Nathan Reese

Statistics 1040
Tue/Thur 3:00-5:20pm
Data Analysis Project: Exhale Study Data
Introductory Paragraph:
The point of this study is to examine ho smo!es more" ma#es or fema#es$ % i##
examine the data and ana#y&e ho has the hi'her num(er of smo!ers$ % i## use
di)erent samp#in' methods to determine a samp#e 'roup from the entire popu#ation
and then compare the resu#ts as far as ho many are smo!ers and of hat 'ender
they are$ *irst % i## sur+ey the entire popu#ation and record hat percenta'e of
ma#es and fema#es smo!e$ Then % i## use the systematic samp#in' method to ta!e
a samp#e of peop#e from the popu#ation and examine ho many smo!e$ Then % i##
use the random samp#in' method to ta!e a second samp#e and compare the resu#ts
ith the o+era## popu#ation as e## as the pre+ious systematic samp#e$
Population Information:
Smo!e
rs
,es No
-a#e 2. 310
*ema#
e
3/ 20/
-a#e Smo!ers" 41
-a#e Non-smo!ers" 401
*ema#e Smo!ers" .1
*ema#e Non-Smo!ers" 431
Male/Female Smoers
-a#e Non-smo!ers *ema#e Non-Smo!ers *ema#e Smo!ers -a#e Smo!ers
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Male/Female Smoers
Systematic Sample: 2'athered (y se#ectin' e+ery second person from the end of
the samp#e #ist3
4'e 5xha#e 6ie'ht
7ende
r
Smo!e
r
11
3$28 .. 1 0
11
2$822 .2 0 0
12
4$203 01 1 0
11
3$12 .1 0 1
12
3$082 .4$5 0 0
11
3$33/ .8$5 1 1
11
2$458 .0 0 0
13
3$141 .1 0 0
11
3$104 .0$5 0 1
14
4$0.3 .8 1 1
11
3$0./ .5 0 1
15
4$284 00 1 0
18
2$/0. .. 0 0
1/
3$51/ .. 0 1
10
4$42/ 00 1 0
15
4$5 00 1 0
15
2$.0/ .. 0 1
1/
3$345 .5$5 0 1
1.
3$380 ..$5 0 0
1.
2$/03 .3 0 1
15
5$0/3 ./ 1 0
18
4$22 .8 1 0
15
3$031 .0 1 0
10
3$5 .2 0 0
10
5$.33 03 1 0
15
3$33 .8$5 0 1
1.
3$.45 03$5 1 0
18
4$08. .0 1 1
1.
4$00 ./$5 1 1
1.
4$2// .. 1 0
15
2$2.4 .3 0 1
15
2$208 .0 0 1
10
5$.38 00 1 0
1.
4$20 .0 1 1
18
2$853 .0 0 0
15
3$211 ..$5 0 0
Smo!er ,es No
s
7ir#s 10 5
9oys / 12
Smo!er 7ir#s" 0$28
Smo!er 9oys" 0$14
Non-smo!er 7ir#s" 0$25
Non-smo!er 9oys" 0$33
Percentage of Male and Female Smoers
Non- Smo!er -a#es Smo!er *ema#es Smo!er -a#es Non-smo!er *ema#es
0
0$05
0$1
0$15
0$2
0$25
0$3
0$35
!andom Sample 2ta!en (y random#y se#ectin' samp#es3
4'e 5xha#e 6ei'ht
7ende
r
Smo!e
r:
13
4$232 00$5 1 0
12
3$341 .5$5 0 0
10
3$0/ .5 1 0
13
2$531 .1 1 0
12
2$/35 .5$5 1 0
10
2$5.8 .3$5 0 0
11
2$380 .0$5 1 0
12
2$4// .5 1 0
11
4$13 .0 1 0
12
3$001 .3$5 0 0
12
3$222 .1 0 0
11
3$28 .. 1 0
11
2$822 .2 0 0
14
2$//0 .4$5 0 0
11
2$5.2 .2$5 0 0
14
3$80. .8 1 0
13
3$152 .2 0 1
11
2$458 .0 0 0
10
2$3/1 5/$5 1 0
14
4$0.3 .8 1 1
11
3$0./ .5 0 1
15
4$284 00 1 0
1/
3$51/ .. 0 1
15
4$20/ .0$5 1 0
15
2$.35 .4 0 0
15
2$1/8 .2 0 1
1/
3$345 .5$5 0 1
10
3$082 .0 1 1
15
3$004 .4 0 1
10
3$5 .2 0 0
10
5$.33 03 1 0
1.
2$.08 .2 0 1
1.
4$00 ./$5 1 1
1.
2$/81 .. 0 0
1.
4$802 02 1 1
15
3$211 ..$5 0 0
Smo!er
s
,es No
-a#e 4 13
*ema#e 0 12
111
1/1
3.1
331
Male /Female Smoers
-a#e Smo!er *ema#e Smo!er
-a#e Non-Smo!er *ema#e Non-Smo!er
-a#e Non-Smo!er *ema#e Non-Smo!er *ema#e Smo!er -a#e Smo!er
13
12
0
4
Male/Female Smoers
!e"ections
The ay that % ent a(out 'atherin' the data samp#es ere as fo##os: *irst %
o(ser+ed the amount of ma#e and fema#e smo!ers out of the entire popu#ation and
recorded the resu#ts$ Then % too! to samp#es$ The ;rst as a systematic samp#e
that % 'athered (y systematica##y se#ectin' e+ery other person out of the a'e ran'es
here % !ne peop#e ere more #i!e#y to smo!e$ The second samp#e that % too! as
a random samp#e$ % too! this samp#e (y random#y 'oin' throu'h the #ist and
se#ectin' peop#e< ma!in' sure not to ha+e any pattern to the ay % as se#ectin'
them$
4s far as comparin' the resu#ts 'o$ The percenta'e of ma#e smo!ers out of the
entire popu#ation as 41 and the amount of fema#e smo!ers out of the entire
popu#ation as .1$
=ut of the systematic Samp#e: the amount of ma#e smo!ers as 251 and the
amount of fema#es that smo!es as 281$
=ut of the Random Samp#e the amount of ma#e smo!ers as 111 and fema#es
ere 201
%n this case the stastic of the samp#e is not an accurate representation of the entire
popu#ation$ The reason for this is (ecause hen % dre a samp#e usin' the
systematic method % speci;ca##y started at the end of the datas set and or!ed
(ac!ards e+eryo other one$ The reason this is not an accurate representation si
(ecause (y startin' athe end of the data set % am startin' ith peop#e ho are o#der
and at at an a'e more #i!e#y to smo!e$ The same ho#ds true for the random samp#e$
5+en thou'h % random#y se#ected peop#e from the popu#ation % random#y started at
the end of the data set that inc#uded o#der peop#e ho ere thus more #i!e#y to
smo!e$
%t is interestin' to not ho a statistic can (e ta!en that does not nessisari#y
represent the entire popu#ation (ased on the samp#in' method used to o(tain it$