PHYSICS

"manishkumarphysics.in"
1
+i4, zifa aii ai (WORK, POWER&ENERGY)
saiai
<l-+ i- n '+i' zi< +i ~i iil-+i + +i = li-- ti-i t l< (+ +ni ~- l= +z =ini- ln(
t( nni i t-- +i :-i + ti t -i lai- +i iiii n t +i: +i -ti + ti t ~ tn lai- +i
iiii n +i +i ~- +n
fa4a n zii +i4
+i +i ii l-+ ~i < l-+ i- = +i zi< = i li-- t < l-+ i- n +i + i n t--. i+i-. i=
~il< ti - t . -- ii l-+i n +i +i liili- +- +i lzi i -i+i t
+i : n l+=i -- +i l= n +i - t . n +i l<zii +i n-- l<zii +i zi + ~- l+=i ii l<zii n
l-iil- + < -i := n + ,ii +i l+i ni t
+i ti- + ln( l--- <i zi-i +i l- ~iz+ t
(i) (+ n nni-i ~l-i t
(ii) ~ii l- n. n +i n-- l<zii +i zi + ~- l+=i ii l<zii n --
+i l-iil- + <
ni-i l+=i --
F

n ~iil- +- t n +i l<zii n S

l-iil- ti i-i t -i l+i ni +i

W = FS
ti nil+ l-ii- tn zii n +i l<zii n -ti ti -i ni-i l-- n
F

l+=i -- ~ii l- t -ii := n ,ii --

n +i l<zii = u +i i l-iil- ti i-i t -i l+i ni +i n -ii l-ii- +i l-< n i-+n ti -i t
W = F

. S

- l+ +i . n -ii l-ii- +i l-< n i-+n t :=iln( t (+ ~l<zi ilzi t

W = FS cos u
i W = (F cos u)S
W = n +i l-ii- +i l<zii n i+ l-ii- +i lnii
~- +i . n +i l-ii- +i l<zii n i+ -ii l-ii- +i lnii +i n i-+n ti -i t
-ii W = F (S cos u)
i +i . l-ii- +i n +i l<zii n i+ -ii n + lnii +i n i-+n ti -i t
4 f-<
fifa(i)
u = 90 ai W = FS cos 90 = 0
a 4f< a n +t na f<zii fiifsa riat r, ai n zii f+4i n4i +i4 zi-4 riai r+
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
2
a<iri :
1. ni-i +i: -- -il- =-t l+=n ti t -= n n -ii ~lin-
l-l+i n ,ii l+i ni +i zi - ti ni +i l+ <i -i n (n n. ~lin-
l-l+i n) l-ii- + n-- +i + t t
:=i +i l< +i : l+- (i + ni) l= ii (i =ini-) i + - -n +in i ti t -i -=+ ,ii l+i
ni +i zi - ti ni (-i +- +ii + ~-=i)
2. ni-i (+ -- l-- -in = -i nl-ni- t -ii+i i + + l-< l-zii- =i ~li+ -< i n -ii l-ii-
- n-- t . ~- ~li+ -< i n ,ii l+i ni +i zi - t :=i +i +i : -n t -ii +-ii n nl- +-i
t -i n i+i i n l-ii- + =< n-- t-i t ~- n i+i i n ,ii l+i ni +i zi - ti -i t
3. l-zii- =i nl-ziin =n ni n+ + iin +i --i =< l-ii- + n-- ti -i t ~- --i n ,ii +i zi - ti ni
fifa (ii) :
S = 0 -i W = 0.
4f< n nnia + szia it a fiifsa art ri ai f+4i n4i +i4 zi-4 rini+
a<iri :
4f< y+ -4fa f+ut ii +i aai+ fi ii ri ai +i4 zi-4 rini+
fifa (iii) :
0 s u < 90 [fiiaui] ai cos u riai-+
a W(= FS cos u) riai-+ rini+
4f< n ii n +i ia+ fiisa +t f<zii ri ai
n + zii f+4i n4i +i4 riai-+ rini+
S
F
u(<90)
/kukRed d k; Z
a<iri :
1. ii i ni i ii -- =n ii ,ii nnii ni n -ii l-ii- (+ ti l<zii n ti - t ~- ii + ,ii l+i ni +i
i-in+ ti -i t
2. ii +i - -ai- n nnii ni n -ii l-ii- <i -i - +i ~i ti - t . ~- ii -ai- in n +i +i i-in+
ti -i t
3. l- n +i ii -- n . li-i n -ii l-ii- (+ ti l<zii n ti - t ~- li-i n +i +i i-in+ ti -i t
fifa (iv) :
90 < u s 180 (fiiaui), ai cosu wii-+ a W(= FS cos u) it wii-+ rini+
4f< iifsa n i ~ii l- n + i+ aii fiisa +t f<zii ss fsta ri ai n + zii f+4i n4i +i4
wii-+ riai r+
S
F
u( > 90)
_ . kkRed d k; Z
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
3
a<iri :
1. nl-ziin it- n + nni i- . n <+ n ,ii l+i ni +i +iin+ ti ni +i l+ + nni- + +ii ---
n <+ n +i l<zii. it- + l-ii- +i l<zii = li- ti -i t
2. l+=i -- +i i <i =-t l-iil- l+i i-i t -i ii i n ,ii l+i ni +i +iin+ ti-i t +i l+
ii i n -- + l-ii- +i li- l<zii n +i +-i t
3. l+=i -- +i - -aii i-i t -i n i n +i l<zii -i- +i ~i -ii l-ii- - +i ~i ti -i t ~-
n i n ,ii l+i ni +i +iin+ ti-i t
Example 1.
l-zi n -i l-il-i l<ii: n: t + i+= ii ilt- =-t ii t . + l-il- n i += =ni- n nni-
t <ilt-i ~i 'd' l-iil- ti i- t := l-ii- + <i i- n ,ii i += l+ n +i +i ~li+-n i-in+
+i = ~li+-n +iin+ +i + +n n lnli( (l-i- +il()
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ans. D, C, B, A
sat+i :
(D) u = 0, cos u = 1 (~li+-n ni-). ~- l+i ni +i ~li+-n
(C) u < 90, cos u i-in+ t. ~- W i-in+ tini
(B) u = 90, cos u zi- t. ~- W = 0
(A) u ~li++ii t -i, cos u +iin+ tini ~- W +iin+ tini
r ni zii f+4i n4i +i4
l< l+=i +i t- =i n +i- ti -i. W =
F

