse (Jansson's Temptation)
Ingredienser
5-6 potatisar
2 gula lkar
10 ansjovisar
2-3 dl grdde
50 g smr
Tillagning
(a) Lgg p smret i klickar.
(b) Stt in i ugnen i 225' i 45 minuter.
(c) Smrj en eldfast form.
(d) Tillstt hlften av grdden.
(e) Tillstt resten av grdden och stt in i ugnen igen i
ungefr 10 minuter,
(f) Skala och skiva potatis och lk.
(g) Lgg i ett lager potatis, sedan lk och ansjovis, sedan
potatis igen.
(a) With the help of the words in the table of food above, tell us in
Swedish what people are recommended to eat least of.
gul yeiiow tillstt add
(b) What ought people to eat more of?
klick (mn, -ar) knob of butter
rest (en, er) rest
ugn (wn, -ar) oven
(c) What should people eat most of?
lager (lagret, lager) Iayer
eldfast form ovenproof dish
(d) Some things mentioned in the previous units are conspicuous
by their absence in the pyramid (for example most drinks),.
which means that they are not needed to maintain good
health. What missing things can you spot?
(e) Which things are most expensive the things at the bottom or
the things at the top?
8 I nsert the words which best fit the sentences, Choose from inte s
126 127
S WEDISH MA Y I HAVE THE BI LL, PLEASE?
Frstr du? vrdshus (wt, -0) country inn l synnerhet in particular
gstgivargrd (-en, -ar) ol d genuin genuine
Om du blir hungrig i Sverige finns det mnga restauranger att
coachi ng inn standard (wn) standard
vlja mellan, frn lyxrestauranger med motsvarande priser ti]l
de verkligt billiga, dr man fr st ute och ta. Det finns inga 'fish
and chips shops' i Sverige. Korvkioakerna r den nrmaste :- Rtt eller fel?
motsvarigheten. Dr kan man f kokt eller grillad korv med senap
och ketchup i brd eller med potatismos.
' (o) Man kan kpa 'fish and chips' i korvkioskerna.
Gatukken har mer att vga p, t,ex. grillspett, hamburgare,
'
.' ((I) Det finns inga etniska restauranger i Sverige.
lskedrycker och glass.
(c) Vrdshusen och gstgivargrdarna serverar svenska special
iteter.
Om du bara vill ha kaffe eller te r ett konditori det bsta stllet,
De har lckra kakor och trtor och oAast smrgsar ocks.
Andra billiga stllen r grillbarar och lunchreetaurangerna i en
del varuhus. Lt inte lura dig av ordet 'bar' dessa har inte vin
och spritrttigheter, s du kan bara f lttl och lskedrycker dr.
Ordet 'bar' str hr fr sjlvservering.
En kvarterakrog r en liten restaurang med bra mat till rimliga
priser, dr du kan f l och vin, men inte sprit.
Numera finns det ocks mnga etniska restauranger med t.ex. ital
iensk, kinesisk eller indisk mat. De har blivit mycket populra.
Men vrdshusen och gstgivargrdarna ute p landet, i synner
het i sdra Sverige, r de mest genuina svenska restaurangerna
med oftast mycket hg standard p maten.
vlla choose ottaet in most cases
lyxreataurang (wn, wr) Iuxury lur/a (-ar, -ade, -at) cheat
restaurant vtn- och apritr8ttlgheter fully
motsvarande corresponding licenced
verkligt really
sjlvservering se
lf service
korvkloak (mn, mr) hot-dog stand kvarterakrog (wn, wr) local
den nrmaste motsvarigheten the rastaurant
closest equivalent sprit (wn) spirits, alcohoi
senap (wn) mustard numera nowadays
potatismos (wt) mashed potatoes etnisk ethnic
gatukk (wt, A) 'street ki teban' italiensk Italien
grlllepeN (at, W) kebab kinesisk Chinese
lskedryck (an, mr) soft drink ln disk Indian
konditori (wt, mr) caf, patlsserie populr popu!ar
lcker (lckert, lckra) deiicious
128
129
HA VE YOU EVER DRI VEIIV ON THE RI GHT?
. John Det r jag tacksam fr.
ke Har du krkortet med dig? Det mste man alltid ha med sig
om man kr bil i Sverige.
:. John Ja, det hrde jag och jag lste ocks att man mste kra med
HAR DU KRT I
halvljus p hela tiden, till och med mitt p dagen.
: ke Ja, det har faktiskt minskat trafikolyckorna avsevrt.
HGERTRAFIK?
ju you know, of course vnla dig get used to
Have you ever driven on the rightF
bred (brett, breda) broad hur det knns rr hat it feels like
trafik (wn) tr affic tacksam grateful
har du krt i h gertrafik? have krkort (mt, -0) driving licence
you driven on the right? hrde heard
frut before lste read
vl Is uppose halvljus di pped headlights
besvrligt di fficult hela tiden al l the time
rondell (-en, wr) roundabout mitt p dagen in the middle of the
vgkorsning (wn, -ar) crossroads day
srskilt particularly faktiskt really, in fact
In this unit you wil] ]earn
farlig dangerous minskat decreased
utfart (-en, wr) exi t traffkolyckla (-an, -or) road traffic
det r bst att vl vre had better accident
how to ask for permission to do something
kr av vgen drive off the road avsevrt considerably
how to grant or refuse permission
how to encjuire about ability
how to offer advice Rett eller fel?
(a) John har aldrig krt i hgertrafik.
Samtal
(b) John har inte krkortet med sig.
(c) Man mste inte kra med halvljus p dagen.
R
ke and John have borrowed Ulla's car and have set out for
Dalecarlia, where they are joining Kerstin for the Midsummer cele Samtal
brations, The road is wide and straight, so John wants to have a go at
drivlllg,
After some time,
John V gen r ju bred och det r mycket lite trafik nu. Kan jag
inte f kra hr?
ke Du krde mycket bra. Du fr kra p m otorvgen nu.
ke H ar du krt i hgertrafik frut?
John Var r den? Vi skulle vl kra norrut, men jag tror vi
John Ne j , men det r vl inte s svrt?
krde t ster. Jag har inte tittat p kartan, s nu har vi
ke De t kan vara besvrligt vid en rondell eller nr man kommer
nog krt vilse, Det r vl bst att vi kr tillbaka samma
till en vgkorsning. Det r srskilt farligt vid utfarten frn
vg?
bensinstationer t.ex. Om du vill kra s r det nog bst att vi
ke Nej , s t anna s frgar vi mannen dr borta om vgen!
kr av motorvgen och in p en mindre vg, s du fr vnja John Ursk t a! Hur kommer man till motorvgen?
dig vid hur det knns att kra p hgra sidan av vgen. Mannen Fortstt genom byn till nsta vgskl och ta till vnster
130
131
SWEDISH HA VE YOU EVER DRI VEIV ON THE RI GHT?
dar, (c) Telefonnumret till polisen r 90 000.
John Tack f r upplysningen.
Vad ni behver veta
norrut northwards by (-n, wr) vi l lage
t ster to the east vgskl (wt, 4) cr ossroads (out of
vl har krt vilse we havs last our town)
way upplysning (mn, wr) information
lgar Unfortunately, car accidents
dr borta over there (any direction)
caused by elks are not as unusual
as you mi ght i magine, even
though they have decreased con
Rtt eller fel? siderably during the last few
years. This i s partl y due t o a
(a) De skulle kra sterut men de krde nog norrut. Djur, jg
decrease in the elk population
(b) John tror att de har krt vilse.
because of a virus, and also as a
(c) De mste ta till vnster vid nsta vgskl.
result of the erection of roadside
fences in areas where elks are
Samtal
common. It is estimated that 170
cars are wri tten o6' each year
because of collisions with el ks.
A short while later.
The warning si gns should be
John Vad r det som har hnt dr framme? t aken seriously, especially at
ke De t ser ut som om en bil har kolliderat med en lg. Det ser dawn and dusk when the elks are
illa ut, Vi mste hjlpa dem, Slpp av mig) Kan du kra fram on the move,
till nsta telefonautomat och ringa efter en ambulans och
Sevrdhet As you travel in the countryside
begra hjlp av polisen? Numret till jourtjnsten r 90 000.
you should look out for blue and
John Jag ska skynda mig.
white signa like the one shown
here. It tells you that you are near
dr framme over there (in front) ringa efter ri ng for
a sevrdhet (place of interest)
det eer ut eom om it looks asif amulana (wn, wr) ambulance
har kolliderat med has collided
such as a rock carving, a picture
begra request Sevrdhet
with polisen
the police
stone, a castle or a historical site.
det eer ta ut it looks bad jourtjnaten emergency services
Rastplats There are other blue and white
hjlpa help skynda elg huny
slpp av mig iet me out
signs which you may be unfarni
telefonautomat (an, wr) pay
phone
O>
iar with, for example rastplats, a
lay-by with t ables and seating
where you can have your picnic.
Rastptats Tne lett Badplate
Usually there is a toalett (toilet)
Rtt eller fel?
(a) En lg har kolliderat med en bil.
Q~
nearby. Other signa are: stugby
(log cabins for hire), vandrarhem
(b) ke och John kan inte hjlpa dem.
Stugby Vandrarhem Vandringsled
(youth hostel), badplats (bathing
facilities), vandringsled (walking
route).
132
133
S WEDISH HAVE YOV EVER DRIVEN ON THE RIGHT7
S hr sger man
gou have already had a number of second conjugation verbs, Here
foiiow their present and past tenses:
How to:
Infinitive Present tense Past tense
ask for permission
IIa stnga close stnger close/s stngde closed
stlla put stHer put/s stllde put
Kan jag/inte/f...? Can I/can't I.. . ?
svnga tum svnger t um/s svngde turned
Skulle jag kunna f...? Could I.. . ? ringa ri ng ringer ri ng/s ringde rang
gr ant permission
behva need behver need/s behvde needed
Du fr.. . You may ..
IIb kpa buy kper buy / s kpte bought
Dukan. . . You can ..
lsa read l ser read/ s lste read
ka go ker go/es kte uient
ref use permission
tycka think tycke r th i nh/ s tyckte thought
Du fr inte.. . You must not...
hjlpa help hjl per hel p/s hjl pt e hel ped
Du kan inte.. . You can't...
Please note that verbs whose stem enda in an -r have no added pre
enquire about ability sent tense ending the etern serves as the present tense and verbs
Kan du (kra bil)?
whose stem ends in -nd drop the 'd' before endings starting with 'd'
Can you (dri ve)?
or 't', A verb containing a double 'm' or 'n' drops one 'm' or 'n' before
Har du (krt i hgertrafik)? Hav e you (experi ence of driving
an ending starting with 'd' or "t';
on the right)?
Infinitive Present tense Past tense
of fer advice
kra dri ve kr dri ve/s krde drove
Det r bst att vi .. We had better ..
hra hear hr hear/s hrde heard
Du borde... You ought to...
lra Learn lr learn/s lrde learnt
Du skulle.. . You should...
vnda t um vnder tum/ s vnde turned
hnda happen hnder happen/s hnde happened
Grammatik
glmma forget glmmer forget/s glmde forgot
knna feel knner feel/s knde felt
1 Verbs: past tense of the second conj ugation
The present tense of second conjugation verbs ends in -er and the
2 The past tense of the third conjugation
past tense has either -de (if the stem ends in a voiced consonant) or
The past tense of the third conjugation verbs (those verbs where the
-te (if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (f, k, p, s, t) added to the
stem of the verb.
infinitive ends in a vowel other than -a, and the present tense ending
is only -r) ends in -dde, so you see that the past tense endings of the
The voiced consonants are those where the vocal cords play a part in regular verbs are very sim ilar. Here are the present and past tenses
the formation of the sound. Put your fingers on the front of the neck. of some common third conjugation verbs:
Pronounce 'd' (voiced) and 't' (voiceless), and feel the difference.
185
S VVEDISH HAVE YOU EVER DRIVEN ON THE RIGHT P
bo liue bor live/s bodde li ued Det vet du ju. You know that, of course.
tro believe tror believe/s trodde believed
kl dress klr dressles kldde dressed
Unstressed nog means probably, I expect, though the speaker is not
qulte sure:
Det blir nog regn i morgon. It iui l l probably rain tomorrow,
3 Mi st e (must)
Hon r nog hemma idag. S hei s probably at home today.
The Swedish verb mste and the English verb must correspond to When stressed nog means enough; det r nog (that i
s enough).
each other if there is no negation in the same clause, The English
must not is rendered fr inte in Swedish, and the Swedish mste
inte means need not, don't have to.
$ 0
The same difference exists of course in the past tense: fick inte 0- is a negation (corresponding to un-, in-, or dis-) when it is prefixed
means wasn't allowed to, whereas didn't need to should be translated to an adjective, an adverb or a verb, for example;
as mste inte, since the same form mste is used for present
vanlig usual ovanlig unus ual
tense (must), past tense (had to) and future tense (shall/will have to).
lycklig h appy olycklig u nha ppy
Jag mste g nu. I must leaue now. lydig obedient olydig disob edient
Man fr inte rka hr. One must not smoke here. knd well known, oknd unknown
Polisen sade, att han mste The pol ice said that he bad to giltig valid ogiltig inval i d
legitimera sig. show proof of identi ty. gift married ogift unmarried
Vi mste resa hem snart. We skal l have to go home soon. bekvmt comfortably obekvmt uncomfortably
Du mste inte vara dr frrn You don't have to be there until frivilligt vol unt ari ly ofrivilligt inuol untarily
klockan fem.
fiue o'clock gilla like ogilla d isli ke
However, the meaning changes altogether in certain words when o- is
4 Vl ju nog
prefixed to it:
lycka happi ness, luck accident
These are very common adverbs. Vl expresses what the speaker
olycka
thinks, guesses or hopes. lt is best translated by I suppose or a 'tag
grs grass weed ogrs
vder weather storm ovder
question', for example:
djur animal
monster odjur
Du r vl inte sjuk? You aren't ill, are you?
Han r vl duktig? I suppose he is elever?
8 Vderstrecken (points of the compass)
When stressed vl means u ell, e.g. vl betald (uell-paid). It can also
mean too much when stressed, e.g. det r vl dyrt (i t is rather Study the figure on the next page and note the words for the points of
expensi ve). the compass.
So-called 'tag questions' are also translated by eller hur:
Hon r gift, eller hur? Sheis married, isn't she?
Ju appeals to the listener, expecting him/her to agree with you, lt
means you knou, of course, to be sure:
136
137
S VVEISH HAVE YOU EVER RIVEN ON THE RIGHTP
N RR vstlig
western, western
NOROVST
ostlig or stlig east erl y, eastern
t4ORDOST
Renarna lever i de nordliga The re i ndeer live in the
delarna av Sverige, northern parts of Sweden,
VSTER STER
(e) You can use a prefix: nord-, syd-, st-, vst-:
.
Sydafrika Sout h Africa
SYDVST SYDOST, SYDST
steuropa Eas t ern Europe
SDER
There are various methods of indicating directions.
vningar
(a) You can use a noun:
inorr i n theno r t h
motltnorr tot h enorth
You have ieff, the motorway for a picnic, Afterwards you have diffi
i sder in th e south
motlt sder to t he south
culties finding your way back. You decide to ask a Swede for help.
i ster in the east mot/t ster to t he east You (Apol ogise and say you have lost your way. Ask if he
i vster in th e west
mot/t vster to t he west can help you.)
Solen gr upp i ster och The sun ri ses in the east and
The man Vart ska ni ka, norrut eller sderut?
ner i vster.
sets in the mest,
You (Say you are going to Stockholm, northwards.)
The man D r det bst att ni vnder och kr tillbaka. Nr ni
(6) You can make an adverb from the noun by adding the suffix -ut:
kommer ut ur skogen kommer ni till ett vgskl, Dr
norrut northuIards but norr om
north of
finns det skyltar, Ni ska svnga till hger dr.
sderut southr uards sder om sou t h of
You ( Ask if i t i s f ar.)
sterut east war ds
ster om east of
The man Nej d, det r bara ngon kilometer.
vsterut westwards
vster om west of
You (Ask i f t here is a petrol station nearby. Say you are
short of petrol.)
Kiruna ligger norrut, norr om
Kiruna lies northwards, north
The man Ja, i byn, men d fr ni kra rakt fram en halv kilome
polcirkeln.
of the Arctic circle.
ter. Det finns inga bensinstationer p motorvgen.
Notice that, with other adverbs indicating direction the suffix is -t: You (Say you had better go to the petrol station first, Thank
bakt backu ardls int inwardls
him for his ben,)
framt forwardls nert dou nwar dl s
The man Ingen orsak. Lycklig resal
utt outwardls uppt upward l s nearby I nrheten
to be short of petrol ha ont om banaln
(c) You can use an adjective; norra, sdra, stra, vstra, for
exam ple:
Skne ligger i sdra Sverige.
Skne lies in southern Siueden.
Fill in the missing verb forms. Use the verbs byta, glmma, hjl
pa, hnda, kpa, stnga, tycka, ka. All the verbs follow the
(d) You can use the suffix -lig:
patterns given in this unit. Use each verb only once.
nordlig
northerly, northern Den tredj e september 1967..., . . . s venskarna frn vnstertrafik
sydlig southerly, southern till hgertrafik. Man ordnade en folkomrstning d regeringen
139
S VVEDJS H HA VE YOU EVER DRI VEI V ON THE RI GHT?
frgade folket om de ville kra p hgra eller vnstra sidan av Compjete the dialogue below by i nserting viNju/nog i n t he
vgen. Folket sade att de ville fortstta att kra p vnstra sidan,
appropriate places.
men majoriteten fr vnstertrafik var inte s stor, D. . . .
. , .
John Det hnder ... . , , , i nte s ofta att bilar kolliderar med
regeringen att det var bst att g ver till hgertrafik s snart som
mjligt, fr ju lngre man vntade, desto dyrare skulle det bli. Fre -f.'
lgar?
omlggningen...,... det s mnga olyckor p vgarna nr sven
ke Jo, det gr det faktiskt. Det r.... . . . i nte mnga utlnnin
j
skar.. . . . . . utomlands och nr utlnningar kom till Sverige.
gar som vet hur ojta det hnder. gar r . . . . . . . mycket
stora djur, s det r allvarliga olyckor. Varje r r det
Folk,. . . . . . vi l ken sida de skulle kra p, och d rkade de ut fr
... , . . . ngra mnniskor som dr.
frontalkrockar. Men man,. . . , . . skolorna, fr skolbarnen..
. , . . . John Man kan. . . . . . . stta upp flera viltstngsel lngs vgar
till med att dirigera trafiken under de frsta dagarna och staten na?
.. . . . . . nya bussar med drren p hger sida. Tack vare skolbarnen
ke Det skul le .. . , . . . bl i mycket dyrt, fr stngslen mste
och den omsorgsfulla organisationen blev omlggningen en stor vara s hga. lgarna vandrar. . . . . . . ocks omkring, s
framgng, ven om elaka mnniskor sade att det inte gjort ngon
det r svrt att veta var man skulle stta upp stngslen.
skillnad svenskarna fortsatte att kra mitt p vgen, som de alltid
John Det r. . . . . . . bst att vi saktar farten nr vi ser varn
gjort!
ingsmrkena.
ke Abs ol ut.
ordn/a (-ar, -ade, -at) arrange stat (wn, ~r) st ate
folkomrstning (wn, -ar) dlriger/a (-ar, -ade, -at) di rect
referendum
vet know
drr (mn, -ar) door
vandr/a (-ar, -ade, -at) omkring
regering (wn, wr) government tack vare thanks to
allvarlig serious vrander around
majorltel (wn, wr) majority
dr di e
den omsorgsfulla organisationen
saktar farten s/oiv down
g ver till change (over) to the careful organisation
stta upp put up varningsrnirke (-t, -n) rvarning
s snart som mjllgt as soon as framgng (wn, -ar) success
vtitstingsel (-stngslet, -o) sign
poasible ven om evenif
game fences absolut definiteiy
ju... desto the. . . the elak malicious
omlggning (wn) change-over gjort ngon skillnad mede any
utomlands abroad difference 5 Answer the questions in Swedish, as prompted.
rka ul fr bei nvolvedin, rneet gjorl done
with
Example: r vargar vanliga i Sverige? Nej, de r ovanliga.
frontalkrock (mn, wr) head-on
(Are wolves common i n Sweden? No, they are
coilisi on unusual,)
(a) r han gift? Nej,.. .
3 Fi l l in the most appropriate word fr, fick, mste/inte in the
( b) Var Eva alltid lydig? Nej,. . .
sentences below.
(c) Gillade drottning Victoria Mrs Pankhurst? Nej,
( d) r de nya skorna bekvma? Nej, . . .
(a) Du (may).. . . . . . komma om du vill.
(e) r det vackert vder nr det stormar? Nej,...
(b) Jag (must)... . . . . ka hem i morgon.
( f) Var dinosaurierna trevliga @ur? Nej , . . .
(c) Hon (was allowed to)... . , , . brja skolan i r.
(d) Du (must not).... . . . dricka sprit nr du kr bil.
6 Fi l l in the missing words.
(e) John (had to).. . . . . . l ra sig svenska innan han (tuas allowed (a) The light comes from the east.
to).. . , . . . arbeta i Sverige. Ljuset kommer frn.. . . . . .
(f) Du (don't have to).... . . . kl om dig till middagen.
140
141
S WEDISH HA VE YOU EVER DRI VE/V ON THE RI GH T?
(b) The Arctic Circle cuts through northern Norrland. (a) Hur stor r ski l l naden (the di fference'} i temperatur mellan de
Polcirkeln gr genom....... Norrland. nordligaste och sydligaste delarna av Sverige mitt p dagen?
(c) The Nortuegian Amundsen reached the South Pole in 1911. (b) Hur stor r den maximala skillnaden i t
emperatur p k
vllen.
Norrmannen Amundsen ndde,... . . . r 1911.
(c) Vi l ken stad har mest solsken den hr januaridagen?
(d) Oslo is situated northwest of Stockholm. (d) Vad fr slags (What sort of} vder r det i Stockholm?
Oslo ligger... . . . . om Stockholm. (e) Beskriv vdret i Gteborg.
(e) Stockholm is situated southeast of Oslo.
(f} Var snar det p dagen?
Stockholm ligger... . . . . om Oslo.
(g) I vi l ken del av Sverige r det kallast p kvllen?
Columbus sailed westwards.
Columbus seglade.... . . ,
atternating omvxlande
(g) The wall between East and West Berlin was demolished in
1989.
Muren mellan.. . . . . . och. . . . . . . revs r 1989,
(h) There are more 1ndians in South America t han i n Nor t h
Frstr du?
America.
Det finns fler indianer i . . . . . . . n i . . . . . . . .
(i) The Sulede Nordenskild discouered the North East Passage
Frn midnattssol till midvintermrker
north, of Europe and Asia to the Paci fic.
Svensken Nordenskild upptckte,,..... -passagen .....
, .
Sverige ligger hgt uppe i norr. Sydspetsen ligger p samma bredd
om Europa och Asien till Stilla havet. grad som Al aska, Edinburgh och Moskva. Polcirkeln gr genom
(j) The southeasterly wi nds ouer southern Sweden came from East Lappland, det nordligaste landskapet. Norr om polcirkeln r solen
Europe. uppe hela dygnet under ngra veckor i juni och juli och det blir inte
De....... vindarna ver....... Sverige kom frn...... ,
riktigt mrkt p fiera mnader. Drfr kallas norra Sverige ofta fr
Midnattssolens land. Men under de mrkaste vintermnaderna
7 St udy t hese weather charts for earl y January and answer t he
visar solen sig inte alls ovanfr polcirkeln, ven om man har l i t e
questions according to the forecast.
ljus mitt p dagen ven dr.
I kvsll
Svenskarna klagar ofta p sitt kl i mat, men det r fakti skt frv
nansvrt bra. Tack vare Golfstrmmen r kl i matet mycket mildare
n p andra platser som ligger lika l ngt norrut, fast naturl i gtvi s
varierar klimatet mycket mellan de norra och de sdra delarna. P
sommaren r dagarna lnga med mycket solsken enligt statis
tiken har en av Sveriges regnigaste stder, Gteborg, en timme mer
solsken om ret n Paris! och det regnar mycket mindre n i
Storbritannien. Nederbrden i Stockholm i form av regn eller sn r
i medeltal 539 mm om ret, men bara 442 mm i Karesuando i norr.
Men vintern r kall mycket kall i norr och lng. Fast solen skin
er ofta p vintern ocks. Om man rr sig s mrker man inte kylan
utomhus s mycket. Och naturl i gtvi s har man centralvrme, s
inomhus behver man inte frysa.
142
143
S WEDISH
midnattssol (-en) Mi dnight sun
plats (-en, -er) pl ace
mldvlntermrker Mi dwinter lika Ingt as far
darkness naturligtvis of course, naturaliy
klimat (-et, -0) cl imate varierar varies
sydspetsen the southernmost del (~n, -ar) part
point enligt statistiken accordkng to the
MIDSO I
breddgrad (-en, -er) latitude statisti cs
Moskva Moscow regnig rainy
D NA
polcirkeln the Arctic circie om ret per year
landskap (-et, -0) provfnce Storbritannien Great Bri tain
dygn (-et, -0) the 24 hour day nederbrd (-en) precipitation,
Midsummer i n Dalecarlia
riktigt really, properly rainfail
mrk dark i form av fn the state of
visa sig appear i medeltal on average
inte alls not at all rr sig keeps moving
ovanfr above mrker notices
klagar p complain about kyla (-n) coi d
faktiskt actually utomhus outdoors
frvnansvrt surprisingly centralvrme (-n) central heatfng
Golfstrmmen the Gulf Stream frysa belfeel cold
mild mild inomhus indoors
In this unit you wi(l learn
how to say where youlothers come from and what languages you
Rtt elfer fel?
speak
how to express ability and inability
(a) Sdra Sverige ligger p samma breddgrad som Alaskas syds pets.
how to request others to do something and offer assistance
(b) Polcirkeln gr mitt igenom centrala Sverige.
how to tell others not to do something
(c) Det r ofta solsken p vintern i Sverige.
(d) Kl i matet varierar mycket mellan de sdra och norra delarna av
Sverige.
Samtal
ke and John discuss where to stay the night.
ke Det var tur att vi tog med oss tltet och sovsckarna. Kerstin
har ringt runt och det Rnns inte ett enda rum att hyra
ngonstans. Alla hotell och stugbyar r fulla ver midsom
mar och vandrarhemmet och campingplatsen r ocks fulla,
John Om campingplatsen r full kan vi vl inte tlta?
%e Jod. I Sverige fr man lov att sl upp ett tlt en natt var
som helst utom nra ngon annans hus. Men Kerstins frld
rar har sagt att vi grna fr tlta p deras tomt.
John Det var bra.
145
S WEDI S R M/DSUM/V/ER IN DA LEDA RLIA
det var tur it was lucky
slktingar och d frlskade pappa sig i henne. De
man fr lov att one is allowed to
tog med oss brought
sl upp etl tlt pi tch a tent
frlovade sig samma r och nsta r gifte de sig. Jag
tlt (W, A) tent var som halat anywhere har varit i Sverige flera gnger, men det hr r frs
sovsaok (wn, wr) sl eeping bag
natt (wn, ntter) ni ght ta gngen jag firar midsommar i Sverige.
ring/a (~r, 4e, -t) ri ng utom except
Kerstin Var snll och hjlp oss att kl majstngen! Karin,
enda si ngle ngon annans somebody e/se's
rum (-met, -0) room
har sagt have said
vill du vara snll och plocka blommor p ngen! Ni
hyr/a (hyr 4e, -t) rent tlt/a (-ar, -ade, -at) camp pojkar fr hmta bjrkkvistar, men ni fr inte bryta
ngonstans anywhere,
tomt (wn, wr) pr i vate plot kvistar frn l evande trd ut anfr var t omt , Kr an
somewhere det var bra that's nice
sarna har vi redan bundit, men alla mste hjlpa till
full ful l
att resa majstngen. Det har kommit mycket folk
frn mnga lnder som vill vara med och dansa
kring majstngen i kvlj.
Rtt eller fel?
(a) ke och John har inte tagit med sig ngot tlt. hlsa p greet, say 'how do frlova sig get engaged
(b) Det finns inte ett enda rum att hyra ver midsommar.
you do' to gifts sig get married
slkting (-en, -ar) relati ve
(c) Alla fr tlta en natt var som helst i Sverige utom nra ngon
flera gnger several times
faster (-n, fastrar) (lit. fars syster) frsta gngen the lirst time
annans hus.
aunt (father's sister) fir/a (-ar, -ade, -at) ce/ebrate
(d) ke och John fr tlta p Kerstins frldrars tomt. farbror (-n, farbrder) (lit. fars bror) kl majstngen decorate the
uncle (father's brother) maypo/e
kusin (-en, -er) cousin ng (-en, -ar) meadow
Samtal
lr/a (lr, -de, -t) sig learn hmt/a (-ar, -ade, -at) ietch
kurs (-en, -er) course, c/ass bjrkkvist (-en, -ar) bi rch branch
hemma at home bryt/a (-er, brt, brutit) br eak oii
Kerstin introduces ke and John to her relatives.
farfarsfar gr eat-grandfather levande ii ving, growing
i slutet p at the end oi krans (-en, -ar) wreath
Kerstin ke och John, kom och hlsa p vra slktingar frn
fortfarande st ill har bundit have made
ls/a (-er, -te, -t) read hjlpa till hel p with
Amerika, faster Lisa och farbror Sam. Och det hr
tidning (-en, -ar) newspaper res/a (-er, -te, -t) erect
r mina kusiner, Karin och Martin. De talar ocks
r fdd was bom folk (-et, -0) peop/e
svenska. hlsa p vi sit vara med take part
ke Goddag.
frlska sig i fal l in love with kring ar ound
Farbror Sam Goddag, goddag.
Faster Lisa Rol i gt att trffas.
Kusinerna Hej , hej.
Rtt eller fel?
They shake hands.
(a) Kerstin ber ke och John att hlsa p faster Lisa och farbror Sam.
John Hur har ni lrt er svenska?
(b) Faster Lisa r fdd i Minnesota.
Karin Vi har alltid talat svenska hemma. Vr farfarsfar
(c) ke och John fr bryta kvistar till majstngen var som helst.
kom till Minnesota i slutet p 1800-talet. Dr f
inns
(d) Bde svenskar och utlnningar ker till Dalarna fr att fi ra
det mnga svenskamerikaner som fortfarande talar
midsommar dr.
svenska och lser svenska tidningar. Mamma r
fdd i Sverige. Hon kom till USA fr att hlsa p
146 147
SIIVEDISH AIIDSUMMER IN DALECARLIA
Vad ni behver veta Grammatik
Midsommar The Midsummer celebrations are about the return of
summer. At this time it is only dark for a few hours in the south of
Verbs: present perfect and pluperfect tense
Sweden, and above the Arctic circle the sun doesn't set at all the
Midnight sun shines both day and night. Most people try to leave the
In English the past participle has three functions:
city and go out into the countryside, where they dance around a may
to form the present perfect aud the pluperfect tense
pole, an old fertility symbol. to form the passive voice
Midsummer Eve used to be celebrated on the 23rd of June, but it was
it can also be used as an adjective,
decided that it should be celebrated on the Friday that comes nearest Swedish uses a special verb form, the supine, where English uses the
to June 24th in order to give people a long weekend.
past participle, after har to form the present perfect and after hade
to form the pluperfect tense. The supine always enda in .t and it
never changes. It is only used in this position.
The supine is formed by adding -at to the stem of first conjugation
S hr sger man verbs, but only .t is added to the stem of both groups of second corIju
gation verbs. In the third conjugation -tt is added, and the strong
How to:
verbs normally form supine by adding -it to the stem (with vowel
change, if applicable). The strong verbs are dealt with in more detail
gi ve factual information
in Unit 11.
Farbror Sam kommer frn Uncle Sam comes from
Present perfect tense Pluperfect tense
Amerika. America.
Mamma r fdd i Sverige, Mum was horn in Sweden,
Conj, I h a r t alat hav e spoken hade talat bad s poken
express ability and inability
Conj, IIa har ringt has rung hade ringt bad r ung
har glmt has f orgotten hade glmt bad f orgotten
De talar svenska. They speak Swedish. har knt has known hade knt bad k nown
Hon kan spanska ocks. Ske knows Spanish, too.
ke kan spela gitarr. ke can piay the gui tar.
Conj. IIb har rest has trauelled hade rest bad travelled
Han kan inte spela fotboll. He cannot play football. Conj. III har bott has li ved hade bott bad liIIed
offer assis tance Conj. IV har varit has been hade varit bad been
Vi vill grna hjlpa er, We'li be glad to heip you.
har tagit has taken hade tagit bad taken
har kommit has come hade kommit bad come
tel l others not to do something
har bundit has bound hade bundit Aad bound
Du fr inte tlta nra ngons You mustn't camp close to
Note that the clauses in a sentence should have the same time, either
hus. someone's house,
present or past time, If two things happen simultaneously or directly
Ni fr inte bryta kvistar frn You mustn't break off branches
after each other, you should use the same tense in both clauses.
levande trd.
from growing trees.
149
S WEDISH MIDSUMAIIER IN DALECARLI A
JalroO Annlka
2 Man, en, ens
Man is a very common pronoun in Swedish. It can be used to mean
one, you, they, people or we, It is used when you are not thinking of
Hakan ~" ~ Ann e
any particular person or when you are talking about something that
concerns everybody, for example:
Man fr lov att plocka br var On ei s allowed to pick berries
<ari
Anna
som helst i Sverige. anywhere in Sweden. nders
U
The object form is en (see grammar point 9 in this unit for the reflex
/
Lovisa
ive form), and the possessive form is ens:
Oscar
Man vet inte alltid vad ens You don' t always know what
vnner tycker om en. your friends think of you.
3 Full, fullt, fulla
Maria Nils
The tree is drawn from the perspective of ke, his brother Lasse and
Be careful when using the adjective full. Normally it means full, as in
his married sister Anna.
hotellet var fullt (the hotel was fully booked) or det var fullt med
folk i rummet (the room was full of people), but if used about people
Blood relations are given in bold in the table, The tree is drawn from
it means drunk:
the perspective of ke, his brother Lasse and his married sister Anne.
Han var full igr. He was drunk yesterday.
Additionai vocabuiary for relations
4 Var som helst
far morsmor great-grandmother on father's side
moster (lit. mors syster) aunt (mother's sister)
Note the common expressions: morbror (lit. mors bror) uncle (mother's brother)
sonson grandson (son's son)
var som helst anywhere, wherever
dotterdotter granddaughter (daughter's daughter)
vem som helst anybody, whoever
barnbarn grandchild
nr som helst at any time, whenever
systerson nephew (sister's son)
vad som helst anythi ng, whatever
brorson nepheu (brother's son)
hur som helst in any way,just anyhow
systerdotter niece (sister's daughter)
ngon som helst anybody, any whatsoeuer
brorsdotter niece (brother's daughter)
ingen som helst none whatsoever
svrmor mother-in-law
vilken som helst whichever, whoeuer, anyone
svrfar father-i n-law
svrdotter daughter-in-law
5 Slkt, slkting
svrs on son-i n-law
svgerska sister-in-law
Slkt means extended family and slkting/ar means relative/s. From svger brother-i n-law
Swedish words for relatives you can tell precisely how people are syssling/nstkusin second cousi n
related, as is obvious from the family tree on the next page. sambo live-i n partner
150
151
SWEDISII MIDSUMMER IN DALECARLI A
6 Hlsa p
Hon lr sig svenska. ' She is teaching herself Swedish.
Pay special attention to which word is stressed in the expression
The reflexive pronouns are identical with the object forms of the per
hlsa p. If you stress hlsa the phrase means to greet or to say how
sonal pronouns, except for the third person which has a special form
do you do, but it means to visit if the preposition p is stressed,
sig, which is used both in the singular and in the plural:
mig myself
7 Di fferences in the use of tenses dig yourself
ely bimself/herselflitself!oneeeif
Unlike English, Swedish uses the present tense in the phrase oss ourselves
jag/han/hon/r fdd about people who are still alive. When talking
er yourseives
about people who are no longer alive, past tense is used:
alg themselves
Jag r fdd i Sverige. I was horn in Sweden.
Strindberg fddes r 1849. Strindberg was horn in 1849.
Sig also corresponds to him, her, it, them when these words refer
On the other hand Swedish often uses past tense in some common
back to the subject without the verb being reflexive, e.g. when they
phrases where English has present tense:
are preceded by a preposition.
Det var bra. That's nice.
Han sg en bil bakom sig. He saw a car behind bim.
Det var roligt att hra. I'm glad to hear it.
There are a number of verbs which are reflexive in Swedish but not in
Det var trkigt att hra. I'm eorry to hear it,
English. The most common of these are those to do with personal
Det var synd, It's a pity,
hygiene, e.g. tvtta sig (wash), kamma sig (comb), raka sig (shave),
Det var snllt av dig. It's kind of you.
kl sig (dress), kl av sig (undress). Others are: knna sig (feel),
Det var dyrt. That's expensi ve.
stta sig (sit down), bestmma sig (make up one's mind), skynda
Hur var namnet? What's your name, please?
sig (hurry), ta med sig (bring), bry sig om (care about), lra sig
(learn/teach yourseif).
8 Fol k (peop]eipersons peoples) Note also the verbs frlska sig (fall in l ove), frlova sig (get
engaged), gifta sig (marry), skilja sig (di vorce).
The word folk presents special difficulties. When used in the singular
it means people/persons, but in the plural it means peoples. Since it
has the same form in the singular and in the plural in Swedish you
vningar
should look at the accompanying words to find out what it means in a
particular sentence, for example:
1 Link the correct responses to the questions below,
Det kom mycket lite folk till Very f ew people came to the
konserten, concert,
(a) John, har du rest till Sverige ensam?
Drottning Victoria regerade Queen Victoria ruled over many
(b) ke, har du ringt hem?
ver mnga folk. peoples,
(c) Hade du lrt dig svenska innan du trffade ke, John?
(d) Har du krt hela vgen till Dalarna sjlv, ke?
(e) Har ni trffat mnga ungdomar i kvll?
9 Reflexive verbs and pronouns Har ni hjlpt Kerstin att binda kransarna?
(g) Karin, har du hittat ngra blommor p ngen?
Reflexive verbs consist of a verb and a reflexive pronoun. The reflex
(h) Hade du firat midsommar Srut, John?
ive pronoun denotes the same person as the subject:
152
153
S WEDISH IIII I D S LIIH M E R I IV D A L E C A R L I A
(i) Ja, jag har talat om att vi har kommit hit. (i) Karl r slkt med Ulla, Karl r Ullas.. .
(ii) Ja, jag har hittat en massa blommor,
(j) Ulla r slkt med Hkan. Ulla r Hkans...
(iii) Ja, vi har dansat med bde svenskar och utlnningar,
Select the most suitable word from the following list to complete
(iv) Nej, mina frldrar har ocks kommit till Sverige.
(v) Ja, men sedan har ke pratat svenska med mig hela tiden,
the sentences below: alla/allt/hela/mycket/mnga.
(vi) Nej, Kerstin hade redan bundit kransarna nr vi kom. (a) I Afrika bor det.. . . . , . olika folk.
(vii) Nej, jag har inte hrt att man firar midsommar i England (b) .. . . . , . folk gr p fotbollsmatcher i Sverige.
nufrtiden, (c) .. . . . . . folket hurrade (cheered) nr Sverige vann.
(viii) Nej, John och jag har turats om (taken tums) att kra. (d) .. . . . . . folk talar engelska som frsta sprk.
(e) .. . . . . . folket gick hem.
2 Fi l l in the correct form of the word full in the following sentences,
(f) Det var inte... . . . . folk i kyrkan.
(a) Flaskan var.. . . , ., i morse. (g) .. . , . . . folk vill ha fred (peace),
(b) Alla afFrerna r... . , , . med folk.
6 Insert an appropriate reflexive verb in the following sentences.
( c) Glaset r.. . . . . . .
