RESPUESTAS.

MATEMTICAS (Conocimientos previos)

1. a) = 1.78 g dm-3 = 0.00178 g cm-3 = 0.111 lb pie-3
b) P = 1.0 atm = 76.45 cmHg = 1016.84 mbar = 101930.28Pa
c) R = 0.0821 Latm mol-1K-1= 8.3169 Jmol-1K-1
2. a) 28100, b) 588.133, c) 3
3. y = 4x - 5
4. = 1/ 1- [ ln(Tf/Ti) / ln (Pf/Pi)]
5. 47
6. a) A x, b) 10 ln (x2/x1), c) a ln ( x2/x1) + bx + c/2(x22 x21 ) + g/3( x32 x31)
7. W = 0.766, Z = 0.233
8. K = 60
9. a) TK = ( TF + 459.67)/ 1.8, b) 1500F = 1,088.70 K
10. a) 20F = - 6.66 C, b) F = 20 = TC = -11.11
11. y = 19.8 x -0.659
12. a) c = 3x10-4t + 0.225, b) c = 0.236 cal g-1 C -1 a 36.5C,
c = 0.225 cal g-1 C -1 a 0C
13. a) P = 0.1239 atm, b) H = 8.157 kcal mol-1 c) log P = 7.9608 1785/T
14. a) T = 30C + 25C/km(x -3),
15. = 1/T

= 1/P

GAS (Modelo Ideal)

b) T = 330C, c) x = 13 km.

1. T = -253.9C = - 423.2F
2. T = 355C = 628.15K
3. P = 0.90 bar
4. P = 1.33x107 Pa
5. n = 28.125 mol , = 9.0 g L-1, P = 14.44 atm
6. T = 275.89K
7. V(O2) = 15.7 L
8. n = 2.58x10-4 moles
9. V(aparato) = 0.358 L
10. M = 30 g mol-1 ( C2H6)
11. M = 31.04 g mol-1 (NH2)2
12. R = 0.082059 atm L mol-1 K-1
13. = 1.4466 g L-1
14. Pm = -26.4 cmHg
15. a) de A a B: Proceso Isocrico, de B a C: Proceso Isobrico, b) T = 300K,
c) No se intersecta, con la lnea BC.

MEZCLAS DE GASES (Modelo Ideal)

1. P (CO2) = 179.4 kPa
2. m(He) = 0.0376g,

y (He) = 0.628

3. 29 % de O2, 70 % de N2
4. y (O2) = 0.239

-1-

5. a) P(N2) = 577.2, P (O2) = 155.4, P(Ar) = 6.8, P(CO2) = 2.2 en torr.

b) = 1.177 g L-1, m (aire) > m(estudiante)
6. P(CH4) = 2.5 kPa, P(H2) = 15 kPa.
y(CH4) = 0.1429, y(H2) = 0.8571
7. n(NH3) = 1.333 mol, n(H2) = 0.399 mol, n(N2) = 0.133 mol
8. 7.45 moles de CO2 mximo.
9. a) y(O2) = 0.5, y(N2) = 0.333, y(CO2) = 0.166
b) P(O2) = 3 atm, P(N2) = 2 atm, P(CO2) = 1 atm.
10. PT = 14.96 atm
11. a) y(N2) = 0.25, y(O2) = 0.25 y y(NH3) = 0.50
b) P(N2) = 12.5 atm, P(O2) = 12.5 atm y P (NH3) = 25 atm.
c) V(N2) = 3.75 L, V(O2) = 3.75 L y V(NH3) = 7.50L
12. (2) = 5.32x10-3 g L-1
13

PA / PB = 4

14. m (CO2) = 886.71 g

15. a) %n (CH4) = 89, %n (C2H6) = 5.3 y %n(N2) = 4.8
b) = 0.1356 lb pie-3, c) V(CH4) = 0.25 pie3, V(C2H6) = 0.0149 pie3
V(N2) = 0.01347 pie3

GASES REALES.
1. m = 15420 g
2. V = 3.77 L
3. Vid. = 3.54 pies3, Vvw = 2.965 pies3, Vz = 3.08 pie3
4. a = 6.45 atm L2 mol-2 ,

b = 0.056 L mol-1

-2-

5. 25C
6. = 94.9 g L-1
7. P = 37.6 atm
8. Vmolar = 0.63 L mol-1
9. a) m = 23.25 g

b) m = 22.08 g

10. TB = 434.8 K, TB = 308.75 K

11. Pid = 0.998 atm, Pvw = 0.9927 atm
12. V = 13.814 L
13. = 154.06 g L-1
14. V = 0.0473 L
15. Zc = 0.375
1
2

16. PV = nRT + ap 2
17. =

2RT P(V b)
a

T 3PV 2Pb 2RT +

TV

Vb
a
2ab
PV
+
TV TV 2

PRIMERA LEY DE LA TERMODINMICA. (Procesos Fsicos)

1. q = 73,220 J
2. qced = -39225 J, qg = 39225 J, Teq = 61.25C
3. a) Teq = 264.7 K, b) qced = -8368 J, qg = 8368 J
c) Teq = 293.26 K, qced = -16720 J, qabs = 13320 J
4. a) Teq = 30C, b) qabs (Al) = 907.3 J, qabs (Ag) = 1424 J,