. S

=ni+i n
F

+i + n n F

E = l--iil- l+i i
=+-i t
E
F

=
F

1
+
F

2
+
F

3
+ .....
W = [EF

] . S

........... (i)
~- -i +- =ni+i ,ii. liini n ,ii +i +i S

l-iil- +- n l+i ni +i ai- l+i i =+-i t

W =
F

1
. S

+
F

2
. S

+
F

3
. S

+ .........
i W = W
1
+ W
2
+ W
3
+ ..........
~- +i l+i ni + n +i + n ,ii +i l+ n ~nn~nn +ii + i n + i ti -i t
r-si f-< :
1. +i l+=i ~--in i l-ii- + ln( ti -i t . -i-ili+ n +i -t -i-ili+ +i -ti ti -i t
2. l+=i l-lz-- l-ii- + ln(. n ,ii l+i ni +i nl- + +i l-i -ti +-i ~ii - it t l--
n. l-- i i n<- = nl- +
3. l+=i l-lz-- l-ii- + ln( +i =n l-i -ti +-i =ni- l-ii- + ln( +i =ni- ti ni -it
=n ~- i ~li+ ti
4. l< l+=i -- ~- + n +i - ti -i l+=i l-lz-- =ni--in + ln( l+=i (+ n ,ii l+i ni
+i ~- ni l-i -ti +-i
5. n l-< zi - zi l-i -ti +-i n l+- l-ii- l-< zi - zi l-i +-i t ~- n ,ii l+i ni +i
l-< zi - zi l-i +-i t ~ii - li--li-- l-< zi - zii n +i li--li-- ti -i t
6. l+=i +i i l-+i +i nl- -i n l- - +i + - - ti-i t
7. +i . l+=i -zii - i +-i ,ii ~ii l- n ,ii ti -i t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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+i4 +t r+ir
1. +i4 +t r+ir :
I. cgs ,l- n +i +i :+i: ~n ti-i t
~n l< l+=i -- 1 i:- n nni- = -- n n +i l<zii n (+ = ni. l-ii- ti -i n ,ii l+i ni +i
(+ ~n ti ni
1 ~n = 1 i:- 1 =ni = 1 ni. =ni. =
2
1 =ni = 1 ni. =ni
2
=.
2
aia- ~n +i i:- = ni ii +t- t
II. SI :+i: n (J) (~--i i nizi+ zl-) SI ,l- n +i +i nizi+ n t l= l=, ii l-+ lai-i -=
=-n n + -in ii ni ii
n l< l+=i -- (+ - - n nn- = -- n n +i l<zii n l-ii- (+ ni ti -i n ,ii --
l+i ni +i (+ n ti -i t
1 n = 1 -- 1 ni. = 1 l+ni 1 ni./=.
2
1 ni. = 1 l+ni. ni.
2
=.
2
aia n +i - - x ni ii +ti i-i t
n aii n uri
1 n = 1 -- 1 ni
1 n = 10
5
i:- 10
2
=ni = 10
7
i:- =ni
1 n = 10
7
~n
1 ~n = 10
7
n
+i4 +t fi :
[+i ] = [n] [<i] = [MLT
2
] [L] = [ML
2
] [T
2
]
+i4 <ni- +i lni = 1 , n-i: +i lni = 2 , =n +i lni = 2
lni = zi + ~iii +i +i nizi+. l+n i. ni
2
=
2
aia 1 l+ni x ni.
2
=.
2
= (1 l+ni ni. =.
2
) ni. = 1 -- x ni. = 1 n
Example 2. (+ <c <ii +i -+ (+ i-i n < + +i i-i t <ii ,ii n < ~iil- ~lin- l-l+i ,ii
l+i ni +i
(A) +ve (B) ve (C*) zi - (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Solution : - l+ n +i l+i l-< l-i t ~- ~lin- l-l+i ,ii l+i ni +i zi - t
Example 3. (+ l+ =icii -c-i t -i ~lin- l-l+i ,ii l+i ni +i
(A) +ve (B) ve (C*) zi - (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Solution : - l+ n +i l+i l-< l-i t ~- ~lin- l-l+i ,ii l+i ni +i zi - t
Example 4. (+ l+ <i -i zi +-i t . - -i l-+ ii i n ,ii l+i ni +i t ____________
Solution : - l+ n +i l+i l-< l-i t ~- -i l-+ ii i n ,ii l+i ni +i zi - t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
5
ffi-a iaf+ ni zii f+4i n4i +i4
(WORK DONE BY VARIOUS REAL FORCES)
Work done by gravity Force {n=- n zii f+4i n4i +i4)
Example 5.
10 m/s
10 m/s
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
100 m
(+ +i +i < ni- 2 kg t =ni- -in 10 m/s = -i li--li-- -i+i = l-zii- =i -i l- l+i i-i
t +i ii-n ln-i t. -= =n -+ n ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : W =
F

cos u = 2000 J t l-il- n

fin sfaf+4i zii f+4i n4i +i4 (Work done by normal reaction)
Example 6.
20kg A
B 10kg
100m
F=120N
(i) A 100 m l-ii- + <ii- n F ,ii l+i +i ai- +i
(ii) B 100 m l-ii- + <ii- n F ,ii l+i +i ai- +i
(iii) l< n l-ii- + ln( ~lin- l-l+i ,ii A-ii B l+i ni +i ai- +i
(iv) A-ii B +i ~-- n nl- -i ai- +i
Solution : (i) (W
F
)
onA
= FAS cos u
= 120 100 cos 0
= 12000 J
(ii) (W
F
)
on B
= 0
F, B +i -ti +-i t
(iii) 10 kg
B
N
4 m/s
2
N = 10 4 = 40 N
20 kg
A
120 40
(W
N
)
on B
= 40 100 cos 0
= 4000 J
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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(W
N
)
on A
= 40 100 cos 180 = 4000 J
(iv) v
2
= u
2
+ 2as u = 0
v
2
= 2 4 100 v = 20
2
m/s
KE
A
=
2
1
20 800 = 8000 J
KE
B
=
2
1
10 800 = 4000 J
A -ii B+ l-+i ~lin- l-l+i ,ii l+i ni +i zi - t ~- ~i--l+ l+i ,ii (+ < c l-+i
l+i +i zi - t
Example 7. (+ +i +i l-< A(1, 2) = B(3, 4) -+ ~iil- n F

= 2 i

+ 3 j

N ,ii l-iil- l+i i-i t F

,ii +i +i A= B -+ n i- n l+i ni +i ai- +i `.

Solution : W =
F

.
S A

>
A
(1,2)
B
(3,4)
AS = (3 1)
i

+ (4 2) j

= (2
i
+3 j

) . (2
i
+ 2 j

)
= 2 2 + 3 2 = 10 :+i:
ai
sfiiii
l+=i -- +i +i +- +i i +i + =+- +i ~i -l+ -in-i +i -i +t- t tn +t- t l+ (+ -- +
i= -i t :=+i ~i t l+ t +i + =+-i t
-i +: +i +i ti-i t. ilzi+ -i. l- -i. -ni -i. +izi -i. i=il-+ -i. nii -i -ili+i
-i ~il<
+ l- n ti- ini lli-- i-i~i n -i (+ = < = n i-l- ti -i t-i t
nfa ai
sfiiii
l+=i -- i l n -=+i nl- + +ii +i +- +i ~i -l+ -in-i +i nl- -i +t- t
nl- -i (+ ~l<zi ilzi t nl- -i -- +i nl- +i ~-ii = = li- ti -i t l+=i - -i: - - ti: ti
n -ii-i--i nl- -i ti-i t :=i +i l+=i nzii- + ii - +- lt n ii- nl- ti -i t
ni-i l+=i +i +i <ni- m -ii t -in v ni= . = nl- + ti t -in v +izi +i -in = t - +n t -i nl-
-i
2
1
K mv
2
=
nfa ai u ufria r-si f-<
1. <ni- m -ii v
2
( v . v

) =< i-in+ ti- t ~- nl- -i i-in+ ~l<zi ilzi t ~ii- nl- -i +iin+
-ti ti =+-i t
2. nl- -i l-< zi -zi l-i +-i t
K =
m 2
p
2
-ii P = K m 2 ; P = ii =n
-in v -- ,ii l+=i ii +i = i-- +i i =+-i t l+=i l-+i (+ii i --~i +i =nt) +i nl- -i
~nn~nn +i +i nl- -i~i + i n + i ti -i t
ni-i l+=i l-+i n 'n' +i t l-+ < ni- m
1
, m
2
, ......, m
n
t . :-+ n +nzi
1
v
,
2
v
, ..... ,
n
v
t ~- l-+i
+i + n nl- -i E
k
ti ni
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
7
E
k
=
2
1
m
1
v
1
2
+
2
1
m
2
v
2
2
+ ......... +
2
1
m
n
v
n
2
l< mnin n -ii n =ni=+ n ti -i nl- -i +i ni- ~n n ti-i t
l< m l+n i. n -ii n v ni=. n ti -i nl- -i +i ni- n n ti-i t
nl- -i +i :+i: +i +i :+i: + =ni- t t +i- =ii +i +i -i~i + ln( = t ~- -i ( +i
(+ <= n i--l- l+ i =+- t
ffzia nfa aiy (K) :
-l a- oLr q nzO; eku fdxzk- pky eh-@l s-
K
t wy
1
ok; qdsd. k ~
10
26
500
~
10
21
2
l hekar osx l sfxj r hi kuhdhcwan
3.5 10
5
9 1.4 10
3
3 10
eh- apkbZl sfxj r kgqvki RFkj
1 14 10
2
4
xksy h
5 10
5
200 10
3
5
nksM+r kgqvk/kkod
70 10 3.5 10
3
6
dkj
2000 25 6.3 10
5
nfa ai y un uri
ni-i l+=i -- +i < ni- m -ii t v n = nl- + ti t -i -=+i = n p = mv t
-- +i nl- -i, E
k
=
2
1
mv
2
E
k
=
m 2
1
(m
2
v
2
)
i E
k
=
m 2
p
2
i p =
k
mE 2
Example 8. l< -- +i nl- -i n 21%lz + <i i -i -- + = n + lnii n l-zi- lz ai- +i
Solution : E
k2
=
100
121
E
k1
i
2
1
m v
2
2
=
100
121
2
1
mv
1
2
i v
2
=
10
11
v
1
i mv
2
=
10
11
mv
1
i p
2
=
10
11
p
1
or
1
2
p
p
1 =
10
11
1 =
10
1
i
1
1 2
p
p p
100 =
10
1
100 = 10
~- = n + lnii n 10% lz ti ni
Example 9.
l<iii ni n 2 s + ln( +i +-i t. 10 kg 3 s n F ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
PHYSICS
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8
Solution : w = F