Make sure that they are in the correct tense,
(d) .. . . . . . mnniskor r trkiga.
(e) Det r.. . . . . . -mne i kvll. (a) Lennart har.. . , . . . i Eva, (fall in love)
(f) Det var. . . . . . , hus p teatern. (b) Eva och Lennart.. . . . . . p midsommarafton. (got engaged)
(g) P midsommarafton r det tyvrr mnga som dricker sig (c) De ska.. . . . . . nsta sommar. (get rnarried)
(d) Hur. . . . . . . du. . . . . . . i dag, bttre eller smre? (feel)
(e) Du mste.... , .. fr tget gr snart. (hurry)
3 Fi l l i n t he missing words nar som helst, vad som helst, var
(f) Det r bara mn som behver... . . . . . (shave)
som helst, vem som helst.
Man fr inte dricka sprit (bard l iquor).. . . . . . i Sverige. Det r g
7 Somebody would like to dance with you. Complete the following
dialogue,
t.ex. inte tilltet (permitted) att dricka starksprit p allmnna
platser (public places). ... . . . .kan inte heller kpa sprit p sys X Hej ! Vi l l du dansa?
temet. Bara nr man r 20 r kan man kpa,.. . , , . dr, men inte You (Say that you would be pleased to.)
Systemet r alltid stngt p lrdagar, sndagar och
X Var k ommer du ifrn?
allmnna helgdagar (public holidays). You (Tell himlher where you come from.)
X Har du alltid bott dr?
4 With the help of the table and the vocabulary of relations above,
You (Tell himlher whether you have or haven't.)
work out how the various people are related.
X Vad gr du hr?
Example: Nils r slkt med Ulla. Nils r Ullas morfar.
You (Say that you are a tourist,)
(a) Ulla r slkt med Annika, Ulla r Annikas.. . X r du trstig? Ska vi g till restaurangen och f ngot att
(b) Annika r slkt med Ulla, Annika r Ullas.. . dricka?
(c) Anna r slkt med Lasse. Anna r Lasses... You (Say that you would love a cold beer.)
(d) Hkan r slkt med Anders. Hkan r Anders... X Nu spel ar de en vals, Ska vi dansa igen?
(e) Jakob r slkt med Anders. Jakob r Anders... You (Say Yes, please, I would love to.)
(f) Signe r slkt med Ulla. Signe r Ullas.. . X Tack f r dansen.
(g) Annika r slkt med Maria. Annika r Marias.. . You (Say Thank you, i t was very nice.)
(h) Lasse r slkt med Annika. Lasse r Annikas...
154
SWED(SH
MIDSVMIHER I N DALECARLI A
Frstr du? Rtt eller fel?
(a) Man fr aldrig g ver ngon annans mark.
Allemansrtten
(b) Man fr bara plocka fridlysta blommor.
(c) Man fr alltid gra upp eld.
Enligt allemansrtten r naturen tillgnglig fr alla i Sverige. Det (d) Al l a mste stda efter sig.
betyder att vem som helst fr g, cykla, jogga eller ka skidor i skog
och ver flt och ngar, t.o.m. p annans mark, men naturligtvis
inte vid ngons privata hus. Dr har de som bor dr rtt att f
vara i fred. Man fr plocka vilda br (t.ex. haHon, bjrnbr, lingon,
blbr, hjortron) och svamp fr eget bruk, och blommor ocks, men
naturligtvis inte fridlysta blommor. Man fr inte heller bryta kvis
tar frn levande trd.
Man fr inte jaga eller stra de vilda djuren, och det r absolut
frbjudet att ta fgelgg.
M an fr bara gra upp eld om det inte r minsta risk fr att elden
ska sprida sig, och man fr aldrig elda p khpphllar eftersom de
kan spricka.
Man mste stda efter sig och ta med sig skrpet hem om sop
sckarna r fulla.
Huvudregeln r: Inte stra och inte frstral
allemansrtten the right o/ pubiic gra upp eld li ght a carnp //re
access minsta sl i ghtest
enligt according to far/a (-an, -or) danger
natur (en, ar) nat ure sprida sig spread
tillgnglig accessibie, available klipphll (wn, -ar) bars rock
flt (wt, -0) ti eld spricka cr ack and spli t
naturligtvis o/ course sked/a (~n, wr) darnage
ritt (mn, wr) right skrmm/a (er, -de, -t) frighten
i fred in peace std/a (-ar, -ade, -at) ti dy vp
fr eget bruk /or yovr orm skrp (-et) rubbish
consvmption sopsck (wn) dustbin
fridtyst specially protected huvudregel (-n, -regler) the main
lagla (wr, wde, -at) hvnt rule
str/a (str, -de, -t) di sturb frstr/a (frstr, Me, -t) destroy
156
157
WHERE ARE Yot / GOI I VG?
John
Vad ska ni gra i Skne?
Sirkka Vi ska mla p sterlen, Vi knner ngra konstnrer dr
och landskapet r s annorlunda i Skne,
John Var kommer du ifrn, Ilona?
VART R NI P VG?
Hona Jag frstr inte. Var snll och tala lngsamt, fr jag kan
bara lite svenska.
Where are you goingP
John Var i f r n. . . r . . . du?
Hona Jag kommer frn Ungern. Jag har bara varit hr en
mnad,
Du talar fl ytande svenska, Sirkka, men du r finska. Hur
har du lrt dig svenska?
Sirkka Jag kommer frn sdra Finland. Dr talar vi bde finska
och svenska.
John Talar du ungerska ocks, Sirkka?
Sirkka Nej, men jag frstr en del ord, fr finska och ungerska r
beslktade.
Johxt Ni kan alla flera sprk. Vilka sprk lr ni er i skolan hr i
In this unit you will learn Sverige?
Engelska, forsts, men mnga vljer att lsa ett sprk till.
how to make suggestions
Franska och tyska r vanligast, men man kan ocks lsa
how to accept an offer
t.ex. spanska, italienska eller ryska, Barn till invandrare
how to ask if someone speaks a language
fr ocks undervisning i sitt hemsprk,
how to ask somebody to speak slowly
how to deal with car breakdowns
how to express displeasure
vart r ni p vg? where are you bde... och both ... and
go/ng? ungerska (-n) Hungarian language
vi ska till we are going to en del some
tnk/a (er, -te, -t) think, plan to beslktade related
lttesnllt very kind sprk (wt, 4) language
Samtal
mlla (-ar, -ade, wt) paint frsts oi course
kann/a (wr, knde, knt) know vl)/a (wr, valde, valt) choose
konstnr (wn wr) artist ls/a (wr, -te, -t) read, study
When ke and John set off in their car to go home, they see Sirkka
landskap (wt, 4) scenery franska (-n) French /anguage
annorlunda different tyska (-n) German language
and Ilona waiting at the bus stop. They haven't seen them since the frst (-r, frstod, frsttt) vanligast most common
Midsummer Eve dance, They decide to offer them a lift. understand spanska (-n) Spanish language
ke Hej i gen, Sirkka! Vart r ni p vg?
lngsamt slowly Italienska (-n) lt alian /anguage
kunna (kan, kunde, kunnat) know ryska (-n) Russian language
Sirkka Vi ska till Skne. Vi tnkte ta bussen till Falun och sedan flytande il uent undervisning (wn) tuition
tget.
finska (-n, wr) Fi nnish woman
barnsprk (mt, A) mother tongue
ke Vi ll ni f l ja med till Gteborg? Det r mer n halvvgs och
finska (-n) Finnish ianguage
drifrn gr det mnga tg till Skne.
Sirkka Ja, tack, mycket grna! Det r jttesnllt av er.
158
159
s rtrED/SH WHERE ARE YOU GOI I / G?
Rtt eller fel?
dst var vldigt vad det skramlar
fyll/a (-er, -de, -t) p fi l/ up with
thareis a tremendous ratt/e kylar/e (-en, -0) radiator
(a) Sirkka kommer frn Skne,
det r ngot fel somethingis motor (-n, motorer> motor
(b) I sdra Finland talar mnga bde finska och svenska,
rrrong motorn har gtt varm the engine
(c) Ungerska och finska r beslktade. punktering (wn, -ar) puncture is overheating
(d) Al l a svenska barn lr sig franska i skolan.
tapp/a (-ar, -ade, -at) /ose
mekaniker (-n, -0) mechan/c
avgasrr (-et, -0) exhaust pipa fbt/a (-ar, -ade, -at) / i x
nrmaste verkstad
nearest garage
Samtal
After another stop they return but cannot find the car.
After a few hours driving, ke feels hungry.
sjirjska Var r bilen?
ke r ni i nt e hungriga? Jag tycker det r dags att fika. John Den ar forsvunnen.
Sirkka Kan vi inte stanna vid ngot snabbkp och kpa nybakade jre Ngo n har l nat den. Biltjuvar r det vrsta jag vet! Vi
bullar och plgg och ta i det grna? Det r en sdan vack mste genast anmla stlden fr polisen. Det ser ut som om
er dag. vi mste ta tget allesamman. Vad ska mamma sga om vi
John De t var en bra id. Vi har kaffe p term osen, men vi kan kommer hem utan hennes bil...
vl kpa lite lsk ocks fr det r s varmt. Vi kr av vgen
s kan vi njuta av utsikten dr uppe.
frsv/nn/a (-er, frsvann, frsvun genast at once
nit) di sa ppear anml/a (-er, -de, -t) report
det r dags it i s tima I det grna in the open air
ln/a (wr, -ade, -at) (borrow; stld (-en, -er) the/t
snabbkp (wt, -0) se/f-service termos (wn, -ar) thermos
euphemisrn for) steal det ser ut som om it looks like
shop, supermarket lsk(edrycker) soft drinks
biltjuv (wn, -ar) car thief allesamman al l of us
nybakade lreshly bakad
njut/a (-er, njt, njutit) enj oy
det vrsta jag vet l can't standit
bull/e (wn, -ar) rol l
plgg (wt, -0) things to put on the
rolls
Rtt eller fel?
(a) At t dricka kaffe kallas att 'fika'.
Samtal
(b) Pojkarna kan sjlva fixa avgasrret.
(c) Bi l l nare r inga tjuvar.
After the picnic they continue their journey.
John Det var vldigt vad det skramlar! Vad ni behver veta
ke Det r ngot fel... kanske punktering. Det r bst vi stan
nar och ser efter vad som har hnt,
Bilverkstad A garage where repairs and services are carried out is
ke Vi h ar t appat avgasrret. Vi mste kra till nrmaste verk
called en bilverkstad, The word garage (pronounced garash) is
stad. Och vi mste fylla p vatten i kylaren fr motorn har
only used to refer to the garage where you keep a car. Bilverkstder
gtt varm. Det var tur att det inte var ngot vn e. En
are found in all towns and large villages,
mekaniker kan fixa ett nytt avgasrr medan vi ter middag.
Vgar It has been said that happiness is driving on a Swedish road.
160 161
S W'ED I SH w'HERE ARE YOU GOlrvGT
There are more than 700 miles of toll-free motorways and around
Grammatik
50 000 miles of trunk roads. All main roads are very good with little
traffic in comparison with other countries,
S hr sger man
Verbs: the fourth conjugation
~ mentioned before, the main characteristic of the fourth conjuga
How to:
tion (the irregular or strong verbs, as they are also called) is that they
fortn the past tense by a change of stem vowel instead of by endings.
make suggestions
Qften the stem vowel is changed in the supine as well. The present
Jag tycker det r dags att,, I thinkit's time to...
tense enda in -er just like the second conjugation.
Vi kan vl.. . ? We can..., can't we? You have already met a large number of irregular verbs. There are
Kan vi inte.. . ? Can't we. ..? not as many irregular verbs in Swedish as in English, and most of
Har ni lust att. . . ? Do you feel like...? them conform to one of the patterns below.
accept an offer Here are the main patterns. Notice that the present and the impera
Ja, tack, grna.
tive tenses are formed from the infinitive, so the fira vowel in the
Yes please, I would love it,
Det var en bra id! That was a good i dea!
vowel change pattern is the stem vowel of the infinitive, present and
Ja, det gr vi. Yes, we'll do that.
imperative forms. The second vowel refers exclusively to the past
tense. The third vowel is the stem vowel of both the supine and the
overcome language problems
past participle, as the only di6erence between them is that the nor
Talar du engelska? Do you speak English?
mal supine ending is -it and the past participle ending is -en in the
Var snll och tala lngsamt. Please speak slowly.
fourth conjugation.
Jag frstr inte. I don't understand,
Kan du sga det en gng till. Please say it again,
fourth conjugation verbs with a short I as stem vowel (the i is fol
lowed by two consonants) foliow this pattern :
Tala inte s fort! Don't speak so fast!
Infinitive Pre sent Past Supine Pas t Part.
deal with car emergencies
find finna finner fann f unni t funn en
Det r ngot fel p bilen. There's something wrong with
sit sitta sitter satt suttit sutten
dnnk dricka dric ker drack druck i t druc ken
the car.
win vinna vinner vann vunni t vunn en
Vi mste kra till nrmaste We must drive to the nearest
fourth conjugation verbs with a long i as stem vowel (the i is followed
verkstad.
garage.
by only one consonant) follow this pattern:
Vi mste anmla det fr polisen. We must report i t to the police.
wnte skriva skriver skrev skrivi t skri v en
express displeasure
shine skina skiner sken skinit
Ifse stiga stiger steg stigit stigen
Jag tycker inte om... I don't like.. .
u/y
r
Jag hatar.. . I hate... invite bjuda bjuder bjd bjudit bjuden
Det vrsta jag vet r... I can't stand. ..!
enjoy njuta njuter njt njutit njuten
fly flyga flyger flg flugit flugen
162
163
S VVEDISH VVHERE ARE YOU GOIIVG?
H)-a
Country lutan Woman Language
travei fara far for farit faren
Itme risa
Amerika amerikan amerikanska engelska
taka ta(ga) tar tog
tagit
tagen
/tustralia Australien australier australiska engelska
-a-u
genmark Danmark dansk danska danska
oarry bra br bar burit buren
England England engelsman engelska engelska
starve svlta svlter s val t svul t i t svult en pence
Frankrike fransman fransyska franska
ireland Irland irlndare irlndska engelska/iriska
Ioeland Island islnning islndska islndska
itsly italien italienare italienska italienska
Unfortunately some of the irregular verbs are doubly irregular some Nonvay Norge norrman norska norska
of their forms may be 'strong' but other forms comply with the regular
portugal Portugal porlug le portug/siska portugiska
verbs.
Russia Ryssiand ryss ryska ryska
Sootiand Sko Nfand skatte skotska engelska
Examples of common verbs which are doubly irregular are:
Spe/n Spanien spanjor spanjorska spanska
germany Tyskland tysk tyska tyska
Ch/na Kina kines kinesisks kinesiska
do, make gra gr gjorde gjort gjord
go g gr gfck gtt gngen
see se ser sg sett sedd The respective adjectives are: amerikansk, australisk, dansk,
e vara r var varit engelsk, fransk, irlndsk, islndsk, italiensk, norsk, portugi
have ha har hade haft -havd
sisk, rysk, skotsk, spansk, tysk, kinesisk.
say sga sger sa/de sagt sagd
know v eta vet visste vetat Note that only the name of the country is written with a capital.
get f fr fick ftt
Nationality adjectives as well as the words for the people and the lan
give ge
ger gav geN glven
see se ser sg seN sedd
guages epoken in the respective countries are spelt with small letters.
stand st str stod sttt -stdd
Usually the word for a woman is identical with the word for the lan
guage epoken in her country. Also remember that there is no separate
From now on only the infinitive, present, past and supine forms of the
g- sound, just a single ng- sound, in England, engelsman, engels
irregular verbs will be given in the vocabularies (unless the verb is
kts and engelsk,
doubly irregular, in which esse all the forms will be given), as the
remaining forms can easily be constructed if you follow the rules
3 Di f fi cult pronunciation of loan-words
given above.
You will find a list of all the important irregular verbs and the auxil
A number of (usually French) loan-words do not follow Swedish pro
iary verbs on page 283.
nunciation rules, as they in part have kept their original pronuncia
tion. Thus the stress is normally on the last syllable, and the -e is not
pronounced alster the g, so the -ge is pronounced like English voice
2 Nationality nouns and adjectives less sh, Examples of such words are: garage, bagage (luggage), mas
sage, sergeant.
Here are four lists of countries, men, women and languages spoken in
the respective countries.
In the following words the g is again pronounced like an English sh
but the following e or i is pronounced: geni (genius), regi (film or
theatre direction), energi (energy), regissr (film director), geners
(generous), generad (embarrassed), ingenjr, passgerare (passen
ger), tragedi (tragedy).
165
S WEDISH
IIIIHERE ARE VOU GOI NG?
Likewise, the j is Pronounced in the same way as English sh in the
Vi lste ryska i skolan, We studied Russian at school,
words journalist and justera (adj ust), and so is sk in the very com.
Alla pluggade p en exainen. Al l were swotting for an
mon word mnniska.
examination,
4 Mekaniker, australier
7 Bi l ens delar (car parts)
Words ending in -er denoting men, either their job description or
their nationality, have no plural ending as such, but they still take
the normal -na ending in the definite form plural:
Det fanns mnga mekaniker There were many mechanics i n
i verkstaden. the garage.
Musikerna spelade en vals. The musicians played a ualtz.
10
Vi behver fler tekniker.
We need more technicians.
Indierna r mycket stolta. The I n di ans are very proud.
5 Vetalknnalkunna (know)
The English verb know corresponds to three different verbs in
Swedish, and they are not interchangeable.
(a) veta when it is a question of knowing jaets:
Vet du vad det r? Do you know what it is?
(bl knna when it is a question of knowing people:
Knner du Robert Redford? Do you know Robert Redford?
e 1 14
(c) kunna is used about skills, for example being able to play musical
16
instruments, sports or knowing languages.
Kan du spela fiol?
Do you know how to play the
violin?
13
De kan spela fotboll, They know how to play soccer.
Kan du finska? Do you know Finnish?
I,'I
i
,,g i ( i @i f >
I r I J I ' I r 1 F 8
6 Lsa - plugga (readlstudy)
The Swedish verb lsa is used both in the meaning to read and to
15 12 11
study. A very common slang word for swot is plugga:
Vilken tidning lser du?
Which newspaper do you read?
166
167
S WEOISH IVHERE ARE YOU GOING7
1 ratt (~n, -ar) st eering wheei
(a) Frbud mot gngtrafik.
2 hjul (W, %) wheei (b) Lgt flygande flygplan.
3 dck(wt, A) t yre (c) Pbjuden gngbana,
4 vindrutetorkare (-n, -0) windscreen wiper
(d) Frbud mot fordonstrafik,
5 motor (-n, motorer) engine
(e) Tunnel.
6 framste (-t, -n) front seat
7 bllblte (-t, -n) seat balt (f) Vjningsplikt.
8 hastighetsmtare (-n, 4) speedometer (g) Farlig sidvind.
9 bagageluck/a (-an, -or) boot
(h) Frbud att parkera fordon.
10 lyktla (-an, -or) headlight
(i) Rakt fram eller vnstersvng.
fordon (wt, -0) vehicle
gaspedal (mn, mr) accelerator, blyfri unleeded vjningspllkt give way
throttle tank/a (-ar, &e, -at) fil/ up with
12 fotbroms (wn, -ar) brake pedal petroi
13 handbroms (wn, -ar) hand bromala (wr, wde, -at) brake Fill in the correct past tense form of the following verbs in the sen
brake tut/a (wr, wde, -at) hoot tences below: bjuda, bryta, fara, flyga, g, njuta, skina, stiga,
14 vxelspak (mn, -ar) geer lever lgga in ettan getinto first geer
svlta, vinna.
16 koppling (wn, -ar) ciutch pedal lgga in backen get into reverse
16 signalhorn (wt, -0) (tuta) horn geer (a) Solen.. . , . . . hela dagen.
helijus (wt, 4) ful l beam brgnlngsbll (wn, -ar) breakdown
(b) Hon.. . . . , , upp tidigt efersom frjan.. . , . . . kl, sju.
bensin (mn) petrol van
bensinmack (mn, -ar) petrol krflt (mt, A) l ene
(c) De. . . . , , , oss p middag.
station frs8crlng (wn, -ar) insurance
(d) Vi . . . . . . . kvistar fr att kl majstngen.
(e) De.. . . . . . till Finland frra ret.
(If) Han. . . . . . . til l Nya Zeeland.
vningar
(g) Barnen i Afrika.. . . . . . hela sommaren.
Ct
(h) De.. . . . . . av utsikten.
(i) Brasilien.. . . . . . fotbollsmatchen.
1 Below are some yellow and red frbudsmrken (restriction
Complete the following sentences.
signe) and some varningsmrken (warning signe) and also some
gs
Example; En man frn USA r amerikan,
blue and white pbudsmrken (command signa). Try to link the
signe to the correct explanations.
(a) En man som talar iriska hemma r nog...
(b) Snorre Sturlasson var frn Island. Han var...
(c) Hamish MacIntosh frn Skottland r frsts...
(0
(d) Lenin var den... som ledde den... revolutionen.
(e) Thor Heyerdahl talar norska eftersom han r...
(fl En man frn Portugal kallas.. .
"8 +
')
(g) Eftersom Mao-Tse-Tung var... talade han...
(h) r Brigitte Bardot fransman? Nej, hon r...
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
4
(ix)
Fill in the correct verb veta, knna, kunna in the sentences
below. Use the present tense.
(a) .. . . . . , du nr man firar midsommar i Sverige?
169
S WED/SH
WHERE ARE YOV GOING?
(b) .. . . , , . du mnga svenskar?
(c) .. . . . . . du rkna frn 1 till 100 p svenska?
skolan redan nr de r sex r gamla, men mnga vntar tills de r
(d) En mekaniker.. . , . . . allt om motorer. t(iu r.
(e) Ingen.. . . . . . vad som hnde.
Qnder de frsta fem ren r alla mnen obligatoriska och man tar
(f) Sirkka... . .. . flera sprk.
ingen examen. I de hgre klasserna r vissa mnen obligatoriska,
(g) Jag.. . . , .. att jag inte.. . , . . . sjunga.
men man kan ocks vlja andra mnen ekonomi, konst, sprk,
(h) Hon, . . . . . . i nte ngon som kan hjlpa henne.
teknik etc efter sina intressen, Man fr bara betyg under de sista
(i) Barnet, . . . . . . i nte tala nnu.
ren. I en del skolor brjar man lsa engelska redan frsta ret,
5 Here is a list of descriptions of sorne parts of a car. Match each men oftast brjar man med engelska under treve
eller fjrde ret,
description with the correct word for the part.
Omkring 92 % av el everna fortstter at t st udera i gym
(a) Fyra stycken sdana sitter under bilen.
ttaaieskolan (corresponds roughiy to the sixth form). Den har
(6) Man sitter p det nr man kr.
mnga olika studieprogram. Efter gymnasieskolan kan man fort
(c) Man lgger sina vskor dr.
stta vid universitet eller hgskola om man kommer in konkur
(d) Man styr bilen med den.
rensen r hrd.
(e) Den fr bilen att g.
De som slutar skolan efter de obligatoriska nio ren kan brja stud
(f) Man kan stoppa bilen med den,
era igen p komvux, en skola fr vuxna, eller p folkhgskola,
(g) Den tar bort regn och sn frn fnstret.
ett slags internatskola. Folkhgskolorna r typiska fr Skandi
(h) Den visar hur fort man kr.
navien och mycket populra, men man kan inte komma in dr
(i) Man spnner fast sig med det.
fbrrn man r arton r.
(j) De mste lysa bde dag och natt nr man kr i Sverige.
(k) En vtska som driver apparaten som driver bilen.
I Sverige fr alla flera chanser att studera, om och nr de vill,
obligatorisk compulsory ekonomi (-n, -er) economy
lgg/a (~r, Ia(de), lagt) l ay spnna fast lasten
utbildning (-en, -ar) education konst (en, -er) art
vsk/a (-an, -or) bag, suitcase lys/a (er, -te, -t) shine, be on
infr/as (infrs, infrdes, infrts) teknik (-en, -er) technotogy
styr/a (styr, 4e, -t) st eer vtsk/a (-an, -or) li quid
be intrcduced intresse (-t, -n) interest
vis/a (-ar, -ade, -at) show apparat (wn, mr) device,
tidig early betyg (wt, -0) grade
fort l ast apparatus
redan al ready trad je third
dvs (det vill sga) thatis to say fjrde fourth
skolpiikt (-en) compulsory elev (-en, -er) pupil
Frstr du?
schooling konkurrens (-en) ccmpetiticn
vnt/a (-ar, -ade, -at) wait vuxen (vuxna) adult
mne (-t, -n) subiect ett slags a kind of
examen (pi. examina) exam internatskola boarding schoo/
Svenska skolor
vissa certain typisk typical
vlj/a (-er, valde, valt) chcose inte... frrn not until
Obligatorisk skolutbildning fr alla barn infrdes mycket tidigt i
Sverige, redan r 1842, Alla skolor r samskolor, dvs bde pojkar
och flickor gr i samma skola och de fr samma utbildning. Nu
mste alla g i skolan i nio r (skolplikt). Barnen kan f brja
170
171
SWEDISH
Rtt eller fel?
(a) Man behver mte brja skolan i Sverige frrn man r 7 r.
(b) I nga mnen r obligatoriska i skolan.
(c) Det r obligatoriskt att lsa engelska i svenska skolor.
(d) Fol khgskolorna r ett slags universitet
P F JLLVANDRING I
WQ'P
Walking i n Lapland
In fhis unit you will learn
how to ask for information
how to express preference
how to ascertain and state requirements when booking railway
tickets
to name the months of the year
Samtal
ke and John discuss their journey to Lapland.
John Vad ska vi gra nu i juli?
ke Vi ska ka upp till Lappland och se midnattssolen och lappar
och renar ocks frsts, och sedan ska vi vandra i gllen.
Naturen dr med de stora vidderna, skogarna, lvarna och
de hga fjllen r unik.
John Hu r ska vi komma dit? Ska vi kra?
ke Vi kan naturligtvis kra, men det tar tre dagar om vi ska
hinna se ngot p vgen, och d r vi trtta nr vi kommer
fram. Bilen kommer ocks att vara p fel stlle efter fjll
vandringen och det r besvrligt.
172
173
S WEOISH IIVA L K I AI 0 I N L 4 P L 4 Iv D
John Kan vi inte flyga d?
ke
gt eller fel?
Det r snabbt och bekvmt Srsts, och vi kan f ungdomsra
batt eller studeranderabatt, och d r det inte s dyrt, nien ,:: (tt) Man kan se midnattssolen i hela Sverige.
man ser inte s mycket. Jag fredrar nog tget, men vi kan
(y) Det tar ungefltr tre dagar att kra frn Gteborg till Abisko om
ju flyga hem. man vill se ngot p vgen.
John Tar inte tget vldigt lng tid?
(c) Det f
inns biovagnar p alla svenska tg.
ke Jo, ungefr 24 t i mmar f rn Gteborg til l Abi sko ver g ) Rtt pris r extra dyrt.
Stockholm, men det r mycket bekvmt och man ser mycket
mera n nr man flyger. P fjrrtget frn Stockholm finns
det ocks en bistro och biovagn, s vi kan se tre stycken Samtal
filmer p kvllen om vi har lust. Frst visar de en barnvnlig
film, sedan en familjefilm och sist en barnfrbjuden ven
ke and John are at the booking office at the raijway station,
tyrsfilm. P dagen tittar man frsts hellre p naturen utan
fr tgfnstret. ke Tv reslustkort och tv bi(etter Gteborg
John Blir det inte dyrt? Abisko turiststation ver Stockholm med avresa
ke Inte om vi kper reslustkort. D betalar man rtt pris p p lrdag, rd avgng. Kan man f ungdomsra
rda avgngar. Det r bara ungefr hlften s dyrt. batt p rtt pris ocks? Hr r mitt leg.
John Du har skert rtt. Vi tar tget dit, men jag vill hellre flyga Bgjettfrsgjaren Det gr bra. Enkel eller tur och retur, rkare
hem. eller i cke-rkare, sovvagn, l i ggvagn el l er
sittvagn?
juli Jui y fra/dra (-drar, -drog, dragit) ke Enkla biljetter, icke-rkare, liggvagn, tack.
frsts of course prefer BBjettfrsfUjaren Varsgod, hr r biljetterna, Avgng kl. 13.1G
natur (wn, -er) nature, scenery vldigt tremendously
och ankomst kl, 12,34. Tiderna och vagn och
vidd (-en, -er) vast expanse, wide ver vi a
open space fjrrtg (mt, -0) long distance train
platsnumret str p platsbiljetten, Tget gr
unik
unike biovagn (-en, -ar) railway carriage
frn plattform 1, spr 2. Trevlig resa!
det tar it takes with a cinema ke Tack s mycket.
hinn/a (-er, hann, hunnit) hava om vi har lust if we feel like it
time to barnvnllg suitabie lor children
trtt (trtt, trtta) ti red barnfrbjuden for adults only biijelt (wn, mr) ticket sittvagn (wn, -ar) ordinary seat
komma fram arri ve
venty rsfilm (-en, -er) thriller avres/a (-an, mr) departure ankomst (wn, wr) arrival
besvrlig di fficuit, awkward fnatar (fnstret, fnster) wi ndow det gr bra thats O.K. vagn (mn, -ar) coach
flygia (wr, flg, flugit) f l y realustkort (-et, -0) di scount enkel si ngle platsnummer (-numret, -nummer)
snabb fast travelcard tur och retur (abbrev. T o R) return seat number
bekvm comfortable rtt pris reduced price tickets platsbll jett (-en, wr) seat reserva
ungdomsrabatt (wn, -er) youth rd avgng (-en, -ar) reduced rokar e smoker tion ticket
discount price deparlure Icke-rkare non-smoker plattform (wn, -ar) pl atform
studeranderabatt (mn, mr) sovvagn (wn, -ar) sl eeper spr (mt, -0) track, lina
student discount Ilggvagn (mn, -ar) couchette trevlig resa have a nicejourney
174
175
swso jsH WALKING ( N LAPLAND
Rtt eller fel? increasingly popular.
(o) Man kan inte f ngon rabatt p rtt pris.
(b) Sovvagn och liggvagn r samma sak.
S hr sger man
(c) Avgngstid och ankomsttid str p platsbiljetten.
Vad ni behver veta
ask for information
Vad ska vi gra? What skall we do?
Getting around Hur ska vi komma dit? How shall ue get there?
Ska vi (inte) kra? Shall we (not) driue?
Flyg Tr ansport in Sweden is very good. Because of the great dis.
Kan vi (inte) flyga? Can we (not) fly?
tances, flying is popular for long distance journeys. If you don't need
Tar inte tget lng tid? Doesn't the tnxi n take a long
to travel during the rush hours (before 09.15 or between 14.30 and
time?
19.15 weekdays) you can get a ticket at budget price, and your part
Blir det (inte) dyrt? Will it (not) be expensive?
ner and children pay only a fraction of the price. The ticket must be
Kan man f ngon rabatt? Can we get any discount?
booked four days ahead of travel.
express a preference
Tg Tr ai ns are run by SJ Statens Jrnvgar (the State
Railways). They are modern and extremely comfortable. Some trains Vi kan naturligtvis.. . men We can ofcourse... but itis
have special compartments for families (marked Fam) and access to det r svrt/dyrt difflcult/etpensi ve.
showers in sleepers, Tickets are valid for one month. Second class Det r snabbt och bekvmt It is fast and comfortable, of
travel is the norm. There is a high-speed train X2000 between frsts, men... course, but...
Stockholm and Gothenburg and on some other lines with fax, cord Jag Sredrar nog tget. I probably prefer the train.
less telephone, photocopier,
shop, bistro, radio and music pro
Jag vill hellre flyga. I prefer flying.
grammes, and so on.
book railway tickets
Bussar There are plenty of short distance local buses, but not as
En enkel biljett Gteborg A single ticket Gothenburg
many long distance coaches. However, during the summer some long
Stockholm med X2000, tack Stockholm by the X2000, please.
distance buses are laid on for tourists and there are also coaches to
En tur och retur Stockholm A return ticket Stockholm-Malm
ski resorts during the winter. In the north, postal buses carry passen
Malm rtt pris, tack. at the discounted price, please,
gers as well as post.
Nr gr tget? When does the train leave?
Lappland Lapl and, especially the part that lies north of the Arctic Nr r vi framme? When do we orrive?
circle, is the most unspoilt wilderness in Europe. Here lovers of Frn vilken plattform gr From which platform does the
nature and adventure can find all they want fishing, river rafting, tget? train leave?
mountain hiking in summer, skiing and dog sledge tours in winter,
Kungsleden The most popular hiking route is Kungsleden (the
Royal Trail) which takes you through 135 miles of the mountain
world from Abisko to Kvikkjokk, but there are many other trails as
well, The trails in Jmtland or south of Stockholm and in Skne are
176
177
SwEDISH WALKING IIV LAPLAIVD
Qrammatik juli
augusti
september
:. sprIt
oktober
1 Verbs: the future tense
november
december
jtsll
The future tense naturally indicates that something is going to hap
pen in the future. There are three ways of expressing the future n
Swedish: ekote that Swedish does not use capital letters for the names of the
genths
(a) ska + an infinitive without 'att' is probably the least common
way, It is used when the subject has decided to do or not, to do
s omething:
g D/sedan (then)
Jag ska lra mig svenska. I shal l t each mysel f Swedish.
The English adverb then is ambiguous, Sometimes it means at that
Jag ska inte ge upp. I shall not gi ve up.
particular time or in that case, and then it corresponds to d i n
As an alternative it is also possible to use tnka + an infinitive with Sweish, but at other times it means afterwards, and then it must be
out 'att' with the meaning of planning or intendi ng to do somethi ng: translated by sedan in Swedish,
De tnker lra sig svenska. They i nt end to teach themselves Vi ska ka till Lappland efter We shall be going to Lapland
Swedish. midsommer. D ska vi se after Midsummer. Then we'll
midnattssolen. see the midnight sun.
(b) kommer att + an infinitive expresses an assumption about what
Har du engelskt krkort? D fr Have you got an, English drivi ng
is going to happen in the future;
du kra i Sverige ocks. licence? Then you are allowed
Om du inte slutar rka kommer If you don't stop smoking you'll to drive in Sueden as well.
du att f cancer. get cancer. Vi ska ka till Lappland. Sedan We are goi ng to Lapland, Tken
ska vi ka till Skne.
we'll be going to Skne,
This is a very common way of expressing the future tense, in particu
lar when det is the subject: The Swedish words d and sedan are also ambiguous. D can also be
a conjunction, meaning either when or as, though this is normally
Det kommer att regna i morgon, It uill rain tomorrow,
found in more formal language, for example in business letters.
(c) the present tense is probably the most common way if there is a Sedan can be a conjunction or a preposition meaning after, since, as
time expression indicating future or if it is obvious from the context
wejl as an adverb, for example:
that the action is taking place in the future;
Vi kommer att mta er d planet We are goi ng to meet you when
De ker till Lappland i juli, They wi l l go to Lapland in July,
anlnder. the plane arrives.
Blir det inte dyrt? Won'tit be expensive>
D vi inte hrt frn er antar A s we haven't heardfrom you
vi att ni inte r intresserade, we assume that you are not
i nterested.
g 2
The names of the months
Sedan han slutade skolan har Si nce he finished school he has
The names of the months are as follows:
han inte haft ngot arbete. not had any work.
Han har inte haft ngot arbete He hasn't had anyjob since
sedan jul, Christmas,
178 179
S WEDI SH WALKING I N LAPLAND
4 Fj ll, lv
c'yppa rg ~ht l wrong, which corresponds to du har rtt/fel in Swedish.
Fjll i s a wor d t hat i s onl y used about high mountains in
Scandinavia. Mountains in the rest of the world are called berg:
vningar
Fjllen i Lappland r mycket The mountains in Lapland ore
gamla. very old.
Lule-Boden-Kirjjrja-Narviij
Det hgsta berget i vrlden r The highest mountaini n the
12 jes 1$$4 8 tas 19$5
35$s 11 3585 0 944'W- 904% - si'% ri llj'
'901 lill" 73552 lill- sez-lRR
Mount Everest. world is Mount Everest. Zid 2 kl 2kl Zkl 2kl 2 kl 2kl 2kl 2I4
period
12!$.140 12/l 14/$18.1$/I
Similarly, l v i s onl y used about l arge, fast-flowing rivers in
a~rm dki +Hi;fi"dQ: lf:...Qravpalja"rtm@.es!4!Ilfzcr
'4+! :.!f.:.Ssdj ;
Scandinavia, Smaller, slow-flowing rivers are called . The general
Bf I
25/6, 25/ 6, 24/12, 24/I 2, 24 / 5, 24/6
word for large rivers, and for rivers in other parts of the world, is
25/12.1/I 25/12,1/I 1112 3 1/ 12 25 / 5 24/i f
24/I a,
5/tif'
aina'
i
flod: 51 2,
Vindellven r kanske den
4 5.46 Flo.oo s,ae e.54 Fi 7,16 9.46
Vi ndellven is perhaps the most
tr Lsle C
dessa C
7.!1 10.3! IS%l 17.2 0 !7.41 20.09
vackraste lven i Sverige, beauti ful river in Sweden,
.7 f.fr fXF2M'
3$20 1022M;
Flera sm ar i Sverige kallas
4.. 40 17.40 is Bdfs M
Several small rivers in Sweden
,3$,
edas C A 7,35 Floea tr.'44
A e.ae Fil 4l Fi 839
Svartn. are called Svaren.
jde Malisk
F!9,05
I 'gf kattavaaf
4 5 Bfksars
9,36 ,12.42 19 43
Den mest knda floden i The best knou n river in 304/ Bslllssre
riz 47 F1943
England r Temsen,
82!r... f jlMsas
England is the Thames. sr Kaltnm
2029
378:fc Strejka
2026
4.'t Klsa C
10.59 14.08 21.00
t sf Kf resa C
8 ri 8 7.15 8 7.15 All 15 714.23
si,fr Krake 23 8 7 23 8 7,23
5 Ankommalanlnda (arrive), avg (depart)
Restes 9 720 8 732 8 7, 32
3 'lr Rsnsln 6 720 5 741 8",,ai
345 'fr, derslors 0 7.46 e 7.40 6 7.4s I
355 'ff fornairsk Brks 5 758 B 7;5S I
Ankomma and avg are only used about means of transport in 5 ft Sienkackan 000Os 0 537 8 807 !
325 :fr Kaiaapakta 8.10 1 .16 S.I S I
timetables and on notice boards in stations etc. and there you norm
3$7 ti Slor4a len 815 a 25 825 I
r.;fr Aoiake ost!e 8.25 6.35 325 12 27 1534
aiiy see them in the forms ankommande and avgende. Anlnda
M,fr Aslaka lsrlstsin 5.35 43 043 12.34 15 43
.4 'fr . Bjrktieee 5.60 5 50 Leo 12.43 15 56
can be used about people as well as planes, trains, buses, boats etc.
ell fr rarnehamn 5.5l s 9,01 9. 0' I I
4!Is.ff Kopparsan 627 s 9.06 $. 06 I
though in everyday speech komma/fram and g are the most com
fr kklaijkka 9.07 1 9.13 9.' i 3 I
.;fr Vassilacfa 9.09 l 9.13 9 . 10 !3,05 15.15
monly used words for arrive and depart, for example;
450 ff Kalterikk 9.1'I s 924 9.24 13 !0 !6.25
453,:tr .Nlkssrnsea $.24 9 25 9 26 13.14 18 30
4 tf Bj ernljeli 9.35 9 . 35 13 22 13$
16,SO
Var r listan p ankommande Wh ere is the list of train
448.tr Kattaral 0.46 946
4 tf Romlnikk I 10.00 'lo.oo t,ss
$3 Ir Streonlanaa I 10.11 10.11 Ir.c
och avgende tg? arri vals and departures? . k....., ........,..,....19,10 70 ZP , , 10,25 .E4.03.... 1720
Vi anlnder med morgonplanet. We'll arrive on the morning Bsdrknis sa r
0 kdplma vid 210.
flight. f Ir.027% 31/7
Jag kom fram precis kl. 11. I arri ved exactiy at 11 o'clock.
