Patrick Juacalla (1FPH) University of Santo Tomas Page 1

GROUP I

Anion
AgNO
3

BaCl
2
Formula

Color (ppt.)

Sol. In HNO3
Cl
-
AgCl White Insoluble No ppt.
Br
-
AgBr Light yellow Insoluble No ppt.
I
-
AgI Canary yellow Insoluble No ppt.
CN
-
AgCN White Insoluble No ppt.
SCN
-
AgSCN White Insoluble No ppt.
Fe(CN)
6
-4
Ag
4
Fe(CN)
6
White Insoluble No ppt.
Fe(CN)
6
-3
Ag
3
Fe(CN)
6
Orange Insoluble No ppt.
Confirmatory Tests
Anion Reagent Formula Color & Nature
Cl
-
(chloride) Hg
2
(NO
3
)
2
, HNO
3
Hg
2
Cl
2
Hg
o
White to gray ppt.
CN
-
(cyanide) Hg
2
(NO
3
)
2
, HNO
3
Hg
2
(CN)
2
Hg
o
White to gray ppt.
Br
-
(bromide) KMnO
4
(polar), H
2
SO
4
,
chloroform (non-polar)
Br
2
gas
Reddish brown/ brown
gas
Orange to brown
CHCl
3
layer
I
-
(iodide) KMnO
4
, H
2
SO
4
,
chloroform (CHCl
3
)
I
2
gas
Violet gas
Violet/ purple layer
CH
3
COOH, NaNO
2
,
starch solution
I
2
gas
Violet gas
Iodo-starch complex
Blue-violet soln
SCN
-
(thiocyanate) FeCl
3
Fe(SCN)
-2
Blood red soln
Fe(CN)
6
-4
(ferrocyanide)

FeCl
3
Fe
4
[Fe(CN)
6
]
3
Prussian blue ppt.
(darker)
Fe(CN)
6
-3
(ferricyanide) FeSO
4
Fe
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
Tumbulls blue ppt.
(lighter)

GROUP II
Anion S
-2
NO
2
CH
3
COO
-
AgNO
3
(formula) Ag
2
S AgNO
2
CH
3
COOAg
Color & Nature Black ppt. White ppt. White crystalline ppt.
(scratch to show
crystals)
Sol. In HNO
3
Soluble Soluble Soluble
BaCl
2
No ppt. No ppt. No ppt.
Confirmatory Tests
Anion Reagents Formula Color & Nature
S
-2
(sulfide) H
2
SO
4
H
2
S gas Colorless gas with
rotten egg odor
Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
PbS Black ppt.
NO
2
-
(nitrite) CH
3
COOH
-
, FeSO
4
FeNOSO
4
or FeSO
4
NO
(ferrous nitrososulfate/
nitrocyl ferrous sulfate)
Brown ring
CH
3
COO
-
(acetate) Conc. H
2
SO
4
CH
3
COOH
-
Vinegar
C
2
H
5
OH
-
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
(ethyl
acetate)
Fruity odor

Patrick Juacalla (1FPH) University of Santo Tomas Page 2

GROUP III
Anion AgNO
3
BaCl
2
BaCl
2

Formula Color (ppt.) Sol. In HNO
3
Formula Sol. In HNO
3

SO
3
-2
(sulfite) Ag
2
SO
3
White Soluble BaSO
3
Soluble
CO
3
-2

(carbonate)
Ag
2
CO
3
White to yellow Soluble BaCO
3
Soluble
BO
3
-3
(borate) Ag
3
BO
3
Ag
2
O White to brown Soluble Ba
3
(BO
3
)
2
Soluble
C
2
O
4
-2
(oxalate) Ag
2
C
2
O
4
White Soluble BaC
2
O
4
Soluble
C
4
H
4
O
6
-2

(tartrate)
Ag
2
C
4
H
4
O
6
White Soluble BaC
4
H
4
O
6
Soluble
C
6
H
5
O
7
-3
(citrate)
Ag
3
C
6
H
5
O
7
White Soluble Ba
3
(C
6
H
5
O
7
)
2
Soluble