. S A

w = F

. S A

cos 0 w = 10 S A

~ 10 = 10 a a = 1 m/s
2
S =
2
1
at
2
=
2
1
1 2
2
= 2 m
w = 10 2 = 20 J
Example 10. 2 s + i< nl- -i ai- +i
Solution : V = 0 + at V = 1 2 = 2m/s
KE =
2
1
10 2
2
= 20 J
sfaazitn n zii f+4i n4i +i4
l< n +i lnii l<zii lzilln ti -i := l-il- + +n- + <i n +- l+i i =+-i t l-i n ,ii --
+i ~l-=-n (
s d

) l-iil- +- + ln( n +i l-- ni-i i =+-i t

dW =


F.ds
+ n +i ~l-= -n +ii + i n + i ti -i t
} }
u = =

B
A
B
A
B A
s d ) cos F ( s d . F W

~i-i+i i+i + <i n , F

= F
x
i

+ F
y
j

+ F
z
k

s d

= dx i

+ dy
j

+ dzk

} } }
+ + =

B
A
B
A
z y
B
A
x B A
y
y
z
z
x
x
dz F dy F dx F W
aia :- l< F
x
= f(x) , F
y
= f(y) , F
t
= f(t) - n =l-i- n ti- t
Example 11. (+ -- +i n N ) j

y 2 i

x 3 ( F
2
+ =

nni+ l-il- =l<zi m ) j

3 i

2 ( r
1
+ =

= m ) j

6 i

4 ( r
2
+ =

-+ l-iil-
l+i i-i t. := n ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution :
}
- =
f
i
r
r
r d F W

=
}
+ + - +
2
1
r
r
2
) k

dz j

dy i

dx ( ) j

y 2 i

x 3 (

=
}
+
2
1
r
r
2
) ydy 2 dx x 3 (

=
) 6 , 4 (
) 3 , 2 (
2 3
] y x [ + = 83 J Ans.
nfiisa + + r4 fii +i i+n
n i+i lli n . nl-ii- + + n lii -i zi+n +i + i ti -i t
F
x
/kukRed d k; Z
x
/kukRed d k; Z
y
F
y
_ . kkRed
F
z
/kukRed d k; Z
z
x-~-i + - +i -i zi+n i-in+ -ii x-~-i + -i- +i -i zi+n +iin+ ti -i t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
9
Example 12. (+ +i ~iil- n F = 0.5x + 10 t F -- -ii x ni. n t -i x = 0 = x = 2 ni -+ + l-ii-
+ ln( n ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : ~- l-ii- dx n l+i ni +i dW
dW = F

. dx
i dW = Fdx cos 0
i dW = Fdx [ cos 0 = 1]
+n +i , W =
} }
=
=
=
=
=
2 x
0 x
2 x
0 x
Fdx (0.5 x + 10)dx
=
} }
=
=
=
=
+
2 x
0 x
2 x
0 x
dx x 5 . 0 10 dx = 0.5
2 x
0 x
2
2
x
=
=
+ 10
2 x
0 x
x
=
=
=
2
5 . 0
[2
2
0
2
] + 10[2 0] = (1 + 20) = 21 n
sfaazitn n zii f+4i n4i +i4 W = } }
= ds F W d

Example 13. (+ -- +i n F

= x
i

+ 2y j

nni+ l-< A(1, 2) = B(0, 1) -+ l-iil- l+i i-i t -i n F

,ii -- +i A= B n i- n l+i ni +i ai- +i

Solution : dW = F

.
ds

>
A
(1,2)
B
(0,1)
dW = (x
i

+ 2y j

) (dx
i

+ dy
i

)
dW =
}
0
1
dx x
+
}
1
2
dy y 2
W = 3.5 J
Example 14. l< -- + =n n 10%+i lz + <i i -i nl- -i n l-zi- lz ai- +i
Solution : nl- -i n l-zi- lz = 21%
100
121
10
11
E
E
, v
10
11
v , mv
100
110
mv
2
1
2
1 2 1 2
= |
.
|

\
|
= = =
100
E
E E
1
1 2

= o`f) kr izfr' esa xfrt tkZ

= 21%
Example 15. l-zii-=i (+ =n l-i n F = 10 t (+ 10 kg +i -- ~iil- t
10kg
F = 10 t
t = 0
2 s n F ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : dW = F

. ds

dW = 10 t. dx
dW = 10 t v dt .............. (1) dx = vdt
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
10
-ii 10
dt
dv
= 10 t

}
v
0
dv =
}
t
0
dt t v =
2
t
2
................. (2)
=ni+i (1) (2) =
dW = 10 t .
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
t
2
dt
dW = 5t
3
dt
W =
4
5
| |
2
0
4
t
= 20 J
fsn n zii f+4i n4i +i4 (WORKDONEBY SPRINGFORCE)
Example 16.
i-i n l- n ~l--il- t (+ l+ (+ ~- n F = l- n +i ii --i zi +-i t . -i F ,ii := ii
ii x <i -+ ii-- n l+i ni +i ai- +i.
Solution :
}
dW
=
}
- ds F
=
}
x
0
dx x K
W =
x
0
2
2
Kx
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
Kx
2
Example 17. -i+- -<iti n
(i) +i +ti ni `
(ii) l- n ,ii <ii l+i ni +i zi- t . +i `
(iii) l- n n ,ii ~i<ni l+i ni +i t _______ .
Solution : (i) l-n n l-il- -i + n =nlt- ti ni t
(ii) zi -. +i l+ l-ii- zi - t
(iii)
2
Kx
2
1
Example 18. ~iil- n ,ii l- n +i iiii x = 2x l--il- +- n l+i ni +i ai- +i`
Solution : i-i n l- n x = l--il- t
F
L
N
x=x
x=0
2x
x = 2x
W =
F

.
ds

W = dx . x K
x 2
x
}
W =
x 2
x
2
2
Kx
(
(

=
2
3
Kx
2
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
:= l-il- -i + ~- = ii ai- l+i i =+-i t
i.e. U
f
=
2
1
K (2x)
2
= 2kx
2
U
i
=
2
1
kx
2
U
f
U
i
=
2
3
kx
2
-4 fa4a ni zii f+4i n4i +i4
(WORK DONE BY OTHER CONSTANT FORCES)
Example 19. (+ m<ni- + ni+ +i (+ l-+- . l-i u +i i + -- -n + -i l-< = zi i i-i t
~lin- l-l+i -ii n + ,ii ni+ + -i- ~i- -+ l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : W
N
= 0 +il+ F AS
W
g
= F

. S A

= mg . AS . cos (90 u) = mg AS sin u = mgh

Example 20. l--n l-< ni+ +i -in -ii :=+i nl- -i ai- +i
Solution : V
2
= u
2
+ 2as
V
2
= 0 + 2(g sin u)
u sin
h
V
2
= 2gh V = gh 2
KE =
2
1
mv
2
= mgh
aai + zii f+4i n4i +i4 (WORKDONE BYTENSION)
Example 21. (+ - nn + i +i lin-ii = =ini-- l-il- = l-zii- =i zi - t
-i A= B, B = C ~i C = A+ <ii- --i ,ii l+i ni +i ai-
+i
Solution : zi - +i l+ F
T
dS t =n
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
Example 22. -i+- z- n n + ,ii A= B -ii B = C i- n l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : W
g
=
F