'l4 BSMdcck aj 24/12. 312,
Bussen gr om en kvart. The bus departs in a quarter of
Raeleeikect
an hour, dor llssiastrskstl
af, O.e 4 samt 25/5, 5/11. 25!12
4ck aj 23/0. 22! I 2. 5I\
04f BSII
flack
Rds aspsssr
6 Du har rtt/fel (you are righttwrong)
9!5 ml ra/t I, 6/1 dock al 7! I
BM Te dock sj 23/d. 5/I
Fl. 0 dock ej 27!12
Note the difference between English and Swedish in the phrase you M31,1 dock ej 27! I 2; plilks sitt .sov. och
dsvapn
Beser peocdan Zr/6.15/0 pas l!allvar.
/skatt IIS dapar
180 181
SWEDISH
1 Answer the following questions with the help of the timetable,
If
WALKJNG I N LAPLAND
(j} Nr r det vr i Sverige?
(a) Det finns tv tg som ke och John kan ka med frn
(g) Nr r det sommar i Sverige?
Gteborg Central till Abisko turiststation. Vilka nummer har
(h) Nr r det hst i Sverige?
dessa tg?
(i) Nr r det vinter i Sverige?
(b) Nr avgr de hr tgen frn Gteborg Central?
4
Pill in the missing words, d or sedan, in the text below.
(c) Nr anlnder de till Abisko turiststation?
Svenskarna firar midsommar i slutet p juni.
... . . . . dansar de
(d) Vilka dagar gr de hr tgen?
runt en majstng. .....,, brukar flickorna plocka sju sorters
(e) Vilka dagar kan man f reslustrabatt p sommaren?
blommor. ....... fr de inte prata med varandra. .. . , . . . ska de
P det tg som kallas Nordpilen (the !r t hern Arrow) kan
lgga blommorna under kudden. .. . . . . . fr de se den man som
man bara f rtt pris p rda avgngar p lrdagar. Vilket
de ska gifta sig med i drmmen, om de har fljt reglerna,
nummer har det och nr avgr det frn Stockholm under juli
Blanad? kuddle (-en, -ar) pi l low
drm (drmmen, drmmar) dr eam
Dagl (dagligen) daily fljt reglerna fol !owed the rules
Helgdag public holiday
Note! If any part of a journey entitles you to rtt pris you will get
a discount for the entire journey. ~ Npk~ t s
p indicates that seat reservation is obligatory.
M~r r
2 Sel ect the most suitable way of translating the future tense in the '8&LMlNeeeee '~ etn%aeee
following sentences. Note that in some cases several ways are pos
sible, depending on how you interpret the English text.
(a) Jag (shall).. . . . . . gra det.
(b) Vi (shall). . . . . . . f resultatet i morgon,
(c) (Are you goi ng to)..... . . du kpa en Volvo?
(d} Nsta r (will be)... . . . . mitt sista r hr.
(e) Hon (doesn't intend to).... . . . hlsa p honom.
(f} Tror du att, det (will be).... . . . vackert vder idag?
(g) Han (isgoing to).... . . . brja skolan i r. $4 +4&sterflllleF~ c
(h) (Will),. . . . . . du stanna hemma ikvll?
(i) Du (will). . . . . . . bli gammal.
3 Answer the following questions in Swedish,
(a) Vilken mnad r den kortastemnaden?
(b) Vilka mnader r lngst?
(c) Vilka mnader har bara 30 dagar?
(d) I vilken mnad firar svenskarna midsommar?
(e) I vilken mnad firar vi jul?
e m mt ~ . .: - f:":: ::: '-:".: :::'',: :i:=: ::".' "-'::I F 1 s2eeaoace
182 183
S WEDISH WALKIIV G IIV LAPLAIV D
Look at the railway ticket and seat reservation ticket on page 183,
Study them and answer the following questions in English.
(a) Where does the journey start and where does it end?
(6) Is it a single or a return ticket?
(c) At what time does the train depart?
(d) At what time should the train arrive?
(e) In which coach will the passenger travel?
Is it a smoker or non-smoker compartment?
(g) What is the seat number?
(h) Is it an aisle or window seat?
Fill in the correct form of the words lv//flod in the following
sentences.
(a) Tillsammans r Kl arlven och Gta lv Sveriges lngsta
(b) Det finns inga stora... . . . . sder om Gteborg.
(c) I den lilla. . . . . . . i Skne finns ett par sm ar.
(d) Den lngsta... . . . . i vrlden r Nilen.
(e) De stora . . . , . . . i norra Sverige rinner frn nordvst till
sydost, !
Mississippi och Missouri r de mest knda... . . . . i Amerika.
( g) Man br inte dricka vattnet i de sm,.. . . . . .
't
Which word do you think fits best in the sentences below? Choose
between ankomma/anlnda, komma (fram), avg/g and
make sure that you use their correct form,
(a) Vi mter dignrdu. . . . . . . .
(b) Postbussen.... . . . varje dag mellan de sm byarna.
(c) Jag hoppas att presenten... . . . . i tid.
( d) Nr vi . . . , . . . hade tget redan... . . . . .
(e) Bde.. . . . . , och. . . , . . . tg r frsenade (/ate).
ke has sent a postcard to his parents, Read it and answer the
questions below in English.
alldeles lagom lust nght
mygg (wn) (collactive) mosquitoes
vl aaa snart! see you soonl
185
S WEDISH
WALK/NG IN LPLND
(a) How far had the boys come when they sent the postcard?
Frstr du?
(b) What sort of weather have they had?
(c) What will the girls do in Gothenburg?
(d) What has been difficult for the boys?
Lapparna
Lapparna eller samerna, som de sjlva fredrar att kalla sig, och
Samtal som r det officiella namnet, har levt hgst uppe i norr i de arktiska
eller subarktiska regionerna i Norge, Sverige, Finland och Sibirien
d ke are talking together when they are approached by two
sedan urminnes tider. De har ocks kallats "Nordens indianer"
John an
eftersom deras historia har mycket gemensamt med indianernas
girls.
historia.
John Det r verkligen underligt att se solen vid midnatt.
ke
Traditionellt var samerna nomader de fljde renarna nr dessa
Ja, det r srskilt besvrligt fr frldrar att vertyga sina
vandrade frn skogarna, dr de var under vintern, upp till bergen,
barn att det hr natt nr det inte r riktigt mrkt, Men det
dr de var under sommaren. Nu r det bara omkring 3 000 samer
varar inte s lnge, bara ngra veckor i juni och juli. Ju lng
som gnar sig t rensktsel. De flesta lever som resten av svenskar
re norrut man r ovanfr polcirkeln, desto lngre kan man se
na, men samerna fr statligt std fr att bevara sitt urgamla sprk,
midnattssolen.
samiskan, och sin kul tur, som t , ex. de f rgglada klderna.
Jytte Urskta, vi hrde att ni ska vandra p Kungsleden. Jag heter
Rensktseln har emellertid moderniserats. Nu anvnder man
Jytte och det hr r min syster Jenny, Fr vi flja med er jr
snskoters, flygplan och radio.
vi r lite rdda fr att g ensamma?
John Javisst. Ju fler desto bttre. Vad r ni rdda fr? Frut klarade samerna sig nstan helt och hllet med produkterna
Jytte Fr att g vilse, och ocks fr vargarna och bjrnarna, som de fick frn sina renar. Drfr blev Tjernobylolyckan 1986 en
ke Kungsleden r mycket vl markerad, s dr kan ni inte g katastrof fr dem. Bde renarna och vad de t blev smittade av
vilse. Det finns knappast ngra vargar kvar nu i Sverige, radioaktiviteten. Till januari 1994 har 188 000 renar ftt kasseras
och bjrnarna ser man inte s ofta, D r skert myggen eftersom de innehll fr mycket cesium 137. Men det finns hopp
farligare. cesiumhalten har minskat snabbare n vad experterna rknade
med, fast man tror att problemet med hga cesiumhalter kommer
att finnas kvar tminstone till r 2015,
underligt curious varg (wn, -ar) wol f
vertyg/a (-ar, -ade, -at) convince bjrn (wn, -ar) bear
var/a (-ar, -ade, +t) (t o) last vl markerad wc!l-marked
ju.. . desto the. . . t he knappast hardly
' 5
same (-n, -r) Lapp, Laplander bevar/a (-ar, -ade, -at) preserve
rdd af raid offlclell official ur/gammal (-gammalt, -gamle)
ensam (-t, ensamma) al one, by lev/a (er, -de, -t) l i ve ancient
ourselves sedan urminnes tider fr om tima samlska (-n) the language of the
immemorial Lapps
indian (mn, wr) (American) indian kultur (mn, mr) culture
gemensamt med in common with frg/glad (-glatt, -glada) brightiy
tradltlon allt tr aditionally coioured
nomad (mn, mr) nomad modernlser/a (-ar, -sde, -at)
omkring (abbrsv. o) around modernise
gnar slg at make their living from anvnd/a (wr, anvnde, anvnt)
rensktsel reindeer keeping use
emellertid however snskoter (-n, snskotrar) snow
statligt std st ate subsidy mobile
187
S yyEDISH
klarade sig managed ftt kasseras had to be destroyed
helt och het entirely innehlf/a (-er, Innehll, innehllit)
produkt (-en, -er) product contain
Tjernobylofyck/a (-an, -or) t he hopp (-et) hope
accident at Chernobyl cesiumhalt cesium content
ta (ter, t, tit) eat minsk/a (-ar, -ade, -at) decrease HAR NI NGOT
katastrof (-en, -er) catastrophe, expert (-en, -er) expert
disaster rknade med calculated
smittade infected finnas kvar remain
RUM LEDI GT?
radioaktivitet (-en) radioactivity tm/nstone at least
Have you a room vacant?
Rtt eller fel?
(a) Samerna har inte bott i Sverige s lnge.
(b) Majoriteten av samerna gnar sig t rensktsel.
(c) Samiskan r ett mycket gammalt sprk.
(d) Det finns inget hopp om att cesiumhalten i renarna ska minska.
In this unit you will learn
how to book a room in a hotel
how to enquire about meals and facilities
*
how to ask for information about tourist attractions and events
how to express satisfaction
how to write dates
Samtal
Anders has been asked to book a room for an American business asso
ciate who has specified a f i r a-class hotel in central Stockholm.
Anders telephones the Hotell Diplomat.
Anders Goddag, Har ni ngot rum ledigt fr tre ntter,
den 26, 27 och 28 augusti?
Receptionisten Jad. nskar ni ett enkelrum eller dubbelrum,
med bad eller dusch?
Anders Ett enkelrum med bad och toalett, tack. Ingr
Lapland
frukosten i priset och finns det telefon och TV p
rummet?
Receptionisten Fr ukosten ingr i priset. Alla vra rum har tele
fon, frgteve och radio,
188 189
S WEDI S 8
HA VE YOU A ROOIH VACAtvr?
Anders Tack, det var bra. Kan jag f bekrftelse p
ni vill.
bokningen. Rummet r fr Mr Bil l Stacey frn Mr Stacey Tack, det var utmrkt.
USA, men var snll och skicka bekrftelsen till
mig, direktr Anders Svensson, Storgatan 7 A, reserver/s (-ar, -ade, -at) reserve broschyr (wn, wr) pamphlet
395 84 Gteborg.
det stmmer that's right attraktion (wn, -er) at traction,
Receptionisten Tack s my cket. Jag s ki ckar bekrftelsen
nyckel (-n, nycklar) key event
pickolo (-n) bellboy, porter det r bara att vlja pl ease choose
omgende.
tar hand om takes care of for yourself
hndla (-er, hnde, hnt) happen ordnla (-ar, -ade, -at) get, obtain
ledig vacant toalett (mn, ar) toi l et vore would be utmrkt excellent
nsk/a (-ar, We, -at) wi sh ing (-r, ingick, Ingtt) is included
enkelrum (-met, 4) si ngla room telefon (wn, wr) tel ephone
dubbelrum (-met, 4) double room frgteve (-n) colour television
bad(~, a) bekrftelse (-n, -r) confirmation
Rtt eller fel?
dusch (wn, -ar) shower omgende by return
(ol Mr Staceys rum r reserverat fr en natt.
(b) Rummet ligger p frsta vningen.
(c) Han kan f mat p rummet nr som helst.
Rtt eller fel?
ial Det finns inga lediga rum p Hotell Diplomat.
Samtal
(b) Mr Stacey vill inte ha ett dubbelrum.
(c) Anders kan snart f bekrftelse p bokningen.
John and ke have decided to go to the famous Stockholm Water
Festival. They have not booked any accommodation in advance and
Samtal
tum up at a small hotel.
John Hej . Fi nns det ngra lediga rum?
Mr Stacey arri ves at Hotell Diplomat.
Portiern Tyv r r i nte. Alla vra rum r upptagna under hela fes
tivalen. Vilken prisklass ville ni ha?
Mr Stacey God dag. Jag har reserverat ett rum fr tre ntter.
John S bi l l i gt som mjligt, fr vi r studerande.
Portiern Vlkommen. Hur var namnet?
Portiern D r ekommenderar jag att ni gr till Hotellcentralen p
Mr Stacey M r Bill Stacey. Hr r bekrftelsen.
Centralstationen. De har uppgifter om tillgngliga rum.
Portiern Det stmmer. Rum nummer 307, p tre>ge vningen.
John Tack fr rdet! Det var bra.
Hr r nyckeln. Pickolon visar er till ert rum och tar
hand om bagaget,
upptagen (upptaget, upptagna) studerande (-n, -0) student
Mr Staeey Nr serveras frukosten? booked
uppgift (wn, mr) detail, information
Portiern Mellan klockan 7 och 9.30. Ni kan ocks f mat p rum festival (-en, -er) festival tillgnglig avaiiable
met nr som helst.
prisklass (-en, -er) price category rd (-et, -0) advice
Mr Staeey Jag skulle ocks viga veta vad som hnder i Stockholm
s ... som mjligt as. . . as
possible
just nu, och en karta ver staden vore bra att ha.
Portiern Varsgod, hr r en karta och Stockholm this week'.
Broschyrer ver de fl esta attraktionerna ligger dr
borta. Det r bara att v@ja. Vi kan ordna biljetter om
191
S WED/SH
HAVE YOU A ROOQ VCAIV T?
Rtt eller feI? Jag skulle vilja ha ett rum med I would like a room with bath/
bad/dusch/luftkonditionering/ shower/air conditioning/
(a) Det finns inget ledigt rum p hotellet,
balkong. balcony.
(b) Pri set p rummet r inte s viktigt fr John och ke.
Jag vill vara nra stadens I want to be near the tou n
(c) Hotellcentralen har uppgifter om lediga rum i Stockholm.
centrum. centre.
Vad kostar det? How much doesit cost?
Vad ni behver veta
enquire about facilities
Nr serveras frukosten? When is breakfast served?
Krftakiva August is a very important month in the Swedish culi
Finns det teleforuTV/radio/p Is there a telephone/TVlradio
nary calendar. Three major feasts take place, The crayfish season
rummet? in the room?
starts at midnight on the second Wednesday of that month and con
ask about tourist attractions and events
tinues until early September, Swedes gather on verandahs and ter
Jag skulle vilja veta vad som I would like to know what there
races all over the country under gaily coloured Chinese lanterns
finns att se hr. is to see here,
dressed in party hats and paper bibs for a moonlit feast called
Kan ni tala om fr mig...? Can you tell me...?
Krftskiva. Nowadays Sweden has almost run out of crayfish, so
Kan ni ordna biljetter till . . . ? Could you get tickets to...?
mast of them are imported, especially from Turkey where inciden
tally they are considered inedible! The crayfish are boiled with salt express sati sfaction
and plenty of flowering dill and eaten cold accompanied by aquavit
Det var utmrkt! That's excellent!
and beer, and with the August moon looking on, parties tend to be
Det var bra. That's good.
very j olly.
Det var snllt. That's kind of you.
Surstrmming Cr ayfish don't occur above Dalecarlia, so from the
third Thursday of August people in Norrland have their own feast on
surstrmming, fermented Baltic herring. This i s definitely an Grammatik
acquired taste, and most 'southerners' steer well clear of it, The smell
says it all. . . !
lagill e Lat e August is the season for lagill e i n Skne and
1 Ordinai numbers: 1st 1000th
Blekinge in the south of the country. Eels are the order of the day,
prepared in ten or twelve different ways, and served with aquavit. The Swedish ordinals are as follows:
1 frsta/frste 11 eifte
S hr sger man 2 andra/andre 12 tolfte
3 tredje 13 trettonde
4 fjrde 14 fjortonde
How to: 5 femte 15 femtonde
6 ajtte 16 sextonde
book a room in a hotel
7 sjunde 17 sjuttonde
8 ttonde
Har ni ngot rum ledigt?
18 artonde
Have you a roorn vacant?
9 nionde 19 nittonde
Jag skulle vilja ha ett enkeV I would like a single/double
10 tionde 20 tjugonde
dubbel rum. room.
102
193
S VI/E OISH
HA vE YOU A ROOhf vACANr?
varje/var gng every time
21 tjugofrsta 80 ttionde
22 tjugoandra etc. 90 nittionde
varje/vart r everyyear
30 trettionde 100 hundrade var sjtte mnad every sixth month
40 fyrtionde 101 (ett)hundrafrsta vartenda hus every single house
50 femtionde 172 (ett)hundrasjuttioandra
var och en av oss each one of us
60 sextionde 500 femhundrade
vartannat r every second year
70 sjuttionde 1000 tusende
IIlote also the expressionslite av varje all sorts of things and i varje
gallin any case
The two first ordinals take the optional ending -e when they refer to
males in the singular;
Min andre son r kemist. My se cond son is a chemist.
3 The translation of English '-ing' forms
As in English, the ordinal numbers are used as adjectives. 1:a, 2:a, In English a word ending in -ing can be either a noun, an adjective or
4;e etc, are very common abbreviations for frsta, andra, grde, etc. a verb, for example:
but the number alone is usually sufficient to indicate an ordinal, for
Laughingis good for you. Att skr at t a r nyttigt.
example in dates and in the names of kings and queens.
a laughing clotvn en skrattande clown
Rummet r p tredje vningen. The room is on the third floor. He went away laughing. Han gick drifrn skrattande.
De olympiska spelen ger rum Th e Olympic Games take place The child is laughing. Barnet skrattar.
vart fjrde r. every fourth year.
As a noun it is translated by an infinitive in Swedish.
Bussen gr var femte minut. The bus goes every fifth minute.
Norwich den 19 augusti 1995. 1I / orwich, 19 August, 1995. In the last three examples, the -ing form is a present participle used
Terminen brjar den 1 oktober. The term starts on October 1.
as an adjective or a verb.
Kung Carl XVI Gustaf (pronounced Carl den sextonde
The Swedish present participle has two forms. If the infinitive form of
Gustafl
a verb ende in an -a (as it does for most verbs) the present participle
Drottning Elizabeth II (pronounced Elizabeth den
ands in -ande, If the infinitive ende in a vowel other than -a the pre
andra)
sent participle ending is -ende: grtande (crying), kommande (com
ing), stigande (rising), dende (dying), gende (walking), leende
2 Varje var/vart varenda/vartenda var och
(smiling).
en/vart och ett varannanlvartannat
In Swedish the present participle is seldom used as a verb. In practice
this happens only aiter the verbs komma, g, bli and verbs of
Varje and var/vart mean each, every, but are not always inter motion, for example:
changeable. Varje is the most common of them and, unlike the oth
ers, is unchanged, whether it refers to an en- word or an ett- word.
Han kom visslande p vgen. He came wbistling along the
road.
Only var/vart can be used before an ordinal.
Hon gick leende till honom. She went smiling to him.
Varenda/vartenda (every single one) is used when the words are
particularly stressed.
The present participle is mainly used as an atgective or a noun in
Var och en/vart och ett means each one,
Swedish, or occasionally as an adverb:
Varannan/vartannat means every second. en sjungande flicka a singing girl
De studerande fr rabatt. Students get a discount
194 - 195
S IVEDISH HA I!E YOU A ROOM VA CAN r?
Hon var pfallande vacker. She was stri ki ngly beauti ful.
l4ummer, numret, nummer, numren
Note that all present participles used as nouns denoting people are
fifth declension en- nouns, so they don't have a plural ending. If the ln contrast to the above, a word containing an -mm or -nn normally
present participle nouns do not denote people, they are fourth declen
drops one -m or -n respectively when an ending starting with a conso
sion ett- nouns, so they take -n as the plural ending:
nant is added, This must be done if the ending starts with a -d or -t,
for example:
Alla verlevande r srade, All suruiuors are wounded.
Hon gav honom mnga leenden. She gave bim many smiles.
Noun
nummer numret nummer numren
Han fick flera erbjudanden om He got seueral offers of work,
Verb
glmma glmmer
glmde
glmt torget
arbete.
knna knner knde knt
kunna kan kunde kunnat
Present participles used as adjectives or adverbs do not take any end
ings, They must be compared with mera and mest:
Adjective sann sant sanna
Det mest lockande erbjudandet The most tempting offer came
kom frn Unilever, from Unilever.
However, the double -m or -n is kept before -s endings (genitives and
verbs ending in -s), before suffixes and in compound words:
4 The spelling of words endlng in -m or -n
ett lamms ull a lamb's wool
Det knns bra, It feels good.
Unfortunately, sometimes an m or n at the end of a word is not
kvinnlig female
doubled even though the vowel is short. Thus these words break the
lammkotletter lamb chops
normal pronunciation rules. Such words are: rum (room), hem
(home), dum (silly), kam (comb), kom (carne), program (pro
8 The subj unefi ve
gramme), min (my), din (your), sin (hislherlitsltheir), man (man),
mn (men), men (but), vn (friend), mun (mouth), kan (can).
The subjunctive causes few problems in Swedish, as it is not used
However, if an ending starting with a vowel is added, the m or n
today in normal Swedish, apart from vore (from vara) and in a few
respectively is doubled, Thus the number of ms or ns varies between
set phrases. It is normally formed by adding -e to the etern of the
different forms of the same word, for example:
verb. The subjunctive expresses wishful thinking or an unreal state,
an hypothesis etc., for example:
Noun Indef. sing. Def. sing. Indef. plural Def. plural
Det vore roligt om du kom. It woul d be nice if you came.
rum rummet rum rummen
Leve brudparet! Hooray for the bride and
hem hemmet hem hemmen bri degroom.'
man mannen mn mnnen Tack vare dig. Thanhs to you.
Verb Infinitive Present tense Pest tense Supine Mtte han komma! I do hope he'll come!
komma kommer kom kommit
Gud vlsigne dig! God bless you!
Adjective Basic Neuter Plural and def. form
The alternative to using the subjunctive is to use the ordinary past
dum dumt dumma tense or skulle+ inflnitive, or pluperfect and skulle + ha + supine:
Omjagvar rik, skulle jag flyg If l were rich, I u'ould fly with
med Concorde. Concorde.
196
197
S WEOIS H
HVE YOU A ROOIH VACANT?
Om jag hade varit rik, skulle If l h ad been rich, I would have
(6),. .., .. mste cykla p gatan,
jag ha flugit med Concorde. flown wi th Concorde.
(c) Det r svrt att se de. ... .. . barnen i Afrika p TV.
(d) Under 90-talet har vi haft .
...... matpriser men .......
vningar
hus priser.
(e) Mona Lisas.
... .. . r bermt i hela vrlden,
Ingen nu,,. . . , . har sett en dinosaurie.
State the accommodation requirements of the following people.
A tourist who doesn't know Swedish has asked you for information
Example: Erik Johansson vill ha ett enkelrum med bad, Haii
about some Stockholm hotels. Read the descriptions of the hotels
behver ocks garage fr sin bil.
below and summarise the information about each of the hotels in
Enkelrum Dubbelrum Bad Dus ch Garage English for him,
Erik Johansson
grand Hotell Unikt lge vid vattnet bredvid Kungliga Operan,
(a) Bertiloch Siv
Favoriserat av de kungliga, nobelpristagare och dignitrer.
Andersson
Medlem av The Leading Hotels of the World'. 319 rum.
(6) Tore Olsson /
Example: Grand Hotell is Stockholm's luxury hotel. It is large and
(c) Eva Skld / eller
beautifully situated in the centre by the water beside the Royal
(d) Familjen Vik 1 / och 1 8
Opera House, but it is expensive,
Write the missing dates in words, as in the example, (a) Reao Hotell Reiaen Frstklassigt hotell i gammaldags stil.
Example: (4/7) I Amerika firar man den fjrde juli. Lge i Gamla stan (The Old Town). Restaurang, barer, sauna,
Utmrkta konferensrum. 113 rum.
(a) (6/6) Sveriges nationaldag r...
(6) (14/7) Fransmnnen firar.. .
(b) Reso Hotell Amaranten Modernt och bekvmt hotell. Lge
(c) (17/5) I Norge firas.. .
vid City Air Terminal. Restaurang, barer, konferensrum, 410 rum.
(c) Scandic Crottrn Hotel Modernt hotell nra centrum. Med
(d) (23/4) S:t George firas...
(e) (4) Julen firas under det... kvartalet.
Scandic Holiday Card bor barn under 13 r gratis i frldrarnas
(f) (6) Det... budet (cornmandment).
rum. Tonringar fr eget rum fr 150: . Frukost ingr i priset.
(g) (7) Hon var i... himlen.
Scandic Holiday Gard kostar 100: men en presentcheck fr
100 : i Scandics restaurang + hundratals rabatter fr Avis hyr
Iiisert the correct words in the following sentences;
bilar, bilfrjor, svenskt glas etc. ingr.
(a) Vi ker buss (every)..... . . dag.
(d) Welcome Hotell Barkarby 15 minuter frn centrum. Man
(6) Hon r ledig (each).... . . . tredje sndag.
betalar fullt pris frsta natten men halvt pris fljande ntter.
(c) Han vann (every single)..., . . . gng.
Frukost ingr i priset.
(d) Hon kommer till Sverige (every)..... . . fjrde r.
(e) Sommarhotell Moderna studentrum med dusch och toalett.
(e) (Each one)..... . . av barnen fick en present.
Budgetpris. Utanfor centrum. Srskilt lmpligt fr konferenser
(f) Ett flygplan landar (every second)..... . . minut.
och grupper.
(f) af Chapman Vandrarhem ombord p ett gammalt segelfartyg.
Form a present participle noun or adjective appropriate for the fol
Centralt lge vid Skeppsholmen, Bilhgt.
lowing sentences, Use the following verbs: cykla, d, falla (fall),
g, le, leva, stiga.
tttga (-t, -n) sl tvation tonrlng (mn, wr) teenager
(a) Trottoaren (the pavement) r bara fr. . . , . . . gammaldags old fashioned segelfartyg (wt, 4) wi ndjemmer
198
SWEDISH HAVE YOU A ROOJH VACA/V T?
6 I magine you have been asked to book accommodation in
ttuvudstad (an, -stder) capital
Erlkskrdnikan the Eric Chronicle
Stockholm for the following people, Choose the most appropriate
ttaidena Venedig
the Venice of grundlgg/a (+r, -lade, -lagt) l ay
accommodation from the list above and explain your choice. ttsr l4orth
the foundation of
tkrttttarin/a (-an, -or) authoress
anvnd/a (er, -vnde, -vnt) use
(a) A visiting President on an informal visit to Sweden.
tteakr/V/a (Wr, -skrev, -skrivit)
brev (mt, 4) let ter
(b) A family of five. Two children below 13, one son aged 17. ~ be underteckn/a (-ar, -ade, -at) sign
(c) Two teenagers on a restricted budget. ttltt/a (wr, tidt, flutit) fl oat
kung (wn, -ar) (from konung) king
(d) A busy commercial traveller from abroad. He has to fly to the
vart..
. n wherever tstning (an, -ar) fortress
i land ashore
main Swedish cities, but wants to have Stockholm as his base.
ciean
trtlaa till Is freeze over
pirat (wn, wr) pi rate
(e) A young couple hoping to stay for a week, if their means allow
a (wn, wr) ri dge
vx/a (-er, -te, -l) grovr
it. A central situation is not essential, but privacy is. gtardrottnlngen
The Oueen of lngsamt s/ow/y
(f) An elderly couple who emigrated from Sweden to America in
taka M/aren
their youth. They are particularly fond of everything old and
quaint.
(g) A group of foreign students studying modern architecture.
Rett eller fel~
(tt) Man kan inte bada i Stockholm
Frstr du?
(fi) Stockholm kallas ocks 'Mlardrottningen',
(c) Stockholm grundlades fr att skydda befolkningen runt Mlaren
mot pirater,
Stockholm
Man har kal lat Sveriges huvudstad, Stockholm, fr ' Nordens
Venedig'. Den svenska frfattarinnan Selma Lagerlf beskrev
Stockholm som 'staden som flyter p vatten'. Stockholm ligger p
fjorton ar mitt emellan stersjn och Mlaren, Sveriges tredje
strsta sj. Vart man n gr i Stockholm r man inte lngt frn
vatten och btar. Vattnet r s rent att man kan fiska lax och bada
mitt i centrum. P vintern brukar vattnet frysa till is i ungefr en
mnad. Det r vattnet och arna, bergen och sarna som gr
Stockholm till en s vacker stad. Ett annat namn som Stockholm
har ftt r 'M lardrottningen'.
Enligt Erikskrnikan, som skrevs p 1300-talet, var det Birger Jarl
soin grundlade staden r 1252. Namnet Stockholm anvndes frsta
gngen officiellt i ett brev som r undertecknat av kung Valdemar
och Birger Jarl. Namnet kommer frn 'stock' (log) och 'holme'
(islet). Enligt krnikan byggde Birger Jarl en fstning p den holme
dr hans stock flt i land fr att skydda hamnarna i Mlaren mot
pirater. Staden vxte lngsamt, men har nu en och en halv miljon
invr.are.
0
200 201
WHERE HAVE YOU BEEttf
veler i Towern r vl finare.
he
I s fall kan vi titta p Gamla stan eftert.
John
Var ligger Gamla stan?
Just bakom slottet, Det r den ldsta delen med gamla
VAR HAR DU VARI T?
medeltida hus, smala grnder, trevliga butiker och mysiga
restauranger. Vet du, att Stockholms domkyrka, Storkyrkan,
Where have you beens
har en bermd staty av S:t Gran och draken? Det r allts
S:t George.
Nej, jag trodde att han bara var skyddshelgon hemma i
England.
@adshuset Ci ty Hall kronjuvel (wn, -er) crownj ewel,
symbol (wn, wr) symbol state regalia
bl (bltt, bl(a)) bl ue spnnande thrilling
r5d (rtt, rda) red I s fall in that case
gyllene goiden eftert al t erwards
Oyllene salen the Goiden Hall just bakom just behind
In this unit you will learn
moaar (wn -er) mosaic medeltida medieval
festmiddag (wn, -ar) banquet smala grnder narrow lanes
nobeiprfatagare (-n, Q) htobet butr (wn, wr) shop, boutique
how to say if you like or do not like something
pnze winner mysig (colloquial) (nice and) cosy
how to ask where someone has been serveras ls served domkyrkla (-an, -or) cathedral
how to express disappointment
ankrace (-t, -n) duck race drakle (wn, -ar) dragon
lott (at, -0) palace, castie allts that's to say, you know
tillgnglig accessible, open tro (-r, -dde, -tt) believe
Samtal
beskare (-n, 4) vi sitor skyddshelgon (wt, -0) patron saint
skattkammare (-n, A) tr easury
John and ke discuss their sightseeing programme in Stockholm. Rtt eller fel?
John Var t ska vi g frst?
(a) Stadshuset har ver 600 rum.
ke Ja g t ycker vi ska brja med Stadshuset, fr det har blivit en
(5) Det finns sju olika museer p slottet.
symbol fr Stockholm. Bl hallen som r rd1 och Gyllene
(c) Det finns en staty av S:t George i Stockholms domkyrka.
salen med de fina mosaikerna, dar festmiddagen fr nobel
pristagarna serveras r mycket vackra,
John J a, dit mste vi g.
Samtal
ke F r e det stora ankracet kan vi vl ocks titta p slottet, Det
har ver 600 rum, och de flesta r tillgngliga fr beskare.
Vi kan ju inte se allt, men representationsvningarna borde
John and ke split up as they have different interests. John then
vi vl se. Det finns ocks sju museer p slottet. Av dem r
failed to tum up at Kungstrdgrden, where they had agreed to meet.
vl skattkarnmaren med alla kronjuvelerna mest spannande. he Va r har du varit?
John J ag tycker inte att det r s roligt med juveler. Vra kronju John Jag gi ck ti ll Vasamuseet, fr jag tycker inte om modern
202
203
SWEDISH WHIERE HA VE YOU BEEI V?
konst. Jag r mer intresserad av btar.
The water festival has a serious purpose, namely to protect the envi
ke Ja g bl ev besviken, fr jag vntade p dig i Kungsan. Vi hade
ronment, and in particular water. The Stockholm Water Prize, intro
ju bestmt att vi skulle trffas dr.
duced in 1991 and worth 5150,000, is awarded to the person who has
John F r l t, men Vasa var s imPonerande att jag inte kunde slita
dons most for the water environment anywhere in the world. There is
mig drifrn. Jag tnkte att jag inte skulle hitta dig i alla
ttjso a junior prize, worth SEK 25 000 for a young person below 18 for
fall, fr det var ju s fullt med folk i Kungsan, s jag tittade
an ides or a practical invention to safeguard the water.
p en gratis teaterpjs hr i stllet.
ke Ja g t rodde du var intresserad av miljn. Jag lrde mig myck
globen The largest spherical building in the world. Major sporting
and cultural events take place there.
et om vattnet. Drygt 70% av jordens yta r tckt av vatten,
men bara 1% gr att dricka, s vi mste vara rdda om Vitsa A Swedish warship which sank in Stockholm harbour on its
vattnet. m aiden voyage in 1628. Now rescued and beautifully preserved, it is
John Fi ck du biljetter till Paul McCartney? one of the main tourist attractions in Stockholm.
ke Nej , j ag r ledsen men det var utslt p Globen.
John Det var synd.
S hr sger man
intresserad av interestedi n fullt med folk cr owded
besviken di sappointed milj (-n, wr) environment
How to:
Kungsan (colloquial) drygt sl ightly more than
Kungstr dgrden (a park) ytla (-an, -or) surlace say that you like something
imponerande impressive vara rdd om take care ol
slita mig drifrn tear myseitaway jag r ledsen l' m sorry Det r s vackert/intressant I t 's so beauti ful/interesti ng/
from there utslt sold out imponerande/spnnande/kul. impr essive/thrilling/amusing.
hitt/s (-ar, -ade, -at) fi nd det var synd that's a pity
I alla fall anyway say that you don't like something
Jag tycker inte om modern konst. I don't like modern art.
Det r frskrckligt/hemskt/fult. It' s terrible/atvful/ugly.
Rtt eller fel?
ask where someone has been
(a) Man kan se modern konst p Vasamuseet. Var har du varit? Where have you been?
(b) Det r aldrig fullt med folk i Kungstrdgrden. Vart tog du vgen? Where did you get to?
(c) Bara 1% av vattnet p jorden gr att dricka.
express disappointment
Jag blev besviken. I u as di sappointed.
Vad ni behver veta Jag r ledsen, I'm sorry.
Det var synd. That's a pity,
Vattenfestivalen For t en days in August Stockholm celebrates
with a festival that has no equaL It is now one of the most well
attended events in Europe, with around 4 million visitors, The whole
city is transformed by 1,500 different events, most of them free of
charge, for example: music, theatre, dancing, samba carnival, and the
world fireworks championships.
204
.205
S WEDISH WHERE HA VE YOU 8EEI V?
Grammatik
fortn is used with verbs indicating movement towards or from a place.
gnglish used to have the same distinction, e.g. herelhither, therel
thither etc. Expressions of position answer the question var? (where?)
and expressions of movement answer the question vart? (where to?).
1 Adverbs ~iow is a list of those adverbs with two forms.
Adverbs are words that modify the meaning of an adjective, a verb,
another adverb or a whole clause. They can refer to place, time, quan
Rest orposition Movement
tity or manner, The most common adverbs are the negations inte,
vaI' where? vart where to?
hr
here hit to here
aldrig, icke, ej,
dr there dit to t here
Many adverbs are identical with the neuter form of the adjective. inne in(side) in in
These are compared in exactly the same way as the adjectives, for
Lite out(side) ut out
Upp UP upp Up
exam ple:
down ner do wn
sent l ate senare l at er senast l at est
hernma at home hem (t o) home
borta away bort away
gott goo d bttr e bet ter bst best
framme in front, there, fram forward
hgt hi gh hgre higher hgst highest
at one's destrnatron
However, there are also many adverbs not derived from adjectives.
Apart from the negations there are the words ending in -en, such as
Var har du varit? Where have you been?
verkligen (really), troligen (probably), slutligen (finally) and the
Vi r hr. We are here.
words ending in -vis like naturHgtvis (of course), vanligtvis (usual
Vart ska vi g frst? Where shall we go first.
ly), lyckligtvis (fortunately). These can of course not be compared Ni mste komma hit. You must come here,
because of their rneaning. ke och John stannade inne ke and John stayed in(doors)
Please note that most of the place adverbs have two forms. One form
hela kvllen. the whole eveni ng.
is used with verbs indicating rest or posi tion at a place, and the other
There are a few idiomatic phrases;
De bor tre trappor upp, They live on the third floor.
Hon ringde hem, She phoned horns.
Jag lngtar dit, I long to go there.
2 Before
Before can be a conjunction, an adverb or a preposition.
As a conjunction (a word that linka two clauses) it is translated by
innan, unless it is preceded by a negative clause, in which case it is
translated by frrn. Thus inte... frrn corresponds to not... until,
As an adverb it corresponds to previously, earlier and is translated by
Srr, frut, tidigare. These words are interchangeable,
206 207
S WEDISH wHERE H vE VOU BEEN'r
As a preposition it is translated by fre when it refers to time, but
intresserad av, intresse i, intresse fr
framfr when it refers to place.
John krde p en mindre vg John drove on a minor road
~e expression interested in (art, sport etc.) must be translated by
innan han krde p motorvgen. efore he drove on the motorway.
~adre sserad
av (konst, sport etc.):
ke vaknade inte frrn ke dutn't wake up until the ke trodde att John var ke thought that John was
vckarklockan ringde. alarm clock rang. intresserad av miljn. interested in the environment.
John hade aldrig krt i John had never driven on the
hgertrafik frut. right efore.
~i nterest to or an interest in is translated by intresse fr, unless it
Du mste komma fre klockan
refers to having an economic interest (i.e. shares) in a company, in
You must come efore five
fem.
which esse it is intresse i:
o'clock,
Han satt framfr mig p bion. Hesatin front of meat the Den gamla damen fattade The ol d l ady took an interest
cinema. intresse fr pojken. in the boy.
Hiksdagsledamter mste tala %Ps must declare i f they have
3 Tyckaltnkaltro (think)
om ifall de har intressen i an interest in the companies
de bolag som diskuteras. which are being discussed.
The English verb think corresponds to three different verbs in Swedish.
These verbs are rarely interchangeable,
5 Adj ectives without endings
(a) Tycka renders think when it means to hold an opinion or when it
is a matter of taste: There are a number of adjectives which do not conform to the normal
pattern with regard to endings. In this unit we had gyllene, medel
Jag tycker vi ska brja med I thi n k u e should start with the
tida, gratis. These are typical of the adjectives which do not take any
Stadshuset, City Hall.
endings whatsoever, namely adjectives ending in -e, -a or -s (though
John tyckte att Vasa var John thought that Vasa was
those adjectives ending in -s like gracis (graceful), skandals
imponerande. impressive.
ke tycker att modern konst r ke thinks that modern art is
(scandalous), nervs (nervous) do take normal adjective endings).
