2013

` ` .'
1

INDICES AND LAW OF INDICES

IMPORTANT NOTES:
1. For an index number

, (read as raise to the power of ), where is the base and is the index.
2.
0
= 1
3.
n
a
1
=


, where = 0
4.
an
1
=
n
a , where = 0, (read as raise to the

root).
5.
an
m
=
n
m
a
6. Laws of Indices
6.1

=
+

6.2

=



(or)

6.3 (

=


6.4
m
b
a
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
m
m
b
a

6.5 ()

7. Equation Involving Indices
Solve the problem by;
7.1 Comparing the indices or bases on both sides of the equation;
7.1.1 If

, then = .
7.1.2 If

, then = .
7.2 Applying logarithms on both sides of the equation;

log

= log

log = m log
=
m log
log


Answer All Questions Below

1. Solve the equation 81
+1
27
23
= 0.
Selesaikan persamaan 81
+1
27
23
= 0.
[3 marks/markah]

2. Solve the equation 8 4
+1
= 16
2
.
Selesaikan persamaan 8 4
+1
= 16
2

[3 marks/markah]

3. Solve the equation:
Selesaikan persamaan:
2

(8
1
) = 4
5

[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
1
2
}



2013
` ` .'
2

4. Solve the equation 27 9
+1
=
1
3

.
Selesaikan persamaan 27 9
+1
=
1
3

.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
5
3
}

5. Solve the equation 8
+3
=
1
2
2
.
Selesaikan persamaan 8
+3
=
1
2
2
.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 1}

6. Solve the equation:
Selesaikan persamaan:
27
+3
=
1
9
1

[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 2}

7. Solve the equation 2781
2
= 3.
Selesaikan persamaan 2781
2
= 3.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer:
5
16
or 0.3125}



8. Solve the equation 25
2+3
= 625
32
.
Selesaikan persamaan 25
2+3
= 625
32
.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
7
4
}

9. Solve the equation 25
+2
=
1
625

.
Selesaikan persamaan 25
+2
=
1
625

.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
2
3
}

10. Solve 216

36
+3
= 0.
Selesaikan 216

36
+3
= 0.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 6}

11. Solve the equation 81
+1
27
23
= 0.
Selesaikan persamaan 81
+1
27
23
= 0.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
13
2
}

2013
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3


12. Solve the equation 24
+4
= 8
+1

Selesaikan persamaan 24
+4
= 8
+1

[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 6}

13. Solve the equation
93
3
3

27
1
= 1.
Selesaikan persamaan
93
3
3

27
1
= 1.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
2
3
}

14. Solve the equation
82
3
2
23
= 1.
Selesaikan persamaan
82
3
2
23
= 1.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 3}

15. Given 8
3
=
4
2
64
. Find the value of .
Diberi 8
3
=
4
2
64

. Cari nilai .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 3}
16. Solve the equation 5
+1
5

+ 5
1
= 105.
Selesaikan persamaan 5
+1
5

+ 5
1
= 105.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 2}

17. Solve the equation 3
+2
3
+1
= 54.
Selesaikan persamaan 3
+2
3
+1
= 54.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 2}

18. Solve the equation 2
4
2
3
=
1
8
.
Selesaikan persamaan 2
4
2
3
=
1
8
.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 6}

19. Solve the equation 9

+27 = 4(3
2
).
Selesaikan persamaan 9

+27 = 4(3
2
).
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 1}

20. Express 2
+2
2

+ 92
1
in the simplest form.
Ungkapkan 2
+2
2

+ 92
1
dalam bentuk yang termudah.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: 2

15
2
152
1
}
2013
` ` .'
4

LOGARITHMS AND LAWS OF LOGARITHMS

IMPORTANT NOTES:

1. To convert an equation in index form to logarithm form and vice versa.
If =

, then

= .
2.

= 0, and

= 1.
3.

( ) = undefined. Similarly,

= undefined.
4. Law of Logarithms:
4.1

4.2

4.3

5. Change of Bases of Logarithms:
5.1

=
log

log

5.2

=
log

log

=
1
log

6. Equations Involving Logarithms:
6.1 Converting the equation of logarithm to index form, i.e.

= , then =

6.2 Express the left hand side, LHS and the right hand side, RHS, as single logarithm of
the same base.
Then make the comparison, i.e;

, then = .

, then = .