Anion Reagents Formula Color & Nature
SO
3
-2
H
2
SO
4
SO
2
gas Garlic-like odor
Blue litmus paper SO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
3
to
H
2
SO
4
Red litmus paper
KMnO
4
, H
2
SO
4
H
2
S
2
O
6
Violet at first, then
KMnO
4
is decolorized
(lighter purple)
CO
3
-2
H
2
SO
4
CO
2
gas Colorless gas
Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
White ppt.
BO
3
-3
H
2
SO
4
, CH
3
OH (CH
3
)
3
BO
3
Green tint/ green
bordered flame
C
2
O
4
-2
CaCl
2
CaC
2
O
4
White ppt.
CH
3
COOH
-
Insoluble White ppt.
C
4
H
4
O
6
-2
AgNO
3
, NH
4
OH, heat Ag
0
Silver mirror
C
6
H
5
O
7
-3
AgNO
3
, NH
4
OH, heat Ag
0
Silver mirror

GROUP IV
Anion PO
4
-3
AsO
4
-3
AsO
3
-3
S
2
O
3
-2
CrO
4
-2

AgNO
3

(formula)
Ag
3
PO
4
Ag
3
AsO
4
Ag
3
AsO
3
Ag
2
S
2
O
3
to
Ag
2
S
Ag
2
CrO
4

Color &
Nature
Yellow ppt. Chocolate
brown ppt.
Yellow ppt. White to yellow
to brown to
black ppt.
Brownish-red
ppt.
Sol. In HNO
3
Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble
BaCl
2
BaHPO
4
or
Ba
3
(PO
4
)
2

Ba
3
(AsO
4
)
2
Ba
3
(AsO
3
)
2
BaS
2
O
3
BaCrO
4

Color &
Nature
White ppt. White ppt. White ppt. White ppt. Yellow ppt.
Sol. In HNO
3
Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble




Patrick Juacalla (1FPH) University of Santo Tomas Page 3

Confirmatory Tests (GROUP IV)
Anion Reagent Formula Color & Nature
PO
4
-3
a.) NH
4
Cl, NH
4
OH,
magnesia mixture
MgNH
4
AsO
4
White crystalline ppt.
b.) (NH
4
)
2
MoO
4
, HNO
3
(NH
4
)
3
AsO
4
.12 MoO
3
Yellow crystalline ppt.
AsO
4
-3
a.) NH
4
Cl, NH
4
OH,
magnesia mixture
MgNH
4
AsO
4
White crystalline ppt.
b.) (NH
4
)
2
MoO
4
, HNO
3
(NH
4
)
3
AsO
4
.12 MoO
3
Yellow crystalline ppt.
AsO
3
-3
a.) NH
4
Cl, NH
4
OH,
magnesia mixture
- No ppt.
b.) (NH
4
)
2
MoO
4
, HNO
3
- No ppt.
S
2
O
3
-2
a.) H
2
SO
4
SO
2
gas + S gas Colorless gas with
garlic-like odor with
yellow ppt.
b.) KMnO
4
, H
2
SO
4
Violet color of KMnO
4

decolorized
CrO
4
-2
Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
PbCrO
4
Yellow ppt.
NaOH Na
2
PbO
2
Yellow solution

GROUP V
Anion Reagent Formula Color & Nature
NO
3
-
AgNO
3
- No ppt.
ClO
3
-
AgNO
3
- No ppt.
NO
3
-
BaCl
2
- No ppt.
ClO
3
-
BaCl
2
- No ppt.
NO
3
-
Conc. H
2
SO
4
, FeSO
4
, FeNOSO
4
(ferrous
nitrososulfate)
Brown ring
ClO
3
-
H
2
SO
4
, KNO
2
AgCl White ppt.

GROUP VI
Anion Reagent Formula Color & Nature
SO
4
-2
AgNO
3
Diluted soln --- White ppt.
Conc. soln Ag
2
SO
4
BaCl
2
BaSO
4
(barium meal) White ppt.
a.) Sol. In HNO
3
Insoluble
SO
4
-2
Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
PbSO
4
White ppt.
a.) Sol. In
NH
4
CH
3
COO
Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
Soluble