Examples of indeclinable adjectives are;
intressant. i nteresting.
(a) Adjectives ending in -e, among them all present participles and
(b) Tnka renders think when it means ponder, use one's brain. Note
a@ectives in the comparative form; leende (smiling), frmmande
that thi nk of is always translated by tnka p;
(foreign, strange), ldre (older), mindre (smaller), de (deserted),
Tnk frst och handla sedan. Thi n k be fors you act, ordinarie (regular), ense (agreed).
ke tnker p John. ke is thinking oj John,
(b) Adjectives ending in -a: bra (good), extra, kta (genuine), sakta
(c) Tro renders think when it means believe, i.e. you cannot be sure, (slow), stilla (peaceful), samma ((the) same), nsta ((the) next), frra
but you believe something: ((the) last), nutida (present day), dtida (of that time).
Jag tror att det blir vackert I cann ot be sure but I think it (c) Adjectives ending in -s: stackars (poor), utrikes (foreign),
vder i morgon. will be fine tomorrow. gammaldags (old fashioned), medellders (middle-aged).
Vi tror p Gud. We believe in God.
Some odd but common adjectives without endings are: fel (wrong),
slut (finished), /rran (far-away).
208
209
SWEDI SH
pypsgs HAYE You BEE!v?
Adjecti ves with variations of the normal
yppad om radd for
endings
gots
difference in meaning between vara rdd om (be careful
Other adjectives with minor variations to the regular pattern of end. tahe care of) and vara rdd fr (be afraid of), for example;
ings are:
Du borde vara rdd om din
You ought to tahe care of your
(a) Adjectives ending in a vowel in the basic form: hlsa
health.
r du rdd fr spindlar?
Are you afraid of spiders?
ny nytt nya neu
fri fritt fri a
free
bl bltt bl / a
blue vningar
(6) Adjectives ending in a vowel+ tt in the basic form:
ltt ltt ltta easy, light
A e r t he followmg questlons, usmg dit/dar/hit/har
trtt trtt trtta ti red
~p l e Var ar bdenv Den ar dar
(c) Adjectives ending in a consonant + t in the basic form: (a) Vart krde ke och John? (to there)
(6) Var ligger staden? (there)
intelligent in t el l igent int elligenta intelligent
(c) Var r du? (here)
(d) Adjectives ending in a vowel + d in the basic form: (d) Vart cyklar Lasse? (to herel
(e) Var str skidorna? (there)
god gott goda good
rd rtt rda red
S Construct suitable questions, using var or vart, to which the fol
lowing statements could be the answers.
(e) Adjectives ending in a consonant + d in the basic form:
?
? Example: John r i Sverige, Var r han?
stngd stngt stngda cl osed
(a) Robert och Jane bor i London.
bermd bermt bermda
famous
(6) Marco Polo reste sterut.
(f) Adjectives ending in -ad in the basic form: (c) John trffade Kerstin i Gteborg.
lskad lskat lskade be l o ved
(d) De krde till sommarstugan.
ppnad ppna t ppnade op ened
(e) John ringde hem.
(f) Robert och Jane ska resa hem.
(g) A@ectives ending in a vowel + m in the basic form:
S Put the sentences in the right order to fit the pictures on the next
dum dumt dumma silly page. Then insert the correct form of the place adverbs in the text.
tom tomt tomma empt y Choose from: ditldr, fram/framme, hem/hemma, hit/hr,
(h) Adjectives ending in -nn in the basic form:
in/inne, ner/nere, upp/uppe, utlute. Some words are used
several times, others are not used at all.
sann sant sanna true
noggrann noggrant
noggranna careful
(a) .. . . . . . bor familjen Svensson.
(6) ke ker hiss... . , , , till tredje vningen.
(c) Han gr.. . . . , , i huset.
(d) Han gr (out)... , . . . i kket.
210 211
S WEDISH WHERE HA VE YOU BEEN?
(e) Han hller (up).. . , . . . ett glas l t sig.
(g) men John sger att han tycker om att vara.
. . . . . . .
(f) och tar, . . . . . . en l ur kylskpet.
(/i) Sedan stter han sig,
..., ., och vntar p John.
(i) Nr John kommer tittar ke.
. . . . . . . D str John redan
EE an, g
g R 4 ,
,. . . , , , i rummet.
(t) ke tnker att John kanske vill ka .
... ., . t i l l London, fr
Q oo
,.. . . . . r alla hans vnner.
(k) Han str (in front). . ., .. . vid fnstretoch tittar. . . . . . . .
4V (i) ke r p vg.
. ., . . . . Det r kall t . . . . . . . . Han gr fort,
s han r snart.. . . . . . .
gots. If you translated 'pours out' as hller ut it would mean that
ke poured the beer down the drain... an awful waste!
Complete the text, using fre/framfr, frr/frut/tidigare,
innan, inte.. . frrn.
... . . . . j ul r det sknt att sitta . . . , . . . den ppna spisen och
rosta pplen.. . . . . . . , nr man inte hade centralvrme, hade alla
en ppen spis i huset. Det var....... p 1900-talet, som det blev
vanligt med centralvrme. ... . . . . dess var det kallt i husen om
vintern.
centralvrme (-n) central h aag ng
dess then
Choose the correct word tycka/tnka/tro and the correct form
of the chosen word to fill the gaps in the sentences.
(a) Man. . . . . . . bst p morgonen.
(b) Alla. . . . . . . att John talar Aytande svenska.
(c) Mnga.. . . . . . att det alltid regnar i England.
(d) Ake.. . . . . . att John skulle komma till Kungstrdgrden.
(e) Vad.. . . . . . du om smrgsbordet?
(f) Ingen.. . . , . , att Danmark skulle vinna fotbollsmatchen.
(g) Vad. . . . , , , dup?
Choose the appropriate preposition av/fr/i to complete the
sente nces.
rak
t
(a) Vad r du mest intresserad. . . . . . . , f i l m eller teater?
(b) ke har fattat intresse... . . . . miljn.
(c) Familjen Wallenberg har intressen... .... mnga bolag
(d) Flickorna r bara intresserade.......klder.
212 213
S WEDISH
WHERE HA VE YOU BIEEIV?
(e) Artikeln r inte av ngot intresse... . . . . mig.
gou decide you need some light relief after the Strindberg play,
(f) Mannen var av stort intresse...., .. polisen.
Three events have been recommended to you, Study the advertise
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the following ad. ments and answer the questions.
jectives: dum/hrd/ny/medellders/sann/stackars/stngd/ktiL
Use each adjective only once.
S6(rleg Valent.fn~
)RLTETERiki
Ileu, I 1 nre knlaeuel
(a) Den.. . . . . . studenten hade inga pengar kvar.
10YPRRMIAR
(b) Jag behver ett.. . . . . . batteri till bilen,
v Wlhy nueael ehnnn en Cnl Krn
Overainnint Gunilla Andarman
(c) Hon fick ett halsband med.... . . . prlor,
Ileo Hl n Mala nder
I rollen GI3IIILLA NY%00$
(d) De fick svara p mnga.... . . . frgor,
"Sureren Shirley" Sundamilr T dn
"Shirky Velenlrne
(e) Det gamla brdet var........ . en reelrrperln" Skanaka Datl
(f) Han dansade med en.... . . . dam.
Spelar pa
ptoeahacke Etakliaeament
(g) Det, var ett.. . . . . . ord,
Mandaiar kl I 9 00
Brli, rel00.644 54 10, 6el 'il0 10,
(h) Kontoret var.. . . . . . p sndagarna.
640 es 60 kl 1000 1700
Shirlay Valentino OLMS
- en porlat OPERETTENSEASRLE
8 You are in Stockholm and you would like a night at the theatre, A
en nrrrenna r r un un
Orr fn r ruln, ara
1 ajir
Strindberg play is a must. Three Strindberg plays are advertised, amnrre nn, r u r nn, nn
l em neo r
Read the advertisements and answer the questions that follow.
STOCKHOLIHS OTERETTEIISEIAHLE
SISTA VKCKOR11II
Qperetifest
Spalae Ire-lr 19,3O,
I~n i s. OB
ris.oue-tora 13.00
i ' I
En freaprakdnrle kauulkarl
mena eocen eeeeeen le - re
meri olnererr musikal och vrlenermeloriler
rel re lear re lear
Anneyge Klnnunen SINK Sarthohlsson
l4jfaond 00114nS Ev~ us soo,
KASSAN OPPSN I 0AO 10.00 19,00 4itlkah0lsson ISHtdnLQBsson
TSL SIST. 10.00 1 .N. Hkk oseer 05 N. rau Ndey N 00. dhntus Hoisnder '%khW5chmidherBer
mne I ASTOH SPEIAR Vh nuui~~w"..
EmS Dek" Eva NorhetS "-"
Wllhelm Sciuud DanSSruHPen "Sweet fest"
IIALLWVLSKA 11ALATSETS GRD

MAheN11ATAN 4
r nupen Suladnno
19 00.11 55 pt tyrea
urskkr
(a) Vad fr slags frestllningar r de? (Dans, drama etc.)
TEATN
(b) Kn av dem spelas bara en gng i veckan. Vilken r det?
(c) Nr spelas den och vem spelar huvudrollen?
(d) Du vill helst se den frestllningen. Hur kan du f biljetter till
den?
(a) Vilka titlar har de tre Strindbergspjserna?
(b) Vilken pjs r den enda som du kan f biljetter till?
Frstr du?
(c) Var spelas den hr Strindbergspjsen?
(d) Hur kan du kpa biljetter till den?
(e) Varfr kan du i nte f biljetter til l de tv andra frestll
Alfred Nobel
ningarna?
Sverige har haft mnga uppfinnare och vetenskapsmn som har
II
IresItlTTITlg (-en, -ar) perfor Tlanoe rt landet knt i hela vrlden. Alfred Nobels mnga uppf
inningar,
av vilka dynamiten var den viktigaste, gjorde honom fantastiskt rik
- - 214
215
SWED/SH
och bermd. Nobel var fdd i Stockholm av svenska frldrar. Nr
han var nio r gammal flyttade han med sin familj till S:t Petersburg,
som var huvudstad i Ryssland vid den tiden. Han bodde i flera ln
der eftert och kom till slut att betrakta sig som vrldsmedborgare,
men han gav aldrig upp sitt svenska medborgarskap, och svenska
VILKEN LIN JE
r ocks sprket i det testamente som han skrev i Paris r 1895.
Han testamenterade strsta delen av sin frmgenhet till en stif SKA JAG TA?
telse, och rntan p inkomsten frn den stiftelsen skulle delas upp
varje r i fem lika stora delar och delas ut till dem som har gjort sig Whi(:h line shouLd I take?
mest frtjnta inom omrdena litteratur, fysik, kemi och medicin.
Ett sjtte pris, i ekonomi, har tillkommit senare.
Nobel instiftade ocks ett fredspris, vilket kan verka ironiskt efter
som dynamit spelat s stor roll i krigen, men han ville ha fred i
vrlden, Fredspriset delas ut i Norge, medan de andra prisen delas
ut i Stockholm den 10 december varje r i nrvaro av kungaparet.
In this unit you will iearn
uppfinnare (-n, 4) inventor stiftelse (-n, -r) loundation
vetenskaps/man (-mannen, -mn) rnt/a (-an, -or) interest
phrases used about public transport and hiring a car
scientist inkomst (wn, wr) income how to express surprise
uppfinning (wn, -ar) invention delas upp be divided up
how to express hesitation
dynamit (-en) dynamite delas ut be shared out, awarded
about the political scene
viktig important gjort slg frtjnt di stinguish
flytt/a (-ar, -ade, -at) move ones el/
till slut in the end omrde (-t, -n) area
betrakt/a (+r, -ade, -at) sig regard tyskt (-en) physics
himself kemi (-n) chemistry
Samtal
vrldsmedborgare (-n, 4) world tillkomma (tillkommer, tilkom,
citizen tillkommit) to be added
ge (-r, gav, givlt) upp gi ve up Instift/a (-ar, -ade, -at) establish
John is meeting ke at Riksdagshuset but he doesn't know how to get
medborgarskap (wt, -0) fredspris (wt, -0) peace prize
citizenship
there, He asks a man at S:t Eriksplan underground station for help.
verkla (-ar, -ade, -at) seem
lestamente (-t, -n) wi l l ironisk ironic
John Var s nl l och tala om fr mig vilken linje jag ska ta fr att
teatamenter/a (-ar, -ade, -at) krig (wt, -0) war
komma till Riksdagshuset!
bequeath I nrvaro av in the presence oi
frmgenhet (wn, wr) wealth kungapar (-et, mn) royal couple
Mannen Det gr bra att ta frsta tg som kommer.
John Var s ka jag g av?
Mannen Vi d Gamla stan eller T-centralen.
Rtt eller fel?
John Finns det ingen hllplats vid Riksdagshuset?
Mannen Nej, men det r inte alls lngt att g.
(a) Al f red Nobel uppfann dynamiten. John Ms t e jag byta tg?
() Nobel skrev sitt testamente p franska i Paris r 1895. Mannen Nej , alla tgen hrifrn passerar de stationerna.
(c) Nobelpriset i litteratur r strre n de andra prisen.
216 217
S WEDISH
wHICH LINE SHOULD I r AKE?
linje (-n, -r) l i ns byta tg change trams
~ra (.ar, -ade, -at) tel l bnder peasants
det gr bra att . it i s possible to ... passerla (-ar, -ade, -at) pass
ag (.en, -ar) parliament vanligt common, usua!
g av get off
' ~ng (~n> -ar) viking vara med och bestmma take part
(~t, .t)) (hist.) thing
In decision making
Rtt eller fel?
~a ( ~r, -ade, -at) vote
stlinlng ( en ar) position
'~ mani tattla (-ar, -ade, -at) livegen (livegna) sert, serfs
summon gla (-er, -de, -t) own
(a) John kan inte ka med tunnelbanan. .....:. fithetshjtt/e (-en, -ar) champion verskott (wt) surplus
(5) Det finns ingen hllplats vid Riksdagshuset. '-".:":s ;; of iiberty avskaffa (-ar, -ade, -at) abolish
(c) I nga tunnelbanetg frn S:t Eriksplan passerar Gamla stan.
unique erstta (erstter, ersatte, ersatt)
nd (~t, -0) here: estate
replace
nobility infra (infr, infrde, infrt)
Samtal
prste r
clsr'gy introduce
borgare burghers
John and ke have met up at Riksdagshuset and are waiting for the
guided tour.
frtt eller fel?
John Kan du bertta lite om den svenska riksdagen, Hur gammal , Ig) Den svenska riksdagen ar gammal.
r den?
' ". '(5) De flesta svenska bnder arbetade fr andra.
ke Det r svrt att sga, Vikingarna hade ju sina ting, dr alla (c) Sverige infrde en tv-kammarriksdag som i England r 1970.
fria mhn fick rsta, men man brukar rkna r 1485 som det
r d den frsta svenska riksdagen sammankallades av den
svenske frihetshjlten Engelbrekt. Det unika med den var att Vad ni behver veta
folket representerades av fyra stnd: adel, prster, borgare
och bnder. I andra lnder var det inte vanligt att bnder f
ick Tunnelbanan You can travel throughout Stockholm county for a
vara med och bestmma, men i Sverige hade bnderna en
jairly modest sum by means of tunnelbanan (the underground),
mycket stark stllning till lngt in p 1900-talet.
buses, local trains and trams on the same ticket for one hour. The
John Var de inte livegna?
ke Nej , de flesta svenska bnderna gde sin jord.
entrances to the underground stations are marked with a blue T on a
white background, If you buy casji coupons at the start of your jour
John r det verkligen sant?
ke Ja, nu r de bara 3,5% av befolkningen, men de producerar
ney there are no discounts available, so it is advisable to buy discount
coupons. Pensionera and young people under 18 get them at a reduced
mer n vad landet behver, s verskottet exporteras.
price. They can also purchase tourist cards at a discount. These are
John Nr avskaflades stndsriksdagen?
ke r 1866. Den ersattes med en tv-kammarriksdag ungefr
valid either for 24 or 72 hours for an unlimited number of journeys
en all SL's (Storstockholms Lokaltrafi k) routes, throughout the
som i England, men r 1970 infrdes en en-kammarriksdag.
whole of Greater Stockholm. The three-day card also includes free
John r det verkligen bttre?
ke De f lesta tycker nog det.
admission to some tourist attractions. Don't neglect to look at the
world's longest art exhibition the decorations in the underground
stations in Stockholm!
~kttttaen The oldest open-air museum in the world, with old build
from all over Sweden, old crafts, an aquarium, a Nordic zoo, etc.
+ favourite place for Stockholmers.
218
219
SWEDISH WHICH LI IV E SHOLILD I TAKE 7
Kultur The arts are well supported in Sweden, both by the people
Grammatik
and the state. You have the opportunity to see first class perfar
mances bath af operas, plays, ballets and concerts. Sweden has pra
duced such opera stars as Jenny Lind, Jussi Bjrling, Birgit Nilsson
and Elisabeth Sderstrm. Actors like Greta Garbo, Ingrid Bergman
j Verbs endingin-s
and Max von Sydow need no introduction, and when it comes to direc
tion Ingmar Bergman is in a class of his own. "- ;. The mast important graup of verbs that end in -s are the ordinary verbs
:, that have an s added to their endings to express the passive voice.
Folkparker There are also performances of a less elitist kind,
Stockholm has 30 open air stages for all kinds of popular events, like
'
. Campare the two sentences:
pop concerts or fringe theatre performances. There is also a large
Active voice Tj v en stal il en. The t hi ef stole the car.
number of folkparker all over the country. People go there to dance
( subj e bj ect )
and to enjoy performances of various kinds. Popular singers, musi
Passive voice Bilen stals av tjuven. The car was stolen by the
cians and other artists tour the country during the summer, perform
(subject) (ag ent ) t hi ej ,
ing light-hearted comedies rather than serious theatre, They are very
Bilen stals The car was stolen.
dear to the people of Sweden.
In the active voice, the subject is active and carries out the action that
the verb describes. In the passive voice, the object of the active clause
becomes the subject, and the active voice subject is not mentioned or, if
S hr sger man
the subject is known, the subject, becomes the agent.
. The preposition of the agent is av in Swedish (by in English). In
Swedish there are three ways of expressing the passive voice. The -s
Haw to:
passive is the most common. It is used both in the written and the spo
enquire about things ken language, especiaiiy when the subject of the sentence is not known
or it is not important to identify the person who carries out the action.
Var snll och tala om fr mig Please tell me. . .
In this unit we have had many examples of the -s passive, for example;
Kan du bertta lite om...? Can you tell me a little about .. !
Hur gammaVstor r...? Hou old!large is... ~ Riksdagen sammankallades av The parliament was summoned
Engelbrekt. by Engelbrekt.
express surprise
Folket representeras av valda The people are represented by
r det verkligen sant? Isit really true~ mn och kvinnor. elected men and women.
Sger du det! Is that so! De sm partierna slpps inte in The small parties are not
i riksdagen, admi tted i nto the parliament.
express uncertainty
Det r svrt att sga It's di fficult to say.
Passive constructions are particularly comrnon in instructions and
r det inte besvrligt.. . ?
aotices:
I sn'tit di fficult. . . ~
r det verklig en bttre...? Is i t really better.. . l ppnas hr! Open here!
Jag r inte s sker p det. I'm n.ot so sure of that.
Br tillagas inom 24 timmar. Shoul d be cooked within 24 hours.
Jag vet inte. Idon't knou. Fr ej vidrrasI Must not be touched!
A small number of verbs always end in -s. You have already met fattas
det fattas ett glas (a glass is missing) in Unit 8. Other common
220 221
S I/I/ED ISH
PVHICM LIIVE SHOULD I TAKE?
such verbs are: andas (breathe), finnas (be, exist), hoppas (hope) ' ~ gnglish, the sentence he kissed his wife is ambiguous. It could
lyckas (succeed, man age), minnas (remembe r), skmmas (feei
' :...'"'. ~ he ki ssed his own wife, which is all very well, but it could also
ashamed), trivas (6e/feel happy). mean he kissed another man's wife, which could give rise to serious
~uble, even though grammatically it is not objectionable! Like the
A third group of verbs have an -s form which denotes reciprocal action
~r Scandinavian languages, Swedish has a subtle way of avoiding
i.e. what two or more people do with or to each other;
risk of mi sunderstanding by using different words, Hans,
De mttes i Paris. They met (each other)in Paris, ~e s , dess, deras is used when the object belongs to some other
Pojkarna slss. The boys fight (with each other/.
psttson/s than the subject, whereas sin, sitt, sina means that the
De skildes. They parted (from each other).
sltlect is the sublect s own,
Normally but not always these verbs also have a form without t)te Note that two conditions must be fulfilled when you use sin/sitt/sina:
-s. Then the same thing can be expressed by the verb + varandra. for
You can only use sin/sitt/sina in front of an object.
oxample:
The object must belong to the subject of that same clause.
De mtte varandra i Paris. They met each other in Paris.
drom this it follows that you can never use sin/sitt/sina as part of the
Pojkarna slr varandra. The boye fight uith each other.
subject, hcwever many words the subject consists of. Nor can you use
Other reciproca! verbs are: hjlpas t (help each utber), kramas sin/sitt/sina in front of an object if det was the subject of the clause
(hug), kyssas ikiee), ses (met), trffas imeet). (since det cannot own anything!), apart from in a few old idioms.
The -s forms are very simple to construct, You just add an -s to the Note also that in abbreviated clauses without a subject it i s t he
other endings of the verb i n t he i nfi ni t i ve, past tense and supino. imphed subject that counts. Study the examples below;
However, before adding the -s in the present tense you have to omit
Lisa gick ut med sin hund. Lisa went out urith her own dog.
the -r in the -ar ending of the first conjugation verbs. In the second
Lisa gick ut med hennes hund. Li sa went out with her (some
and fourth conjugations the -er is omitted. (In formal style, the e is
other female's) dog.
kept, and only the -r is omitted.) In the third conjugation you omit the
Han tycker om sin fru. He likes his wi fe.
-r before adding the -s in the present tense. Study the table below.
Hans fru r vacker. His wi fe is 6eauti ful.
(Noter Hans fru is the subject, and there is no object in the clause.)
Conjugation Infinitive Present Past Supine
Lisa och Eva hatar sina lxor. Li s a and Eva hate their
I hake baka/s baka/s bakade/s bakat/s
Ila tum vnda/s vnd/s vnde/s vnt/s
homew ork,
llb Fry steka/e stek/e stekte/s stekt/e De tycker, att deras lxor r They t hink that their homeu ork
i ll sew sy/s sy/e sydde/e sytt/s
svra. is di fft,cult.
lV write skriva/s skriv/s skrev/e skrivit/s
UVoter Deras lxor is the subject of the subordinate clause,)
Det r hans far som har gett It i s bi s father u ho has gi ven
2 Si n, si tt, sina honom bilen, him the car.
In Unit 8 we looked at possessive adjectives and pronouns, and in the
Votet Det is the subject of the clause.)
third person singular and plural it was mentioned that Swedish also Han sa till henne att g hem He t ol d her to go home to her
has a reflexive form, namely sin in front of en- nouns, sitt in front of till sin mamma, mum.
ett- nouns and sina in front of plural nouns.
OVote; The implied subject of the abbreviated clause is she. The full
222 223
S WEDISH WHICH LINE SHOULD I TAKE7
clause would be: He told her that she should go home to her mum,)
Swedish has the special form sig. Look at the examples below:
Kungen delade /sjlv/ ut The King banded out the prizes
3 Adj ecti ves referring to maies ending in -e priserna. (hi msel f).
gamet gjorde det /aHdeles sjlvt/. The child did it (all by i tsel f),
When referring to males the agectives in the deflnite form singular g5nderna gde/sjlva/ sin jord. The peasants owned their land
(i.e. after den) sometimes ende in e (instead of the usual a), as it (themsel ves).
always did in the past. Nowadays the -e ending is used in more for
mal style, but it is normal and more polite to use it when address
. -'pqredish also has the adjective qjlva which does not take any end
except when it refers to a male person in the singular, when it
ing men in letters, e.g. Kre John (Dear John). It is compulsory
when you use adjectives in the singular used as nouns refemng to a
can have the optional form tjlve. The colloquial form sjlvaste can
male person: Karl den store (Charlemagne), den dde (the dead
hs used about both males and females. Note that these adjectives pre
cade a noun in the definite form:
man), den gamle (the old man),
lf the adjective had an -a ending, it could only refer to a female. Thus,
Sjlva drottningen kom till
invigningen.
den dda could only mean the dead woman.
Sjlva idn var sund.
Sjlve kungen skt lgen.
4 Adj ectives used as nouns
It is much more common to use a@ectives as nouns in Swedish than
vningar
in English, where you normally have to add a word like one, man, or
thing in the singular. However, in the plural it is common in both
1' '
English and Swedish to omit the noun:
Here are some famous sights in Stockholm that you want to visit.
You approach a Stockholmer for advice about how to get to the
den dve the deaf man
various places. The best vi ew over St ockholm i s f r om
den dva the deaf woman Kaknstornet, the tallest building in Scandinavia,
D et sorgliga r att ... The sad thing is that.. .
Rosorna r vackra. Vill du ha The roses are beauti ful, D o you
You (Ask pol i tely how to get there from T-centralen.)
Maanen Ta buss nummer 69.
den rda eller den vita? uIant the red one or the white
one>
You (Ask what is the quickest way to get to Skansen from
de gamla the old
Norrm almstorg)
de f the few
Mannen Ta sprvagnen. Den stannar just utanfr Skansen.
de duktiga the elever ones
You (Ask where Kulturhuset is.)
Mannen Det ligger vid Sergels torg, dr glasobelisken str mitt
p torget.
Sjlv, sjlvt, sjlva
You (Ask what is the easiest way to get to Sergels torg from
Kungstrdgrden.)
The pronouns sjlv/sjlvt/sjlva are only used for emphasis. Thus Mannen Det r lttast att g. Det tar bara fem minuter om
they could be omitted without any change to the meaning of the sen man gr Hamngatan rakt fram.
tence. Note that they are not reflexive. As you saw earlier in Unit 10, You (Ask how you can get to the theatre at Drottningholms
grammar point 9, the reflexive pronouns are identical with the object slott.)
pronouns, apart from in the third person singular and plural where
224
225
ASIL
SIVEOISH WHICH LI I VE SHOULD I TA KE?
t The Royal Palace at Stockholm en en Ta bt en f r n st adshuset. Man kan komma dit med
2 below: The Orottningholm Court Theatre
tunnelbanan till Brommaplan och sedan buss, men det
r mycket trevligare tned bten.
T~nt ralen (tunnelbaneoentratenj undergrour/d station
sprvagn l-en, -ar) f r am
g You are interested in going to the Opera. You phone the Opera.
You (Ask u/bich opera is on (do you play').)
Kassrskan Vi spelar Maskeradbalen, Un ballo in Maschera, av
((
Verdi.
ja%. ; ii
ti'
You (Ask u/hat the story is about (handlar om).)
," I I > t I I I g
Kassrskan Den handl ar om den svenske kungen Gustav I I I
som blev skj uten hr p operan i St ockholm r
1792.
You (Ask u/hen the opera starts and. ends.)
Kassrskan Den brjar klockan 19.30 och slutar 22.30.
You Oou deci de to go. Ask for tu/o ti ckets.)
Kassrskan Tack. Det blir 500 kronor.
You (Ask i f you can pay by credi t card.)
Kassrskan Det gr bra.
skjuten shot
8 Mr St acey has got a ticket to the famous Royal Opera. Study the
s
(/ (/ (f I~
(n <
(r(> /(~
0/(
3 The Kaknstomet
4 The Sergel's Torg glass obelisk
226

227
S WEDISH IVHIDH LINE SHOUL D I TA KE?
ticket and answer the following questions in English.
(a) Vilken opera och vilken dag har han ftt bi)ett till?
Huslry
Hhaa Saray Csnuum
(b) Nr brjar frestllningen?
I
ndsryds Shrahus
(c) Vad kostar biljetten?
hr sans
(d) Vilken drr ska han g igenom och var ska han sitta? Ousua
(e) Vad hnder om han kommer fr sent?
Surna Csnrrum
Sunrayauda
Csnuum vnlsssasrsr
(f) Vad hnder om han inte kan g den kvllen?
ummn yhmm Sassn
j
drr (wn, wr) door Inslpp admission
>+~ %' f ~r~t ~ & J ~ E t
parkett st ails terlaee is redeemed
bnk (mn, -ar) royy
4 Insert the correct form of the most suitable -s verb in the sen
S= "
tences below. Make sure that you use the correct tense. Use the
verbs below. To help you, the Roman numbers indicate the conju
e Oullsmmslan
Srmrnmmnna
ys
t aaraleru -~
gations. uhhy Gam Enaaads Qrd
J
+
Snannsrhyhidan
Example: (vidrra. II) De elektriska ledningarna fr ej vidrras.
Fruanang
~n+
- ~v
(The electric wires must not be touched.)
Suadmyrs
P
Sandsasr
sturaud
aI
frbruka, I (consume)
~C
Sandhasn
hoppas I +
Hdaran
kyssa IIb gt
hasssd
lyckas, I
minnas, IIa
trea, I
skmmas, IIa
stryka, IV (i r on)
sy, III (sew)
1'fONi
'it Istti'-. eka'saa meesar
slja, IV (sell) fr,saii.
anka
vnda, IIa (tum)
4$4
Helt
( a) Skjortan behver ej,,. . . , , .
pris
(b) Kotletterna mste... , . . . efter halva tiden.
II
(c) Jag fick.. . . . . . fr jag kunde inte... . . , . hans namn,
(d) De.. . . . . . ofta nr de gick i skolan.
-4~
(e) Cigaretter fr ej.. . . . . . till barn.
Klderna har.. . . . . . i Indien.
(g) Medicinen br... . . . . fre den 1.10.98.
(h) John.. . , . . . att ke skulle.. . . . . . f biljetter.
'Sbs taxebesttnIneleer
(i) De. . . , . . . nr ingen sg dem.
228 229
S WEDISH
I VHICH LIIVE SHOULD I TAKE?
ke and John have been visiting one of ke's friends at Stockholm
summerhouse at Dalar by the coast southeast of Stockholm. You
University. They have decided to go to a tennis match at Globen
have decided to hire a car and drive yourself so you can see some
Arena in Stockholm. John has been sent ahead to buy a strip of 20
thing of the countryside, You go to a bi l uthyrnings5rma.
discount coupons for the Underground, as their three-day Tourist
Complete your part of the dialogue,
cards have run out, and they have only one day left. Study the
underground plan and answer the questions that follow.
You (Greet the manager and say that you would like
to hirs a car.)
(a) Kan de ka direkt till Globen eller mste de byta tg?
Frestndaren Vi l l ni ha en liten, mellanstor eller stor bil?
(b) Vid vilka stationer kan de byta tg?
You (Say that you would like a medium-sized car
(c) Vilket r det tg de mste ta frst?
wi th automatic gears.)
(d) Vilket r det tg som gr till Globen?
Frestndaren Hur l nge vill ni ha bilen?
(e) SL har fem trafikzoner. Man behver 2 kuponger per person
You (Say you want it ouer the weekend and ask how
fr att resa i en zon, 3 kuponger fT'att resa i tv zoner osv.
much it is,)
Hur mnga kuponger per person mste pojkarna stmpla i
Frestndaren D kan ni f en SAAB 900. Vi har specialpris
biljettautomaten innan de gr ver den rutade sprrlinjen?
tr veckoslut. Den kostar 500 kronor. Kan jag
f se krkortet och passet, tack.
stmpla st amp
(Say you uIant compreheneihIe ineurance and
blllettautomaten the ticket machine
den rutade sprrllnlen the chequered
ask how much the deposit is.)
barrier iine
Frestndaren Hel frskring ingr i priset. Om ni betalar med
kreditkort behver ni i nt e bet al a ngon
deponeringsavgift.
Complete the text using one of the following words: hans/hennes/
deras/sin/sitt/sina.
You (Say Thank you, that e all right,)
ke lnade ....... mors bil nr han skulle ka fr att hlsa p ....... automatlda automatic gears
vn Kerstin. ....... mors bil r ganska gammal, men,...,., mor
veckoslut weekend
tycker mycket om,...,.. bil. Hon kpte den fr ....... egna pengar,
helfrskrlng comprehensive insurance
deponerlngsavglft deposit
och den har varit ,....,. stora frtjusning (delight). Hon anvnder
den varje dag nr hon kr till ,..., arbete och nr hon kr pojkar
na till ....... idrottsklubb. Tyvrr blev,...,., mors bil stulen. Ake vet
inte hur han ska tala om fr ....... mor att ...,... bil r stulen och att
Frstr du?
hon frmodligen aldrig fr se ....... bil igen.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives used
as nouns. The first three refer to males and the last two to females.
Sverige r en monarki, men kungen har inte lngre ngon makt.
(a) (blind) Den... , . . . hade en hund med sig.
Han har bara ceremoniella funktioner, Han fr inte delta i poli
(b) (rdhrig) Den... , . . . kallades Erik Rde.
tiken, r 1979 bestmdes det att det ldsta barnet i kungafamiljen
(c) (yngst) Den... . . . . fick arbetet.
ska rva tronen, s prinsessan Victoria kommer att, eftertrda kung
(d) (sjuk) Den... . . . . blev smre.
Carl XVI Gustaf, Makten ligger hos riksdagen med dess 349 riks
(e) (liten) Den... , . . . var den trevligaste,
dagsledamter,
You have been invited to spend the weekend with friends at their
Regeringen ska se till att vad ri ksdagen bestmmer blir gjort.
230
231
S vvED/SH
Statsministern r ledare fr regeringen, Folket kallas till ri ks
dagsval den tredje sndagen i september vart tredje r. Alla svens
ka medborgare som r 18 r eller ldre har rtt att rsta, och
rstrtten utnyttjas vanligtvis av omkring 90% av befolkningen, ett
mycket hgt tal, Invandrare som har bott i Sverige i minst tre r
VAD R DET FR FEL
fr rsta i de lokala valen, men inte i riksdagsvalen frrn de blivit
svenska medborgare.
P ER?
Den frsta ombudsmannen utnmndes av riksdagen redan r
What's the
matters
1809. Vem som helst kan vnda sig tiH honom med ett klagoml.
Han ska skydda individen mot orttvis behandling av ngon stats
tjnsteman eller ngon byrkratisk institution. Nufrtiden har
Sverige mnga olika ombudsmn, t ex KO (Konsumentombuds
mannen), PO (Pressombudsmannen), BO (Barnombudsmannen),
Mnga lnder har fljt Sveriges exempel och utnmnt sina egna
ombudsmn,
In this unit you wili iesrn
monarki (-n, wr) monarchy ledare (-n, A) ieader
makt (-en, -er) power val (wt, -0) ei ection
how to describe symptoms of illnesses and ailments
ceremoniella funktioner rtt att rsta the right to vote how to persuade somebody to do som ething
ceremoniai functions utnyttj/a (-ar, -ade, -at) exercise how to promise to do something
del/ta(ga) (-tar, -tog, -tagit) take tal (-et, -0) number
how to express indifference
part ombudsman (-nen, ombudsmn)
politik (wn) poi itics, poiicy representative of the peopie
rv/a (-er, 4e, -t) inherit utnmn/a (wr, -de, -t) appoint
tron (-en, er) throne klagoml (W, %) compiaint
skydd/a (-ar, -ade, -at) protect
Samtal
eftertrd/a (-er, -de, eftertrtt)
succeed individ (en, er) individual
riksdagsledamot (-en, -ledamter) orttvis behandling unfair
member of pariiament treatment
John has got an upset stomach while in Stockholm, ke takes him to
regering (-en, -ar) government statstjnsteman (-nen, statstjn
a vrdcentral (health centre). The doctor's secretary asks for his
statsmin/eter (-n, -ministrar) stemn) civil servant personnummer (social security number) and hi s patientkort
prima minister konsument (-en, mr) consumer
(patient's card). As he is British he hasn't got any of these, but he
does have his passport and the E111 form, so he is all right.
The doctor comes in and examines John's tummy.
Rtt eller fel?
Doktor Ek Har ni eller har ni haft ngon allvarlig sjukdom?
(a) Kungen spelar en viktig roll i politiken. John Nej d, bara msslingen fr lnge sedan.
(b) Sverige har riksdagsval vart tredje r. Doktor Ek Gr det ont?
(c) I nvandrare fr rsta i de lokala valen efter tre r i Sverige. John Int e sr skilt.
(d) Ombudsmannen r en mycket modern institution. Doktor Ek Det r i varje fall inte blindtarmsinflammation. Det r
nog ngot ni har tit. Nr brjade ni m illa?
232
233
S WEOISH
WHA T'S THE h/A TTER?
John Igr kvll, ett par timmar efter middagen. Jag r ocks
Anders Jag ringde efter doktorn. Han r upptagen just nu, m en
ls i magen,
han kommer om ett par timmar.
Doktor Ek Vad t ni?
John Fisk och glass till efterrtt.
Aber a couple of hours the doctor amves.
Doktor Ek I d en hr vrmen blir inaten skmd mycket fort. Ta Doktorn Goddag, fru Svensson. Vad r det fr fel p er?
det hr receptet till apoteket. Ta tv teskedar av Uga Jag har en frf rlig huvudvrk och det vrker i hela krop
medicinen tre gnger om dagen och drick mycket, men pen. Jag har hosta och ont i halsen ocks.
inget stt och i ngen mjlk. Kom i hg, hgst tta Doktorn Jag mste lyssna p lungorna och titta i halsen. Sg ah!
teskedar om dygnet det r farligt att verskrida Ulla Aaah.
dosen, Doktorn Det r inte lunginflammation. Det r nog inte s farligt.
Tack s mycket. Ni har influensa, som s mnga andra just nu. Det gr
ver om ngra dagar. Ta de hr tabletterna fyra gnger
allvarlig seri ous dierrhoes om dagen. De ska lsas i ett glas kallt vatten. Hr r lite
sjukdom (en, -ar) il l ness vrme (-n) heat hostmedicin ocks, Kom till min mottagning om en vecka.
mssling (en) (t he) meas/es maten blir skmd the food goes
Ulla Tack, doktorn.
f r.. . sedan ago off
gr det ont? doesit hurt? recept (-et, -0) prescription, recipe
i varje fall in any esse apotek (-et, -0) pharmacy, chemist sjuk i l l det vrker i hela kroppen my
bithdtarmsinflammation (-en, -er) tesked (wn, -ar) teaspoon blek pal e who/e body aches
appendicitis hget at most usch ugh, ooh host/a (-n) cough
m hla feel sick att verskrida dosen to exceed jag mr s ia i feel so sick ont i halsen a sore throat
jag r ls i magen I have the dose g till sngs go to bed lyssn!a (-ar, -ade, -at) li sten
ta temperaturen take one's lungla (-an, -or) lung
temperatur e hals (-en, -ar) throat
Rtt eller fel?
jag bryr mig inte om... I don' t lunginflammation (-en, mr)
care about... pneumonia
(a) Doktorn tror att John har blindtarmsinflammation.
feber (-n) lever influensa (-n) flu
(6) John fick ont i magen ngra timmar efter middagen igr kvll.
upptagen busy, engaged g ver pass
Vad r det fr fel p er? what's tablett (wn, wr) tablet
(c) Mat blir fort skmd nr det r varmt vder.
the matter? lsla (~r, -te, -t) di ssolve
frfrlig terrible mottagning (en, -ar) surgery
huvudvrk (mn) headache
Samtal
Rtt eller fel?
Ulla is unwell and Anders is concerned.
(a) Ul l a vill inte ta frukost
Anders r du sjuk? Du ser blek ut.
(6) Doktorn kommer genast.
Ulla Usch, ja, Jag mr s illa.
(c) Doktorn tror, att Ulla snart blir bra igen.
Anders G till sngs och ta temperaturen s ska jag laga frukost
t dig.
Ulla Tack, men jag bryr mig inte om ngon frukost. Jag vill
bara ha ngot att dricka,
- -
0, jag har 39,2 i feber!