.
S A

= mg AS cos u
W
g
= mg( cos u) for A to B
W
g
= mg ( cos u) for B to C
Example 23. l-+i lini-ii = zi i i-i t 10 kg +i ni+
ii-n t --i t - ai- +i
(i) 10 kg n + ,ii l+i ni +i
(ii) 5 kg n + ,ii l+i ni +i
(iii) --i ,ii 10 kg l+i ni +i
(iv) 5 kg --i ,ii l+i ni +i
Solution : (i) (W
g
)
10 kg
= 10 g x 2
= 200 J
(ii) (W
g
)
5kg
= 5 g 2 cos 180
= 100 J
(iii) (W
T
)
10 kg
=
3
200
2 cos 180
=
3
400
J
(iv) (W
T
)
5 kg
=
3
200
2 cos 0 =
3
400
J
--i + ,ii l+i ni + n +i zi - t ~i--l+ --i + ,ii l+i ni +i (l-+i n +i - --i) l-+i
tn zii zi- ti -i t l< n-i: l-- t-i t
Example 24. l-zii- =i l+=i -ii l-+i + Ani + +i n V
A
t . := -ii ni + B
+i n ai- +i
Solution : ~i--l+ --i ,ii l+i ni +i zi- t
A
T
T
2T
2T
4T
4T
8T
8T
16T
B X
A
X
B
<<<<
15 T X
B
T X
A
= 0
X
A
=15X
B
V
A
= 15 V
B
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13
Example 25. u -- +i i in -- -n + -i l-< = (+ m< ni- +i --
zii i-i t. -- -ii -- -n + n iii nii+
( < tan u) t -- - = -i- t--i t -i ~lin-
l-l+i. n -ii ii i + ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : W
N
= 0
F
N
AS
W
g
= mg sin u
W
f
= mg cos u .
Example 26. -i+- z- n -- +i l--n l-< nl- -i +i t`
Solution : V
2
= u
2
+ 2as
V
2
= 2(gsin u g cos u) ()
KE =
2
1
m 2 (g sin u g cos u)
= mg (sin u cos u)
iii + zii f+4i n4i +i4 (WORKDONEBYFRICTION)
Example 27. l< n l-zi n
(i) ~iil- n ,ii 2m + l-ii- + <ii- l+i ni +i ai- +i `.
(ii) A,ii B iii n + ,ii l-ii- + <ii- l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : (i) 100 2 cos 0 = 200 J
(ii) f
smax
= mg = 0.5 10 g = 50 N
ni-i <i-i =ii -n- t
100 = 20 a a = 5 m/s
2
A ii i +i i - +i
f = 10 5 = 50 N
f
reqd
= f
available
<i-i =ii -nn
~- (W
f
)
on B
= 100 J
(W
f
)
on A
= 100 J
}Net zero
~i--l+ -i l-+ ii i + ,ii l+i ni zi - t
Example 28. l-zii- =i l-+- ii-n i 10 kg + -ni + +i =-t (+
10 kg <ni- +i -- 10 m/s = -il- +i i-i t
(i) iii n +i +-i < + < - <i -i ni+ +i n ai- +i
(ii) A~i B +i n =ni- ti-i t :-+i l-ii- ai- +i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
Solution : (i)
10N
10
A
1m/s
2
10
B
1m/s
2
10N
V
A
= 10 1t V
B
= 1t
ii i +i +-i < +-i t
V
A
= V
B
10 t = t
10 = 2t t = 5 sec.
V
B
= V
A
= 5m/s
l-il- ti i ni
5m/s
5 m/s
(ii) S
A
= 10 x 5
2
1
1 5
2
= 37.5 m
S
B
=
2
1
1 5
2
= 12.5 m
Example 29. -i+- z- n A-ii B nl- iii ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : (W
KF
)
on
A = 10 37.5 cos 180 = 375 J
(W
KF
)
on
B = 10 12.5 cos 0
= 125 J
A B l-+i nl- iii ,ii l+i ni +i
= 375 + 125 = 250 J
l-+i nl- ii i ,ii l+i ni +i tn zii +iin+ ti -i t
--- -ni = (W
KF
) l-+i
(W
KF
) l-+i = (f
K
S
relative
)
= 10 25 = 250 J
u-4 / u-4 :
Example 30. l+=i -- nl- ii i ,ii l+i +i +ii zi - -ti ti =+-i t
Answer : ~=
Example 31. (+ l-+i nl- iii ,ii l+i +i tn zii +iin+ ti-i t
Answer : =
< n zii f+4i n4i +i4 (WORKDONE BY PSEUDOFORCE)
l+=i -- +i nl- -i - zi l-i +-i t +i l+ n - zi l-i ilzi t :=ln( z< n n +i +i ii n -i ti ni
Example 32. (+ 10kg +i ni + F=100 N+ n = ii-i i-i t il-i+ l-<
= 10 s n 500 m< i - +-i t nl- -i- -i+i A, B C+ ,ii
l-zii-=i <ii i-i t
A
a = 0
v=0
B
a=0
10m/s
C
u=0
a=10 m/s
2
A,B C ,ii <ii ni F ,ii 10 sec n l+i ni +i ai- +i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
Solution : A + =i -i (W
F
)
on block w.r.t A
= 100 500 J = 50,000 J
B + =i -i (W
F
)
on block w.r.t B
= 100 [500 10 10] = 40,000 J
C + =i -i (W
F
)
on block w.r.t C
= 100 [500 500] = 0
i-af+ n zii f+4i n4i +i4 (WORKDONE BYINTERNAL FORCE)
F
AB
= F
BA
i.e. ~i--l+ ni +i in zi- t
-- ~iz+ -ti t l+ ~i--l+ ni + ,ii l+i ni +i zi - ti ~i -l+ +i +- + ln( l-+i + n
-ii -ii - ii ti ni < c l +i l-il- n ~i--l+ n ,ii l+i ni +i zi- ti -i t
+i4 ai s4 (Work-Energy Theorem) :
+i -i n + ~- =i l+=i +i =ii ni ,ii l+i ni +i +i +i nl- -i n l- - + i ti -i t
W
C
+ W
NC
+ W
PS
= AK
ti , W
C
= =ii = -ii ni ,ii l+i ni +i
W
NC
= =ii ~= -ii ni ,ii l+i ni +i
W
PS
= z< n n (i ~iii=i n) ,ii l+i ni +i
+i4 ai s4 +i uziifria =s (Modified Form of Work-Energy Theorem) :
tn i-- t l+ l-il- -i =-ii ni = = li- ti -i t ~-
W
C
= AU
+i -i n + ~-=i
W
NC
+ W
PS
= AK + AU
W
NC
+ W
PS
= AE
Example 33. (+ m <ni- +i -- +i h --i: = zii i-i t -ii ii-n = gh -in = +i-i t
l-i ii n ,ii l+i ni +i t
Solution : ~l--n il-i+ l-il-i +i -ii =i ni +i t-i-i
W
g
+ W
i l-i i
+ W
~i--l+ n
= AK
mgh + W
i l-i i
+ 0 =
2
1
m
( )
2
gh
0
W
i l-i i
=
2
mgh

Example 34. -=i -i l- t . - (+ n-i: + =n ni n+ + i +i zi i i-i t . l--n l-< :=+i -in ai-
+i
Solution : W
g
+ W
T
= AK
B
u

A
O
mg + 0 =
2
1
mu
2
0
u = g 2
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
Example 35. (+ ni+ +i ---n + - l-zii- =i u -in <i i-i t
x
u

+i -i n +i -in +- t ni+ + i-i t -i x ai- +i

Solution : W
g
+ W
f
+ W
N
= AK
mg x sin u mgx cos u + 0 = 0
2
1
mu
2
x =
) cos (sin g 2
u
2
u + u
Example 36. M
1
-ii M
2
(M
2
> M
1
) <ni- lin-ii = zi i- t
M
1
M
2
+i -i n +i -in +- t x <i -n- t :-+i n ai- +i
Solution : (W
all F
)
l-+i
= (AK)
l-+i
(W
g
)
sys
+ (W
T
)
sys
= (AK)
sys
as (W
T
)
sys
= 0
M
2
gx M
1
gx =
2
1
(M
1
+ M
2
)V
2
0 ........... (1)
V =
2 1
1 2
M M
gx ) M M ( 2
+
Example 37. -i +- z- n ni+ +i i ai- +i `
Solution : (M
2
g M
1
g) =
2
1
(M
1
+ M
2
) 2v
dx
dv
[=ni+i (1) +i ~+n- +- ]

g
M M
M M
2 1
1 2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=
dx
dv
v
= a
Example 38. h --i: +i ni-i = (+ i +i il-i+ n u = -i l- l+i i-i t . + z =n z-i- i ii-n
ln i-i t ii-n = +i- =n :=+i -in ai- +i
Solution : W
all forces
= AK
u
>
W
g
= AK
mgh =
2
1
mv
2

