DISEASE RISK FACTOR CAUSE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SIGNS AND

SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTIC
TEST
MEDICAL MGT NURSING
INTERVENTION
Respiratory Disorders
* UPPER AIRWAY
INFECTIONS
1.Rhinitis



*cigarette smoke
*chemicals
*cold temperatures
*humidity
*wind
*pollution
*hairspray
*wood smoke
*fumes


*House dust mites
*Pollen and spores
*Animals
*Work-related
allergens




*Rhinitis may be caused
by a variety of factors,
including
changes in temperature or
humidity; odors; infection;
age; systemic
disease; use of over-the-
counter
(OTC) and prescribed
nasal
Decongestants; and the
presence of a foreign
body.
Allergic
rhinitis may occur with
exposure to allergens such
as foods
(e.g.,
peanuts, walnuts, brazil
nuts, wheat, shellsh, soy,
cows
milk,
and eggs), medications
(e.g., penicillin, sulfa
medications,
aspirin,
and others with the
potential to produce
an allergic reaction),
And particles in the indoor
and outdoor environment.


*sneezing *runny
nosestuffy nose
*itchy nose
*coughing*sore throat
*itchy and watery eyes
*dark under-eye
circles
*frequent
headaches*eczema-
type symptoms
(extremely dry, itchy
skin that often blisters)
*hives (red, sometimes
itchy, bumps on the
skin)
*excessive fatigue



*Allergy tests.
*Nasal cytology (nasal
smear) testing


*antihistamines
*decongestants
*eye drops
*nasal sprays
*immunotherapy
(allergy shots)


Administer
antihistamines,
decongestants and
topical corticosteroids.
Caution clients to
avoid driving vehicles
whenever he or she is
on antihistamines or
decongestants.
Teach the client the
proper use of saline
nasal sprays by
blowing his nose first
then administer the
nasal medication.
Assist the client
when he or she is
advised for
immunotherapy.
Encourage a routine
cleaning of the house,
furnitures and
equipments which may
house dust and other
pollens.
There are second
generation anti-
histamines that are
non-drowsing. These
are appropriate for
clients who
cannot avoid working
while the allergy is
going on. Their work
wont be interfere