234
235
S WEDISH
'HA T'S THE MA T TER t
Samtal
Hospital in-patient treatment is free, including medicines, and so is
dental treatment for children. But if you have to visit a doctor, make
sure that the doctor is affiliated to Frskringskassan (the Swedish
Lasse has suddenly got a bad toothache. Ulla takes him to the dentist, national Health Service), You can also go to the casualty ward at the
Lasse Aj, det gr ont!
hospital, the Akutmottagning, or Vrdcentralen (Health Care
Tandlkaren Vi l l du att jag ska dra ut tanden?
(;entre). Don't forget your passport and an E111 form so that the doc
Lasse Det gr detsamma.
tor can recover the fee from Frskringskassan.
Tandlkaren nej, vi ska nog frska rdda den. Men du borde The British Department of Health cannot refund any medical costs
sluta att ta s mycket godis, och du skulle borsta incurred abroad, so medical insurance is advisable.
tnderna lite noggrannare. De tnderna som du vill
Apotek Pharmacies or chemists' are called Apotek. They dispense
behlla mste du borsta extra noggrant.
Lasse Jag lovar att borsta alla tnderna varje dag, och jag
prescriptions and stock over-the-counter medicines.
ska aldrig mera ta godis.
The welfare system
Swedes enjoy a social welfare system, Vlfrdsstaten, that stretches
all ow/ ouch/ godla (wt) sweets
from the cradle to the grave. When a baby is bom, the parents are
det gr ont it hurts boret/a (-ar, -ade, -at) brush
entitled to share a total of 12 months' paid leave from work, and it is
dra (-r, drog, dragit) ut extract noggrann (noggrant, noggranna)
tand (wn, tnder) tooth carefu/
the parents not the employer who decide who should take the
det gr detsamma ft doesn't mat behll/a (wr, behll, behllit) leave. Thus the parents could decide to take six months each, either
ter, I don't care keep together or consecutively, or both parents stay at home with the baby
rdd/a (-ar, -ade, -at) save lov/a (-ar, -ade, -at) promise
for the first three months and then the mother or the father looks
aber the baby for the remaining months. The greater part of the costs
Rtt eller fel?
of medical care and prescribed medicines is subsidised by the
state, Old-age pensions are indexed to the cost of living. Average life
(a) Lasse bryr sig inte om om tandlkaren drar ut tanden.
expectancy is high and ri sing, about 75 years for men and 81
(b) Tandlkaren vill inte rdda tanden.
for women.
(c) Lasse lovar att aldrig mera ta godis.
Vad ni behver veta
Iljness and injury
Frskringskassan If you are taken ill in Sweden and are a British
subject resident in the UK, you will be entitled to the same medical
facilities as the Swedes. However, this agreement does not apply to
citizens of the USA or the Commonwealth countries with the excep
tion of Australia, so you should check your insurance cover before
leaving home,
236
237--
S WEDISH
WHA T'S THE I/IA TTER >
S hr sger man
How to;
6
describe illnesses and ailments 9
10
Jag har ont i huvudet/ryggen. I've a pain in m y headlback.
Jag har tandvrk/ronvrk. I've got t oothache/earache
14
Det gr ont i benet. My teg hurts.
Det vrker i ryggen. My back aches.
Jag r frkyld. I've got a cold.
persuade somebody to do something
Du skulle borsta tnderna You should brush your teeth
17
noggrannare, rnore carefully.
24
Du borde sluta ta godis. You ought to stop eati ng stveets.
promise to do som ething
Jag lovar att aldrig ta godis. I pr omi se never to eat stveets.
Jag lovar att sluta rka. I promise to stop smoking.
express indifference 'l8
Jag bryr mig inte om... I don't care about. . .
Det gr detsamma. It doesn't matter.
1 huvud (-et, -en) 14 brst (-et, -0)
2 an si kte (-t, -n) 15 mag/e (-en, -ar)
3 pann/a (-an, -or) 16 stjrt (-en, -ar) Some illnesses and ailments not mentioned in the dialogues are:
4 g l a (-at, -on) 17 hft (-en, -er) frkylning (cord), halsfluss (tonsillitis), migrn (migraine), hsnu
5 r / a (-at, -on) 18 ben (-et, -0)
va (hayfever), sockersjuka (diabetes), kgrtattack (heart attack),
6 n s/a (-an, -or) 19 kn (- (e)t, -n)
7 mun (-nen, -nar)
bjrnbldning (stroke),
20 fot (-en, ftter)
8 k i nd (-en, -er)
21 t (-n, -r)
Some common phrases:
9 hak/a (-an, -or) 22 arm (-en, -ar)
10 hals (-en, -ar) 23 armbg/e (-en, -ar)
11 nack/e (-en, -ar) 24 hand (-en, hnder) Jag har feber. I have a fever.
12 axel (-n, axlar) 25 fi nger (fingret, fingrar)
Jag knner mig frisk/sjuk/yr/matt. I feel welt//ll/dizzylfaint.
13 rygg (-en, -ar)
26 turnm/e (-en, -ar)
Jag har hgt/lgt/blodtryck. I have high/!ow blood pressure,
Jag r allergisk mot fisk/ost. I am allergic to fish/cheese.
Han r medvetsls. He is unconscious.
Hon blder. She is bleeding.
Note: The word ben denotes both teg and bone, but it is always obvi
239
SW'EOISH
wHA r S THE MA TTER?
ous from the context what the word means. Brst denotes chest and
en bakad kaka den bakade kakan kakan r bakad
breast. About women, brstet refers to 'the chest', brsten to the
ett bakat brod det bakade brdet brdet r bakat
breasts. Hals denotes throot (inside and outside) and nacke denotes
bakade kakor de bakade kakorna kakorna r bakade
back ofthe neck.
en brnd kaka den brnda kakan kakan r brnd
ett brnt brd det branda brodet brdet r brnt
brnda brd de brnda brden brden r brnda
Grammatik
en stulen btl den stulna bilen bilen r stulen
ett stulet brev det stulna brevet brevet r stulet
stulna bilar de stulna bilarna bilarna r stulna
1 The past participle
2 Compound verbs
The past participle has the same stem as the supine, but different
endings. If you know what the supine form of a verb is, you can gener A verb that has a syllable or another word attached to it is called a
ally construct the basic past participle form. Therefore the past par compound verb. These are of two kinds. Some are inseparable, e,g,
ticiple form is not mentioned in dictionaries or vocabularies, unless it those starting with an-, be-, er-, fr-, miss-, und-, van- for example:
deviates from the normal pattern. betala (pay). Others are separable, i,e, the attached word can stand
apart from the verb, e,g, knnaigen (recogni se). However, in the pre
Whereas the supine never changes its form, the past participle has
sent partici ple and past participle forms the separable verbs become
different endings depending on which conjugation the verb belongs to.
inseparable, for example:
These endings change in a similar way to adjective endings, depend
ing on whether the noun that it refers to is an ea- word, an ett- word
Alla tycker om henne. Everybody likes her.
or a word in the plural or definite form. Study the table of endings
but
below,
Hon r omtyckt. She is well liked.
Han blev igenknd. He was recognised.
Suplne Past Partlclples
ett igenknnande leende a smile of recogni tion
en-words ett- words
plural and def,
forms
Conj.i
3 Passive voice formed ~ith bli or vara
hrked bakat bakad bakat bakade
Conj.ila
When talking about the -s passive in Unit 15, it was mentioned that
bumt brnt brnd brnt brnda
Conj.llb
there were two more ways of forming the passive voice in Swedish.
friad stekt stekt stekt stekta
For these the past participle is needed. As in English, the past partici
Conj.lll ple can be used after a form of the verb to be to form the passive voice,
betteved trott trodd trott trodda for example:
Conj.IV
stolen stulit stulen stulet stulna
Kotletten r grillad. The chopis grilled.
As you can see, it is mainly the plural and definite form of the first
However, the passive form with vara + past participle is not very
conjugation past participle that deviates by ending in an e. The other
common in Swedish. It is only used when no action takes place. It
conjugations conform with the variations of the normal pattern for
denotes a state, a condition or the result of an action, but not the hap
adjective endings. Look at the examples below:
pening itself.
240
241
SWEDISH
WHAT' S THE MATTER?
As far as meaning is concerned, both the -s passive and the passive vninna female friend sjukskterska nurse
with bli + past participle describe an action, i.e. denote a change, danss femal e dancer masss masseuse
The difference between passive with bli and passive with vara is ~ese days it is not politically correct to use different words for males
clearly visible in the following example. In English the sentence the and females doing the same work, so a female teacher or author
car was stolen is ambiguous. It can be translated into Swedish in two should be called lrare and frfattare respectively, though you will
ways: see the special female forms in texts written not too many years ago.
A male nurse is called a sjukskterska. Tit!es like kejsarinna, her
Bi len lev stulen nr jag (if it describes that the the'
var i London, occured while I was away)
tlginna (duchess) remain, but the words indicating wives of profes
sional men are not used nowadays.
Bi len var stulen nr jag (if it describes that the theft
kom hem. had already occured by the
time I returned)
End article in Swedish possessi ve adj e
cti in English
4 Doktor/lkare sjukhus/lasarett hospital/
A feature of the Scandinavian languages is that they use the definite
mentalsjukhus
form of nouns denoting parts of the body or clothing where English
exam ple:
There are two words for doctor: doktor and lkare as in lkarmot
uses a possessive adjective, for
tagning (doctor's surgery), lkarunderskning (doctor's examina John har ont i magen. John has a paini n his stom ach,
tion), jourhavande Ihkare (doctor on call). However, you always Doktorn tittar i halsen. The doctor examines ber throat.
address the doctor as doktorn or doktor + his surname, e.g. doktor Han skakade p huvudet. He shook his head.
Ek A sjukskterska (nurse) even an avdelningsfrestndare Hon tappade nsduken, She lost ber handkerchief.
(sister) is addressed as syster + her first nam e, e.g. syster Karin. Han hade handen i fickan He had his hand in his pocket.
There are also two words for hospital, sjukhus and lasarett, both
denote general hospital. The old word hospital was only used about
7 Till followed by words ending in -s
mental hospitals nowadays called mentalsjukhus so do make
sure you end up in the right place should you have the misfortune to There are a number of set expressions with till where the fo!lowing
fall ill in Sweden! noun always ends in -s. These are expressions which have survived
from the past:
5 Kvi nna/doktorinna/lrarinna studentska/
G/ligga till sngs. Go to/Be in bed
Sitta till bords. Sit at the table.
sjukskterska danss
G till sjss/havs. Go to sea.
There are some endings which always denote females; -irma, -ska,
tillsammans together
os:
kvinna woman studentska female student
8 Interjections
doktorinna doctor's wi fe skdespelerska actress
kejsarinna empr ess stderska female cleaner
Interjections are words that express strong emotion, Apart from the
lrarinna female teacher sngerska female singer
swearwords the fol!owing groups are particularly common:
Srfattarinna authoress damfrisrska female hairdresser
242 . -- 243-
S WEDISH WHA r's THE MA TTER?
Expressions of pain: Aj! 0!
Aj, det gr ont! Ow, that hurts!
Expressions of surprise: Oj ! OI Oh dear!
Expressions of pleasant surprise: !
.

, s vackert! Oh, how nice!
Expressionsofdisgust: Usch! Fy! Hu! Usch,shemskt! Ugh,
howaw full
Om dagen, i veckan
In expressions of frequency Swedish uses the preposition om without
any equivalent in English i n the following expressions denoting
repeated actions:
en gng om dagen once a day
fyra gnger om dygnet four times in 24 hours
tv gnger om ret twice a year
In all other expressions of repeated action the preposition i is used:
en gng i sekunden once a second
tre gnger i timmen three times an hour
sex gnger i mnaden six times a month
vningar
5 6 7 8
What is wrong with these people? Match the people and the ill
2 Fi l l i n the missing past participle in the sentences below. To help
nesses and ailments!
you, the numbers indicate the verb conjugation. Kxample: Den
hemlagade maten var skmd, (The home-made food was bad.)
(a) hosta
(b) huvudvrk
(a) (grilla, I) Den. . . . . , , kycklingen var god.
(c) ms sling
(6) (steka, IIb) Det fanns bara.. . . . . . korvar.
(d) ont i magen
(c) (brnna, IIa) Vi ki ngaskeppet blev. . . . . . . .
(e) tandvrk
(d) (frsvinna, IV) Polisen fann de.. . . . . . barnen.
(f) ont i ryggen
(e) (bebo, III) Robinson Crusoe kom till en o-.. . . . . , .
(g) ronvrk
(f) (f rlova, I) Det , . . . . . . paret ska snart gifta sig.
(h) feber
(g) (stnga, IIa) Han kunde inte ppna det, .. . . . . fnstret.
(h) (kpa, IIb) De. . . . . . . kl derna var dyra.
(i) ( dri cka, IV) Den. . . , . . . mannenkunde inte st upp.
245
S wEOISH
WHAT'S THE MATTERP
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words given
Frstr du?
in brackets.
(a) (ansikte) Hon var rd i.. . , . . . ,
( b) (skor) Stt p dig. . . . . . . . Carl Linnaeus
(c) (ben) Mannen brt. . . . . . . nr han kte skidor.
(d) (mun) Lasse stoppade chokladen i.. . . . . . .
Carl von Linn, eller Carl Linnaeus som han hette fre adlandet
(e) (hatt) Pr ofessorn glmde... . , . . .
och som han fortfarande kallas utanfr Sverige, r frmodligen
den frmste och internationellt mest bermde vetenskapsman som
4 The interjections in the following exclamations have been mis
Sverige ngonsin haft.
placed. Please put them in their appropriate places.
Han fddes r 1707 som son till en fattig prst i Smland. Han
(a) Fy, vad det var roligt!
studerade medicin vid Lunds universitet. Redan r 1735 blev han
(b) Usch, s snll du r!
bermd i hela Europa d han under en vistelse i Holland publicer
(c) 0, vad det luktar illa!
ade sin epokgrande skrift SYSTEMA NATURAE. Dr ordnade
(d) Oj, ett sdant trkigt vder!
han vxterna i klasser och gav dem deras latinska namn, ett namn
(e) , vad tjock (fat) jag har blivit!
fr slktet och ett fr arten. Den frsta upplagan var bara 12 sidor
6 Answer the questions following the example. lng, men den sista upplagan den tolfte var 2 300 sidor lng,
Example: (2/dygn) Hur osa slr klockan 12? Tv gnger om Dr har han gett namn t och beskrivit omkring 15 000 vxter,
dygnet.
djur och mineraler. Ett L. efter en vxts namn i en flora visar att
Linnaeus gett vxten dess namn. I Holland publicerade han ocks
(a) (Vr) Hur ofta firar du jul?
mnga andra skrifter, bl.a. sina iakttagelser frn en resa i
(b) (4/mnad) Hur otta ker du skidor?
Lappland, De vckte stort uppseende i den akademiska vrlden.
(c) (2/dag) Hur osa borstar du tnderna?
(d) (6/vecka) Hur ofta spelar han tennis?
32 r gammal grundade Linnaeus den Kungliga Svenska
(e) (80/minut) Hur ofta slr hjrtat?
Vetenskapsakademien och han blev dess frsta president, Frn
1744 til l 1777 var han professor i m edicin i U ppsala. Han fortsatte
Q 6
You are in pain and you phone a doctor. Complete your part of
med sina forskningsresor till olika landskap i Sverige, och hans
the dialogue.
reseskildringar frn dessa r mycket bermda. Han skickade
You ( Say th at your back is aching.) ocks ut sina l rjungar ver hela vrlden, til l Ki na, Japan,
Doktor Ek Hur l nge har ni haft ont i ryggen? Arabien, Syd- och Nordamerika. Anders Sparrman och Daniel
You ( Say th at it started last night,) Solander var t,ex. med p James Cooks expeditioner, mer n 50 r
Doktor Ek Kan ni komma till min mottagning? fre Darwins expedition p HMS Beagle.
You ( Say th at you cannot. You are in bed.)
'Den moderna botanikens fader','Den andra Adam' och
Doktor Ek Har ni feber?
'Blomsterkungen' r ngra av de namn han har ftt av efter
You ( Say tha t you haven't got a temperature, but you
vrlden, och en blomma, linnean, (Linnaea Borealis) har blivit
cannot sleep because your back is aching so m uck,.)
uppkallad efter Linnaeus.
Doktor Ek Kan jag f namn och adress?
You ( Say that you are Siv Eriksson, and you are iiving
at Strandvgen 59, Malm,)
Doktor Ek Jag kommer om ungeffir en timme.
You (Say thank you to the doctor.)
246
247
S WEOISH
adlande (-t) raising to the nobility bl.a. (bland annat) among other
den frmste the foremost things, i nter alia
prst (en, er) cl ergyman, parson iakttagelse (-n, -r) obsenratton
vistelse (-n, -r) st ay uppseende (-t) sensation
epokgrande epoch-making grund/e (-ar, -ade, -at) found
skrift (en, er) publication forskningsresls (-an, er) sci entilic HAR DU LUST ATT
ordn/a (-ar, -sde, -at) arrange expedition
art (en, er) species reseskildring (en, -ar) travel
KA SKIDOR?
upplag/s (-an, -or) edition account
beskriv/a (-er, beskrev, beskrivit) Irjung/e (en, -ar) di sciple
describe eftervrlden posterity
Would you like to go skiings
vxt (-en, er) pl ant linnets (-an, -or) twinftovrer
mineral (-(i) er) mi neral uppkallad efter named alter
Rtt eller fel?
(a) Mnga tycker att Linnaeus r Sveriges frmsta vetenskapsman.
(b) Li nnaeus var professor i medicin.
(c) Li nnaeus har ftt sitt namn efter en blomma, linnean,
In this unit you will learn
how to make a telephone call
how to ask what someone wants
phr ases used in telegrams
Samtal
John, out on business for Anders' firm , has been caught in a sudden
snowstorm. He wants to telephone Anders at the office. He has only
bank notes and one en-krona coin (two are needed for a local call).
He buys a telia telefonkort (telephone card) and inserts it in a pay
phone. He dials riktnumret (the code) and then the number to the
office,
John Hall! Kan jag f anknytning 21, tack.
Vxeln Var god drj, Numret r upptaget.
John Jag vntar.
-
Anders Anders Svensson.
John Det r John. Jag har blivit insnad, s jag blir frsenad.
Jag kan inte komma frrn vgen har blivit plogad.
Anders Jas, Det har snat hr ocks, men snplogarna arbetar fr
fullt, Se till bara att du kommer s fort vgen r klar, fr
249
S WEOIS H
Irt!OULD YOU LIKE TO GO SKI I NG?
du vill vl vara med och fira Lucia i morgon?
John Hall!
John Ja, nat urligtvis. Lucia vill jag absolut inte missa.
Kerstin
Anders D sger vi det. Hej s lnge!
Hej! Det r Kerstin. Vi tnkte ka skidor i morgon. Har du
lust att flja med I
John Hej d.
John Det skulle vara roligt, men det gr nog inte.
Kerstin Varfr inte?
anknytning (-en, -ar) extension jas? really?
John
vxeln the swi tchboard snplog (-en, -ar) snow plough
Drfr att jag inte kan ka skidor.
var god drj pl ease hold on arbeta fr fullt work flat out
Kerstin Jas, men det r inte alls svrt Vi kan lra dig, och vi har
upptaget engaged se till bara see to it skidor t dig ocks. Det r klart att du ska ka skidor nr
det r John John speaking absolut def initely
du r i Sverige.
insnad /'m snow-bound miss/a (-ar, -ade, -at) miss
John
frsenad late, de/ayed
Jag fr vl gra det d.
d sger vi det agreed
plog/a (-ar, -ade, at) cl ear (of
Kerstin
hej s lngel so long! bye!
Det blir mrkt s tidigt vid den hr tiden p ret. Drfr
snow) vill vi ge oss ivg strax efter nio s vi kan vara ute hela
dagen. Det r s sknt att vara ute i friska luften.
John Vill du att jag ska ta med ngonting?
Kerstin Kan du ta med ngra smrgsar s vore det bra,
John Det kan jag, men ka skidor kan jag inte. Ni kommer sk
Kommunikation ar att kunna Talia Talsfkrnfklkrte ert att f mvcket roligt. Vi ses i morgon bitti!
skapa pa att sprak som hela
120 nlgrknngar
varldan frstar.
Vid forfragningar
ring 90 200
har du lust att... ? do yov fee/ ge oss ivg set off
like... ? Wou/dyov l ike to...? strax efter soon efter
I
I g O
kl
det skulle vara roligt it would be hel whole, a/I
, kl
fun sknt ni ce
0 I lkl,eek nokekone nlok, l O ' I'lkg
osge ologleIn'Illhl l l eoel en och det gftr inte it i sn' t possible friska luften open air
g
Inrnlen ee kok l* 'Ihogl el g el lo'olik
h o lkkl IJ e oeh kol, I on nl o
KKK9
drfr att because ta med bring
+
egofeeroge IlskorI el I frot I I I n inte alls not at a/l smrgs (-en, -ar) sandwich
ko h I I en ke, n Inl tre I knmmo" k,ll .
det r klart of course vi sesl see you!
drfr thats why
Rtt eller fel?
Rtt eller fel?
(a) John frgar Kerstin om hon vill ka skidor.
(5) John vill lra Kerstin att ka skidor.
(a) Numret r ledigt.
(c) John tror att de andra fr mycket roligt i morgon.
(b) Det ligger s mycket sn p vgen s det r omjligt att kra.
(c) John vill inte missa Lucia.
Telegram
Samtal
The Svensson family receive a telegram from their married daughter
Anne and her husband, The message is as foljows:
John receives a telephone call.
Jakob fddes klockan 0245 idag vikt 3,7 kg lngd 55 cm allt vl
Anne Hkan Annika.
250
251
S WEDISH
WOULO YOU LI KE TO GO SKI I I VG?
8
vikl weight lngd length
S hr sger man
Ulla and Anders reply with a lyxtelegram (greetings telegram). How to:
They choose Lx 4 which depicts a bunch of roses. This is the text:
make a telephone call
Hjrtliga lycknskningar! Hall! Hello!
Det ska bli roligt att se er och vrt
Var finns nrmaste Where's the nearest
nya barnbarn hr i jul telefonkiosk? telephone box?
Ulla och Anders Har ni en telefonkatalog? Have you got a telephone
ke and Lasse choose to send a
directory?
Kan jag f tala med... ? May I speak to... ?
postogram. This costs about one
Det r jag /Kerstin/John This is Kerstin/ John speaking.
tenth of the price of a telegram
Vad r (rikt) numret till . . . ? What i s the (code) nurnber
and l ooks l i k e a greet i ngs
f or... ?
telegram but is delivered as a let
Kan jag f anknytning 21? May I have extension 21?
ter, unlike a telegram, which is
Fel nummer Wrong nurnber
delivered right away. Their mes
sage is as follows: ask what, someone wants
Du vill vl vara med och, . ? You want to take part in... ,
Grattis!
don't you?
Ni fick vad ni ville
Vill du. . . ? Do you want to... ?
en fin liten kille
Har du lust att. . . ?
Morbror ke och morbror Lasse
Do you feel like... ?
Grammatik
hjrtliga lycknskningar warm gratt i s! (slang) gratulationer con
congratulations gratulations
1 Joining clausesinto one sentence
Vad ni behver veta
Please refer back to Units 1 and 5 for the basic rules about word
order.
A sentence can have several clauses, Jag har blivit insnad is a sen
TelegraSTelebutik The post office in Sweden only deals with mail,
tence. It is also a clause. Jag blir frsenad is also a sentence or a
so for telephone, faxes, telex and telegrams you have to go to a
clause. One can join two or more clauses into one sentence with the
Telegraf or Telebutik.
help of conjunctions.
Posten The full name for a post office is Postkontor, but everybody There are two kinds of conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions
calls it Posten. Post offices are indicated by a round yellow sign with
oeh/samt (and), eller (or), fr (as, because), men/utan (but), s (so)
a blue horn. Letterboxes are fixed to walls. They are yellow, except
i ntroduce m sin clauses. A mai n clause can stand al one.
those for local mail, which are blue,
Coordinating conjunctions do not affect the word order;
252 253
SwEOISH
WOLILD YOLI LI KE 7 0 GO SKI I ING?
Hon sitter och han str. She is sitting and he is
stuga i skrgrden. cottage in the archipelago.
standi ng,
(c) I skrgrden hyr de en In the archi pelago they
stuga p sommaren. rent a cottage in the summer.
The subordinating cozjunctions join subordinate clauses to main claus
(d) En stuga hyr de i A cottage they rent i n the
es, Subordinate clauses are groups of words which include a verb and
skrgrden p sommaren. archipelagoin the summer.
form part of a sentence which must include a main clause, A subordi
(e) Om de har rd, hyr de en If they can afford it, they'll rent
nate clause cannot stand alone but is dependent on the main clause.
stuga i skrgrden p a cottage in the archipelagoin
Subordinate clauses always begin with a link word which can be:
sommaren. the summer,
(a) a relative pronoun or adverb (som/vilken/vars/vadMr/dit),
The first sentence has straight word order as it starts with the sub
(b) an interrogative pronoun or adverb in indirect or reported
ject. All the following main clauses have inverted word order as they
speech (vem/vad/vilken/var/vart).
start with (b) a time adverb (p sommaren), (c) a place adverb (i
(c) a subordinating conjunction.
skrgrden), (d) the object (en stuga). In (e) the main clause has
The most common subordinating conjuctions are att (that),
inverted word order as it is preceded by a subordinate clause (Om de
d/nr (when), drfr att (because), eftersom (as, since), fast
har rd).
(n) (although), fr att (in order that), inte.
.. frrn (not...
until), innan (before), j u... desto (the... the), medan (while),
om (ifi, sedan (after), s (att) (so that), tills (until), trots att 8 Inverted word order when om is le8 out
(in spite of the fact that), n (than),
Just as in English, the conditional conjunction om (if) is sometimes
All subordinate clauses have straight word order, i.e, the subject
omitted. If that happens the word order is inverted, for example:
comes before the verb:
Om du kan ta med dig ngra If you can bri ng some
John sa att han ville hjlpa
John said that he wanted to
Ake, help ke.
smrgsar vore det bra. sandwiches it would be good.
Kan du ta med dig ngra
If you can bring some
smrgsar /s/vore det bra. sanduiches it would be good.
Word order in main ciauses
Om jag vore rik skulle jag If I wer e rich I would
sluta arbeta. stop working.
No doubt you have noticed that the word order isn't always the same
Vore jag rik skulle jag Were I rich I would stop
in Swedish and in English. It is the main clauses which are different,
sluta arbeta. working,
If something other than the subject or a coordinating conjunction
introduces a main clause, Swedish uses inverted word order, i.e. the
verb (or first verb, if there is more than one verb in the clause) comes
4 Vem som, vilken som, vad som
before the subject.
If vem, vilken or vad introduces a subordinate clause, and there is
The words that cause the changed word order are: time and place
no other subject in that clause, it must be followed by som:
adverbs, adverbial phrases and objects if they introduce a main
Han frgade vem som ringde.
He asked who phoned.
clause, or subordinate clauses if they precede a main cl ause.
Hon undrade vad som var bst. She wondered what was best.
Compare the sentences: but
(a) De hyr en stuga i
They rent a cottage in the
Han frgade vem hon ringde
He asked who she phoned,
skrgrden p sommaren. archipelago in the summer.
till.
(b) P sommaren hyr de en
In the summer they rent a
Hon undrade vad han ville.
She wondered what he wanted.
254
255
SWEDISH WOULD YOU LI KE 70 GO SKI I I VG?
5 Jas 9 The most common prepositions
Jas is a word which can express just about anything from mild sur You have already met most of the Swedish prepositions. The most
prise to disgust or scorn it aH depends on how you say it. The most common prepositions are: av (oflbylwith), efter (after), framfr (in
common translations of it is Oh, indeed, really, is that so, you don't front of), frn (from), fr (for), fr... sedan (ago), genom (through),
say! Often it is used merely to give the speaker time to think out what hos (atlat the horne of), i (inlon), med (withlby), om (aboutlin), p
to say next. (onlin!at), till (tolfor), under (underlduringlfor), utan (without), vid
(atlbylon), ver (overlabovelacross).
6 Drfr, drfr att
Knglish and Swedish prepositions do not always correspond to each
other, so it is important that you pay particular attention to those
Drfr renders that's why. It introduces a main clause with inverted expressions where the usage differs.
word order. Drfr att answers the question why and renders
because, as, since. It introduces a subordinate clause so the word
Study the drawing illustrating the use of some common prepositions.
order is straight:
bakom framfr bredvid ovanp
Det blir mrkt tidigt. Drfr lt get s dark early. That's why
vill vi ge oss ivg tidigt. we want to set off early.
Det gr inte drfr att jag lt i sn' t possible because
inte kan ka skidor, I cannot ski,
7 Lra, lra sig
If lra is followed by a reflexive pronoun in Swedish it is translated
by learn, but if it is followed by an object it is translated by teach:
John lrde sig att ka skidor. Joh n l earnt to ski,
De lrde John att ka skidor, The y taught John to ski.
8 Hela, halva, frra, bda
l
Note that the words hela, halva, frra, bda are follow ed by a noun
in the definite form, but contrary to the normal rules there is no addi
' (
r,
tional definite article in front of them:
hela dagen the whole dayloil day
halva dagen hal f the day
frra ret last year
bda ren both years
e
ovanfr/ver inut i / inne i
utanfr
nedanfr/under
257
S WEDI SH WOULD YOU Ll KE TO GO SKl l hl G r
10 Place names treated as neuters (v) En man till sin fru.
(vi) En anstlld till en ldre kollega,
Note that the neuter form of adjectives is used when referring to
names of towns, provinces, countries and continents, for example:
Combine the two clauses into one sentence by using one of the fol
lowing conjunctions: eftersom, fastn, innan, men, nr, och, s.
Stockholm r vackert. Stockholrrr is beauti ful.
(a) Han r lrare. Hon r kassrska.
Sverige r lngt. Sweden is long.
Afrika r underutvecklat. Afri ca i s underdeveloped,
(b) De har en katt, De har ingen hund.
(c) Hon har ingen bil. Hon ker tg till arbetet.
But Stockhom r en vacker stad as vacker refers to en stad here.
(d) Lasse borstar tnderna. Han vill behlla dem.
(e) John stannar i Sverige, Han lngtar hem.
(f) Lasse gr ut med hunden. Han gr till sngs.
vningar (g) Ulla hr p radion. Hon lagar middagen.
Rewrite the following sentences, putting the words in hold first in
1 The following telegrams have been sent by six different people.
the sentence. Make the necessary alterations to the word order,
Work out the relationship between the people who have sent and
those who have received the telegrams, and link the telegrams to
(a) Han cyklar till skolan varje dag,
(b) Mi n son bor i Italien nu.
the senders.
(c) Pojkarna spelar fotboll p lrdagarna,
(a) Erik Johansson Restaurang Belle Avenue 400 72 Gteborg (d) Han spelade tennis under hela sin skoltid.
"Hjrtliga gratulationer p fdelsedagen John'
(e) Man ter krftor i augusti i Sverige.
(b) Familjen Svensson Storgatan 7A 395 84 Gteborg
(f) Jag kan kpa biljetter, om du vill.
"Anlnder med familjen julafton mt 1120 SK522 Anne"
(g) Han bodde i Sverige, nr han var barn.
(c) Di rektr Anders Svensson AB Svensson & Co Hamngatan 23
426 02 Gteborg
Complete the sentences below using drfr/drfr att,
"Beklagar resan instlld familjeskl Bengt Forsberg" (a) Jag tycker om att vara ute i friska luften.
(d) Eva Lindstrm Odengatan 56 113 31 Stockholm .. . . . . . ker jag grna skidor.
"Frsenad bilolycka ingen skadad anlnder torsdag Gunnar" (b) Han gjorde arbetet.. . . . , , han behvde pengar.
(e) Inga Andersson Parkgatan 75- Norrkping (c) Mnga kr bil till arbetet.. . . . , , det r bekvmare.
"Frlorat plnboken behver pengar genast tack Sven" (d) John var sjuk, .. . . . . . gick han till doktorn.
(f) Bengt Forsberg Bergsgatan 32 Kiruna (e) De vill ka till Sverige.. . . . . . . l r de sig svenska.
"Korn far allvarligt sjuk Maria"
Lasse has been too busy to tidy his room. Look at the picture and
complete the sentences using one of the following prepositions: i,
beklagar regret frlorat l ost
instlld cancelied
innanfr, inuti, nedanfr, ovanfr, ovanp, p, under,
plnbok (wn, plnbdcker) wallet
famgjeekl personal reasons
utanfr, vid.
(a) Lasse ligger.. . . . . . sngen,
(b) Kl derna ligger.. . . . , , bordet.
(i) En dotter till frldrarna och syskonen.
(c) Kaffekoppen str.. . . . , , stolen. . . . . . . skrivbordet,
(ii) En syster till sin bror.
(d) Hunden ligger.. . . . . . skrivbordet.
(iii) En affrsman till en annan affrsman.
(e) Katten sitter. . . . . . . fnstret,
(iv) En son till sin mor.
( f) Fotbollen ligger.. . . . . . bordet. . . , . . . sangen
259
S PVEDISH rvOULD YOU LIKE TO GO SKIIIVG'P
(g) Bckerna ligger.. . . . . . fnstret. 6 Now that Lasse has tidied his room, fill in the missing preposi
(h) Skorna str. . . . . . . drren. tions. Note that not all of the prepositions from the previous exer
(i) Vckarklockan str.
.. . . . . skpet. cise can be used here, and some are needed more than once,
(I) Tavlan hnger upp och ned.
.. . . . . bokhyllan.
(a) Lasse sitter. . . . , , , stolen. . . . . . . skrivbordet.
(6) Klderna hnger.. . . . . . skpet.
(c) Kaffekoppen str.. . . , . . skpet. . . . . . . kket,
(d) Hunden ligger.. . . . . . bordet,
(e) Katten sitter. . . . . . . fnstret,
(il) Fotbollen ligger.. . . . . . skpet.
(g) Bckerna str... . . . . bokhyllan,
(h) Skorna str.. . . . . . skpet.
(i) Vckarklockan str.. . . . . . bordet. .. . . . . sngen.
(j) Tavlan hnger rtt. . . . . , . bokhyllan.
Frstrr du?
Sport och idrott
Sport och idrott r mycket populra fritidsaktiviteter i Sverige.
Organiserad sport har funnits i Sverige i 200 r. Tv miljoner sven
skar mer n 25% av befolkningen r medlemmar i ngon
idrottsklubb, och alla skolbarn har gymnastik och idrott p schemat.
Den svenska gymnastikens fader, Per Henrik Ling (1776-1839),
utvecklade ett system av gymnastiska rrelser som anvndes bde i
Sverige och i andra lnder,
Fotboll r den mest populra sporten, men ishockey, simning, bord
tennis och orientering lockar ocks mnga. Ridning r srskilt pop
ulrt bland flickor. Eftersom Sverige har en s lng kust och mnga
svenskar har btar r det naturligt att segling r en vanlig sport,
Omkring 500 btar brukar delta i en kappsegling runt n Gotland i
stersjn,
And a sedan Bjrn Borg vann Wimbledon fem gnger i rad har tennis
stol (-en, -ar) chair upp och ned opside down
varit den sport som gjort Sverige mest knt utanfr landets grnser.
skrivbord (-et, -0) desk bokhyll/a (-an, -or) bookshelves Ski 'dkning r en massport i Sverige. Skolorna har skidlov i en vecka
hnger hangs
i februari s att alla barn och ungdomar ska f en chans att ka ski
dor,
- 260
261
JIIIL
S vvEDISH
Vasaloppet r Sveriges mest knda idrottsevenemang. Det ger rum
den frsta sndagen i mars. D ker 12 000 mn och kvinnor skidor
85 km (53 miles) frn Slen i norra Dalarna till Mora i sder. Det
frsta Vasaloppet gde rum r 1922 till minne av Gustav Vasa som
flydde den hr vgen p skidor undan danskarna r 1521, Han blev
vertalad att komma tillbaka och leda en bondearm, som drev ut GOD JUL!
danskarna. Folket valde honom till kung och han kallas Landsfadern,
Happy Christmas.~
sport och idrott games and athlet kappsegling (en, -ar) sailing race
Ics i rad running
trttldsaktivltet (wn, wr) laisure massport (mn) sport for the
activity masses
% (procent) per cent skldlov (wt, -0) skiing holiday
medlem (-men, -mar) membar Vasaloppet the Vasa ski race
gymnastik (&n) gymnastics evenemang (wt, 4) gr eat event
schema (-t, -n) ti metable g/a (-er, -de, -t) rum taka piace
utveckl/a (-ar, -ade, -at) develop till mfnne av in memory of
system (wt, -0) system fly (-r, -dde,-tl) f/ ee
rrelse (-n, -r) movement vertal/a (-ar, -ade, -at) persuade
simning (wn) swimmfng led/a (wr, Me, lett) lead ln this unit you will learn
bordtennls (wn) table tennis driv/a (wr, drev, drivit) ut drive out
lock/a (-ar, -ade, -at) at tract Landefadern Father of the people phr ases used when writing letters
ridning (mn) horse riding
about Swedish Christmas celebrations
Rtt eller fel? Samtal
(a) Det har funnits organiserad sport i Sverige i 200 r.
(b) Den mest populra sporten i Sverige r tennis.
John and ke are talking about Christmas.
(c) Vasaloppet r en kappsegling.
ke Go d Jul, John!
John Tack, detsamma! Det r s vackert med stjrnorna och ljusen
i alla fnster nu till jul, Frresten, fr jag frga dig hur ni
firar jul?
ke V r j ul r lite annorlunda. Du fr ingen kalkon och plumpud
ding hr. Vi har dopp i grytan p Li lla j ulafton, och p
julafton har vi julbord med lutfisk, julskinka och risgryns
grt, och mycket annat gott ocks, Sedan kommer jultomten
med julklappar till 'alla snlla barn', Frresten, det har kom
mit ett stort paket till dig, men du fr inte packa upp det fr
rn p julafton.
John 0, det r bst att du lmnar mig i fred, fr jag har inte slagit
in mina julklappar nnu, men du mste nog hjlpa mig med
julrimmen.
262
263
S WED/SH
Vasaloppet r Sveriges mest knda idrottsevenemang, Det ger runi
den forsta sndagen i mars. D ker 12 000 mn och kvinnor skidor
85 km (53 miles) frn Slen i norra Dalarna till Mora i sder. Det
frsta Vasaloppet gde rum r 1922 till minne av Gustav Vasa so
in
flydde den hr vgen p skidor undan danskarna r 1521. Han blev
vertalad att komma tillbaka och leda en bondearm, som drev ut GOD JUL!
danskarna, Folket valde honom till kung och han kallas Landsfadern.
Happy Chri stmas.~
sport och Idrott games and athiet kappsegling (mn, -ar) saiiing race
/cs i rad running
tr/tidsaktivitet (wn, wr) ieisure massport (wn) sport for the
activity masses
% (procent) per cent akidlov (mt, 4) ski ing hoiiday
medlem (-men, -mar) memtter Vasaloppet the Vasa ski race
gymnast/k (mn) gymnastics evenemang (et, -0) great event
schema (-t, -n) t/metab/e g/a (wr, -de, -I) rum take piace
utveckl/a (-ar, -ade, -at) deveiop till minne av in memory of
system (wt, -0) system tly (-r, -dde,-tl) fi ee
rrelse (-n, -r) movement vertal/a (-ar, -ade, -at) persuade
simning (wn) swimming led/a (wr, -de, lett) /ead In this unit you will learn
bordtennis (wn) tab/e tennis driv/a (mr, drev, drivit) ut dri ve out
lock/a (-ar, <de, -at) at trsct Landsfadern Father of the peopie phr ases used when writing letters
ridnlng (mn) horse riding
about Swedish Christmas celebrations
R5tt eller fel? Samtal
(a) Det har funnits organiserad sport i Sverige i 200 r.