-3-

qced(Zn) = -2337 J
5. Isotrmico, U = 0 , H = 0 y w = -q
a) w = -1600 J, b) w = -3200 J, c) w = -5273 J
6. U = 0, H = 0, q = - w ,

w = 2978.55 J

7. w = 0, U = q = 2000 J, H = 3330.24 J
8. U = 2082 J, qp = H = 2649.36 J, Cp323K = 38.81 J mol-1 K-1
9. w = 6872.74 J
10. w = 5095.6 J
11. a) q = 0, T2 = 214.62 K, U = w = -6001.08 J, H = - 8434.17 J
b)T2 = 182.08 K, U = w = 9235.17 J, H = - 12979.08 J
12. a) Tf = 717.04 K, b) = 1.7, c) U = -2800.7 J, H = - 4788.17 J
w = - 1988.17 J, q = - 811.83 J
13. Proceso PVn = K,

n = 3.5

14.
Proceso
I
II
III
ciclo

U ( J)
5585
-5959
372
0

H ( J)
7819
-8342
523
0

q ( J)
7819
-5959
0
1860

w ( J)
-2234
0
372
-1862

15. a) V1 = 2.93L, V2 = 17.1L, b) T2 = 204.70 K, c) U = -411.15 J,

H = -534.11 J
U
-1
= 0.23 J mol
V

16.

17. w = 5.287 x 10 -2 L atm = 5.3603 J

-4-


2a
RTb

V1 V2 (V1 b )(V2 b )

18. H = (V2 V1 )

19. w = 2727 J, q = 2746J, U = 18.5 J, H= 31.7 J

PRIMERA LEY DE LA TERMODINMICA (Procesos Qumicos)

1. K = 146.37 cal grado-1
2. U comb = -177.66 cal g-1
3. U comb = -1042.37 kcal, H comb = -1044.73 kcal
4. U (298K) = 10447.5 cal
5. U = 14565.15 cal
6. a) H (298K) = 270 cal, b) H (298K) = 27020 cal, c) H (298K) = -150850 cal
7. H(298K) = -58 kcal
8. H (298K) = - 300.09 kcal, H(1000K) = -302.95 kcal
9. a) H (408K) = -72.946 kJ, b) H (298K) = -804 kJ
10. H(393.15K) = 9522 cal mol-1
11. H = 40192.583 + 5.361T 7.993x10-3T2 31.926x10-7 T3 + 5.65x10-10 T4 +
1.169x105 T-1
12. H(298K) = U(298K) = 450 cal
13. (298K) = -32.727 kcal,

U(298K) = - 32.134 kcal

14. a) Reaccin exotrmica, b) U(298K) = -198.96 kJ

15. H(298K) = - 780.98 kcal, U(298K) = - 780.094 kcal

-5-

SEGUNDA LEY Y TERCERA LEY DE LA TERMODINMICA

(Entropa)
1. q2 = 10.036 kJ
2. T1 = 238.34 K
3. wc = 1405.46 kJ
4. w = -3.4953x105 J
5. a) w = 725.67 kJ,

b) Vf = 10.859L

6. S= -1817.35 J K-1,

U = -7.489x105 J,

H = -1.0485x106 J

7.
12
2-3
34
4-1
12
2-3
34
4-1

P (atm)
- 0.615
- 0.392
0.223
0.784
S ( J K-1 )
5.74
0
5.74
0

()
0
- 100
0
100
U ( J )
0
- 1247
0
1247

V(L)
20
33.5
-36.74
-16.74
H ( J )
0
-2078
0
2078

8. S total = 87.39 J K-1

9. Vf = 2 m3
10. ST = 236.525 J K-1
11. SM = 4.59 J K-1
12. Sv = 87.25 J mol-1 K-1, Sv = 88 J mol-1 K-1, Sv = 109.68J mol-1 K-1,
Sv = 108.80 J mol-1 K-1.
13. a) S298K = -409.90 J K-1, b) S298K = 179.07 J K-1, c) S298K = 174.62 J K-1

-6-

14. a) mayor energa interna y mayor entropa con 10g.

ENERGA LIBRE Y EQUILIBRIO.
1. investigar y llenar tabla.
2. a) G, A; b) todas; c) ninguna;
3. a) G = = 5,682.6 J
4. G = 583.78 J
5. a) G = A = -17 229 J, b) U = 0, H = 0, q = -w = 0, S = 57.4 J K-1
6. a) homognea; b) heterognea; c) homogneo, d) heterognea;
e) heterognea.
7. G(298K) = 23.40 kcal mol -1
8. G (298K) = - 20.02 J mol-1
9. G (298K) = - 14.056 kJ mol-1
10. a) Kp = [P(C2H2) P(H2)] / [P(C2H2)]; b) Kp = [P2 (NO2)] / [P2 (NO) P(O2)];
c) Kp = [P(SO3) P(NO)] / [P(NO2 ) P(SO2)]; d) Kp = [P2 (O3)] / [P3 (O2)]
11. Kp = 1.75x10-17
12. a) disminuyen,

b) no se afectan, c) aumentan,

d) no se afectan

13. a) disminuyen, b) aumentan, c) aumentan, d) aumentan.

14. S 25C = 25.71 J mol-1 K-1, H 25C = 11,494 J mol-1
15. Kp = 1.064
16. a) Kp = 8.603 x 10 -6 ; b) Kp = 3.223 x 10 -6 ; c) KX = 5 Kp = 1.6 x 10 -6
17. a) G = 4.73 kJ mol -1 ; b) Kp = 0.148 ; c) = 0.188 ; d) Kp = 125

-7-

18. a) = 0.2053; b) = 0.2614; c) Favorece la reaccin y acta como diluyente

19. a) Kp = 0.785 bar ; Kc = 0.316 mol dm-3 ; b) Kx = 0.785 ; c) P = 0.588 bar

-8-