Carnot Vapour compression Refrigeration

cycle
(a) Schematic representation (b) T-s diagram
Processes: -
1-2: Isentropic compression from state 1 (wet
vapour) to state 2 (saturated vapour)
2-3: Heat reection (!
H
) in the condenser
3-": Isentropic e#pansion from state 3 (saturated
$i%uid)
"-1: Heat absorption ( !
&
) in the evaporator
The '() of the refrigerator*
L H
L
L H
L L
R
T T
T
Q Q
Q
W
Q
COP

= = ) (

Practical Vapour compression refrigeration
cycle
(a) schematic diagram (b) T-s diagram
+pp$ication of the first $aw of thermod,namics
to the contro$ vo$ume compressor* condenser*
thrott$e and evaporator gives
(-
s
)
compressor
.h
2
-h
1
!
H
.h
2
-h
3
h
3
.h
"
and !
&
.h
1
-h
"
The '() of the refrigerator is given b,*
1 2
" 1
) (
h h
h h
W
Q
COP
L
R

= =
In the idea$ refrigeration c,c$e* the refrigerant
$eaves the evaporator as wet vapour/
In some cases the refrigerant $eaves the
evaporator as either saturated vapour or
superheated vapour/
T-s diagram for a vapour compression
refrigeration c,c$e when the refrigerant $eaves
the evaporator as (a) saturated vapour (b)
superheated vapour
Gas refrigeration cycle
(a) Schematic diagram (b) T-s diagram
The simp$est gas refrigeration c,c$e is the
reversed 0ra,ton c,c$e
Processes: -
1-2: isentropic compression for state 1
(atmospheric air) to state 2
2-3: energ, e#change with the surrounding* air
is coo$ed
3-": isentropic e#pansion to state "
-or1 obtained during the e#pansion process
can be used to run the compressor
-or1 done on the compressor*
) (
1 2 1 2
T T C h h W
p c
= =
-or1 de$ivered b, the e#pander*
) (
" 3 " 3
T T C h h W
p e
= =
The net wor1 re%uired. '
)
(T
2
-T
1
-T
3
2T
"
)
The '() of this refrigeration s,stem is given b,*
" 3 1 2
" 1
T T T T
T T
W
Q
COP
L
+

= =