(b) Den mest populra sporten i Sverige r tennis.
John and ke are talking about Christmas.
(c) Vasaloppet r en kappsegling.
Ate God Jul, John!
John Tack, detsamma! Det r s vackert med stjrnorna och ljusen
i alla fnster nu till jul. Frresten, fr jag frga dig hur ni
firar jul?
Vr jul r lite annorlunda, Du fr ingen kalkon och plumpud
ding hr. Vi har dopp i grytan p Li lla j ulafton, och p
julafton har vi julbord med lutfisk, julskinka och risgryns
grt, och mycket annat gott ocks, Sedan kommer jultomten
med julklappar till 'alla snlla barn'. Frresten, det har korn
mit ett stort paket till dig, men du fr inte packa upp det fr
rn p julakon.
John 0, det r bst att du lmnar mig i fred, fr jag har inte slagit
in mina julklappar nnu, men du mste nog hjlpa mig med
julrimmen.
262
263
SWED/SH HPPY CHRI STMS/
ke T a det l ugnt! Julrimmen r ingen stor poesi, och det r
Brev (Letters)
mnga som inte bryr sig om rimmen nu fr tiden,
John Nr r julen slut? ' 1"
ke Jul en varar till tjugondag Knut. D har vi barnkalas med jul John has been invited to Ingrid's wedding, By now he knows the fami
gransplundring d barnen ter upp allt som gr att ta i gra . ]y well, As it is a simple wedding at Rkdhttset (the City Hall) and the
nen. I julas gjorde Mamma och Lasse ett pepparkakshus. Det dfnner for close relatives and friends in her parents' house is informal,
var en stor succ p julgransplundringen, he wrjtes an informal reply:
John Det lter gott.
ke Det var gott. Julen r den bsta tiden p ret!
Ki) vs,'P>byt ~ Ni($.
iitimetfk lqAV~
+
(!rar
God Juli Happy Christmas! snll wc/l-beha ved
~! i ( ( tit ~ ~ a,0 i (A/~ (ktiu . ~
<"" ~' ")
tack, detsamma! the same to you! paket (et, 4) parce/
frresten by the way pack/a (er, -ada, -at) upp unpack
stjrn/a (-an, er) st ar lmna mig l fred leave mein
f. l4(jkt~tA!s/t",'
ljus (et, %) li ght, candle peace
fnster (fnstret, fnster) window sl (-r, slog, slagit) /n wrap
annorlunda different julrim (-met, -0) Xmas rhyme (on
He has also received an invitation to a formal dinner on the occasion
kalken (en, er) turkey the presents) of a senior colleague's 50th birthday. John finds that he will be out of
plumpuddlng (en, -ar) Christmas ta det lugnt take it easy the country on business, so he cannot attend. He writes the following
pudding
inte bryr slg om don't bother about
letter:
dopp l grytan 'dippingin the pot'
tjugondag Knut twenty days after
39 (005
Ulla julafton Oecember 23rd Christmas
julbord (et, -0) Christmas buffet barnkalas (et,-0) children's party
Iutf lek (en) boiled ling julgransplundring (en, -ar) strip
julskink/a (-an, -or) Christmas barn ping of the Xmas tree
/., I),q<(j )s i~k)rAm >(~ u(
+" g
risgrynsgrt (en) (bo//ed) rice slng/a (er, -de, -t) ul throw out
pudding i julas last Xmas
jultomt/e (en, -ar) Father pepparkakshus (-et, -0) gi nger
Christmas; Santa C/sus bread hovse
julklapp (en, -ar) Christmas succ (-n, -er) success ~TgY
present
Alster John has returned home to England he writes a thank you letter
Rtt eller fel?
to the Svensson family:
~ 4. r/r/y
(al Svenskarna ter alltid plumpudding till julmiddagen,
(b) I Sverige kommer jultomten p julafton.
(c) Jul en varar i tjugo dagar i Sverige.
i kwuj (tA. (((v 4((( ri( tvAt. i u(f ~ (t j A Q~yg A' (
Jr( 4w' 4 W f j j t / /ij///f L4 ~ j i( ((s~4P, VWAL. (f/t/t/i
l(lt Avi4
ff vt/ft kGt/r-j>vg gf ~ gg L r tj t t/
+;
(j~
r/4' w4'< tAiu.. & Ijt// t(t Lf ~jag ti/(vv!
Q ~(~<>(
((Ev'. @j et,sv(av!
265
S VVEOISH
HAPPY CHRI STMAS!
inbjudan invitation nytta use
S hr sger man
brollop wedding upplevelse experience . Pt
forhlndrad prevented
How to:
Note: When dating letters, civil servants and business people nowa
days use only numbers. Thus 950103 indicates that the letter was start a letter
written on the 3rd of January 1995.
lskade Frida! Beloved Frida,
Kra Ulla!/Kre John! Dear Ulla/John,
Vad ni behver veta
Bsta/Bste vn! My dear friend,
Bsta direktr Svensson! Dear Sir,
end a letter
Jul Bef ore Sweden was Christianised, Christmas was a feast to cel
ebrate the winter solstice. Modern-day Christmas customs are similar
Puss och kram! Hugs and kisses,
to those of other Western European countries, though the height of
Kra hlsningar! Love,
the celebrations is on Christmas Eve. However, the foods served are
Mnga hlsningar! Best ivi shes,
Swedish specialities.
Hjrtliga hlsningar! Kind regards,
Med vnlig hlsning Yours si ncerely,
Dopp i grytan Li t erally 'dipping in the pot'. The assembled family
Hgaktningsfullt Yours faithfully,
dip pieces of bread in the broth lejt over after boiling the ham. It is
poor man's fare, an ancient tradition which is still very popular.
Note that there is no equivalent in Swedish to Dear Sir!Madam. In
business letters (unless you know the addressee's name, in which case
Lutfisk Li t erally 'lye 6sh'. This is dried ling that has to be soaked
you write as above), you start the letter without any introductory
in lye and water, then boiled. You either love or hate it!
phrase.
Julskinka Pr i de of place on julbordet (the special Christmas
smrgsbord) is taken by julakinkan, a whole ham boiled at home.
Grammatik
Risgrynsgrt The t raditional dessert of rice pudding made with
double cream and served with mil k and cinnamon. There is an
almond hidden in the pudding and it is said that the one who gets the
almond is going to get married during the coming year.
1 The wandering adverbs
Julklapp Fat her Christmas comes in person while Dad just hap
pens to be out to deliver julklapparna to 'alla snlla barn'.
All the negations (inte, aldrig, ej, icke) and some adverbs, especially
those which denote indefinite time (alltid, bara, grna, kanske,
Julrim It is or was the custom to write little verses on the pre ofta, redan, snart) change their place in the sentence depending on
sents, hinting at the contents of the parcels, and for the famijy to try whether the clause is a m ain clause or a subordinate clause.
to guess what is in each parcek
These adverbs are placed after the first verb in m ain clauses, but in
Tjugondag Knut January 13th is the name day of Knut (Canute) subordinate clauses they are placed before the first verb:
in the Swedish calendar. It marks the end of the Christmas celebra
tions, when the children usually have a party and plunder the
Main clause Jag ker ofta till Sverige, I offen go to Su eden.
Christmas tree.
Han har aldrig varit He ha s never been
dr, there.
- 267
S III!ED IS H HAPP Y CHRIS ThfAS!
Sub clause Han frgade vem som ofta ker till Sverige. Hatten sitter snett. The hatis askew.
Han sa att han aldrig hade varit i Sverige. Han lgger brevet i ldan. He puts the letter in the
drawer.
Note that the negations inte, icke, ej, aldrig and the adverb alltid
ke stller boken p hyllan, ke puts the book on the
are placed between att and the infinitive:
shel f.
Lasse lovade att aldrig ta godis igen. Hon stter maten p bordet. She puts the food on the
table.
Adverbs denoting definite time or place are placed either first or last
in the sentence, but not together:
I Sverige snar det p vintern. In Sweden it snows in the 3 Be/frga (ask)
winter
P vintern snar det i Sverige In the winter it snotusin
The English verb ask is ambiguous, It can mean to ask a question, in
Sweden.
which case it is translated into Swedish by frga, or it can mean to
ask somebody to do something, which is be in Swedish:
2 Transitive and intransitive verbs
Han frgade vem hon var. He ask ed u bo she was.
Hon bad honom kpa brd. She a sked him to buy bread.
Verbs which can take an object are called transitive verbs, e.g. John
skriver ett brev (John writes a letter). Verbs which can never take
an object are called intransitive verbs, e.g. Hon rodnar (She blush
4 Prepositions in time expressions
es). In English many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive e.g.
When you talk about length of time, you use the preposition i i n
She urned the letter (Hon ninde brevet), The house is burning
answer to the question for how l ong:
(Huset brinner). Swedish normaHy uses different, but related, verbs:
Ulla lg till sngs (i) flera dagar,
Transitive verbs lntransitive verbs
Ulla lay in bed for severaL days.
lay l gg/a (-er, lade, lagt) lie ligg / a (-er, lg, legat)
In these expressions the preposition i could also be left out.
pur stl l la (-er, -de,-t) stand st (-r, stod, sttt)
pur st t /a (-er, satte, satt) s/I sitt / a (-er, satt, suttit) P is used about length of time + negation:
burn br nna, brnner, brnde, brnt burn br i nn/a (-er, brann, brunnit)
Ulla kunde inte g till Ulla couldn't go to u ork
Note in particular the form satt, which is used both as the past tense
arbetet p flera dagar. for severaL days.
of sitta and as the supine of stta,
P is also used about length of time + completed action:
Ligga, st, sitta are used when the subject of the clause 'lies',
Han sprang maratonloppet He ran the marathon racei n
'stands' or 'sits', i.e. is in a fixed position, whereas lgga is used when
p 3 timmar och 46 minuter. 3 hour s 46 minutes.
the object is put in a horisontal position, stlla when the object is put
in a vertical position and stta when it is put in the right place, for
When you talk about a definite point of time, Swedish uses the follow
exam ple:
ing prepositions in answer to the question when?:
Ulla ligger i sngen. Ulla is lying in bed.
about future time
John str vid fnstret. John is standing by the
om + general time expression: Terminen brjar om en vecka
window.
Term starts in a week,
p + weekday: Hon kommer p tisdag.
269
S IA!EDISH HA PP Y CHR I S TMA S!
She is coming on Tuesday. Alfred Nobel ville hjlpa till att Al fred Nobel wi shed to help
i/till + seasons: Vi ska ka skidor i vinter, skapa fred i vrlden. to create peacei n the world.
We shall go skiing this winter. Julens budskap r 'frid p The Christmas messageis
Vi ska hyra en stuga till jorden',
'peace on earth'.
sommaren.
We shall rent a cottage this
7 i ovlferier, semester (holiday)
summer.
i/till+ festival: De ska glRa sig 1 pnlgst,. Holiday is translated by lov or ferier for all who are at schools, col
They are going to marry at leges or university. It corresponds roughly to vacation. For people in
Whitsun. jobs the word semester is used,
Farmor ska komma till julen.
Lasses jullov brjade den Lasse' s Christmas vacation
Grandma is going to come at
22 december. started on 22 December.
Christmas.
Vi vill ka till Grekland We would like to go to Greece
about past time
p semestern. for our holiday.
fr.. . sedan + general time
expre ssion: Han kom fr en vecka sedan.
The main public holidays in Sweden are as follows. Note that banks,
He came a week ago,
offices and shops are closed on the days given in bold, and usually
i+ weekday+ -s Hon kom i &edags.
close early on the preceding day.
She came last Frutay,
Nyrsafton (New Year's Eve), Nyrsdagen (New Year's Day),
p+ weekday+ mn Det hnde p mndagen.
Trettondagsafton (Twelfth Night), Trettondagen (Epiphany), Fastan
1t happened last Monday,
(Lent), Skrtorsdagen (Maundy Thursday), Lngfredagen (Good
1 + season + -as De seglade i somraa
Friday), Pskafton (E aster Eve), Pskdagen (E aster Day),
They saded last summer.
Annandag Psk (Raster Monday), Valborgsmssoafton (Walpurgis
i+ festival+ ~ Vi kte skidor i pskas.
Night, 80/4), Frsta maj (Labour Day), Kristi Himmelsfrdsdag
We went skiing last Easter.
(Ascension Day), Pi ngstafton (Whitsun Eve), Pi ngstdagen
(Whitsunday), Annandag Pingst (Whit Monday), Midsommarafton
5 Packa, packa upp (pack(up), unpack)
(Midsummer E ve), Mi dsommardagen (Mi d summer Day) ,
Allhelgonadagen (All Sai nts' Day), Julafton (Christmas Eve),
Note the difference in meaning between the Swedish and the English verbs Juldagen (Christmas Day), Annandag Jul (Boxing Day),
in the following expressions:
The common seasonal greetings are:
Jag mste packa i kvll, I must pack (my bog) tonight.
Gott Nytt r! Happy New Year!
Han packade upp vskan. He uapacked his suitcase.
Glad Psk! Happy Easter!
Packa in renders wrap up. God Jul! Merry Christmas!
God Fortsttning! Best wishes for the New Year!
6 Fred/frid (peace)
When the English word peace denotes absence of war it is translated
by fred, but if it denotes peace of mind it is translated by frid:
270 271
S WEOISH
HAPPY CHRIS TIHA S!
vningar
(a) , , . . . . . grnsakerna i kylen!
(b) . . . , . . . fl askorna p hyllan!
(c) . . . , . . . kaffet i skpet!
You have received a beautiful crystal bowl from a Swedish friend
(d) . . . . . , , kycklingen i &ysen!
for Christmas. You telephone to thank her. Fill in your part of the
(e) . . . . . . . blommorna i vatten!
conversation.
4 Insert inte in the correct place in the sentences below.
Vnnen 788 33 (sju, tta, tta, tre, tre).
You (Say Merry Christmas and say you are Tony.)
(a) Jag r gift.
Vnnen Hej! Tack fr den fina boken.
(b) Han sa att han var gift.
You (Say you want to say thank you for the beauti ful bowl,)
(c) Det var hon, som ville g.
Vnnen Det var roligt att du tyckte om den. Jag ville att du
(d) Hon frgade, vad han tyckte om.
skulle ha ett minne frn Sverige.
(e) Mannen var full,
You (Say that you particularly liked the motif with t he
(f) ke frgade, om John ville ka hem.
dance around the maypole and that you will always
5 Fill in the correct word, be or frga, in the following sentences.
remernber the dance on Midsummer Eve.)
Use the past tense.
Vnnen Jag tyckte ocks att det var roligt, men jag hoppas att
du kommer att anvnda sklen ocks, Du kan ti l l
(a) ke. . . . . . . Ul l a att f lna bilen.
exempel servera sallad i den.
(b) Han. . . . . . . nr frestllningen skulle brja.
You (Say That was a good idea. Ask what she is doing dur
(c) Hon, . . . . . . honom vnta till nsta jul.
ing the rest of the Christmas holiday.)
(d) Han. . . , . . . vad hon gjorde i Sverige.
Vnnen Vi ska ka upp till mormor i Jmtland ver nyr. Dr
(e) John. . . , . . . om ke ville hjlpa honom med julrimmen.
r det mycket sn, s vi kan ka skidor i en vecka.
6 Choose the most appropriate time expression (fr.
.. sedan, i,
You (Say you long to go skiing, too, but you haue no snow. inte.... frrn, i pskas, i sommar, i somras, om, p) for
Wish her a Happy New Year and say Goodbye,)
each of the sentences below.
(a) Hon var i Italien. . . . . . . en vecka.
souvenir minne (-t -n) iong to lngta efter
motit mot/v (wt -0)
( b) John hade.. . . . . , kt skidor. . . . . ,, han kom till Sverige.
( c) AfFrerna stnger tidigt, . . . ... lrdagarna.
The professor cannot find his things. Tell him where they are.
(d) De t mnga gg... . , . . .
Use one of the following verbs and insert it in the correct form:
(e) Doktorn kommer.. . . . . , eftermiddagen.
ligga/lgga; st/stlla; sitta/stta.
(f) Bussen kommer.. . . . . . en kvart.
( I) Tget gick.. . , . . . en halvtimme.. . , . . .
(a) Var r hans cykel? Den.. . . . . . i garaget.
( h) Vi ska resa till Sverige.. . . . , , .
(b) Var r hans kappa? Den,,. . . . . p soffan.
( i) Han vann Wimbledon.. . . . . . .
(c) Var r hans skor? De..., . . . vid drren.
(d) Var r hans bcker? De... , . . . p skrivbordet.
Here are same typical julrim. Match the rhymes with the pre
(e) Var r hans glasgon? De..., . . . p nsan.
sents,
(i) choklad
Using verbs from the same verb pairs as in the previous exercise,
tell Lasse where to put the shopping.
(ii) docka (doll)
(iii) lppstift (lipstick)
(iv) silkesstrumpor (silk-stockings)
272
273
S WEOISH HAPP Y CHRISThfA Sl
(v) parfym (perfume) past i Italien, och den svenska Lucia har mycket lite gemensamt med
(vi) tg det italienska helgonet. Namnet Lucia kommer frn det latinska
(vii) whisky ordet 'lux', som betyder ljus, och i Sverige firas Lucia som ljusdrott
ningen, en symbol fr hoppet att ljuset ska komma tillbaka till jorden
(a) En liten flicka fr du hr,
efter det lnga vintermrkret.
hoppas, hoppas hon blir dig kr!
(6) Materialet har kommit nda ifrn Kina, ven om Lucia har firats p ngra stllen i vstra Sverige nda
Sr att pryda benen dina. sedan 1700-talet var det inte frrn p 1920-talet som man brjade
(c) Du fr inte ta allt p en gng, fira Lucia allmnt ver hela Sverige. Nu firas Lucia i praktiskt taget
fr d fr du magont natten lng, alla hem, i skolor och freningar, p sjukhus och lderdomshem, och
(d) Hr fr du ngot rtt, varje stad brukar ha sin egen Lucia.
fr att dina lppar ska le s stt.
(e) En flaska till far,
ljust har lair hair kalender (-n, kalendrar) calendar
som frn Skottland kommit har. skrp (wt, 4) sash
helgon (mt, -0) saint
(f) P golvet fr du vara,
ljus (-et, 4) candle knappast hardly
nar du med detta ngonstans vill fara.
trnla (-an, -or) maid, attendant gemensamt med in common with
stjrngossle (wn, -ar) st ar boy symbol (-en, -er) symbol
(g) 0, vad du ska lukta gott,
glitter ti nsel hopp (wt) hops
nr du ngra droppar frn denna flaska ftt!
spetsig pointed
jord (wn, -ar) earth
guldstjrnla (-an, -or) golden star allmnt generaily, widely
vlknd well known praktiskt taget practically
pryd/a (er, -dde, -tt) adorn golv (mt, -0) ll oor
saffransbull/e (wn, -ar) saffron frening (wn, -ar) society, club
bun lderdomshem (-met, 4) ol d peo
lussekatt 'Lucia cat' ple's home
glgg a heavily spiced mulied wine
Frstr du?
Rtt eller fel?
(a) Den 13 december r rets lngsta natt enligt den nya kalendern.
Lucia
(6) I Sverige firas Lucia inte som en religis fest,
(c) Lucia har firats i hela Sverige nda sedan 1700-talet.
Tidigt p morgonen den 13 december kommer Lucia, en flicka med
lngt ljust hr kldd i ett lngt vitt linne med rtt skrp och en krona
med ljus p huvudet. Efter henne kommer hennes trnor och stjrn
gossar, flickor i vita linnen med glitter i hret och pojkar, ocks i vita
sjljortor med lnga spetsiga hattar med guldstjrnor p huvudet. De
sjunger den vlknda luciasngen. I hemmen kommer Lucia med
kaffe, pepparkakor och nybakade saffransbullar som kallas
lussekatter och vcker far, som ltsas sova! P kvllen serverar
Lucia ofta glgg.
Enligt den gamla kalendern var den 13 december rets lngsta natt.
Det var ocks det italienska helgonet S:ta Lucias dag. Hon firas knap
274 275
KEY TO THE EERCI SES
KEY TO THE
tiofem (g) tre (h) fyra vad 6 ( a ) ett komma sextusennitti
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (6) R(c) F (o)tre kilometer (6) etthundratti(o)sex
2 (a) R (6) R (c) F (d) F tusen engelska ntil per sekund (c) trehun
EXERCISE S
drattiofyratusenfyrahundra kilometer
Unit 4
(d) fyrahundrafyrti(o)niotusenniohundra
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (6) R (c) R
sexti(o)fyra kvadratkilometer (e)
(a) R (6) F (c) R (d) F
e tt komma fem miljoner 7 ( a )
vningar 1 (a ) pojkar (6) sngar (c)
sjuhundranitti(o)tre (6) tiohundra or
Unit 1 ifrn hrifrn drifrn 6 ( a) Ja, de
ungdomar (d) dagar (e) btar (fl koppar
tusen (c) tolvhundrafemti(o) (d) tretton
r trstiga. (6) Nej, Ulla lagar middagen. hundrafemti(o) (e)
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (6) R (c) F
(g) bilar (h) sjukdomar (i) flyktingar 2
(c) Nej, bara Lasse vill ha mera efterratt.
(a) i... p (6) pa (c) i (d) p 3 (a) Han
trettonhundranitti(olsju (f) femtonhun
2 (a) R(b)F(c) F
(d) Jo, de vill ta frukost. (e) Nej, Robert
dratjugotre (g) sextonhundrafyrti(o)tta
vningar 1 (a) God morgon. (6)
... henne (6) De... den (c) Hon... oss
tackar fr maten. 7 ( a) ett tv sex
(d) Vi h onom (e) Vi er (f l De
lh) artonhundranio (i) artonhundrafjor
Goddag. (c) Adj. (d) Hej. (e) Hej. (fl God
tre fyra atta fem 8 Jag skulle
dem 4 ( a) Det r solsken men lite
ton (jl nittonhundratjugoett 8
natt. 2 ( a ) Hon heter Jane. (6) Hon
vilja ha en kopp kaffe, Jag vill ha mjolk
kallt. (6) Det r solsken och varmt. Det
Brittiska Ambassaden. Skarpgatan sex
beter Jane. (c) Han heter Anders, (d) Han
och socker, tack. Nej, tack. Jag r inte till tta. Postnummer etthundrafemton
kan regna och ska och blixtra. Det r
heter Anders. (e) Han heter Lars. (j) Jag
hungrig, bara trstig. Tack s mycket, det
molnigt ibland. (c) Det regnar och blser
tjugosju STOCKHOLM. Telefon riktnum
heter.. . lyourouin n ame). 3 ( a)
var mycket gott, mer noll tta. Abonnentnummer sex sex
och stormar. Det r mulet och kallt, (d)
Kommer familjen Taylor frn England?
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) F (6) F (c) R (d) F
sju noll ett fyra noll. Amerikanska
(6) r Robert Taylor ingenjr? (c) r det
Det r mycket kallt, Det snar ibland. 5
(a) Lrdag (6) Fredag (c) Sndag (d)
Ambassaden. Strandvgen etthundraett.
John'? (d) Kallas han Lasse? (e) Var det Unit 3
Mndag (c) Tisdag 6 (a) l ng (6) lnge
Postnummer etthundrafemton tjugosju
allt? 4 (a ) Hon (6) Han(c) De(d) Ni (e) STOCKHOLM. Telefon riktnummer noll
(c) lng (d) lnge (e) lngt ( fl lnge (g)
Vi (fl Den (g) Det 5 ( a) Giue your own
Rtt eller fel ? 1 ( a) F (6) R (c) F (d l F
tta. Abonnentnummer sex sex tre noll
lnga(h)lnge 7 v cka vaknar
name, (6) Nej, jag kommer frn England.
2 (a) F(b) F(c) R(dl F
fem tv noll. Australiska Ambassaden,
vaknar vcker vcka vcker vcka
ic) Nej, jag kommer frn London. 6 (a)
vningar 1 (a) flickor (6) veckor lc)
vaknar 8 ( a) spelar (6) leker (c)
Sergels torg tolv, Postnummer etthun
Hej! Vad beter du? (6) Kommer du frn
fragor (d) exportfirmor (e) flaskor (
f) frjor
dratre tti(o)sex STOCKHOLM. Telefon
Sverige? (c) Bor du i Stockholm? 7 ( a)
(g) klockor (h) mnniskor 2 (a) Ulla
spelar (d) spelar (e) leker (f) spelar 9
riktnummer noll tta. Abonnentnummer
Han heter Sven Andersson. (6) Han heter
gr p en kurs i fransk konversation. (6)
(a) sjn (6) Havet (c) Havet (d) sjar (e)
havet (f) havet (g) sjn 10 God mor
sex tv fyra fyra sex sex noll.
Olle. (c) Hon heter Lisa. (d) Han heter
Ake lr sig spela gitarr, (c) ke brukar
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) F (6) F (c) R
gon. Vad r det lor vder idag? Bra. Vill
Per. (e) Hon heter Ingela. (f) Hon heter
trffa sina vnner p onsdagarna. De gr
du ka ut till sommarstugan? Vi kan g
Svea Andersson. (g) Han heter Sven
och fikar eller de kanske gr p bio. (d)
Unit 6
och bada. Jag vill hellre segla om det inte
Andersson. 8 ( a) UK. (6) Han r pilot.
Han gr p en fotokurs. (e) De ska ga pa
blser fr mycket, I morgon r det sndag Rtt eller fel? 1 (a ) R (6) F (c) F (d)
(c) Han heter Alexander i fornamn. (d)
en popkonsert. (j) Han gr till en
R 2 ( a) F( b) F(c)R
Han kommer frn Skottland. (e) Han r
idrottsklubb och sedan gr han ut p och vi kan spela golf p frmiddagen. Det
ska bli sknt. vningar 1 (a ) Kan jag f en liter
tandlkare. (j) Hon r lrare, (g) Hon
stan. (g) De gr i kyrkan p morgonen och
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) F (6) R (c) F
beter Hkansson i efternamn.
p eftermiddagen gr Anders och ke pa mjlk, tack! (6) Kan jag f en halv liter
filmjolk, tack! (c) Kan jag f ett havt kilo
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) F (6) R (c) F
fotbollsmatch. 3 (a ) (i) Klockan r tre.
Unit 5
smr, tack! (d) Kan jag f ett och ett
2 (a) F (6) R (c) F
(ii) Klockan r halv fyra. (iii) Klockan r
kvart i sju. (iv) Klockan r kvart ver tio,
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a ) F (6) F (c) R
halvt dussin agg, tack! (e) Kan jag f tva
Unit 2 (v) Klockan r sex. (vi) Klockan r tjugo
2 (a) R (6) F (c) R
limpor, tack! (fl Kan jag f tre kilo
ver tio. (vii) Klockan r fem i halv nio.
vningar 1 ( a) Var (6) Vem (c) Hur
potatis, tack! (g) Kan jag f ett kvarts
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (6) R(c) F(d) R
(viii) Klockan r tv minuter i ett, (ix)
(d) Nr (e) Varfr (fl Vad (g) Vilken (h)
kilo ka!fe, tack! (h) Kan jag f tv hekto
2 (a'l F (6) F (c) R 3 ( a) R (6) F (c) F
Klockan r fem over halv sex. (x) Klockan skinka, tack! (i) Kan jag f en burk ansjo
vningar 1 (a ) f amiljen sekreteraren
Vad/Var/Nr/Vem/Vilken 2 ( a )
r tolv. Det r middag/midnatt. (6) Thisi
Banken ppnar inte klockan ett. (6) Det
vis, tack! (j) Kan jag f ett par pplen,
trappan hissen hamnen koppen middagen
of coure personal. A fai rly typ/ ca/ day tack! 2 (a ) en halv. . . en halv... en
var inte dyrt. (c) Ligger banken inte vid
grdden glaset huset passet vinet saltet
may look like lhis:(i)Kl. sju. (ii) Fem ver
halvtimme (6) ett halvt.. . en halv. . .
torget? (d) Var det inte dyrt? (e) Kan du
ka(fet 2 ( a) Ja, tack. (6) Nej, tack. (c)
sju. (iii) Kvart i tta. (iv) Halv nio. (v) halva (c) halva... ett halvr (d) Halva
inte vxla en hundralapp? (j) Nr r
Ja tack, grna. (d) Tack, detr bra. (e)
Klockan nio. (vi) Halv ett. (vii) Klockan 3 (a) ke r strre n Lasse. (6)Lasses
banken inte ppen? (g) Varfr vill du inte
Jag vill heflre ha te, tack. 3 (a) Kan fem, (viii) Klockan halv sju, (ix) Klockan
vxla en hundralapp? 3 (a) med (6) ut
trja r billigare n Janes kofta. (c) En
jag f en kall l, tack! (6) Jag skulle vilja
halv tolv, 4 h gt stor vacker fin
(c) in (d) in (e) med 4 ( a) l nder.. .
Rolls Royce r dyrare n en Mini. (d)
ha saltet, tack! (c) Snalla John, servera
trevlig dyr lng svrt billiga fat
kuster (6) minuter.. . sekunder (c) han
Mount Everest r hgre n Ben Nevis. (e)
vinet! (d) Var snll och ge mig lite kaffe!
tig 5 (a ) gr (6) aker (c) gr (d) gr (e'l
der ... ftter (d) bnder ... traktorer(e)
Stockholm r mindre n London. (fl
(e) Jag skulle vilja ha lite socker, tack!
ker (j) gr (g) gr (h) ka 6 (a) arton studenter... bcker (fl industrier.. .
England har fler invnare an Sverige. 4
4 (a) en kopp te (6) ett glas sherry (c) en
(6) tjugo (c) fjorton (d'l tjugotta (e) trettio
maskiner (gl brder, doktorer (h)
(a) liten (6) liten (c) litet (d) sm (e) litet
flaska rdvin (d) ett glas apelsinsafi (e)
(fl trettioen (g) tjugosex (h) sjuttiofem...
sner... stder 5 ( a) som (6) vilket
(f) liten (g) litet lh) litet (i) sm (j) liten
ett glas vatten 5 (a) varifrn
ttioett 7 ( a ) t rettiosju (6) ttiotta (c) Den lilla flickan fran den lilla staden i
(c) vars/vilkas (d) vilken (e) vad som (fl
uppifrn nerifrn framifran bak
sjuttiofyra (d) tretton (e) fyrtionio (fl fem det lilla landet. 5 (a ) Nej, jag har
276
277
S WED I SH
KEY TO THE EXERCI SES
ingen bil. (6) Vej, jag har inget socker. (< ) Parkvagen p andra sidan om kanalen
ten. Jag vill inte ha stekt potatis. Jag vill (e) sydost/sydst (fl vsterut (g) stber
Ncj, jag har inte haft nagon TV, (d) Nej, mitt emot sjukhuset. (fl Dcn ligger p
ha ris. Vaktmstarn, fr jag be om notan? lin och Vstberlin (h) Sydamerika...
jag har inga bcker. (e) Nej, jag har inte Jrnvgsgatan mitt emot torget. ~g) Det
Det r jmna pengar, 2 ( a) talade (6) Nordamerika (i) nordostpassagen...
haft ngot hus. (f) Nej, jag har ingen fru.
ligger vid Parkvgen mitt emot operan
stannade (c) smakade (d) diskuterade (e) norr (j) sydostliga... sdra... steu
(g) Nej, jag har inga barn. 6 ( a I det (h) Den ligger pa Jrnvgsgatan mcllan
ropa 7 ( a) 11" (-10" : +1') (6) 26" (-25' :
hr , den hr . . . dcn hr. . . det hr
spelade (f) parkerade (g) joggade (h) reg
stationen och banken mitt emot torget.
nade 3 (a) gott (6) bra (c) god/bra (d)
+1") (c) stersund (d) Mulet och frost -1"
(bi den dr , det dr . . . den dr (c) De 5 (a) G over Drottninggatan och rakt
bra (e) bra (f) god (g) bra (h) gott.
. . (e) Omvxlande solsken och molnigt.
dr.. . de har 7 (a) ansikten (bi ver torget. G sedan ver Kungsgatan,
Temp eraturen
W" (f) Lngst norrut vid
frimarken (c) konton (d) yrken (e) applen
godare/bttre. .. godast/bst 4
(6) G rakt fram p Jrnvagsgatan frbi
Frken! Urskta, jag tycker inte om grnsen till Norge. (g) Mitt i Sverige.
(fi gon... oron (gi Hjrtans 8 (sug turistbyran och stationen. Polisstationen
musa!or och gg. Jag bestllde skinka, Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) R (6) F (c) R (d)
gcsted ansvver) (a) Herrklder: En pyjamas ligger mellan stationen och banken. ic)
svamp lk och paprika, Kan jag f en R
250.00. En skjorta 250,00, En trja G ver Jrnvgsgatan och snett over
fiaska pplemust p samma gng, tack!
300.00. Sockor 25.00. En undertrja (orget. G ver Storgatan. (d) G till Unit 10
5 (a) min dotter, mina sner och mitt
75.00, iEtt par kalsonger 75.00. hger. G ver Drottninggatan och g
arbete. (6) din bil, ditt hem och dina
Summa=975,00 kr. Damklader: Ett nat Ratt, eller fel? 1 (a) F (6) R(c) R(d)
lngs torget. G ver Kungsgatan och ta
barn. (c) hans fru, hans bok och hans
tlinne 150.00. En kofta 300.00. En blus till vanster. Musikaffren ligger mellsn
R 2 (a) R(b) F(c) F(d) R
pojkar. (d) hennes barn, hennes man och
150.00. Underklder (BH, underklnning, vningar 1 (a ) i v (6) i (c) v (d) viii (e)
apoteket och bokhandeln. (e) Ga till hger
hennes klder. (e) vr stad, vrt land och
trosor, strumpbyxor) 250.00. En baddrkt lngs Storgatan, G over gatan vid
iii (fl vi (g) ii (h) vii 2 ( a) full (6) fulla
vra hus. (f) er mat, ert vin och era mid
150.00. Summa=1000 kr. (6) Ett par apoteket och fortstt rakt fram p
(c) fullt (d) fulla (e) fullmne (f) fullt (g)
dagar. (g) deras hund, deras hus och
jeans 350.00. En T-shirt 150.00. Kungsgatan frbi musikaffren och
fulla 3 v ar som helst.. . vem som
deras tavlor, 6 ( a) Det r din dyra
Summa=500 kr. (c) Ett halsband 150.00.
helst.. . vad som helst.. . nar som hclst
bokhandeln, Varuhuset Domus ligger pa
bok. (6) Det r hans billiga byxor. (c) Det
Ett armband 50.00. Ett par rhngen
4 (a) mormor (6) dotterdotter or barnbarn
Kungsgatan mellan bokhandeln och
r hennes nya klnning. (d) Det r vrt
5 0.00. Summa=250.00 kr. 9 Ja g
(c) moster (d) svrson (e) dotterson or
posten. (fi Ga till hger och sedan ver
lilla hus. (e) Det r era bra bocker, (f) Det
mste kopa ngonting att ta med mig Jrnvagsgatan. Ga rakt fram lngs
barnbarn (f) svgerska (g) dotterdotters
rderas stora kk, 7 ( a) Ktt, fisk,
hem. Ja, men det har jag nog inte rd Drottningga(,an. Ga ver bron. G rakt
dotterdotter or barnbarnsbarnbam (h)
fgel och gg. (6) Grnsaker t ex bnor,
med. Den r underbart vacker, men fram p Skolgatan frbi Kaf
morbror (i) svger (j) svar mor 5 ( a )
sallad, kl, blomkl, brysselkl, rter,
tyvrr har jag inte s mycket pengar Continental. (g) Ga ver Kanalgatan. Ta
mnga (6) Mycket (c) Hela/Allt (d) Mnga
sparris, mortter, paprika, purjolk,
kvar. Ja, jag kper en sdan dr lg. Den
till vanster och g ver bron, G till
(e) Allt (f) mycket (g) Alla 6 ( a) frl
Frukt t ex jordgubbar, hallon, blbr. (c)
blir ett fint minne frn Sverige. Javisst, hger. G over Storgatan. Apoteket ligger
skat sig (6) forlovade sig (c) gifta sig (d)
Potatis, pasta, ris, mjlk, filmjlk, ost,
en sadan mste jag ha. i hrnet av Storgatan och Kungsgatan. i/I )
kanner du dig (e) skynda dig ( fl raka sig
brd. (d) Alkohol, katTe, te, kakor, trtor
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) R (6) R (c) F Kr rakt fram till Kanalgatan och ta till
7 Ja, grna. Jag kommer fran
e tc. (e) Maten i toppen rdyrast. 8 ( a )
(Norvvich) i England. This answer
Unit 7
vnster. Kr ver bron och rakt fram p
lika... som (6) mindre n (c) samma...
Drottninggatan. Kr ver Jarnvgsgatan
depends on you, of course. Ja, det har jag
som (d) inte s... som (e) strre n 9
or Nej, det har jag inte. Jag r turist. Jag
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) R(6) F(c) F(d)
och genom tunneln, Bensinstationen
lc 2f 3g 4d Sa 6b 7e
skulle grna vilja ha en kall l, tack! Ja,
R 2 ( a) F(b) F(c) R
ligger pa vnster sida. (i) G till vnster
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (6) F (c) R
vningar 1 (ai e t t kk. . . skp(b)
och ver Jrnvgsgatan. Kp blommor p
tack, mycket grna. Tack, det var mycket
roligt.
ett skp... brd.. . mjl . . . ris (c) kyl
torget. G ver Storgatan och ta till Unit 9
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (6) F (c) F (d) R
skpet... ett dussin gg... ktt . .. ett
hger. G ver bron och g till vnster pa
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) R(6) F (c) F 2
halvt kilo smr (d) lite socker... kaffet.
. .
Kanalgatan. (j) Ga till hger lngs
Unit 11
(a) F(b) R(c) R 3 ( a) R(b) F(c) R
i nget socker... teet (e) br... hallon. . .
Storgatan. G ver bron till vnster. Kaf
vningar 1 Urskta, jag har krt Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (b)R(c) R(d)
blabr (fi vykort.. . hus 2 (a) Var r
Continental ligger mitt emot bron. 6
vilse. Kan ni hjlpa mig? Jag ska ka F 2 ( a ) R( b) F( c) F
blommorna? (6) Var r hundarna? (c) Var
Jag ska g ut med en vn. Det r
norrut, till Stockholm. Ar det lngt? Ovningar 1 (a ) v (6) vii (c) ix (d) i (e)
r bckerna? (d) Var r skorna? (e) Var r
Kerstin. Frst ska vi ga pa bio och sedan
Finns det ngon bensinstation i iv (fl ii (g) viii (h) iii (i) vi 2 ( a) sken
kvittona? (fl Var r lararna? (g) Var ar
ska vi g p ett kaf. Om en halvtimme
nrheten? Jag har ont om bensin. D r (6) steg... gick (c) bjd (d) brt (e) for (f)
barnen? (h) Var r mnnen? 3 t ycker p bion. Jag tar bussen. Tack s mycket.
det bast att jag kr till bensinstationen f lg (g) svalt (h) njt (i) vann 3 ( a' I
om.. . tycker om.. . tycker inte om. . .
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (bi R(c) F
f rst. Tack fr hjlpen! 2 byt t e. . . irlndare (6) islnning (c) skotte (d) ryss .
tycker mycket om... tycker mest om. . .
Unit 8 tyckte... hnde... kte.. . glmde... .. ryska (e) norrman (fl portugis (g) kines
t ycker om... tyckerom 4 (a) Den lig
stngde... hjlpte... kpte 3 (a) fr ... kinesiska (h) fransyska 4 (a ) Vet
ger p Storgatan vid kanalen mitt emot Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) F (6) R (c) F 2
(6) mste (c) fick (d) fr inte (e I mste... (6 i Knner (c) Kan (d) kan/vet (e) vet (f)
torget, (6) Det ligger p Kungsgatan mitt
(a) R(6) F(c) R
fick (fl mste inte 4 v l . . . nog. . . j u kan (g) vet... kan (h) knner (i) kan 5
emot torgstandet med blommor. (c) Det vningar 1 Nej , det har j ag inte.