2
1
mu
2
v = gh 2 u
2
+
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
zifa (Power) :
+i4 +a +t < +i zifa +ra r+
l+=i +i +i i +- n nni =n (~ii - +i l+--i ziii l+i ni t ) nt i ti -i t . -i t +i +- in
+-ii +i zil+- <zii -i t (i <lzi - +-i t )
l+=i +-i ,ii <i- ~i=- zil+- ( P or p
av
)
P or p
av
=
t
W
ti W, t =n n l+i ni +i t
zil+- <i ~l<zi ilzii +i -ii =n +i ~- i- t ~- t (+ ~l<zi ilzi t l< l< n +i +i +- n ~li+
=n nn-i t -i zil+- +n ti ni l< dt =ni-in n i-- zil+- Pti -i
dt
S d F
P

=
=
dt
S d
F

= F

. v

l-< n i-+n +i liiii =

u = cos FV P
ti u,
F

-ii
V

+ n ~- +i i t t -i-ili+ zil+- t t i-in+,

+iin+ i zi - ti =+-i t
Example 39. l+=i -=i + (+ l= (+ ni + ii t -ii (+ =ni- -ii nl- + ti t -=i ,ii ni + ~ii l-
n ,ii i-- zil+- +i ti ni+iin+. i-in+ i zi -`
Answer : zi -
sat+i F

-ii v

- n-- t
zil+- = F

. v

= Fv cos 90 = zi-.
zifa +t r+ir (Unit of Power) :
(+i + =n n l+i ni (+i + +i . (+i + zil+- + - - ti -i t
+i n n -ii =n t =+ n ti . -i zil+- +i :+i: n l- = + ti -i t . := tn i +t- t
1 i = 1 n/=+ = 10
7
~n/=+
-ii, 1 i =
lsd.M
eh wVu U;
1
. 1 1
= 1 -. ni. =.
1
.
zifa +i ft4 u i
[zil+-] =
] [
] [
le;
Z dk;
=
] T [
] T ML [
2 2
= [ML
2
T
3
]
zil+- n . < ni- +i lni = 1 , n-i: +i lni = 2 , =n +i lni = 3
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
18
-l a- ekuoh; f; k; sa ' kfDr (W)
1 fny dh/kM+du 1.2
2 l ksuk 83
3 cSBuk 120
4 dkj esacSBuk 140
5 i Sny pyuk(4.8 fdeh-@?kaVk) 265
6 l kbZfdy pykuk(15 fdeh-@?kaVk) 410
7 Vsful [ ksyuk 440
8 rSj uk (Nkrhdhrj Q l s, 1.6 fdeh-@?kaVk) 475
9 i fg; sokyst wrksai j pyuk 535
10 l hf<+; kp<+uk(, d feuV esa116 l h<+h) 685
11 l kbZfdy pykuk(21.3 fdeh-@?kaVk) 700
12 ckWLdsV ckWy [ ksyuk 800
13 V~; wc ykbZV 40
14 i a[ kk 60
Example 40 (+ -i l- =-t (+ ni + -i l- n 50 N+ ii n l-- n 1 m/s = -n-i t ii i -ii in n
+i zil+- +i t
Solution : -l+ a = 0 i.e. f
k
= 50 N
P
ext
= 50 1 = 50 W
P
f
= 50 1= 50 W
zil+- <i ni -i +i < ii ti -i t
+n zil+- = P
1
+ P
2
+ P
3
.............
P
net
=
dt
dW
1
+
dt
dW
2
...... P
net
=
|
.
|

\
| + +
dt
.......... dW dW
2 1
P
net
=
dt
dK
W
all
= AK
nl- -i n l- - +i < ii zil+- t
Example 41 (+ i +i -i l- = u +i i l+=i n = -i l- l+i i-i t -i ai- +i
(i) t =n + <ii- n +i ~i=- zil+-
(ii) =n t + <i i- n i n + +ii -i-ili+ zil+- ti t -- +in t
(iii) ~i =- zil+- + zi - t `
(iv) P
inst
+ zi - t `
(v) P
inst
+ +iin+ t `
(vi) P
inst
+ i-in+ t `
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
19
Solution : (i) <P> =
T
w
=
t
mgh
=
t
gt
2
1
t sin u mg
2
(

u
<P> =
(

u sin u
2
gt
mg
v
h
u
u
(ii) -i-ili+ zil+-
P = v F

= (mg j

) [ucosu
i
+ (usinu gt) j

) ]
= mg(usin u gt)
(iii)
u = sin u
2
gt
t =
g
sin u 2 u
, i.e. -- +in
(iv)
F

-ii V

n-- t ~ii- t =
g
sin u u
. i l+ ----n l-< t
(v) ~iii = ----n l-< -+
(vi) ----n l-< = ~iii -+
POTENTIAL ENERGY
ai :- +i +- +i ~i--l+ -in-i t
nfa ai :- nl- + +ii +i + =+- +i ~i -l+ -in-i ti -i t
fifa ai :- l+=i l-+i +i l-i= lzi i + +ii +i +- +i ~i--l+ -in-i +i l-il- -i +t- t
a<iri :- ni l-il- -i. l-n l-il- -i :il<
fifa ai (Potential Energy) :
sfiiii :
l+=i l-+i +i l-i= lzi i + +ii +i +- +i ~i--l+ -in-i +i l-il- -i +t- t
l+=i -- +i l-< zi l-< = <i n: l-il- -+ l-iil- +- n = -ii n ,ii l+ n +i +i +iin+ ni- -=
l-il- n -- +i l-il- -i + - - ti -i t
~- = -ii n -i zi n
} }
=
2
1
2
1
r
r
U
U
r d F dU

i.e.,
2
1
r
2 1
r
U U F dr W = =
}


ti -+ =i ti tn l-< zi -n ~--- ni-- t ~i ti l-il- -i zi - ni-- t
~- l< r
1
= -ii U
1
= 0 ti -i
W r d F U
r
= =
}

(a) ni l-il- -i
U = mgh
m <ni- + (+ +i + ln i l+ l-<lzi- -- = h --i: t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
20
Example 42 (+ (+=ni- -ii M<ni- n-i: +i z +i l-il- -i ai- +i

M
Solution :
x
dx
M
dU = dm gh
} }
|
.
|

\
|
=

0
U
0
gx dx
M
dU
U =
2
Mg
(b) l-n l-il- -i
U =
2
Kx
2
1
ti x =ini- n-i: = n-i: n l-- t
Note : n i l-il- -i +iin+, i-in+ i zi - ti =+-i t -- l- n l-il- -i tnzii i-in+ ti-i t
Example 43 l< n l-zi n (+ m= 5kg < ni- -ii =1m +i z (+ l=
+inl+- t z +i ii ii n +i t : ~-ii -+ ni- n ~ii l- n
,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i

u=60
F
app
m=5kg
= 1m
Solution : W
ALL
= AK +i -i n ,ii

F
app
mg
x
N
y
N
x
x =
2

cos 60 =
4
1
m = 0.25 m
K W W W W
Fapp g N N
y x
A = + + +
( 0 W W
y x
N N
= = )
0 mg(0.25) + W
Fapp
= 0 0
AK = 0 -l+ iiii ni- t
W
Fapp
= 5 9.8 0.25
<ii i =+-i t l+ W
Fapp
= mgh = 5 9.8 0.25 J.
Example 44 l-zii- =i <i ni l-il- n M<ni- n-i: +i (+=ni-
z ii t z +i l-il- -i ai- +i
U = O
M,
u
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
21
Solution :
U = O
M,
xsin u
d
x
x
u
dU = dm.g.h
}
dU
= }

0
M
dx . g . x sin u
U =
2
sin Mg u
i- < l+ z +i <ni- +-< ii-n =
|
.
|

\
|
u sin
2

--i: t
Example 45
(+ M< ni- +i i l-zii-=i ~znin ii t z +i l-il- -i ai- +i
Solution :
R
d
u
R
d
u
u
M
Rsinu
U = 0
tn i-- t l+
Radius
arc
= u
~ +i n-i: = Rdu
dm =
u
t
d
2 /
M
=
u
t
d
M 2
~ dU = dm gh =
|
.
|

