1

SESSION 6
END-PLATE MOMENT
CONNECTIONS
BRACING CONNECTIONS
2
MOMENT END-PLATE
CONNECTIONS
LRFD Configurations
4-Bolt Extended Unstiffened
3
4
Moment End-Plate Connections
LRFD Configurations
8-Bolt Extended Stiffened
5
6
Moment End-Plate Connections
New AISC Design Guide 16
Flush Configurations
7
Moment End-Plate Connections
New AISC Design Guide 16
Extended Configurations
8
Moment End-Plate Connections
LRFD Design
4-Bolt Extended Unstiffened
Assumptions:
No prying forces
Compression side bolts
resist all shear
9
Moment End-Plate Connections
LRFD Design
4-Bolt Extended Unstiffened
Design Model:
Finite Element Analysis
Regression Equations
10
Moment End-Plate Connections
LRFD Design
4-Bolt Extended Unstiffened
Limitations:
Not for seismic design
Pretensioned bolts
b
p
< b
f
+ 1 in.
g < b
f
g
b
p
11
Moment End-Plate Connections
Limit States:
Tension Bolt Fracture
End-Plate Flexural Strength
Tension Flange Weld
Web Welds
Compression Side Bolt Shear
12
Moment End-Plate Connections
Tension Bolt Fracture
r
u
= M
u
/ [4 (d - t
f
)]
r
u
< r
t
= 0.75 F
t
A
b
A325 F
t
= 90 ksi
A490 F
t
= 113 ksi
V
u
M
u
13
Moment End-Plate Connections
t
b
f
e
e fu m
eu
w
4
d
p
distance pitch effective p
4
p F

moment plate - end critical effective M
= == =
= == =

= == =
= == =
End-Plate Flexural Strength
F
fu
= factored beam flange force
= M
u
/ (d t
f
)
t
p
f
w
t
= 0.707 t
14
Moment End-Plate Connections
End-Plate Flexural Strength, Continued
C
a
= depends on F
y
of beam, end-plate,
and bolt type
C
b
= (b
f
/ b
p
)
1/2
4
1
b
e
3
1
w
f
b a m
d
p
A
A
C C
















= == =
4
p F
M
e fu m
eu

= == =
15
Table 12-1
16
Moment End-Plate Connections
End-Plate Flexural Strength
M
eu
< M
p
= F
y
Z
p
Z
p
= plastic section modulus
= b
p
t
p
2
/ 4
p y
eu
p
b F
M 4
t

> >> >
= 0.9
17
Moment End-Plate Connections
End-Plate Shear Strength
F
fu
< 0.75(0.6)F
u
(b
p
2d
h
) t
p
F
fu
< 0.9(0.6)F
y
b
p
t
p
bp
tp
18
Moment End-Plate Connections
Tension Flange Weld
Full penetration welds or fillet welds to
resist F
fu
Recommend developing strength of
flange
19
Moment End-Plate Connections
Web Welds
2 d
b
Weld designed to resist
web tension strength
Weld designed to
resist shear, V
u
20
V
u

