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rapeceide Tle A paper by Michael Kevton
SPPEESISLERSWeghaesten at sapterser 2008, 07125 081
Uiile Tam busy ming the next artis for TE eam, her i an ofering by ancther mathematician, Michael on of Minas
Nethemetie and Scien keadems. In this paper, Hr Kaylan daasares abo the praperics of = irapesam Sore ofthe
Properder are knovin whereas many of these are unknown. T decovared the paper ulila searching fr ane af the properties
tthe trepesium harnely be sum ofthe squares ofthe d aganas of wapecium. Mr. Ke lon has graciously givens the
bertssion to publish the paper ch To, So here eit every che, die complote compendium ofthe propertce of = Wapezium
{dude diem in your arvory af formu
hoy tte dofred 3: 2 cuacrlatsral with scacty oro sav of aorall sis In ths tak, 1 il sroue thatthe doriben should bs
changod and tat ther is much mars to the traposeidthan is an Inia Back
Almost every theater aut a trapeze can be broken ints tno categories 5€° those that are really about parallel sides and those hatin some way incorporate @
FeSture of = quadloteral
no history ef gosmeny, many defirtons hav tosn hanged, some fram being exclusive to boing inclusive, An oxcluslve dofnton ic ons that separates other
treet om teina the came Saez rer mola. Sueid. a cece Sranale e defred te bo stranale win axa two eaual cides, Thus. an aculatratancle
IGhge aescles, kenge alle cofnitors af quacrlatercle are oclus'o. During the Poxs -Su0 Yoars, most oF Hace have bach chanced. New i avorY igh 2ore0|
‘Bitboske, ogultoralztanglasafe Evscolee, stances and rhemel are taralolocram, ana sauaros are rectangos and "rome. Tere aro swe Sdvartages ts having
IRausive etintons se" [) Stooroms for he mara festicod taco booarre coralsros for the Moro achoral esse and (2) converses de fot need to carts an Sears
ends
1 one contruction, ne ean easy ane thatthe parallelogram is special case of» trapecaid. Take tao pants on each of io parallel ines, The queateral formed
by using there pars ss trapeaod (or 2 paralslagram): Consequety, the definition fan be srengtnened by eluding tas eich. a why ithe dafintion maintained
Inthe tethacks? thik primary that many autirs Jo not sh ta go 2pains standard terminology, vost of the autars ave nt thought sbout the nears ih
rminciogy, they at not seovely engaged in dscovering and proving theorems in geometry, and thers sre na converses fr the bapezuid covered high schosl
Seamstry
‘Thus, for goss mathematical reasons letit™s change te definition ts:
A trapesid is» quadriateral with ot east coe par of paral sien
nth theoreme tha follom, some requir that pale of sos bo non-parall burthe parallel aso fells a= wel ususlly wth le cr na adckinal proof
While me are at tis change the some argument azplie tthe isosceles trapezoid and the reezangle. A simple construction shows thatthe rectangle is 9 special case
Of the fosesiestrepezan How then can we defn te soseeles trepeaid so tha toe reetengle f'n special ease, [oer 9 wanety af afferent definsons
(2) An isosceles trapezoid i = eydlic wapencid
(@) hn Sasecls trapatad isa vagezcid wh a par of supplementary oposite anales
(3) in Sosoeles wapesaid [sa vanezcid ots the ater par of sider antcparalel Meh respgc othe parallel sides.
(8) An Soooelos wapszaid = a vasezcid ots apa of congruent base snalse
(6) An soooelos wapazsid I a vanced ots carqruertdisconcle
Hoje ove aes the defin ans tht llr
‘The diacenter of 2 custilatrais the intersection pont ofthe slaconas
Kauord of = quadrlaterlis a segment nin endpoits an wo sdes of = ualatera
IK median ic quara wth endpains the dpe on cppasissices
High school geometry theorems about the trapezoid [T]:
1) The median joining the non-paralla| sides of a [T] is paralel to the
parse! sides.
2) The length of the median joining the non-parallel sides of a [T]is the
arithmetic average of the lengths of the parallel sides, Db :
3) The area ofa [T] is the height multiplied by the length of the median joining the non-parallel sides.
Combine this with the second theorem and the ather familiar theorem about a trapezoid 's obtained.
4) The diacenter divides the diagonals of a [7] proportionally to each
A B
ther and ta the bases ae
AO _ BO _ Ab
oc" 0p" cD
'5) The triangles formed by the diacenter and the non-parallel sides of a [T] are equiv
‘Area(SA0D) = area(B0C)
lent (equal in area),
A 8
6) The median joining the non-paralle| sides of a £7] intersect the diagonals