\
|
u
t
d
M 2
(g) (R sinu)

}
U
0
dU
=
t
M 2
Rg
}
t
u
2 /
0
sin
du U =
t
MgR 2
( )
0
2 /
cos
t
u
U = Mg
|
.
|

\
|
t
R 2
[i- < l+
|
.
|

\
|
t
R 2
<ni- +-< +i --i: t]
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
22
Example 46 (+ (+=ni- ai= nini l=+i <ni- M-ii lzii Rt. -il- =-t ii t
M,R
ai= nin +i l-il- -i ai- +i
Solution : U = Mgh
cm
=nln- -- t- <ni- +-< -- + iln-i +-< ti-i t
U = MgR
Example 47 ni+ +i nl- +i- n + ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
M
M
U = 0 A
B
h
(i) A = B -+
(ii) B = A-+
(iii) ai- +i U
A
U
B
(iv) ai- +i U
B
U
A
Solution : (W
g
)
A to B
= mgh
(W
g
)
B to A
= mgh
U
A
U
B
= mgh
U
B
U
A
= mgh
+ti i =+-i t
W
g
= AU
n + ,ii l+i ni +i l-il- -i n l-- + +iin+ + i ti-i t
i.e. W
g
= [U
f
U
i
] W
g
= U
i
U
f
r-si a4
1. l-il- -i + n = -ii ni = = li- ti -i t t ~= -ii ni = = li- -ti ti -i
2. l-il- -i i-in+. +iin+ ti =+-i t -ii t l-< zi -zi +i l-il- l-i +-i t
3. l-il- -i l-< zi -zi l-i +-i t nl+- l-il- -i n l- - l-< zi -zi l-i -ti +-i
4. l-il- -i l+=i +i +i -ti l-+ l+=i l-+i +i ti-i t
5. l-il- -i l-il- +i +n- ti-i t n l+- i l-i -ti +-i
l- n n + ,ii l+i ni +i
-i +-i- =i W
SP
= AU
U = 0
k
U = 0
x = 0 x = x
U = 1/2 kx
2
W
SPF
= AU
W
SPF
= U
i
U
F
W
SPF
= 0
2
1
kx
2
=
2
1
kx
2
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
23
Example 48
M,L
Peg

i + l--n l= +i iiii -ai+ ii i- + <ii- in n ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i`

Solution :
M,L
Peg

i-i n U
i
= Mg
2
L
U
f
= Mg
4
L
W
g
= U
i
U
f
= (Mg
2
L
) (Mg
4
L
) = Mg
4
L
+i -i n =, W
g
+ W
ext
= AK = 0 W
ext
= W
g
= Mg
4
L
Example 49 -i +- -<iti n n i +i ii = ii in- + <i i- in n ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
Solution : U
i
= Mg
2
L
;
U
f
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

8
L
g
2
M

|
.
|

\
|
4
L
g
2
M
W
ext
= U
f
U
i
=
MgL
16
5
Example 50
K = 100 N/m
x=0
x=0.1 x=0.2
C B
A
A = B -ii B = C + <ii- l-n n ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i x = 0 i+l-+ n-i: +i l-il- t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
24
Solution : (W
spring
)
AB
= U
i
U
f
=
2
1
K (0.2)
2

2
1
K(0.1)
2
(W
spring
)
AB
=
2
3
J
:=i -t (W
spring
)
BC
=
2
1
J
Example 51 (a) m <ni- +i A= C-+ -i- lli-- ii = n i- t
(i) ABC
(ii) ADC
(iii) AC
-i-i l-il-i n n + ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
(b) < ni- +i A= C-+ -i- lli-- ii = n i- t
~ii l- n -i l- t ii i n + ,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i
(i) ABC
(ii) ADC
(iii) AC
Solution : (a) (i) mgh
(ii) mgh
(iii) mgh
(b) (i) W
ABC
= mg (a+b)
(ii) W
ADC
= mg (a+b)
(iii) W
AC
= mg (
2 2
b a +
)
u+it n (CONSERVATIVE FORCES)
l+=i n +i = -ii n +t- t . l< l+=i -- +i nil- +i- n n + ,ii i lz l+i ni +i
(a) + n ~il-i+ ( ~ l-n l-il- ti l-i +-i t i l-i -ti +-i t
(b) ~ l-n ( ~il-i+ l-il-i + n i +i + l- l-i -ti +-i t
-i +- l-zii-=i ni-i m < ni- +i -- +i -i i h - -i: -+ -aii i-i t -i l+i ni +i mgh t l<
-- +i l-zi (b) n <zii i + ~- =i n i -i -i l- nl- + <i i- +i zi - ti -i t n l+- -i i iin in i
= n i- +i +i ni- mgh i-- ti -i t
~ -- +i l-zi (C) n <zii ( l-z+ i = n i- t l< tn =- i i +i = -n -i l- -ii -i i iini n liil-
+ < -i -i l- iini n l+i ni +i zi - ti -i t -ii -i i iini +i i - l+i ni +i - mgh i-- ti -i
t
~- l+=i -- +i n i+i i + lz - -ai- n l+i ni +i i l-i -ti +-i t
t -- +i il-i+ -ii ~l--n l-il- l-i +-i t ~- n n (+ = -ii n ti -i t
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
25
u+it n + a<iri
(i) n i+i i n + n i + +ii ti -ti ti -i. :=+i i+ =i lzi+ n i+i i n + l-n = i--
ti -i t t = -ii n ti -i t
(ii) l+=i li -i t : i = il- l- n n l- n n = -ii n ti -i t
(iii) <i ~i zii + n nn- ini l-i - n = -ii n ti -i t
(iv) <i - -+i i i + n nn- ini - -+i n = -ii n ti -i t
<i -- ~i + + -< i +i i - ini ii + ~- l<zi nn- ini n + -< i n +tni-i t n i+i i n -ii l-i
- n + -< i n ti - t + -<i n =< =-ii n ti - t
u+it ni + ni
(i) = -ii n + ,ii i = -ii n + lz l+i ni +i + n -- +i ~l--n -ii il-i+ l-il- l-i +-i t
(ii) = -ii n + ,ii i = -ii n + lz l+i ni +i -- +i il-i+ -ii ~l--n l-il-i + n - l+ n i
+i +l- l-i -ti +-i t
;fn fdlh oLrq dks ] oLrq dh izkjfEHkd fLFkfr ls vfUre fLFkfr rd ys tkus es a cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z iFk ij fuHkZj
ugha djs rks cy laj{kh gksrk gSA
(iii) = -ii n ,ii i = -ii n + lz -< i + ~- l<zi l+i ni +i zi - ti -i t
;fn fdlh oLrq dks cUn iFk ds vuqfn'k ys tkus esa cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z 'kwU; gS rks cy laj{kh gksrk gSA vU;Fkk
cy vlaj{kh gksrk gSA
fLFkfrt tkZ laj{kh cy vFkok laj{kh cy {ks=k ls lacaf/kr gksrh gSA
(iv) = -ii n ,ii l+ n +i +i - il-- = i t
dk;Z dh iqu% izkfIr laj{kh cy dk egRoiw.kZ rF; gSA
u+it n
l< l+=i -- n + ,ii ~ii n + lz l+i ni +i ~il-i+ l-il- ( ~ l-n l-il- + n i l-i
+-i t -i n ~= -ii ti -i t
ii i n ~= -ii n ti - t ii i n + ,ii l+i ni +i i +i n-i: l-i +-i t t ~ l-n ( ~il-i+
l-il-i l-i -ti +-i t (+ i l+ni n ii i n + ,ii l+i ni +i zi - -ti ti -i t
~= -ii n + -<iti n l-i n = i l-i i. zi- n. -ii - -+i n ~il<
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
26
-l a- l aj {khcy vl aj {khcy
1
dk; Zi Fki j fuHkZj ughadj r kA dk; Zi Fki j fuHkZj dj r kgSA
2
can i Fkesadk; Z' kwU; gksr kgSA can i Fkesadk; Z' kw U; ughagksr kgSA
3
dsUnzh; cy gksr sgSA
osx i j fuHkZj dj r kgSr Fkkvoeanu i zd`fr ds
cyA
4
t c fdl hfudk; i j dsoy l aj {khcy dk; Zj r gksr ks
fudk; dhxfr t t kZvFkokfLFkfr t t kZi fj ofr Zr gks
l dr hgSfdUr qbudk; ksx vFkkZr ~fudk; dh; kaf=kd
t kZvi fj ofr Zr j gr hgSA
vl aj {khcy ds} kj kfd; kx; kdk; Z
l kekU; r ; k"ekt kZesai fj ofr Zr gksdj
; kaf=kd t kZesadehdj r kgSA
5
fd; sx; sdk; Zdhi qu%i zkfIr l aHko gSA fd; sx; sdk; Zdhi qu%i zkfIr l EHko ughagSA
Example 52. l-zii- =i a -ii b l-< -i- ii ,ii t l+=i +i F
n nni+ <lzi - + i +i l<zii + ~- l<zi n ii i-i
t -i +i <i n: = --i + ~iii n ' F ' = -ii t
Answer : -ti
+ii : = -ii n + ln(. < i n l+i ni +i zi - ti -i ~iz+ t
Example 53 (+ +i +i l-< A(0, 0) = l-< B(2, 3) -+ l-iil- +- n n
F

