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By Y7CE220
Y7CE221
1.Sub grade layer
v The SUBGRADE is the layer of naturally occurring material or the fill
material the road is built upon.
v The strength of the SUBGRADE layer is measured using the CBR test.
v Where the SUBGRADE is weak, i.e. a low CBR, it will be necessary to have a
CAPPING LAYER over the subgrade to increase the strength before the
actual road pavement thickness is designed.
2.Capping layer
v This particular layer in ROAD PAVEMENT construction, is quite often used to refer,
some what misleadingly, to the material GRANULAR SUB-BASE.
v GSB Type 1.
This material is typically crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed concrete or non-
plastic well-burnt shale.
v
v GSB Type 2
It is a much finer material, has a much wider grading envelope and is of a lesser
"engineering" quality than GSB Type 1. Therefore it does not generate as much interlock
as a Type 1 and is consequently not as strong
Grading range for type 1 GSB Grading range for type 2 GSB
4.Road base (Base)
v The ROADBASE (base) is the main load-bearing / load spreading layer in the
road structure and is usually 100mm. or more thick depending on the
loading of the traffic for which the road is designed.
5.Binder Course
v This is the layer of material below the SURFACE COURSE and above the
ROADBASE.
v
v The BASECOURSE (binder course) is a load spreading layer, spreading the
load imposed on the WEARING COURSE (surface course) over a wider
area of the ROADBASE (base).
v It can also be a specialized layer, e.g. both stiff and impervious under a
POROUS ASPHALT wearing course to prevent the ingress of water into the
road fabric.
Seal Coat:
Tack Coat:
Prime Coat:
Thank You