..j u. . . val . . . nog. . . j u. . . nog 5 (a) hjul (6) framstet (c) bagageluckan (d)
ligger i hrnet av Drottninggatan och
Finns det ngot ledigt bord? Jag loredrar
(a) Nej, han r ogift. (6) Nej, hon var oly ratten (e) motorn (fi fotbromsen (g) vind
Jrnvgsgatan mitt emot torget och hrnbordet. Kan jag f se pmatsedeln,
dig. (c) Nej, hon ogillade Mrs Pankhurst. rutetorkaren (h ) hastighetsmtaren (i)
parkeringsplatsen. (d) Det ligger p tack! Kan jag fa leverpastej med rostat
(d) Nej, de r obekvma. (e) Nej, det r bilbltet (j) lyktorna (h) bensin
Tunnelgatan p andra sidan om jrn brd, lvbiff med persiljesmr, jordgubbs
o vder. (f) Nej, de var odjur. 6 ( a ) Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) R(6) F (c) R(d)
vgsstationen. (e) Den ligger p
trta och kaAe, tack. Bara ett glas vat
ster (6) norra (c) sydpolen (d) nordvst F
278
279
S (>(/ED I SH KEY TO THE EXERCI SES
Unit 12
It has reslaurant, bars, con/krence ron>ns 'Spksonaten' is playing in Buenos Aires. (c) brant (d) forsvunna (e) obebodd (/)
It is uery large 410 ruonis. (c) A >noder>i 9 (a) 'Shirley Valenti ne'is a plav. frlovade (g) stngda (h) kpta (i) druck
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a ) F( bl R(c) F (d) hotel close to the ientre. Ifynu buy the
'Fdgelha ndlaren'
i an nperetla. The na 3 (a ) ansiktet (b) skorna (c) benet
F 2 ( a) F (b) F (c) R Scandic Holiday Card for 100:- kr. chi/
'opera feast' is a caualcade of operella (d) munnen (e) hatten 4 (a ) 0/ (b)
vningar 1 (a ) 904 och 980 (b) 13.10 dren under 13 are accommodated free in
inusical- and Vienna melodies played by A/0 (c) Fy (d) Usch (e) Oj 5 ( a) En
och 16.27(c) 12.34 och 15,43 (d) Alla thei r parents rnnm and teenagers get a
the Stockholm Operetla Ensemble, (b) gng om ret. (b) Fyra g nger i mnaden.
dagar utom ngra helgdagar (e) Afla
room oflhei r nu n for 150:- kr. Breokfasl 'Shirley Valentine' (c) ilfondays at 7.00 (c) Tv gnger om dagen, (d) Sex ganger i
dagar mellan 27/6 och 15/8 (f) Nummer isincluded. You also get a gifl uoucher/irr. p,m. Gunilla Nyroos. (d) By telephoning veckan. (e) Attio gnger i minuten. 6
904, Kl. 17.30 2 ( a) ska(bl kommer )'00:- to Scandic 's restaurant and hun
the box office bet u>een 10. 00 and 17. 00. Jag har ont i ryggen/ryggvrk/vrk i
att/ska (c) tnker/ska (d) blir (e) tanker dreds of d>scounts on Auis rented cars, rar
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a ) R (b)F (c) F ryggen/. Det brjade igr kvll. Nej, det
inte (fl blir (I;) ska/kommer att (h)
ferries, Swedish glass etc. (d) It is situnl kan jag inte, Jag ligger till sangs, Nej, jag
Ska/Tnker (i) kommer att 3 ( a ) feb ed 15 minutes from the centre. You pay Unit 15
har inte feber, men jag kan inte sova fr
ruari (bl januari, mars, maj, juli, augusti,
lhe full price for the first night but hnlf ryggen vrker sa mycket. Siv Eriksson.
oktober, december (c) april. juni, septem
Rtt eller fel? 1 (n ) F (b) R(c) F 2
price for the fnlloiuing nights, Breakfast is Jag bor p Strandvagen 59, Malm. Tack,
ber, november (dl juni (e) december (
fl
a) R(b) F (c) F
i ncluded. (>!) Mudern student rooms u i > lr doktorn,
mars, april, maj (g) juni, juli, augusti (h)
ingar 1 Ur sakta, kan ni tala om
shower and toilet. Cheap. Oulside the ce>r Rtt eller fel? 1 (a) R (b) R (c) F
sep(ember. oktober, november Ii) decem
fr mig hur jag kan komma till
tre. Parti cularly sui table for cnnferences
ber,januari, februari 4 D... Sedan.
Kaknstornet? Vilket ar det snabbaste
and groups, (fl Youth hostel on board n
Unit 17
.. D.. . Sedan. . . Da 5 ( a )
sttet att komma till Skansen frn
ui ndjammer. Central posi tion. Chenp 6
Rtt eller fel? 1 I a) F( b) R(c) R 2
Helsingborg C Gteborg (b) si >rg/ (c)
Norrmalmstorg? Var ligger Kulturhuset?
(a) Grand Holell, as the Presidenl is a
(a) F (bl F (c) R
14.30 (d) 17.15 (e) 212 (fl non-.smaker (g)
Hur ska jag lttast komma till Sergels
VIP, (b) Scandic Crou>n Hotel, because nf
56 (h) uindou sent 6 ( a ) l v(b) lvar
torg frn Kungstrdgrden? Hur kan jag Ovningar 1 (a ) vi (b) i (r:) iii (d) v (e)
the discount for the teenager and free
(c) an (d) floden (e) lvarna (/) floderna (g)
komma till Drottningholms slottsteater? iv (fl ii 2 (a) och (b) men (c) s (d)
nccommudation fnr the children. (cl a
f
aarna 7 ( n) anlnder lb) gar(c) kom
2 Vi l ken opera spelar ni? Vad handlar eftersom (e) fastn (fl innan (g) nr 3
Chapman, as thnl is the chenpest. (dl
mer (fram) / anlnder (d) kom (fram).. .
den om? Nr brjar operan och nr slutar Ia) Varje dag cyklar han till skolan, (b I
Resa Hotell Amaranten, as it is cnnue
gtt (e) ankommande . avgende 8
den? Kan jag f tv biljetter, tack. Kan Nu bor min son i Italien. (c) Fotboll
nu ntly .si tuated by the City Ai r Terminal.
(a) Half iuay (b) Fine almnst lhe ruhole
j agbetala med kreditkort? 3 ( a l spelar pojkarna pa lrdagarna. (d) Under
(e) Welcome Hotel Barkarby, as they nnly
time (c) They'I/ ui sit Ake and John (d) The
Tosca. Friday 2 September 1994. (b) At hela sin skoltid spelade han tennis. (e) I
haue to pay half price after the /irst irighl.
mosquitoes
7.30 p.m. (c) SEK 250. (d) Stalls. Door 4, Sverige ter man krftor i augusti, (fl Om
(/) Iteso Hotell Rei sen, asitis furnishedin
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F(b) F(c) R(d)
right hand side. Row 13, seat 362. (e) No du vill kan jag kpa biljetter. (g) Nr han
the old style and i n n central position. ig I
F
admission. (fl The ticket won't be v ar barn bodde han i Sverige. 4 ( i i )
Sommarhutell, asiti s student accnmmo
redeemed. 4 ( a) strykas (b) vndas (cl Drfr (b) drfr att (c) drfr att (d)
Unit 13
dation at a reasonnble price.
skmmas... minnas (d ) trffades (e) sl
Rtt eller fel? 1 (a ) F (b) R (cl R
Drfr (e) Drfr 5 ( a) ovanp (b)
jas (fl sytts (g) frbrukas (h) under (c) p... vid (d) p (e) utanfr (/)
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a ) F (b) R (c) R 2
Unit 14
hoppades lyckas (i) kysstes 5 ( a) De p... vid (g) nedanfr (h) innanfr (i I
(a) F Ib) F (c) R 3 ( a) R(b) F (c) R
mste byta tg (b) Tmentralen, Slussen, (inut-) i (j) ovanfr 6 ( a) p. . . vid (b)
vningar 1 (n) Bertil och Siv Rtt eller fel? 1 (n) F (b'I R (c) R 2 och Gamla stan. (c) Frungen eller (inut-) i (c) i... i (d) under (e) innanfr (f)
Andersson vill ha ett dubbelrum med
(a) F (b) F Ic) R Norsborg. (d) Hagstra. (e) 3 stycken per (ovan-) pa (g) i (h) i Ii ) pa... vid (j) ovan
dusch. (b) Tore Olsson vil! ha ett enkel vningar 1 ( n l di t Ib) dar (cl har Idl person. 6 si n sin Hans hans fr
rum med dusch. Han behver ocks hit (e) dr 2 ( a) Var bor de? (b) Vart sin sina hennes sitt deras hans Rtt eller f el? 1 (a) R( b) F (c) F
garage. (c'I Eva Skld vill ha ett enkelrum reste han? (c) Var trffade John Kerstin". sin hennes sin 7 ( a I blinde (b)
med bad eller dusch. (d) Familjen Vik vill
(d) Vart krde de? (e) Vart ringde John?
Unit 18
rdhrige (c) yngste (d) sjuka (e) lilla 8
ha tv dubbelrum. ett med bad och ett (f) Vart ska de resa'? 3 (/ ) hem.. . utc Goddag. Jag skulle vilja hyra en bil. En
med dusch. De behver ocksa garage, 2
Rtt eller fel? I (a) F (b) R (c) R
... hemma (i ) in (b) upp (a) Dr Id) ut mellanstor bil med automatlda. Over
(a) den sjtte juni (b) den fjortonde juli (cl
vningar 1 G od Jul! Det r Tony.
(fl ut (e) upp (h) ner (i I upp... inne (k) helgen. Hur mycket kostar det?
den sjuttonde iuaj (d) den tjugo(.redje
Jag vill tacka dig fr den vackra sklen.
f ramme.. . ut. I j) hem... dr Ig) hr 4 Varsgod. Jag vill ha helfrskring. Hur
april (e) fjarde (fl sjtte (g) sjunde 3 Fre framfor Forut, inte forrn
Jag tyckte sarskilt om motivet med
stor r deponeringsavgiften'? Tack, det
(a) varje/var (b) var (c) varenda (d) vart
dansen kring
majstngen
och jag ska
Innan 5 (a) t nker (b) tycker (cl tror var bra.
(e) Vart och ett (fl varannan 4 (a)
alltid komma ihg dansen p midsom
(d) trodde Ie) tycker ( fl trodde (g) tnker Rtteller fel ? 1 ( a) F (b) R(c) R Id)
marafton. Det var en bra id. Vad ska du
gende (b) cyklande (c) dende (d) sti 6 (a) av(b) fr(cl i (d) av (e) fr (fl fr F
gande... fallande (e) leende (/) levande
gra under resten av jullovet? Jag lng
7 (a) stackars (b) nytt, (c) akta(d)
5 (a) It is a first class hotel in the old dumma (e) hrt (fl medellders (g) sant
Unit 16
tar ocks efter att ka skidor men vi har
fashioned style. Itis situatedin the Old
ingen sno. Gott iVytt r och hej d. 2
(h) stngt 8 ( a) ' Ddsdansen',
Rtt eller fel ? 1 ( a) F (b) R (c) R 2
Town and has reslaurant, bars, sauna
(a) str (b) ligger (c) str (d) ligger (e) sit
'Spksonaten' and 'Fordringsgaren' (b)
and excellent i'on ference rooms. It has 113
(a) R(b)F (c) R 3 ( a) R(b) F (c) R ter 3 ( a) Lgg (b) Stll (c) Stt (d)
'Fordringsagaren' (c) Strindbergssa len,
rooms. (b) It is a modern and comfortable
vningar 1 ( al 4 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 7 Ie) 5 Lgg (e) Stt 4 (a) Jag ar inte gift, (b)
N. Bantorget (d) tel. 200843 eller Box
hotel, si tuated by the Ci ty Ai r Termi nal. oflice (e I 'Ddsdansen' is sold out and
(f) 8 (g) 3 (h! 1 2 ( a) grillade (b) stekta Han sade att han inte var gift. (c) Det var
280
281
S WEDISH
hon, som inte ville g. (d) Hon frgade,
vad han inte tyckte om. (e) Mannen var
inte full. (f) ke frgade, om John inte
ville ka hem. S (a) bad (b) frgade (c)
bad (d) frgade (e) frgade 6 (a) i (b)
inte... frrn (c) p (d) i pskas (c) pa ()c)
om (g) fr... sedan (b) i sommar (i) i
somras 7 (o) ii (b) iv (c) i (d) iii (e) vii Same useful verbs
(f) vi (g) v
Rtt eller fel? 1 ( a) F (b) R(c) F
The following is an alphabetical list of common irregular verbs and
auxiliary verbs. Note that they can be used as patterns for other
verbs with a prefix; for example, once you know all the forms of the
verb st (stand), you also know all the forms of frst (understand),
and so on.
Infinitive Present Past tense Supine Past Parti ciple
be(dja) ber bad bett -bedd
binda binder band bundit bunden
bita biter bet bitit biten
bjuda bjuder bjd bjudit bjuden
bli(va) blir blev blivit bliven
brinna brinner brann brunnit brunnen
brista brister brast brustit brusten
bryta bryter brt brutit bruten
bra br bar burit buren
bra br borde bort
dra(ga) drar drog dragit dragen
dricka dricker drack druckit drucken
driva driver drev drivit driven
duga duger dg/dugde dugt
d dl' dog dtt
dlja dljer dolde dolt dold
falla faller fll fallit fallen
fara far for farit faren
282
283
S WEDISH
4 PP EIV DIX
finna finner fann funnit funnen
nysa nyser ns nyst
finnas finns fanns funnits
flyga flyger flg flugit -flugen
pipa PlPei' pep pipit
flyta flyter flt flutit -fluten rida rider red ridit riden
frysa fryser frs frusit frusen rinna rinner rann runnit runnen
f fr fick ftt riva river rev rivit riven
frsvinna Srs vinner frsvann frsvunnit
4
frsvunnen
ryta ryter rt rutit
ge(giva) ger gaV gett(givit) given se ser Sg sett sedd
glida glider gled glidit gliden sitta sitter satt suttit -sutten
gldja glder gladde glatt sjuda sjuder sjd sjudit sjuden
gnida gnider glied gnidit gniden sjunga sjunger sjng sjungit sjungen
gripa griper grep gripit gripen sjunka sjunker sjnk sjunkit sjunken
grta grter grt grtit grten skilja skiger skilde skilt skild
g gai' gick gtt gngen skina skiner sken skinit
gra gl' gjorde gjort gjord sljuta skjuter skt skjutit skjuten
ha(va)
skulle
har hade
. Skola/ska
haft
(skolat)
-havd
ska(11)
heta heter
skriker skrek skrikit -skriken
hette
skrika
hetat
hinna hinner
skrivit
hann hunnit
skriva skriver skrev skriven
hunnen
hugga
skrt skrutit -skruten
hugger hgg huggit huggen
skryta skryter
hlla hller
skr skar skurit skuren
hll
skra
hllit hllen
slippa slippel' slapp sluppit -sluppen
kliva kliver klev klivit -kliven
slita sliter slet slitit sliten
knyta knyter knt knutit knuten
sl slr slog slagit slagen
komma kommer kom kommit kommen
slss slss slogs slagits
krypa kryper krp krupit krupen
smyga smyger smg smugit -smugen
kunna kan kunde kunnat
snyta snyter snt snutit snuten
le ler log lett
sova sover sov sovit
leva lever levde lev(a)t -lev(a)d
spricka spricker sprack spruckit sprucken
lida lider led lidit liden
sprida sprider spred spridit spriden
ligga ligger lg legat -legad
springa springer sprang Sprungit sprungen
ljuda ljuder ljd ljudit
sticka sticker stack stuckit stucken
ljuga ljuger ljg ljugit -ljugen
Stiga stiger steg stigit -stigen
lyda lyder ld, lydde lytt -lydd
stjla stjl stal stulit stulen
lta lter lt ltit -lten
strida strider stred stridit -stridd
lgga lgger la(de) lagt lagd
stryka stryker strk strukit struken
st str stod sttt -stdd
mste mste mst
std(j)a stder stdde sttt stdd
niga niger neg nigit
suga suger sg sugit sugen
njuta
skjuter njt njutit njuten
supa super sp supit -supen
svida svider sved svidit
S )/)/ED /S H
svika sviker svek svikit sviken
svlja
svljer
svalde svalt svald
SWEDISH-ENGLI SH
svlta svlter svalt svultit svulten
svr(j)a svr(jer) svor svurit svuren
GLOS SARY
sga sger sa(de) sagt sagd
slja sljer slde slt sld
stta stter satte satt satt
ta(ga) ta(ge)r tog tagit tagen
tiga tiger teg tigit -tegen
tillta tillter tillt tilltit tillten
tjuta tjuter tjt tjutit
tvinga tvingar tvingade tvingat tvingad absolut definitely apparat (-en -er) device; apparatus
tvinga tvingar tvang tvungit
adel (-n) nobility
tvungen
april April
adj goodbye
tr torde
arbe(la (-ar -ade -at) to work
adlande (-t) raising tn the nobi lity
(tras)
arm (-en -ar) arm
trs tordes torts Afrika Africa
armbg/e (-en -ar) elbow
alten (-en aftnar) euening
vara r vaI'
varit
art (-en -er) species
aj ow; ouch
veta vet visste
arton eighteen
vetat
all (-t -a) all
artonde eighteenth
vika viker vek vikit viken, vikt alldeles lagom /ust nght
Asien Asia
vilja vill ville velat
allemansrtten right of public access
attraktion (-en -er) attraction; event
vinna vinner vann vunnit
allergisk mot allergi c to
vunnen
augusti August
vr1da vrider vred
allesamman/sl al! of us
vridit vriden
Australien Australia
allmnt generally; widely
vga vljer valde
australier (-n -0) Australian
valt vald alltid always
automatld/a (-an -or) automatic gears
vnja vnjer vande vant vand allting euerythi ng
av betydelse of any importance
vxa vxer vxte vxt/vuxit vuxen
allts that is to say; you know; thus
avgas (-en -er) exhaust fume
allvarlig (-t -a) serious
avgasrr (-et -0) exhaust pipe
ter tit ambulans (-en -er) ambulance
avgift (-en -er) charge; fee
Amerika America
avres/a (-an -or) departure
amerikansk (-t -a) American
avsevrt considerably
andra vrldskriget Second World War
avskafl/a (-ar -ade -at) to abolish
andra/andre second
axel (-n axlar) shoulder
anknytning (-en -ar) extension
ankomst (-en -er) arri ual bad(-et-0) bath
ankraoe (-t -n) duck race
bad/a (-ar -ade -at) to go swimming
anmVa (-er -de -t) to report
badrum (-met -0) bathroum
annan annat andra utber bagageluck/a (-an -or) boot of car
annat other things
bakifrn from behind
annorlunda diffe rent
balkong (-en -er) balcony
ansikte (-t -n) face
bank (-en -er) bank
ansjovis (-en -ar) anchouies bara only
antal (-et -0) number
barnfrbjud/en (-et -na) for adults only
antingen... eller either... ur
barnkalas (-et -0) children's party
anvnd/a (-er -e anvnt) to use
barnvnlig (-t -a) suitable for children
apelsinsaft (-en -er) orangejuice
bastu (-n -r) sauna
apotek (-et -0) pharmacy; chemist
befolkning (-en -ar) population
begr/a (begr begrde begrt) to request
286
287
SWEDISH ENGLISH GLOSSARY
behandling (-en -ar) treatment blodtryck (-et) blood pressure bt(-en -ar) boat; ship det gr detsammait doesn't matter; I
behlVa (-er behll behllit) to keep
blomkl (-en; blomklshuvuden) bank ( en ar) roiu don't care
behv/a (-er -de -t) to need cauli flower br (-et -0) berry det mesta mast ofit
beklag/a (-ar -ade -at) to regret
blyfri unleaded brgningsbil (-en -ar) brenkdown uan det r bst att we had better
bekrftelse (-n -r) con firmation bl bltt bl (a) blue brdig (-t -a) fertile detsamma the same
bekvm (-t -a) comfortable
blbr (-et -0) bilberry brj/a (-ar -ade -at) to begi n; start diet (-en) diet
bekymra/d (-t -de) iuorri ed bls/a (-er -te -t) to blow; be windy bter (pl.) fines dig you (sing, obj,); yourself
ben (-et -0) leg; bone
bld/a (-er -dde -tt) to bleed dillpotatis potatoes boiled with dill
bensin (-en) petrol bo/r(-dde -tt) to liue
centralvrme (-n) central heating
din ditt dina your(s)
bensinmack (-en -ar) petrol station.
centrum (ett) centre
bok (-en bcker) book diriger/a (-ar -ade -at) to di rect
bensinstation (-en -er) petrol station
ceremoniella funktioner ceremoni al
bokhandel (-n) book shop diskuter/a (-ar -ade -at) to di scuss
berg (-et -0) mountain functi ons
bokhyll/a (-an -or) buokshelf dit (to) there
bertt/a (-ar -ade -at) to te!l
cesiumhalt (-en) cesium content
bonde(-n bnder) peasants djur (-et-0) animal
bermd bermt bermda famous
choklad (-en) chocolate
bord (-et -0) table doktorinn/a (-an -or) doctor'a wi fe
beskriv/a (-er beskrev beskrivit) to
chokiadss (-en -er) chocolate sauce
bordtennis (-en) table tennis domkyrk/a (-an -or) cathedral
descri be
civilstnd (-et) civil status
borgare burghers dopp i grytan 'dippi ng in the pot'
beslkt/ad (-at -ade) related
borst/a (-ar -ade -at) to brush
cykVa (-ar -ade -at) cycle
dopp (-et -0) to dip, plunge
bestlVa (-er -de -t) to book,' order bort/a away dagens rtt today's special dos (-en -er) dose
besvik/en (-et -na) disappointed
bot/a (-ar -ade -at) to cure daghem (-met -0) day nursery dotter (-n dttrar) daughter
besvrlig (-t -a) di fficult; awkward bottenvningen ground flo or
dagl (dagligen) daily dra (-r drog dragit) ut extract
beskare (-n -0) uisitor
bra good; uell; fine dalahst (-en -ar) Dala horse drak/e (-en -ar) dragon
beta Va (-ar -de -t) to pay
bred (brett breda) broad damavdelningen ladies' wear drick/a (-er drack druckit) to drink
betrakt/a (-ar -ade -at) (sig) to regard breddgrad (-en -er) latitude damfrisrsk/a (-an -or) hai rdresser dricks tip; service charge
(himself)
brev (-et -0) letter dans (-en -er) dance driv/a (-er drev drivit) ut to dri ue out
betyd/a (-er -de betytt) to mean bro (-n -ar) bridge danss (-en -er) female dancer Drottninggatan Queen Street
betyg (-et -0) grade; mark
broms/a (-ar -ade -at) to brake de they dryck (-en -er) drink
bevar/a (-ar -ade -at) to preserue bror (brodern brder) brother
de dr/de hr thoselthese drygt slightly more than
bidrag/a (-er bidrog -it) to contri bute
brorsdotter niece (brother s daughter) de flesta most people drj/a (-er -de -t) to hold on; be late
bilblte (-t -n) sent helt brorson nephew (brother's son)
de hgsta the highest drm (drmmen drmmar) dream
biljett (-en -er) ticket
broschyr (-en -er) pamphlet december December du you (sing./
biljettautomat (-en) ticket machine bruk/a (-ar -ade -at) usually do del (-en -ar) part dubbelrum (-met -0) double room
biljon (-en -er) billion
something delas upp to be diuided dum (-t dumma) stupid
billig (-t -a) cheap brukade vara used to be
delas ut to be shared ovt; awarded dusch (-en -ar) shower
biltjuv (-en -ar) car thief
bry sig om to care about deVta (ga) (-tar -tog -tagit) to take part dussin (-et -0) dozen
bilverkstad (-en -stder) garage
brygg/a (-an -or) jet ty deltid part-time d.v.s. (det vill sga) that i to say
bind/a (-er band bundit) to bind; tie
bryt/a (-er brt brutit) to break o
ff
dem them dygn (-et -0) the 24-hour day
bio(-n) cinema brd (-et -0) bread
den nrmaste inotsvarigheten the dynamit (-en) dynamite
biograf (-en -er) cinema
brllop (-et -0) wedding closest equi ua lent dyr (-t -a) expensi ue
biovagn (-en -ar) ci nema coach
brst (-et -0) breast; chest den rutade sprrlinjen the chequered d then
bit (-en -ar) piece
bulVe (-en -ar) roll
barrier li ne d sger vi det agreed
bjrkkvist (-en -ar) birch branch
bunt (-en -ar) bunch den/det it dck (-et-0) tyre
bjrn (-en -ar) bear burk (-en -ar) tin; jar
den/det dr that dr there
bl,a. (bland annat) among other thi ngs;
busshllplats (-en -er) bus stop den/det hr this dr borta ouer there (any di rectionJ
inter alia butik (-en -er) shop; boutique
deponeringsavgiit deposi I dr framme ouer there (in front)
bland among by (-n -ar) uillage
deras their(s/ drfr that's why
bland/a (-ar -ade -at) to mix
byt/a (-er -te -t) to change; exchange dess its drfr att because
blek (-t -a) pale
byta tg to change trains dessert (-en -er) de.ssert drifran from there
blindtarmsinflammation (-en -er)
bda both det finns there is; there are d (-r dog dtt) to die
appendi ci ti s
bde... och both... and det gr bra that's all right drr (-en -ar) door
288
289
S WEDISH swEDISH- E!v GLI SH GLOSSA R Y
eftermiddag (-en -ar) afternoon expert (-en -er) erpert fjorton fourtecn frysla (-er frs frusit) to helfeel cold
efiernamn surname extrapris (-et -er) special offer fjortonde fnurteenth frysa till is to freeze, freeze over
eftertt (-en -er) dessert; sweet fjrde fourth frag/a (-an -or) question
eftersom as
faktiskt really; actually; in fact
fjrdedel (-en -ar) quarter frn from
eftertrd/a (-er -de eftertrtt)
familj (-en -er) family
jjrrtg (-et -0) long-distance train frmst foremnst
to succeed
familjeskl personal reasons
flask/a (-an -or) bott/e frken frknar Miss
fantastiskt fantastically
eftervrlden posterity flera several full (-t -a) full
far (fadern fder) father
eftert afteriuards flingor cnrnflakes fullt med folk crnwded
farla (-an -or) danger
egen (eget egna) oivn fly(-r -dde-tt) to flec fylVa (-er -de -t) p, tn fill up ivith
ekonomi (-n -er) economy
farbror (-n farbrder) uncle Ifatherk
flyg/a (-er flg flugit) to fly fynd (-et -0) bargain
brother)
ekonomisk (-t -a) economic flyget aeroplanes (colloquial) fyra four
elak (-t -a) malicious
farfar grandpa (lit. fathers father)
flykting (-en -ar) refugee fyrtio forty
farfarsfar greatgrandfather (fathers
eldfast form ouenproof dish llyt/a (-er flt fiutit) tn float fyrtionde fnrtieth
side)
elev (-en -er) pupil flytande fluent fysik(-en) physics
elfle eleventh
farlig (-t -a) dangerous
flytt/a (-ar -ade -at) to move f (-r fick ftt) to get; he allowed tn; have
eller or
farmor grandma (lit. father s mother)
flskkotlett (-en -er) pork chop tv
eller ocks or else
farmorsmor greatgrandmother (fatherk
folk (-et -0) people f lov att to be allowed to
side)
elva eleuen folkomrstning (-en -ar) referendum fgelvgen as the birds fly
emellertid hoiueuer
fast though; fixed
fordon (-et -0) uehicle flt (-et -0) field
faster (-n fastrar) aunt (father'e sisterj
emigrer/a (-ar -ade -at) to emigrate form (-en) form frdig (-t -a) ready
en/ett alan, one
fatt/as (fattas -ades -ats) to he missing
forskningsres/a (-an -or) scienti fic frgglad (-a) brightly coloured
enda single; only
fattig (-t -a) poor
expedi ti on frgteve (-n) cnlour television
feber (-n) fever
engelsk/a (-an) Engli sh Ilanguage) fortfarande still frj/a (-an -or) ferry
februari February
engelsk/a (-an -or) Englishwoman fortstt/a (-er satte -satt) to conti nue frsk(-t-a) fresk
Engelska kanalen English Channel
fel (-et -0) fault; urong
fot (-en ftter) foot frskvaror fresh food, perishables
fem fiue
engelsman (-nen engelsmn) fotbollsmatch (-en -er) football match fstning (-en -ar) fortress
femhundrakronorssedel (-n -sedlar) 500
Englishman fotbroms (-en -ar) foot-bra)te fdd barn
kronor (bank) note
enhetlig homogeneous fotokurs (-en -er) photography course fdelsedag (-en -ar) birthday
femkron/a (-an -or) 5-kronor coin
enkel single fram/me in front; there; forivard flj/a (-er -de -t) (med) to follow;
femte fifth
enkelhet (-en -0) simplicity framgng (-en -ar) success accompany
enkelrum (-met -0) single room
femtio fi fly
framifrn from the front fnster (fnstret fnster) ivindow
enkron/a (-an -or) 1-krona coin
femtionde fiftieth
framste (-t -n) front seat fnsterbord (-et -0) table by the window
enligt according to
femtioring (-en -ar) 50- re coi n
fransk French fr too; for; because
femton fifteen
ensam (-t ensamma) alone; by ourselues franska (-n) French lang uage fr... sedan ago
epokgrande epoch-making
femtonde fifteenth
fransman (-nen fransmn) Frenchman fr att (i n order) to
festival (-en -er) festival
er you (pl. obj.) yourselues fransysk/a (-an -or) Frenchwoman fr lnge too long
er (-t -a) your(s)
festmiddag (-en -ar) banquet
fredag Fri da frbi past
Erikskrnikan the Eric Chronicles
fik/a (-ar -ade -at) to haue a coffee
fredspris (-et -0) peace prize fre before
erstt/a (-er ersatte ersatt) to replace
fil (mjlk) (thin) yoghurt
fridlyst specially protected fre/dra (-drar -drog -dragit) to prefer
etnisk(-t-a) ethnic
fin(-t-a) fine
frihetshjlt/e (-n -ar) champion of liberty frening (-en -ar) society, club
ett halvt kilo (V2 kg) haifa kilo
finger (fingret fingrar) finger
frisk(-t -a) well; healthy frestllning (-en -ar) per formance
ett kvarts kilo a quarter of a kilo
finhack/ad (-at -ade) finely chopped
friska luften open air frfattarinn/a (-an -or) authoress
finn!e (-en -ar) Finn
ett slags a kind of fiitidsaktivitct (-en -er) leisure activity frfrlig (-t -a) terrihle
finnas kvar remain
Europa (pronounced Eropa) Europe frontalkrock (-en -ar) head-on collision frhindr/ad (-at -ade) to preuent
evenemang (-et -0) great euent
finska (-n) Finnish (languagej
fru (-n -ar) Mrs; ivi fe frkylning (-en -ar) cold
finska (-n -or) Finnish ivoman
examen (pl, examina) examination fi ukost (-en -ar) break fast frlor/a (-ar -ade -at) to lose
fir/a (-ar -ade -at) celebrate
expedit (wn -er) shop assistant frukt(-en -er) fruit frlov/a (-ar -ade -at) sig to get engaged
expeditionsavgiit (-en -er) commission,'
fiskrtt (-en -er) fish dish
fruktsallad (-en -er) frui t salad frmiddagskaffe (-t) morning roffee
fix/a (-ar -ade -at) fix
service charge frys (-en frysskp) freezer frmodligen probably
290-

291
S WEDISH S WEDISH EI>VGLISII GLOSSAR Y
frmgenhet (-en -er) ivealth
glgg a heauily-spiced mulled wi ne ha (-r hade ha&) to haue h)alps till hclp with
frnainn Christian Ifirst) name god natt goodnight ha lust to feel like h)arnblodning (-en -ar) s(r oke
froren/a (-ar -ade -at) to pollute
God Fortsttning! Happy New Year ha ont om to be short uf h)artattack (-en -er) hcart attack
frorening (-en -ar) pollution
ih/lay the New Year Continue Happilv!) ha rd med toafford hjrtliga lycknskningar u arm
frresten by the way
God Jul! /rferry Christmas! hak/a (-an -or) chi n congratulati ons
frrtt (-en -er) starter
goddag how do you dog haHon (-et -0) raspberry hon she
frsen/ad (-at -ade) late; delayed
godis (-et) sweets hals (-en -ar) throat honom him
frst (-a) first golf(-en) golf halsf!uss (-en) tonsilitis
hopp-et hope
frsta gngen the first ti me
go]fklubb/a (-an -or) golf club halv sju at halfpast six hos(/a (-ar -ade -at) to cough
frst (-r frstod frsttt) to understand Golfstrmmen the Gulf Stream halvljus di pped headlights hotell (-et -0) hotel
frsts vf course
gott nice (about food) hamn (-en -ar) port; harbour hovmstare (-n -0) head-waiter
frstr/a (frstr -de -t) to destroy
Gott Nytt Ar! A Happy New Year! han he hundra hundred
frsur/a (-ar -ade -at) to acidi fy
grad (-en -er) degree hand (-en hnder) hand hundrade hundredth
frsvinn/a (-er -svann -svunnit) to
grattis (slang for gratulationer) handbroms (-en -ar) hand-brake hundralapp (-en -ar) 100-kroner note
disappear congratulati ons handelsfirm/a (-an -or) tradi ng hungrig (-t -a) hungry
frskring (-en -ar) insurance
gravad lax mari nated salmon (commerci al) firm hur how
frs jjare (-n -0) market-trader Grekland Greece handVa (-ar -ade -at) t
oga
shopping; buy hur dags at what time
frsk/a (-er -te -t) to try
grillspett (-et -0) kebab hans his hur ofta how often
frsrj/a (-er -de -t) sig to provide for grund/a (-ar -ade -at) to found hastighetsmtare (-n -0) speedometer hur som helst in any way;just anyhow
oneself
grundlgg/a (-er grundlade grundlagt) to hav (-et -0) sea huvud (-et -0) (-en) head
frtroende (-t -n) confidence lay the foundation of hej hallo; hi huvudregel (-n -regler) the general rule
frut before; preuiously
grdde (-n) cream hej sa lnge so long huvudsakligen mai nly
frvnansvrt surprisingly
grnd (-en -er) lane hejsan informal greeting huvudstad (-en -stder) capi tal
fr/tider (-n frldrar) parent
grnsak (-en -er) vegetable hel (-t -a) whole huvudvrk headache
frlsk/a (-ar -ade -at) sig i to fall i n loue
gul (-t -a) yelloiu hela the u'hole; all hyr/a (hyr -de -t) rent
with
guldstjrn/a (-an -or) golden stor helfrskring (-en -ar) cornprehensi ue hl (-et -0) hole
insurance hr (-et) (collective sing,) hair
gammaldags old fashioned
gurk/a (-an -or) cucumber
hrd (hrt hrda) bard
ganska rather
gyllene gulden helgdag public holiday
helgon (-et -0) saint hrdkokt (-a) hardboi led
garage (-t -0) garage
gymnastik (-en) gymnastics
hlsa p to greet; say 'how do you do' to
garner/a (-ar -ade -at) to garni sh
g (-r gick gtt) togo; walk helljus (-et -0) full beam
hellre rather
gaspedal (-en -er) accelerator; throttle
g av toget off hlsa p visit
hmt/a (-ar -ade -at) to fetch
gatukorsning (-en -ar) j unction
g en runda to play a round (g
olf)
helt och hllet entirely
hnd/a (-er -e hnt) to happen
gatukk (-et -0) street kitchen
g till sngs go to bed helylle pure iuool
hem (to) home hng/a (-er -de -t) to hand
ge oss ivg to set off
g varm to be ouerheated
hem (-met -0) home hr here
ge (-r gav givit) togive
gver topass
hemma at horne hrifrn from here
gemensamt med in common with
g ver till to change Iouer) to
hft (,-en -er) hip
genast at once
gng (-en -er) ti rne; occasion hemsprk (-et -0) mother tongue
henne her hger right
genuin (-t -a) genuine
glVa (-er -de -t) to apply to; be valid
hennes her(s) hgertrafik dri uing on the right
geografi (-n) geography
grna willi ngly; gladly
herr (-en -ar) Mr
gift (med) married (to)
gstgivargrd (-en -ar) old coachingi nn hgst at most
het/a (-er hette hetat) to be called
gift/a (-er -e -t) sig to get married
gststug/a (-an -or) (little) guest-house hj/a (-er -de -t) to raise
hinn/a (-er hann hunnit) to have time to hr/a (hr-de-t) to hear
gitarr (-en -er) guitar
gr/a gr gjorde gjort to do; make
hrn (-et -0) curner
g)ort dons
gra ngon skillnad to make any hiss (-en -ar) lift
hit (to) here hrnbord (-et -0) corner table
Glad Psk! Happy Easter!
difference
glas (-et -0) glass; glassware
gra ont to hurt hitt/a (-ar -ade -at) find hsnuva (-n) hayfeuer
hst (-en -ar) autumn
glasbruk (-et -0) glassivorks
gra sig frtjnt to disti nguish oneself hjortron (-et -0) cloudberry
glass (-en) ice i'ream
gra upp eld to light a camp fire hjul(-et -0) wheel
i in
glitter tinsel
gteborgar/e (-en -0) Gothenburger hjlp (-en) help
i alla fall anyiuay
hjlp/a (-er -te -t) to help
292 293
SWED)SH SWEDISH ENGLISH GLOSSARY
i det grna in the open; outdoors innehlVa (-er -hll -hllit) to rontai n jmnt exartly konstmuseum art museum
i form av in the stake of inomhus indoors jrnvgsstation (-en -er) rai iway station konstnr (-en -er) artist; designer
i fred in peare
insl pp admissivn jttesnllt terribly kind konsument (-en -er) eonsumer
i frrgr the day beforr yrsterday insn/ad (-at -ade) snou-bound kaf (-et -er) caf konto (-t -n) aecount
i julas last Xmas instiil/a (-ar -ade -at) to establish kaffe (-t) coffee kontor (-et -0) of/iee
i kvll tvnight; this euening instll/d (-t -da) cancelled kalender (-n kalendrar) calendar konversation (-en -er) conuersation
i land ashore
>
inte.. . frrn not unti l kalkon (-en -er) turkey koppling (-en -ar) elutch
i medeltal on auerage inte alls not at all kall (-t -a) eold korvkiosk (-en -ar) hot-dog stand
i morgon tomorrow inte bry sig om not to bother about kallas is called kost/a (-ar -ade -at) to eost
i morgon bitti early tomorrow morning inte vara frtjust i not tocare for kalvstek (-en -ar) roast ueal krabb/a (-an -or) crab
i morse early this morning internatskola bvording school kanal (-en -er) canal krans (-en -ar) wreath
i nrvaro av in the presenre of intresse <-t -n) i nterest kanske perhaps kreditkort (-et -0) credi t rard
i rad running intresserad av i nterested i n kappsegling (-en -ar) sailing-rare krig (-et -0) war
i slutet p at the end of invandrare (-n -0) i mmigrant karakteriser/ a (-ar -ade -at) charaeteri se kring around
i synnerhet in partirular; esperially invnare (-n -0) inhabitant kart!a!-an -or) map; town plan kristallskl (-en -ar) crystal bowl
i s fall in that <ase ironisk (-t -a) ironic kasser/a (-ar -ade -at) to condemn; kronjuvel (-en -er) crown jewels; state
i varje fall in any case Italien Italy di scard; destroy regaita
i vermorgan the day after tomorrow italiensk (-t -a) Itali an kassrsk/a (-an -or) cashi er <female) kropp (-en -ar) body
iakttagelse (-n -r) observation italienska (-n) Italian (lang uagr) katastrof (-en -er) catastrophe; di saster kudde (-n -ar) pillow
ibland somrtime >s
kejsarinn/a (-an -or) empress kultur (-en -er) culture
icke-rkare non-smaker
ja yes
kemi (-n) chemistry
jad oh yes
kung (-en -ar) (from 'konung') king
idag today
kiVa (-ar -ade -at) in to pop in Kungsan (colloquial) Kungstrdgrden
idrottsklubb (-en -ar) athletics elub
jag I
kilVe (-en -ar) boy (a park)
igen again
jag/a (-ar -ade -at) bunt
kilo (-t -(n) kilo Kungsgatan King Street
igr yesterday
januari January
kind (-en -er) check kunna kan kunde kunnat can; to be able
igr morse early yesterday morning
jas really?; is that so?