=x
i

+y j

,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i

Solution : dW =
F

.ds = (x i

+ y j

).(dx i

+ dy j

)
W =
}
2
0
xdx +
}
3
0
ydy =
2
0
2
2
x
(
(

+
3
0
2
2
y
(
(

=
2
13
:+i:
u-4 4i u-4
Example 54. (+ ~ =-ii n ,ii l+i ni +i <i lli-- ii + ~- l<zi tn zii li-- ti ni
Answer : ~=
Example 55. ~= -ii n + ,ii l+i ni +i <i lli-- ii + ~- l<zi li-- ti =+-i t
Answer : =
Example 56. ~= -ii n + ,ii l+i ni +i =ii = i ii + ~- l<zi =ni- -ti ti =+-i t
Answer : =
Example 57. (+ +i +i l-< O(0, 0) = l-< C(2, 2) -+ l-iil- +- n n
F

= x
i

+xy j

+ ,ii l+i ni +i
ai- +i
Solution :
}
dW
=
}
2
0
xdx
+
}
2
0
xydy
ai- l+i i =+-i t ai- -ti l+i i =+-i t
-+ x, y + <i n ai- -ti ti
i i +i =ni+i ai- -ti ti
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
27
Example 58. -i+- -<iti n O= C + <ii- F

,ii l+i ni +i ai- +i l< i l-zii-=i l<i ti

Solution : OAC OA + AC
OA + ln( y = 0 dy = 0

}
OA
dW
=
}
2
0
xdx + 0 W
OA
= 2 J
AC + ln x = 2 dx = 0
}
AC
dW
= 0 + 2
}
2
0
ydy
W
AC
= 4J
W
OAC
= W
OA
+ W
AC
= 2 + 4 = 6J
(ii) OBC OB + BC
OB + ln( x = 0 dx = 0 W
OB
= O
BC + ln( y = 2 dy = 0

}
dW
=
}
xdx
W =
2
0
2
2
x
(
(

= 2
W
OAC
=
W
OBC
- l+ n ~= -ii t
(iii) W
OC
+ ln( dW = xdy + xydx
OC + ln( x = y dx = dy
dW =
}
2
0
xdx +
}
2
0
2
dy y W =
3
14
unit
Example 59 l< n ii + ~- l<zi l-< O= C-+ l-iil- +- n n
F

= y
i
+ x j

+ ,ii l+i ni ai- +i ai- +i l+ n

= -ii t i ~= -ii t
Solution : (i) OAC OA + AC
OA + ln y = 0 dy = 0
dW = 0 W
OA
= 0
AC + ln x = 2 dx = 0
}
dW
=
}
3
0
dy
W = 6 J W
OAC
= 6 :+i:
(ii) OBC OB + BC
OB + ln x = 0 dx = 0 dW = 0
BC + ln y = 3 dy = 0
}
dW
=
}
2
0
dx 3 W = 6 :+i: W
OBC
= 6 :+i:
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
28
(iii) OC
OC + ln y =
2
3
x dy =
2
3
dx

}
dW
=
}
2
0
xdx
2
3
+
}
2
0
xdx
2
3

}
dW
= 3
}
2
0
2
dx x
W
OC
= 6 :+i:
-i +- n = -ii nn ti t tn l-lz-- -i -ti +t =+- -+ tn :=+ i +i i-+ii -ti
t -- l+ ii tn :=+i =ni+n- + =+- t
<ii tni i= t dw = xdy + ydx & xdy + ydx lnii i =+-i t dxy

}
dW
=
}
xy d
W =
}
3 , 2
0 , 0
dxy
= | |
3 , 2
0 , 0
xy = 6J
asia +i ui+na +a + fn4 si +t ia+it riai =t art r a asia F u+it r+
fifa ai aii u+it n (POTENTIAL ENERGY AND CONSERVATIVE FORCE)
F
S
= cU/ cs,
~ii - l-ii- 'dr' +i l<zii n l< n l-< n =l<zi F, <i n: l<zii + =i -i l-il- -i U+ ~+n- + li-
l--t + i ti -i t ~i lzi+ ~+n- c/ cs +i ~- i n (+ l-lz-- l<zii + =i -i ~+n- + ln( +- t
~- +n- U+ x, y, z + =i -i li- l--t + ~i lzi+ ~+n- i-- ti - . tn n =l<zi F + i, j -ii k (+i +
=l<zi -i +nzi F
x
, F
y
-ii F
z
i-- ti - t := +i. ~i=i-i = =l<zi i-- + =+- t F = F
x
i + F
u
j + F
z
k,
i = -ii n i-in+ +i +- t -i l-il- -i i-i t
dU = dw
dU = F.ds
dU = (F
x i
+ F
y
j

+ F
z k
) .(dx
i

+ dy j

+ dzk

)
dU = F
x
dx F
y
dy F
z
dz
l< y -ii z l-- ti -i. dy = 0 dz = 0
dU = F
x
dx
F
x
=
dx
dU
l< y z l-- ti -i
F
x
=
x
U
c
c
:=i -t F
y
=
y
u
c
c
; F
z
=
z
u
c
c
F = |
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
k j i
z
U
y
U
x
U
.
+i a+ + ~-< i-- ilzi +i cin i n U i AU= <lzi- +- t tn AU +i i n + n l=+i i n =n
tini ti V (-ni) =i + l-+ =l<zi +i -i-i t
V =
z y x c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
k j i
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
29
fifa ai + (Potential Energy curve) :
(a) l+=i +i +i l-il- -i ~i +i + n -i zi + + -<
= l-ii- + n + l-il- -i + +tni-i t
.
(b) n i+ = . lli-- l-il-i +i +i nl- +i < ai- +i
i =+-i t
(c) +i n F
(x)
=
dx
dU
Case : I x +i ni- ci- , l< U+i ni- c-i t -i n () ve x l<zii n ti-i t ~ii- ~i+i i n
Case : II x +i ni- ci- . l< Un +ni ti-i t -i n (+) x l<zii n tini ~ii- l-+i i n
Example 60. l- n +i l-il- -i U=
2
1
kx
2
= <i ni t , ti x l- n n l--i t . := l-il- -i = =-l-i- n
ai- +i
Solution : F
x
=
x
u
c
c
= kx F
y
= 0 F
z
= 0.
Example 61. n +- -izi n (+ +i +i l-il- -i U= x
2
+ y
2
t `
:= l-il- -i = =-l-i- n ai- +i
Solution : F
x
=
x
u
c
c
= [2x + 0] = 2x
F
y
=
y
u
c
c
= (2y + 0) = 2y
F