Answer All Questions Below

1. Solve the equation
3
3 +9
3
2 = 1.
Selesaikan persamaan
3
3 +9
3
2 = 1.
[ 3 marks/markah]

2. Solve the equation log
3
log
3
( 2) = 1.
Selesaikan persamaan log
3
log
3
( 2) = 1.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 1}

3. Given that log
5
9 +2log
5
= 0, find the value of .
Diberi bahawa
5
9 +2
5
= 0, cari nilai .
[4 marks/markah]

4. Solve the equation log
3
4 +3log
3
2 log
3
(6 ) = 1.
Selesaikan persamaan
3
4 +3
3
2
3
(6 ) = 1
[ 4 marks/markah]

2013
` ` .'
5

5. Solve the equation log
5
(5 2) 1 = log
5
2.
Selesaikan persamaan log
5
(5 2) 1 = log
5
2.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer =
5
12
}

6. Solve the equation log
2
( 3) +2 = log
2
( +6).
Selesaikan persamaan log
2
( 3) +2 = log
2
( +6).
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 6}

7. Solve the equation log
2
( +3) = 1 +log
2
(3 1).
Selesaikan persamaan log
2
( +3) = 1 +log
2
(3 1).
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 1}


8. Solve the equation:
Selesaikan persamaan:
log
2
( 1) +3 = log
2
2
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer:
4
3
or 1
1
3
or 1.333}

9. Solve log
3
(4) log
3
( +1) = 1.
Selesaikan log
3
(4) log
3
( +1) = 1
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 3}

10. Solve the equation log
3
(3 +2) log
3
( 1) = 2.
Selesaikan persamaan log
3
(3 +2) log
3
( 1) = 2.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer:
11
6
}

11. Given that 3 +log
2
= log
2
( +5). Express in terms of .
Diberi bahawa 3 +log
2
= log
2
( +5). Ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
+5
8
}

12. Given that log
3
+5log
3
= 2. Express in terms of .
Diberi log
3
+5log
3
= 2. Ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
9

6
}

13. Given that 3 log
10
(
2
) = 4 +2log
10
log
10
, find the value of log
10
.
Diberi 3log
10
(
2
) = 4 +2log
10
log
10
, cari nilai log
10
.
[3 marks/markah]

2013
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6

14. Given that log
4
3 log
4
6 = 2, express in terms of .
Diberi log
4
3 log
4
6 = 2, ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 32}

15. Given that log
3
= and log
3
= express log
3
=
81

in term of and .
Diberi log
3
= dan log
3
= ungkapkan log
3
=
81

dalam sebutan dan .

[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: 4 + }

16. Given
7
2 = and
7
5 = . Express
7
2.8 in terms of and .
Diberi
7
2 = dan
7
5 = . Ungkapkan
7
2.8 dalam sebutan dan .
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: + 1}

17. Given that log

3 = and log

6 = , express log

27
3
36
in terms of and of .
Diberi bahawa log

3 = dan log

6 = , ungkapkan log

27
3
36
dalam sebutan dan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: 3+ 3 2}

18. Given log

5 = and log

3 = . Express log

125
3
in terms of and .
Diberi log

5 = dan log

3 = . Ungkapkan log

125
3
dalam sebutan dan .
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: 3 1}

19. Given that log
3
+log
9
= 2. Express in terms of .
Diberi log
3
+log
9
= 2. Ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
81

2
}

20. Given that log
3
2 = log
9
. Express in terms of .
Diberi bahawa log
3
2 = log
9
. Ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: =

2
3
4
}

21. Given log
3
7 = and log
9
2 = . Find in terms of and , log
3
14.
Diberi log
3
7 = dan log
9
2 = . Cari dalam sebutan dan , log
3
14.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer: log
3
14 = +2}

22. Given that log
27
2log
9
= 2, express in terms of .
Diberi log
27
2log
9
= 2, ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 729
3
}

2013
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7

23. Given that log
4
= , log
32
= and

= 2
+
, find the value of and of .
Diberi log
4
= , log
32
= dan

= 2
+
, cari nilai bagi dan .
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: = 2 and = 5}

24. It is given that log
25
+2log
5
= 1, express in terms of .
Diberi bahawa log
25
+2log
5
= 1, ungkapkan dalam sebutan .
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer: =
25

4
}

25. Given that log

5 = and log

7 = , express log
35
in terms of and of .
Deberi log

5 = dan log

7 = , ungkapkan log
35
dalam sebutan dan .
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer:
1
+
}

26. It is given that log
2
= and log
2
= . Express log
4
32

2
in terms of and .
Diberi bahawa log
2
= dan log
2
= . Ungkapkan log
4
32

2
dalam sebutan dan .
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer:
5
2


2
}

27. Given log
5
2 = and log
5
3 = , express log
12
90 in terms of h and k.
Diberi log
5
2 = dan log
5
3 = , ungkapkan log
12
90 dalam sebutan h dan k.
[4 marks/markah]
{Answer:
2++1
2+
}

28. Given that log
2
= and log
3
= . Express log

18 in terms of and .
Diberi log
2
= dan log
3
= Ungkapkan log

18 dalam sebutan dan .

[4 marks/markah]
{Answer:
2+

}

29. Given that = log

3 and = log

4. Express log
12
36 in terms of m and n.
Diberi = log

3 dan = log

4. Ungkapkan log
12
36 dalam sebutan m dan n.
[3 marks/markah]
{Answer:
+2
+
}

30. Calculate
Hitung
log
3
625 log
25
3 log
4
11
log
4
1331

[3 marks/markah]
{Answer:
2
3
or 0.6667}