kinesisk (-t -a) Chlru.se to ; know
illa 6ad
javisst yes, certai nly; yes, of course
kiosk (-en -er) kiosk kurs (-en -er) eourse; class
imponerande impressive
jobb (-et -en) the place of wvrk
kivas om to argue about kusin (-en -er) eousin
import- och exportfirma import and
jogg/a (-ar -ade -at) to gojogging
kust (-en -er) coast
jord (-en -ar) earth
klag/a (-ar -ade -at) p to complai n about
export flrm klagoml (-et -0) complaint kvalitet (-en -er) quality
importer/a (-ar -ade -at) to i mport
jordgubbstrt/a (-an -or) strawberry
ldar (-t -a) ready kvar left
in into
gateau
klar/a (-ar -ade -at) sig to manage kvart i tta a quarter to eight
inbjudan i nvi tation
jourtjnsten emergency services
klick (-en -ar) knob /o f butter) kvartal (-et -0) quarter (of a year; three
indian (-en -er) (Ameri van) Indian
ju ofcourse; as you know
klimat (-et -0) climate months)
indisk (-t -a) Indi an
ju .... desto the .... the
klipphll (-en -ar) bars rock kvarterskrog (-en -ar) local restaurant
individ (-en -er) individual
Jugoslavien Yugoslaui a
kl (-r -dde -tt) ngon to sui t somebody kvinn/a (-an -or) woman
industri (-n -er) industry
julbord (-et -0) Christmas buffet
kl majstngen to decorate the maypole kvitto (-t -n) recei pt
iniluensa (-n) influenza; flu
julgransplundring (-en -ar) stri pping of
the Xmas tree
klder (plural) clothes kvll (-en -ar) euening
infr/a (infr -de -t) to l ntrodure
knappast hardly
juli July
kyckling (-en -ar) chicken
ingen orsak you are welcome; don't
kn (- (e)t -n) knee kyla (-n) cold
mention it
julklapp (-en -ar) Christmas present
kolt/a (-an -or) cardigan kylar/e (-n -0) radiator
ingen som helst none whatsoever
julrim (-met -0) Christmasrhyme <on the
kollektivtrafik (-en) public transport kylskp (-et -0) fridge
ingenjr (-en -er) eng/neer
presents)
kollider/a (-ar -ade -at) to collide
julskink/a (-an -or) Christmas barn
kyrk/a (-an -or) church
ing (-r ingick ingtt) to be included
komm/a (-er kom kommit) to come knd (knt knda) known
inkomst(-en-er) income
jultomtle (-en -ar) Father Chri stmas;
komma fram to arriue
Santa Claus
knn/a (-er -de -t) to feel; know
inlagd gurka gherkin
konditori (-et -er) caf; pati sserie k (-n -er) queue
inlagd sill pickled hrrrings
juni June
konkurrens (-en) competition kp/a (-er -te -t) to 6uy
inlagda rdbetor pickled beetroots
just bakom just behind
konsert (-en -er) concert kr/a (kr -de -t) (bil) to driue
inne in (inside)
jmna pengar the right amount
konst (-en -er) art kra av vgen to drive off the road
294 . 295
SWEDISH ENGLISH GLOSSARY
SWEDISH
krflt (-et -0) lans luftig (-t -a) airy
mars farch molnig (-t -a) cloudy
krkort (-et -0) driving licencc lugn (t -a) calm
massport (-en) popular sport Moms-kvitto (-t -n) VAT receip(
ktt (-et) meat lung/a (-an -or) lung
masss (-en -er) masseuse monarki (-n -er) monarchy
kttbulVe (-en -ar) meatball lunginflammation (-en -er) pneumonia
mat (-en) fovd morbror (lit. mors bror) uncle (mo(ber's
lur/a (-ar -ade -at) tu cheat
matavdelning (-en -ar) food hall brother)
lager (lagret lager) layer
lussekatt 'Lucia cat'
match (-en -er) match morgan (-en morgnar) morning
lagom just right; enough
lutfisk (-en) boiled ting
matsedel (-n -sedlar) menu mormor grandma (lit. mothers mother)
land (-et lnder) country
lykta (-an -or) headlight
matsked (-en -ar) tablespoon morot (-en mortter) carrot
Landsfadern Father of the people
lys/a (-er -te -t) to shine; be suitched on
inatsck (-en -ar) packed lunch mosaik (-en -er) mosaic
landskap (-et -0) province; scenery
lyssn/a (-ar -ade -at) to listen
matt (matt matta) faint Moskva /ifoscow
lapp (-en -ar) Laplander
lax (-en -ar) salmon
lyxrestaruang (-en -er) luxury restaurnnt
med uith moster (lit, mors syster) aunt (mother's
ln/a (-ar -ade -at) to borrou; lend
medan while si eter)
led/a (-er -de lett) to lead
ledare (-n -0) leader
lngsam (-t -ma) sloivly
medborgarskap (-et -0) ci ti zenshi p motiv (-et -0) motif
lt/a (-er lt ltit) to let; sound
medeltida med/eval motor (-n motorer) motor
ledig (-t -a) free; uai:ant
lcker (lckert lckra) delicious
medlem (-men -mar) member motsvarande correspondi ng
leds/en (-et -na) surra; sad
lge situati on
medvetsls (-t -a) unconscious mottagning (-en -ar) surgery; reception
legitiination (-en) proof of identity
lev/a (-er -de -t) to live
lgenhet (-en -er) flat
medvind folloiuing wind mulen (mulet mulna) over cast
mekaniker (-n -0) mechanic mun (-nen -nar) mouth
lgg/a (-er la(de) lagt) to lay; put
levande living; growi ng
lgg/a (-er la(de) lagt) sig to go to bed
mellan betiveen museum (museet museer) museum
leverpastej (-en -er) liuer pat
lgga in backen to get into reuerse gear
mellersta central musik (-en) music
levnadsstandard (-en -er) standard of
lgga in ettan to get into firat gear
men but musikaffr (-en -er) music shop
living
mussl/a (-an -or) clam
lkare (-n -0) doctor
met/a (-ar -ade -at) angle, fish
ligg/a (-er lg legat) tv li e; be situated
lmna mig i fred leaue me i n peace
middag (-en -ar) dinner mycket very; much
liggvagn (-en -ar) couchct te
lngd (-en -er) length
m>dnatt midnight mycket grna yes, please, I iuould love i t
lika lngt as far
lnge long (about ti me)
midnattssol (-en) lvlidnight Sun mygg (-et -0) mosquito
lika vanligt som as common as
midvinter mrker hfidwinter Darkness mysig (-t -a) (colloquial) (nice and) cosy
liksom like; as welt as
lngt/a (-ar -ade -at) etter long to; long
mig me; myself m illa to feel sick
lilla little
for
lr/a (lr -de -t) sig learn
migrn (-en) migraine mVa (-ar -ade -at) to pai nt
Lilla julafton December 2grd
lrare (-n -0) teacher
mild(milt milda) mild mn/e (-en -ar) moon
lillasyster littlc sister
miljard (-en -er) a thousand million.
mndag fonday
lillebror little brotlier
lrarinn/a (-an -or) female teacher
lrjung/e (-en -ar) disciple
miljon (-en -er) million mnga many
limnls (-an -or) loaf
milj (-n -er) enuironment mdngkulturell m ulti-cult ural
lingon (-et -0) cranberri es
ls/a (-er -te -t) to read; study
lskedryck (-en -er) soft drink
miljfrstring (-en) environmental Mlardrottningen The Queen of Lake
linje (-n -r) line
f(ilaren
ltt (ltt ltta) light; easy
poll ution
linne/a (-an -or) twinflower
lrdag Saturday
min(mitt mina) my; mine mnnisk/a (-an -or) person; pl. people
list/a (-an -or) list
ls (-t -a) loose
mindre smaller mrk/a (-er -te -t) to notice
lite a little
ls/a (-er -te -t) to di ssolue
mineral (-et (i) er) mineral mssling (en) (the) measles
lite fr mycket a little too much
los/a (-er -te -t) in to cash
mineralvatten (-vattnet -0) mineral mtt satisfied,' full up
lite grann a little
lvbiff (-en -ar) mi nute.steak
iuater mnster (mnstret mnster) pattern
lite ver a li ttle past
minne (-t -n) souuenir mrk (-t -a) durk
liten litet sm little; small mag/e (-en -ar) stomach minoritet (-en -er) minority mt/a (-er -te -t) to meet
liter (-n -0) litre maj May
minsk/a (-ar -ade -at) to decrease
liv (-et -0) li fe majoritet (-en -er) majority
nack/e (-en -ar) nape of the neck
minsta slightest
livegen, livegna serf, -s makt (-en -er) pouer
namn (-et -0) name
miss/a (-ar -ade -at) to miss
ljus (-t -a) li ght; fair maktls (-t -a) powerless
napp/a (-ar -ade -at) to bite (about fish)
mitt emot opposite
ljus (-et-0) light; candle
mamm/a (-an -or) mother
nation (-en -er) nation
mjl (-et -0) flour
lock/a (-ar -ade -at) to attract man one; you; people; they
natt (-en ntter) night
mjlk (-en) milk
lov/a (-ar -ade -at) to promise man (-nen mn) man; husband
mo (de) r (-n mdrar) mother
nattuggl/a (-an -or) night-owl
lufl (-en) air mark (-en -er) ground
moderniser/a (-ar -ade -at) to moderni se
natur (-en -er) nature, scenery
296
297
S WEDISH SWEDISH ENGLISH GLOSSARY
naturligtvis of course; naturally nje (-t -n) pleasure pass/a (-ar -ade -at) to fit pryd/a (-er -de prytt) to adorn
nederbrd (-en) precipitati on prst( en er) clergyman parson
o oh
passer/a (-ar -ade -at) to pass
nedsat t pris reduced price passkontrollren Immigration Officer prster clergy
o.d. (och dylikt) etc.
nej no g prv/s (-ar -ade -at) to try
obligatorisk (-t -a) compulsory
pengar rnoney
ner/e down punktering (-en -ar) puncture
och and
peppar (-n) pepper
nerifrn from below
ocks alsu; too
i
pepparkakshus (-et -0) gingerbread p on;at; in
ni you (pl,) house p allvar seriously
officiell (-t -a) official
nio nine perfekt perfect(ly) p landet in the countryside
otta often
nionde ninth p stan (from 'staden') into tou n
oltast in mast cases
persilja (-n -0) parsley
nittio ninety plgg (-et -0) things to put on the rolls
oktober October
persiljesmr (-et) parsley butter
nittionde ninetuth person (-en -er) person plgg (-et -0) toppings
olik (-t -a) different (from)
nitton nineteen pron (-et -0) pear
om (about time)in
pickolo (-n) porter; bellboy
nittonde ni neteenlh pilot (-en -er) pilot
om if radio (-n radioapparater) radio
njut/a (-er njt njutit) enjoy pirat (-en -er) pirate
om ret per year radioaktivitet (-en) radioacti vi ty
nobelpristagare (-n -0) Nobel pri ze planer/a (-ar -ade -at) to plan
ombudsman (-nen ombudsmn) repre rak (-t -a) straight
wi nner plats (-en -er) place, room
sentative of the people; ombudsman ratt (-en -ar) steering ivheel
nog probably; (here: I think)
omelett (-en -er) omelet
pla tsbiljett
(-en -er) sent reservation
REA (short for 'realisation') sale
noggrann (noggrant noggranna) care ful (ticket)
omgende by return recept (-et -0) prescriplinn; recipe
noll nought, aero platsnummer (-numret -nummer) seat
omkring (abbrev. 'o') around redan already
nomad (-en -er) nomad number
omlggning (-en) change-over regel (-n regler) rule, regulation
Nordens Venedig the Venice of the plattform (-en -ar) plat form
omrde (-t -n) area regering (-en -ar) government
Norlh plock/a (-ar -ade -at) to pi ck
omsorgsfull (-t -a) careful regn/a (-ar -ade -at) to rai n
norr north plog/a (-ar -ade -at) to clear (of snow)
omvxlande alternati ng regnig (-t -a) rmny
Norrland the northern halfof Siveden plumpudding (-en -ar) Christmas
onsdag Wednesday rekommender/a (-ar -ade -at) lo
norrut northivards
ont i halsen a sore throal
pudding
recommend
not/a (-an -or) bill plnbok (-en plnbcker) wallet
ont i magen stomach-ache religion (-en -er) religion
november November pojk/e (-en -ar) boy
oper/a (-an -or) opera ren (-t -a) clean
nu nou polcirkeln the Arctic circle
ordn/a (-ar -ade -at) arrange; get; obtai n ren (-en -ar) reindeer
numera nowadays polisen the police
organisation (-en) organisation reningsverk (-et -0) sewage works
nummer (numret nummer) number polisstation (-en -er) police station
orttvis (-t -a) unfair rensktsel (-n) reindeer farming
nybak/ad (-at -ade) freshly baked politik (-en) politics; policy
oss us; ourselves res/a (-an -or) j ourney
nyckel (-n nycklar) key politisk poli tical
ost (-en -ar) cheese res/a (-er -te -t) to travel, erect; raise
nymalen (nymalet nymalna) freshly popkonsert pop concert
ostlig easterly resecheck (-en -ar) traveller's cheque
ground populr (-t -a) popular
o.s.v. (och s vidare) etc. reserver/a (-ar -ade -at) to reserve
nytt/a (-an) use post/a (-ar -ade -at) to post
ovanfr above reseskildring (-en -ar) travel account
ngon someone; anyone posten the post ojj ice
ovanlig (-t -a) unusual reslustkort (-et -0) discount travelcard
ngon annans somebody e/se's potatis (-en -ar) potato
rest (-en -er) rest
ngon (ngot ngra) some; any pack/a (-ar -ade -at) to pack potatismos (-et) mashed potatoes
restaurang (-en -er) restaurant
ngon som helst anybody pack/a (-ar -ade -at) upp to unpack praktikant (-en -er) trainee
ridning (-en) horse-riding
ngonstans anywhere; somewhere paket (-et -0) parcel praktiskt taget practically
riksdag (-en -ar) lhe Swedish parliament
ngot annat something else pann/a (-an -or) forehead prat/a (-ar -ade -at) to talk
riksd agsledamot
(-en -ledamter)
ngot/ngonting something; anything papp/a (-an -or) father present (-en -er) present
member of parliament
ni(r when paprik/a (-an -or) (sweet) peppers pris(-et -er) price
riktig (-t -a) real; true
nrhet (-en) vicinity par (et -0) pai r; couple pris (-et -er) prize
riktigt really; properly
nr som helst at any time; whenever park (-en -er) park prisldass (-en -er) price category
rimlig (-t -a) reasonable
nrmast (-e) nearest parkeringsplats (-en -er) car pai'k problem (-et -0) problem
ring/a (-er -de -t) to ring
ns/a (-an -or) nose parkett stalls procent per cent
ringla (-er -de -t) efter to ring for
nsta (the) next parti (-et -er) political party produkt (-en -er) product
ris (-et) rice
nstan almost pass (-et -0) passporl prov/a (-ar -ade -at) to try on
298 299
S WEDISH S WEDISH-EI V GL ISH GL OSSA R Y
risgrynsgrt (-en) (boi led) rice pudding se ut som look like, resemble skaldjur (-et -0) shellfish smrgsbord Swedish traditional buffet
roli g (-t -a) nice; fun
sedan afterwards skattkammare (-n -0) treasury snabb (-t -a) fast
rondell (-en -er) roundabout sedan dess since then skick/a (-ar -ade -at) snd snabbkp (-et -0) sel f seruice.shop,'
rostat brd toast sedan urminnes tider from time skidlov (-et -0) skiing uacalion
supermarket
rum (-met -0) room immemorial skild (-a) divorred snaps aquauit
runt around segelfartyg (-et -0) ui ndjammer skin/a (er sken skinit) Io shine snart soon
runt omkring around
segVa (-ar -ade -at) to sail skink/a (-an -or) barn snett diagonally
rygg (-en -ar) back
segling (-en -ar) sailing skjut/en (-e(.-na) shoi snll (-t -a) kind; well-behaved
ryska (-n) Russian (language)
sekreterare (-n -0) secretary skog (-en -ar) foresl snplog (-en -ar) snow-plough
rd (-et -0) advice
senap (-en) mustard skoVa (-an -or) school snskoter (-n snskotrar) snow-mobile
rka ut fr to beinuoluedin; meel uiith
senast at the lates! skolplikt (-en) compulsory schooli ng sock/a (-an -or) sock
rck/a (-er -te -t) to be enough september September Skottland Scotland socker (sockret socker) sugar
rdd (-a) afraid
serverla (-ar -ade -at) serve skott/e (-en -ar) Scot sockersjuka (-n) di abeles
rdd/a (-ar -ade -at) to saue serveras is serued skraml/a (-ar -ade -at) Io raffl sol (-en -ar) sun
rk/a (-an -or) prawn
servitris (-en -er) wai tress skritt (-en -er) publication solsken (-et -0) sunshine
r knia (-ar -ade -at) med to calculate
sex six skrivbord (-et -0) desk som as
rnt/a (-an -or) interest
sextio sixty skrmm/a (-er-de -t) to frighten som uho; which; lhat
rtt (-en -er) dish
sextionde sixtieth skrp (-et -0) rubbish som vanligt as usual
rtt (-en) right sexton sixleen skulle vilja ivould like Io sommar (-en somrar) summer
rd avgng discount departure
sextonde sixteenth skulle vilja ha iuould like to have son (-en sner) son
rd rtt rda red siffr/a (-an -or) figure skyddla (-ar -ade -at) to prolect sopsck (-en -ar) dustbi n
rdbe(,slag (-en) liquid from pickled
sig (sing.) hi mselflherseifli tselflonesel f skyddshelgon (-et -0) patron saint sort (-en -er) sort
beetroot sig (pl.) thmselues skyltfnster (-fnstret -0) shop iuindow sov/a (-er sov sovit) to sleep
rdspttla (-an -or) plai ce
signalhorn (-et -0) (tuta) hooter skynd/a (-ar -ade -at) sig to huriy sovrum (-met -0) bedroom
rdvin (-et) red uii ne simning (-en) swimming skdespelersk/a (-an -or) actress sovsck (-en -ar) sleepi ng-bag
rkare smoker
sin sitt sina bi s/ber/i tsltheir own skl! cheers! sovvagn (-en -ar) sleeper
rr/a (rr -de -t) sig to keep mouing
sittvagn (
en -ar) ordinary sent (on train) skp (-et -0) cupboard spanjor (-en -er) Spaniard
rrelse (-n -r) mouement
SJ (Statens Jrnvgar) the State skl (-et -0) reason spanska (-n) Spanish (language)
rstla (-ar -ade -at) vote
Railways skmd (aboul food) go off sparbanksbok (-en -bcker) sauings
rstrtt (-en) the right to uote sju seven skrp (-et -0) bell; sash book
rtt pris reduced price sjuk (-t -a) ill skn (-t -a) nice; comfortable; louely sparrisso pp/a (-an -or) asparagus soup
slita sig ifrn to tear oneself away
saffransbull/ e (-en -ar) saffron bun
sjukdoin (-en -ar) illness speVa (-ar -ade -at) Io play
slott (-et -0) palace; caslle
sak (-en -er) thi ng
sjukhus (-et -0) hospital spela skivor to play records
sekt/a (-ar -ade -at) farten to sloiu down
sjuksktersk/a (-an -or) nurse slut/a (-ar -ade-at) to finish spetsig (-t -a) poi nted
slutsld sold nu(
sallad (-en -er) salad
sjunde seventh spis (-en -ar) cooker; fireplace
sl (-r slog slagit) to hit; strike; chi me
salladshuvud (-et -en) le( tuce (lit. 'head
sjung/a (-er sjng sjungit) ing sport och idrott games and athletics
of lelluce')
sjuttio seventy sl (-r slog slagit) in to uirap sprick/a (-er sprack spruckit) to crack,
salt (-et) salt
sjuttionde seuentieth sl upp ett tlt to pilch a tent spli t
slkting (-en -ar) relati ve
sambo liue-in partner
sjutton seventeen sprid/a (-er -de spritt) sig io spread
slng/a (-er -de -t) ut to throw out
same (-n -r) Lapp, Laplander
sjuttonde seuenth spring/a (-er sprang sprungit) tv run
slppla (er -te -t) av to let out (of car)
samiska (-n) the language o f the Lapps
sjlv (-t -a) self sprit (-en) spirits; alcohol
sjlvklart obvious; natural sltt (-en -er) plain
samma same
sprk (-et -0) language
smak (-en -er) taste
sammankalVa (-ar -ade -at) to summon
sjlvservering self seruice spr (-et -0) track; Rne
smak/a (-ar -ade -at) Io taste
sann (sant sanna) true, real
sjtte sixth sprvagn (-en -ar) tram
smakstt/a (-er -satte -satt) season
scheina (-t -n) timetable
sj (-n -ar) lake spnna fast tnfasten
smal (-t -a) narrow
se (-r sg sett) to see
sjkapten (-en -er) (sea) captain spnnande thrilling
smitt/ad (-at -ade) infected; conlaminaled
se efter look after
ska det inte vara? wouldn't you like? stad (-en stder) city; louin
smultron (-et -0) iuild straivberries
se till bara see to il
ska (ska(ll) skulle skolat) shall stadshuset City Hall
ekad/a (-an -or) damag smrgs (-en -ar) sandivich standard (-en) standard
300

301
S IAIEDISH S WEDISH- ENGI. ISK GLOSSA R Y
stann/a (ar -ade -at) stop; stay stllning (-en -ar) position sdra southern ting (-et -0) (hist,) thing
starkt (about drinks) alcohol stmm/a (-er, stmde stmt) to be sndag Sunday tio ten
stat (-en -er) state correctlright tiokron/a (-an -or) 10 kronor coi n
T-centralen (abbrev. tunnelbanecen
statistik (-en) statistics stmpVa (-ar -ade -at) to stomp tionde tenth
tralen) undergrovnd
statligt std state subsidy stng/a (-er -de -t) to shut tisdag Tuesday
T-trj/a (-an -or) T-shi rt
statsminister (-n -ministrar) prime stld (-en -er) theft tittla (-ar -ade -at) to look
ta (-r tog tagit) to take
minister str/a (str -de -t) to disturb Tjernobylolyck/a (-an -or) the accident ot
ta det lugnt take i t easy
statstjnsteman (-nen -mn) ciuil strst (-a) largest Chernobyl
ta hand om take rare of
seruant succ (-n -er) success tjuga (s!angl 20-kronor note
ta med sig bring
staty (-n -er) statue sur sour; acid tjugo twenty
ta ut withdraw
stick/a (-ar-ade-at) to knit svamp (-en -ar) mushroom tjugokronorssedel (-n -sedlar) 20-kronor
ta (-r tog tagit) med to bri ng
stiftelse (-n -er) foundation svar (-et -0) ansiuer note
tablett (-en -er) tablet
stig/a (-er steg stigit) to step; ri se svensk Swedish tjugondag Knut tuenty days after
tack thank you; please
stig/a (-er steg stigit) pa to step in svensk (-en -ar) Su:ede Christmas
tack vare thanks to
stig/a (-er steg stigit) upp to get up svensk/a (-an -or) Swedish iuoman tjugonde twentieth
tack, detsamma! the same to you!
stil (-en -ar) style svenska (-n) Swedish (language) toalet t (-en -er) toi let
tacksam (-t tacksamma) grateful
stjrn/a (-an -or) star Sverige Sueden tolfte twelfth
tagit emot recei ued
stjrngoss/e (-en -ar) stor boy svger (-n svgrar) brother-in-lau tolv twelue
taVa (-ar -ade -at) to speak
stjrt (-en -ar) bottom; tai l svrighet (-en -er) di fficulty tomat (-en -er) tomato
taVa (-ar -ade -at) om to tell
stockholmar/e (-en -0) Stockholmer svgersk/a (-an -or) sister-in-law tomt (-en -er) private plot
tand (-en tnder) tooth
stol (-en -ar) chair svrdotter (-n --dttrar) daughter-indaw tonaring (-en -ar) teenager
tandlkare (-n -0) dentist
stopp/a (-ar -ade -at) to stop svrfar father-i n-law torg (-et -0) market-ploce
tank/a (-ar -ade -at) to fill up iuith petro!
storasyster big sister svrmor mother-in -law torgstnd (-et -0) market-stall
tapp/a (-ar -ade -at) tn lose
Storbritannien Great Bri tain svrson (-en -sner) son-in-law torsdag Thunsday
te (-et) tea
storebror big brother Sydamerika South America traditionellt traditionally
teater (-n teatrar) theatre
storlek (-en -ar) size sydlig (-t -a) southerly trafik (-en) traffic
teknik (-en -er) technology
storm/a (-ar -ade -at) to blou a gale sydspetsen the southernmost point trafikljus (-et -en) traffic-light
telefon (-en -er) telephone
storstad (-en -stder) big city symbol (-en -er) symbol trafikolyck/a (-an -or) road traff ic
telefonautomat (-en -er) payphone
strand (-en, strnder) beach synd pity; shame acci dent
temperatur (-en -er) temperature
strax soon syssling/nstkusin second cousi n tre three
tennis (-en) tennis
strax efter soon after system (-et -0) system tre trappor upp on the thi rd floor
termos (-en -ar) thermos
strax intill next door, right beside systerdotter (-n -dttrar) niece (si ster's tredje third
tesked (-en -ar) teaspoon
strumpbyxor tights daughter) trettio thirty
testamente (-t -n) will
student (-en -er) student systerson (-en -sner) nepheiu (sister's trettionde thirtieth
testamenter/a (-ar -ade -at) to bequeath
studentsk/a (-an -or) female student son) tretton thirteen
tid (-en -er) time
studerande (-n -0) student s so,how trettonde thirteenth
tidig(-t -a) early
studeranderabatt (-en -er) student s....som as.... as trevlig (-t -a) nice; pleasant
tidigt i frrgr early the day before
discount s.... som mjligt as... . as possi bie trevlig resa haue a nice journey
yesterday
styck (plurak stycken) eoch (lit. 'per s grna by all means; with pleasure tro (-r -dde -tt) belieue
tidning (-en -ar) neiuspaper
piece') sngersk/a (-an -or) female singer tron (-en -er) thrnne
till to; for
styr/a (styr -de -t) to steer sg/a (-er sa (de) sagt) say trkig (-t -a) bori ng; dull; a skams
till exempel (abbrev. t.ex.) for example
styvdotter stepdaughter sker (-t skra) sure; certain trkigt sad; unfortunate
(e.g,)
styvfar step father skert certainly; surely trff/a (-ar -ade -at) meet
till minne av in memory of
styvmor stepmother slj/a (-er salde slt) to sell trsko (-n -r) clogs
till slut in the end
styvson stepson sng (-en -ar) bed trj/a (-an -or) siueater
tillbaka back
st (-r stod sttt) to stand srskilt particularly trtt(trtt trtta) tired
tillgnglig (-t -a) accessi bie; auai lable
stnd (-et -0) estate stt/a (-er satte satt) put; place tumm/e (-en -ar) thumb
tillstt/a (-er -satte --satt) to add
std/a (-ar -ade -at) to ti dy up stta in deposit tunnel (-n tunnlar) tunnel
timm/e (-en -ar) hour
stdersk/a (-an -or) female cleaner sder south tur lurk
3G2 3G3
S III/EDISH
SWEOISH- ENGLI SH GLOSSA RY
tur och retur (abbrev. T. o. R.) return uppseende (-t) sensation
varandra each utber; one another vis/a (-ar -ade -at) sig to appeor
ti eket upptag/en (-et -tagna) busy; engaged;
varannan dag every other day vispgr(idde (-n) whipped cream
Turkiet Turkey booked
vardagsrum (-met -0) kitting room vissa certain
tusen thousand urgammal (-gammalt -gamla) ancient
varg (-en -ar) wolf vistelse (-n -r) to stay
tusende thousandlh ursprung (-et -0) origin
varier/a (-ar -ade -at) to uary vore where; uould be
tusenlapp (-en -ar) 1000-kronor note urskta excuse me; pardon
varifrn from where, iuhence vuxen vuxna adult
tut/a (-ar -ade -at) to hoot usch ugh; ooh
varm (-t -a) warm vykort (-et -0) poktcard
tv two ut/e oul
varmrtt (-en -er) main courke vning (-en -ar) fl uo; apartment
tvrgatla (-an -or) crossroad ut ur uut of
varningsmrke (-t -n) warning sign vningssng (-en -ar) bunk bed
tvrtom on the contrary; the oppokite utan without
varsgodla here yuu are, please vr (-t -a) our(s)
tyck/a (-er -te -t) to think; consider utanfr outside
vart uhere (lo) vr (-en -ar) spring
tyckerom (
stress ono) like utbildning (-en -ar) education
vart. . . , n wherever vck/a (-er -te -t) to wake; rouse
tycker om (stress ony) think o
f
ute outkide
varuhus (-et -0) department store vckarklock/a (-an -or) alarm clock
typisk (-t -a) typical utfart (-en -er) exi t
Vasaloppet the Vaka ski race vder (-vdret -0) tueather
tyska (-n) German (language) utlnning (-en -ar) foreigner
vatten, (vattnet -0) water
vg (-en -ar) road; way
tyvrr unfortunately utmrkt (-a) excellent
veck/a (-an -or) week vgkorsning (-en -ar! crossroadk
t (-n -r) toe utnyttj/a (-ar -ade -at) lo exercise
veckoslut(-et -en) iueekend vgskl (-et -0) croskroads (out of town)
tg (-et -0) train utnmn/a (-er -de -t) to appoint
vem som helst anybody; whoeuer vjningsplikt duty to giue tuay
tVa (-er -de -t) to agree wi th (about utom except
verand/a (-an -or) ueranda vl I kuppose; probably; ivell
food) utamhuS OutdOOrk
verk/a (-ar -ade -at) to seem vl markerad well-marked
tck/a (er -te -t) to couer utomlands abroad
verkligt really vldigt tremendously
tlt(-et -0) tent utsikt (-en -er) view
verkstad (-en -stder) garage vlj/a (-er valde valt) lo choose
tlt/a (-ar -ade -at) to camp utslt sold out
veta vet visste vetat to know vlkommen/vlkomna welcome
tnk/a(-er-te -t) to think; intend to utskt exquisite
vetenskaps/man (-mannen -inn) vlkn/d (-t -da) well-known
trn/a (-an -or) maid; attendant utveckl/a (-ar -ade -at) to deuelop
kcienlist vn (-nen -ner) friend
trstig (-t -a) thirsty
vninn/a (-an -or) female friend
vaclser (-t vackra) beautiful
vi we
ugn (-en -ar) ouen vad betrffar with regard to
vi ses see you vnj/a (-er vande vant) sig to get used to
underbar (-t -a) wonder ful vad som helst anything; whateuer
vi ses snart see you soon vnster left
vnt/a (-ar -ade -at) to wait
underlig (-t -a) curious vagn (-en -ar) coach
vid al; by
underteckn/a (-ar -ade --at) to sign vakn/a (-ar -ade -at) to wake up
vid halv nio-tiden around half pakt eighl vrdshus (-et -0) country inn
undervisning (-en) tuition
vrk/a (-er -te -t) ache
val (-et -0) election
vidd (-en -er) vast expanse; wide open
vrld (-en -ar) world
undr/a (-ar -ade -at) to wonder vald (valt valda) elected
space
ungdom (-en -ar) youth, young people
vrldsberm/d (-t -da) world.famous
valfri (valfritt valfria) of your own choice
video (-n), videoapparater uideo
ungdomsrabatt (-en -er) youth discount
vrldsmedborgare (-n -0) world ci tizen
vandr/a (-ar -ade -at) omkring to wander
viking (-en -ar) Viking
ungefr approximately
vrme (-n) heat
around
vikt (-en -er) weight
ungerska (-n) Hungarian (lang uage) vaniljss (-en -er) uanilla custard
viktig (-t -a) important vsk/a (-an -or) bag; suitcase
unik (-t -a) unique vanligast mast common
vild (vilt vilda) wild vster wckt
vstkustsallad west coast salad
upp/e up vanlig (-t -a) common; usual
vilken u!hat a
upp och ner upside-down vanligtvis usually
vilken (vilket vilka) which; whal vtsk/a (-an -or) liquid
uppfinnare (-n -0) inventor var where
vill du vara snll och... please vx/a (-er -te -t) to grow
uppfinning(-en-ar) invention
vxel (-n vxlar) gear; switchboard
var.... ifrdn from.... iuhere
vill grna would like tu
uppgiA (-en -er) detai l; information
vxelkurs (-en -er) exchange rale
var som helst anywhere; whereuer
vilse lost
uppifrn from aboue var/a (-ar -ade -at) last
viltstngsel (-stngslet -0) game fences vxelspak (-en -ar) gear leuer
uppkallad efter named after
vxl/a (-ar -ade -at) to change (money or
vara (r var varit) to be
vin- och spritrttigheter fully licenced
upplag/a (-an -or) edition vara med to lake part
vindrutetorkare (-n -0) u;indhcreenwiper geer)
upplevelse (-n -er) experience
vxlingsavgift (-en -er) commi skion;
vara med och bestmma take part in
vinlist/a (-an -or) wi ne list
upplysning (-en -ar) information decisi en maki ng
vinter (-n, vintrar) winter service charge
upprr/a (upprr -de -t) to upset vara rdd om lake care of
vis/a (-ar -ade -at) to show vxt(-en -er) plant
--- 304
305
S WEDISH
yr (-t -a) dizzy stlig (-t -a) easterly
yrke (-t -n) occupati on; profession stra eastern
yt/a (-an -or) sur face ver ouer; across; uia INDEX TO
ytterligare further vergngsst/tlle (-t -n) pedestrian
crossing NOTES
k/a (-er -te -t) to go; travel
verskott (-et) surplus
ka skidor to go skiing
verskrid/a (-er -skred -skridit) to
ka skridskor skate
exceed
lder (-nldrar) age
verta Va (-ar -ade -at) to persuade
lderdomshem (-met -0) old people's
vertyg/a (-ar -ade -at) to convince
home
r (-et -0) year
s (-en -ar) ridge
terlses is redeemed
tminstone at least
Adiecttves
Unit 3
tta eight
The indefinite form agreement with noun
Unit 8
ttio eighty
ttionde eightieth The definite form
Unit 6
ttonde eighth
Comparison of adjectives
L'k . . . om, samma. . . som,inte s.
.. som,
i a. .so
Unit 8
g/a (-er -de -t) to own
g/a (-er -de -t) rum to take place bttre n
Unit 14
ggrtt (-en -er) egg disk
Adjectives without endings
Unit 14
gn/a (-ar -ade -at) sig t to make a
Variations of the indefinite form
Unit 8
living from
Possessive adjectives
Unit 11
lg (-en -ar) elk
lsk/a (-ar -ade -at) to love Nationality adjectives
Unit 8
lv (-en-ar) river
Samma, nsta, fljande, fregende
Unit 17
mne (-t -n) subject
Hela, halva, frra, bda
Unit 15
n than
Adjectives used as nouns
Unit 15
nd/a (-an -ar) end
nde in i vr tid right up to our time
Adjectives refen ing to males ending in -e
Possessive adjective in English- end article
Unit 16
ng (-en -ar) meadow
ppelkak/a (-an -or) apple cake in Swedish
Units 6,8,10
pple (-t -n) apple
Difficult ad~ectives
pplemust applejuice
r is
rter peas
Adverbs
Unit 14
rv/a (-er -de -t) to inherit
Adjectives used as adverbs
Unit 14
t/a (-er t tit) to eat
Compaiison of adverbs
Position of negations and 'wandering' adverbs
Units 5,18
ven om euen i f
Unit 14
ventyrsfilm (-en -er) thriller
(-n -ar) island
Place adverbs indicating rest or motion
Units 9,12,14
g/a (-at -on) eye
Difficult adverbs
l(-et) deer
nsk/a (-ar -ade -at) to wish
ppen open
Coniunctions
Unit 17
ppn/a (-ar -ade -at) to open
Co-ordinating and subordinating conjunctions
rla (-at -on) ear
ster east
-- 307 -
306
S WEDISH I IV D E X T 0 6 R A JW IH A H IV 0 / E S
Interjections Prepositions
Interjections Units 1,16,17 Some common prepositions Unit 17
Prepositions in time expressions Units 3,4,12,14,18
Nouns Prepositions of repeated action Unit 16
Prepositions of place Units 4,7
Gender Unit 1
The indefinite article
No preposition corresponding to of in quantity
Unit 1
and measurement expressions Units 2,6
The definite article singular (attached to the
Diflicult prepositions Units 14,16
end of a noun) Unit 2
The additional definite article Unit 2
Pronouns
The plural forms Units 3,4,5,6,7,11
The definite article in plural (attached to the Subject forms of personal pronouns Unit 1
end of the noun) Unit 7 Object pronouns Unit 4
Noun survey Unit 7 Interrogative pronouns Unit 2
Pos session Unit 1 Relative pronouns Unit 5
Noun in the indefinite form but adjective in Demonstrative pronouns Unit 6
the definite form Unit 8 Indefinite pronouns Units 2,6,13
End article in Swedish possessive adjective Indefinite pronouns (man, ens, en) Unit 10
in English Unit 16 Reflexive pronouns Unit 10
Differences in the use of articles Units 1,16 Non-reflexive and reflexive possessives Unit 15
Nationality nouns Unit 11 Vem som, vad som, vilken som Unit 17
Noun endings denoting females Unit 16 Emphatic pronouns Unit 15
Difficult nouns Units 4,6,10,12,18
Pronunciation
Numerals
Difflcult pronunciation of loan-words Unit 11
Cardinal numbers 0 12 Unit 2
Cardinal numbers 13 100 Unit 3 Verbs
Cardinal numbers 24 1 000 000 000 000 Unit 5
The inflnitive Unit 1
Ordinal numbers Unit 13
Time by the clock
Units 1,2,11
Unit 3
The present tense
Dates
Continuous tense in English simple tense
Units 13,18
in Swedish Unit 1
The modal verbs Unit 2
Position of verbs
Orthography
Units 1,5,17
The past tense, I conjugation Unit 8
Small or capital letters Units 1,3,11,12 The past tense, II and III conjugation Unit 9
Spelling of words ending in -m or -n
Unit 13 The past tense, IV conjugation Unit 11
Spelling of words containing a double -m or -n Unit 13 The present perfect + the pluperfect and
the supine
Unit 10
The future tense Unit 12
308 309
S WEOISH
The imperative Unit 7
The present participle and the translation of
English -i ng forms Unit 13
The past participle Unit 16
The passive voice Units 15,16
The subjunctive (vore etc.) Unit 13
DiAerences in the use of tenses Unit 10
Reflexive verbs Unit 10
Verbs ending in -s Unit 15
Verbs with suffixes Unit 5
Separable and inseparable verbs Unit 16
Transitive and intransitive verbs Unit 18
Different verbal constructions Units 5,8
Verb expressions Unit 12
DiFicult verbs Units 3,4,7,9,10,
11,12,14,17,18
Word Order and Sentence Construction
Simple statements and questions Unit 1
Questions with question words Unit 5
Negative statements and questions Unit 5
Inverted word order in main clauses Unit 17
Straight word order in subordinate clauses Unit 17
Inverted word order if om is omitted Unit 17
The position of negations and 'wandering' adverbs Unit 18
- - 310- -