r
v
> V
u
Moment End-Plate Connections
Compression Side Bolts
Alternate:
Design all bolts for
shear + tension
21
Moment End-Plate Connections
8-Bolt Extended Stiffened
Assumption:
Compression side bolts
resist all shear
22
Moment End-Plate Connections
8-Bolt Extended Stiffened
Design Model:
Finite Element Analysis
Regression Equations
23
Moment End-Plate Connections
8-Bolt Extended Stiffened
Limitations:
Not for seismic design
Pretensioned bolts
b
p
< b
f
+ 1 in.
g < b
f
p
g
24
Moment End-Plate Connections
8-Bolt Extended Stiffened
Limitations:
Only A325 bolts
p
f
< 2 1/2 in.
p
b
< 3 d
b
(vertical spacing)
5 1/2 in. < g < 7 1/2 in.
3/4 in. < d
b
< 1 1/2 in.
p
g
25
Moment End-Plate Connections
8-Bolt Extended Stiffened
Limit States:
Tension Bolt Rupture
End-Plate Flexural Strength
Tension Flange Weld
Web Welds
Compression Side Bolt Shear
Stiffener Strength
26
Moment End-Plate Connections
Tension Bolt Fracture
r
u
= M
u
/ [6 (d t
f
)]
6 bolts effective (due to prying)
r
u
< F
t
A
b
= 0.75 F
t
A
b
A325 F
t
= 90 ksi
(A490 not permitted)
V
u
M
u
27
Moment End-Plate Connections
End-Plate Flexural Strength
M
eu
= 2 r
u
(p
eff
/ 2) = r
u
p
eff
r
u
= M
u
/ [6 (d t
f
)] = force per bolt
t end-plate required
b F 9 . 0
M 4
t
pitch effective
17 . 4
p g p
p
p y
eu
p
2
f
2
f
eff
= == = > >> >
= == =
+ ++ +
= == =
28
Moment End-Plate Connections
Weld Design
Same rules as for 4-bolt
Compression side bolts
Design to resist shear
29
Moment End-Plate Connections
Stiffener Design Geometry
t
s
> (F
yb
/ F
ys
) t
w
1"
1"
30
t
s
30
Moment End-Plate Connections
Stiffener Design - Welds
F
fu
/ 2 or full pen.
F
fu
/ 2
31
Column Side Limit States at
Moment End-Plate Connections
M
u
V
u
Four Bolt Extended Unstiffened
32
Limit States
Local Flange Bending
Local Web Yielding
Local Web Crippling (K1.5)
Web Buckling (K1.6)
Panel Zone Yielding (K1.7)
Column Side / Moment End-Plate
33
Column Flange
Bending at Four
Bolt End-Plate
Think of end-plate turned 90
Column Flange End-Plate
Column Web Beam Flange
Column Side / Moment End-Plate
t
wc
c
2.5 c
34
Analyze column flange as an end-plate
with
t
p
= t
fc
b
p
= 2.5 c = 2.5 (p
f
+ t
fb
+ p
f
)
A
f
/ A
w
= 1.0
and previous equations
Column Side / Moment End-Plate
35
Local Web
Yielding
Column Side / Moment End-Plate
1
F
y
N = t
f
3
T
u
or C
u
1:1 Slope
L
c
r
L
cr
= t
fb
+ 2w +2 t
p
+ 6k
design
36
Same as previous except critical length:
R
n
= 1.0 F
yc
(t
fb
+ 6k + 2 t
p
+ 2w) t
wc
k = k
design
Local Web Crippling
Same as previous for flange and
flange plate connections
Column Side / Moment End-Plate
37
Web buckling
Same as previous for flange and
flange plate connections
Column Side / Moment End-Plate
38
BRACING CONNECTIONS
Light Bracing Connections
Heavy Bracing Connections
39
Light Bracing Connections
w.p.
T
u
40
Light Bracing Connections
Limit States
Angles: - Tension Yielding
- Tension Fracture
- Block Shear
Bolts: - Shear Fracture
- Bearing in Angles
and Gusset
T
u
w.p.
41
Light Bracing Connections
Plate:
- Tension Yielding on Whitmore Section
- Tension Fracture on Whitmore Section
- Block Shear
T
u
w.p.
42
Light Bracing Connections
Welds:
- Weld Fracture on Whitmore Section
T
u
w.p.
43
Light Bracing Connections
T
u
w.p.
44
Light Bracing Connections
Limit States
Angles:
- Tension Yielding
- Tension Fracture
- Block Shear
Weld:
- Weld Fracture
T
u
w.p.
45
Light Bracing Connections
Tee Stem:
- Tension Yielding on Whitmore Section
- Tension Fracture on Whitmore Section
- Block Shear
- Shear Yielding
T
u
w.p.
46
Light Bracing Connections
Tee Flange:
- Flange Bending
- Shear Yielding
- Shear Fracture
- Block Shear
T
u
w.p.
47
Light Bracing Connections
Bolts:
- Combined Shear Plus Tension
- Bearing on Tee Flange and Column
Flange
Column Flange:
- Flange Bending
Column Web:
- Web Yielding
T
u
w.p.
48
Heavy Bracing Connections
49
Heavy Bracing Connections
Gusset plate is welded to beam and
bolted to column
No new limit states!!
Forces determined using the Uniform
Force Method
50
51
o
w.p.

P
V = P cos
P = T cos

R
c
H
c V
c
V
b
H
b
R
b
e
c

e
b

52
Heavy Bracing Connections
Combining (1) and (2) and using angle
relationships
(2) cos R sin R sin P
0 F
(1) sin R cos R cos P
0 F
b b c c
x
b b c c
y
+ ++ + = == =
= == =
+ ++ + = == =
= == =


53
Heavy Bracing Connections
Column Forces
Beam forces
where
P
r
e
H P
r
V
c
c c
= == =

= == =
P
r
e
V P
r
H
b
b b
= == =

= == =
( (( ( ) )) ) ( (( ( ) )) )
2
b
2
c
e e r + ++ + + ++ + + ++ + = == =
54
Heavy Bracing Connections
Notes:
H
b
should be increased 40% to account for
redistribution of forces at gusset-to-beam
welds.
Connection at column is a tee hanger
Welds at beam resist shear plus tension
See LRFD Part 13 for other cases and for design
examples
55
END OF SESSION 6