= 2x i

2y j

Example 62. l< n n

F

= 2x i

2y j

+i l-il- -i ai- +i
Solution : dU = dW
}
dU
=
) j

dy i

dx ( ) j

y 2 i

x 2 ( + -
}

}
dU
=
} }
+ ydy 2 xdx 2
U = x
2 +
y
2
+ C
Example 63 n F = y
i

+ x j

+i l-il- -i ai- +i
Solution : dU = dW
dU = (y i

+ x j

) . (dx i

+ dy j

)
}
dU
=
} }
+ xdy ydx

}
dU
=
}
dxy
U = xy + c
Example 64 l-il- -i U = xy + ln n ai- +i
Solution :
F

= (

c
c
+
c
c
j

y
U
i

x
U

= (

c
c
+
c
c
j

y
) xy (
i

y
) xy (
F

= y
i

+ x j

~- lzn -<iti +i i-- t

PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
30
y+ +i +t ui4ii
+i +t ffi-a fifa
ui4ii +t fifa l< l+=i -- +i - it ni +i + n i n zi - ti -i -- =i--ii n ti -i t
l kE; oLFkk dsfy ,
dx
dU
= 0. l-il- -i + n l-< P, Q, R -ii S =i- l-< +tni- t
ui4ii + s+i :
ii4t ui4ii : l+=i +i +i =i--ii = ~- l-iil- +- -- +i - liini n l<
-- +i - =i--ii n n ~i-i t -i := -iii =i-i-ii +t- t
~iz+ zi- :
dx
dU
= 0, ~ii -
2
2
dx
U d
= +ve (---n l-il- -i )
ii4t ui4ii : l+=i +i +i =i--ii = ~- l-iil- +- -- i liini n nn-i t . l<
-- +i l-ii- + ~- l<zi n i- +i i= +-i t -- =i--ii = < -ni i-i t -i := ~-iii
=i-i-ii +t- t
zi- :
dx
dU
= 0 ~li+-n l-il- -i ~ii- =
2
2
dx
U d
= ve
a<iuta ui4ii : -<i=i- =i--ii +i l-il- n l-il- -i l-- t-i t =i--ii = -- +i
l-iil- +- ii -- +i : liini n -ti nn-i t -- l-iil- +- ii =i--ii +i l-il-
n ti t-i t -i t l-il- -<i=i- =i-i-ii +i l-il- +tni-i t
(+ +i =i-i-ii n t l< +i +i i zi - t - l+ i - zi l-i ilzi t ~- =i-i-ii -i+ +i
nl- ii l-i +-i t
Example 65 <i ~i~i + n l-il- -i, U
(x)
+i --+ n <i l-i-i l--- t U
(x)
=
12
x
a

6
x
b
, ti a -ii b
i-in+ l--i + t -ii x ~i ~i + n < i t -i l-+i -iii =i--ii n ti ni
(A) x = 0 (B) x =
b 2
a
(C) x =
6 / 1
b
a 2
|
.
|

\
|
(D) x =
|
.
|

\
|
b 5
a 11
Solution : (C) l<i t, U(x) =
12
x
a

6
x
b
tn i-- t F =
dx
du
= (12) a x
13
(6b) x
7
= 0
i
7
x
b 6
=
13
x
a 12
i x
6
= 12a/6b = 2a/b i x =
6 / 1
b
a 2
|
.
|

\
|
2
2
dx
U d
= +ve at x =
6 / 1
b
a 2
|
.
|

\
|
Example 66. (A)
u = 0
(B) (C) (D)
PHYSICS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
31
(E) (F)
-i +- l-il-i n l+=n =i--ii -ti t
Solution : (F) +i l+ --< ni tn zii l- t ~li+ -< i i i-i t i t =n n <n-i t-i t
Example 67.
E
G
=i--ii +i l-il-i ai- +i -ii -i~i +i-=i =i-i-ii t -iii. ~-iii i -<i=i-
Solution : B,D,F n zi - t ~- ti =i--ii ti ni
=i--ii +i +i ai- +- + ln := iii =i l-iil- + <
B -iii =i--ii t
D ~-iii =i--ii t -ii F -<i=i- =i--ii t
Example 68.
E
G
U
=i--ii l-< ai- +i -ii --+i +l- + i n -i~i
Solution : C,E,F =i--ii l-< t +il+ F =
x
U
c
c
U- x + +i cin zi - t - F zi - t
-<i+i l-< ~i + cin ,ii -iil +i i -i
l< tn <i i ~i -n- t -i cin i-in+ ti -i -ilt -iii =i--ii + ln -ii :=+i li- = -n
n tii -ii i +i -t = t
4ifi+ ai (MECHANICAL ENERGY) :
sfiiii : l+=i -- ~ii l-+i +i l-il- -i ( nl- -i +i i n. l-+i +i + n i lzi+ -i +tni-i t
E = K + U
4ifi+ ai u ufria r-si a4 :
1. t ~l<zi ilzi t :=+i lni [ML
2
T
-2
] -ii SI :+i: n t
2. i lzi+ -i l-< zi - zi l-i +-i t
PHYSICS
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32
3. (+ -- l-i nl- -i i l-i l-il- -i i i lzi+ -i i =+-i t -- l< l+=i -- +i nl- -i
l-il- -i zi - t -i -=+i i lzi+ -i ii zi - ti ni -- :=+i ll- = ii ti =+-i t ~i ~= ii n l+-
l< l+=i -- +i i lzi+ -i (E= 0) zi - t . -i nl- -i ( l-il- -i n = +i : ii zi - ti =+-i t i l-il-
-i +iin+ ti =+-i t ~i nl- -i i-in+ ti =+-i t ~- KE + PE = 0
4. i lzi+ -i E= K+ U, ~ii - E U= K, - l+ K tn zii i-in+ ti -i t :=ln( E U> 0 ~- l+=i -i zi n -l-i-
+i + ln( E > Uti-i t
5. i lzi+ -i E= K+U, Ktn zii i-in+ ti -i t . ~- l< 'U' ii i-in+ t -i 'E' ii i-in+ ti ni l< 'U' +iin+
t -i i lzi+ -i . K> |U| + ln( i-in+ -ii K< |U| + ln( +iin+ ti ni ~ii - l+=i -- i l-+i +i i lzi+
-i +i +iin+ ti - +i ~i t l-il- -i +iin+ ti ni -ii :=+i lnii nl- -i = ~li+ ti ni := ~-ii
+i l-+i +i z ( li-) ~-ii +t- t
a<iri l+=i nii +i :n + i- i n t + -ii ~i i n-i t ~i -n t li- ~-ii n ti- t
Example 69 l< n l-zi n (+ l- n < ni- l-+i l<iii ni t 500 g <ni- + zi ni+ +i (+ -i l- l-v n
+ lz 5.0 cm -+ <ii i-i t l-v n -i l- ~-ii n (+ l= = - t l-v n +i n l--i + 500
N/m t :=+i zi i i-i t -i ni + -i l- = - -+ nl- +-i t -+ t l-v n +i -ti zi
< 4 m -i- ii-n t +ti +ini ?
Solution : ni+ +i zi i i-i t -i t -il- l<zii n l-v n +i zi - =n V -in = nl- +-i t
-i =-ii =
2
1
kx
2
=
2
1
mv
2
V
2
=
m
kx
2
V =
m
kx
2
-- +in t =
g
H 2
~- l-v n + l= = -i l- l<zii n - +i n: <i
= V t =
m
kx
2

g
H 2
=
5 . 0
) 05 . 0 ( 500
2

10
4 2
= 2 m
~- t l-v n + n +- l= = -il- l<zii n 2 m <i ln ni
Example 70 m <ni- +i < c -- <i l-+- M <ni- + n +i H --i : l-zii- =i ii t: t n+ ii ilt-
-n l-ii-ii n t -- +i zi - t -i- +i -+ nl- +-i t -ii :- n +i +i (+ l= <i-i
t -- ni- = h --i: ti -i -= =n n+ (+ <= = l+= n = < i(n
(A)
M 2 m
) h H ( mg 2
+

(B)
M m 2
) h H ( mg 2
+

(C)
M 2 m
) h H ( mg 8
+

(D)
M m 2
) h H ( mg 8
+

PHYSICS
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33
Solution :
ni-i n+ -ii <c -- +i -in +nzi V -ii u t
-- -n i- =
V cos 45 = u cos 45
V = u ...(i)
-i =-ii =.
mg(H h) = 2
|
.
|

\
|
2
MV
2
1
+
2
m
2
1
u
...(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
=ni+i (i) -ii (ii) =
V =
M 2 m
) h H ( mg 2
+

(+ <= = < ti- +i n = 2 V =
M 2 m
) h H ( mg 8
+

~- --i (C) t
+fs+
= z +i n-i:
x + y =
2

dt
dx
+
dt
dy
= 0 n+ +i -in = z +i -in
l-il- -i n +ni = nl- -i n lz
mg (H h) =
2
1
m V
2
+
2
1
MV
2
+
2
1
MV
2
V =
m M 2
) h H ( mg 2
+

2V =
m M 2
) h H ( mg 8
+