2H

+
H+
OXALOACE TATE
PYR UVATE
S UCCINYL-CoA

GLUTAR ATE
CITR ATE
MALATE
2-OXO- AS PAR TATE
NO2
-
NO3
-
N2
NH4
CH3COSCoA
ACE TYL-CoA
HOH
CO2
NAD
T
R
A
N
S
A
M
I NAT I ON
2H+
2H
+
+
CO2
5-Amino-
levulinate
Glycine
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
c
H+ H+ a
F0
F1
F1
2
1

10 c-s ub-units
A
D
P+ Pi
H+
3. 6. 1. 34
H
+-transporting ATP synthase

F6
oscp
ATP
ADP + Pi
FUMAR ATE
UQH2
UQ
UQH2
NADH+H+
CH2COO-
C(OH)COO-
CH2COO-
CH(OH)COO-
CHCOO-
CH2COO-
-OOCCOCH2CH2COO-
-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA
-OOCCOCH2COO-
CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA
-OOCCH=CHCOO-
Glyoxylate
Cycle
-OOCCHO
GTP
GDP ATP
+
HE ME Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen Porphobilinogen
5-Amino-
levulinate
COO-
CH2
CH2
H2NCH2C=O
FADH2
FAD Cyt. b
Fe-S
S UCCINATE
II
CH3COCOO-
PYR UVATE
Pi
X Y
Cyt. c1
Fe-S
2e-
2e-
1e-
1e-
III
2UQ UQ
UQH2
2UQH2
2UQ.
_
UQ.
_
Cyt. bL Cyt. bH
Cyt. c
IV
CuA
CuB
CuA
1. 9. 3. 1
2e-
Heme a
Heme a
3
2H
+
2H
+ 4H
+
4H
+
2H
+
NAD+
NADH+H+
NAD+
1.1.1.39
1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
3.1.3.43
4.1.1.32
4.1.3.7
4.2.1.3
1.1.1.41
1.2.4.2
2.3.1.61
6.2.1.4
-OOCCH2CH2COO-
1.3.5.1
4.2.1.2
1.1.1.37
6.4.1.1
4.1.3.8
4.1.3.1
4.1.3.2
IS OCITR ATE
2.6.1.1
2. 3. 1. 16
4.1.1.71
1.2.1.16
5.1.99.1
5.4.99.2
4.3.1.1
1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14
6.3.5.4
1.6.6.1
1.7.99.4 1.7.7.1
1.6.6.4
1.18.6.1
2.3.1.37
1.10.2.2
1.10.2.2

33

AT
P
ADP
E NDE R GONIC R E ACTION
1
.6
.5
.3
I
FMNH2
FMN I
1.6. 5.3
2Fe -S
(5 Clusters)
H+ H+
H+ H+
ATP
4H+
2H+
2H+
or
H+
PHOTO-
SYSTEM
l
O2
3. 6. 1. 34
NADP+
Glyceraldehyde
Ribulose-1,5-bis-P
2
88
H+ c
3
2

a
3
2

2
1
3

H+
H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+
Translocated protons
H+
H+
H+
H+
Pi
Ferredoxin
4H+
PC PC
PC
PQH2
2PQH2
PQ
_
.
2PQ
_
.
Fe-S Cyt.f
PQ
2PQ
Cyt bf
2e-
1e- 1e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
PQ
PHOTO-
SYSTEM
II

Cyt bc
Non-cyclic electron flow
2e-
2e-
Mn
2e-
*
Protons fromWater
H2O
H+
H+
2H+
2H+

ATP synthase
CO
2
Fixation
H+
ADP Pi
H+
NADPH+H
+
ATP THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE
THYLAKOIDLUMEN
STROMA
(electric current)
P680
Chl.a
QA
QB
Pheophytin
P700
Chl.A0
A1
Fe-S
ATP
ADP
ATP
1
/2O2
H2O
PQH2
To B rain -
A
M
I
N
O
A
C
I
D
S
P
Y
R
I
M
I
D
I
N
E
S
P
U
R
I
N
E
S
C
A
T
E
C
H
O
L
A
M
I
N
E
S
A
R
O
M
A
T
I
C
A
M
I
N
O
A
C
I
D
S
hv
VIS ION
L
I
P
I
D
P
H
O
T
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S
P
O
R
P
H
Y
R
I
N
S
S
T
E
R
O
I
D
S
I
S
O
P
R
E
N
O
I
D
S
P
H
O
S
P
H
O
L
I
P
I
D
S
D
E
G
R
A
D
A
T
I
O
N
L
I
P
I
D
B
I
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S
P
E
N
T
O
S
E
S
H
E
X
O
S
E
S
P
O
L
Y
S
A
C
C
H
A
R
I
D
E
S
CO CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
FOLIC
ACID
C1
POOL
VALINE
ATP
ATP
4. 1. 1. 4 1. 1. 1. 30
CH COCH 3 3
CH COCH COO 3 2
CH CH(OH)CH COO 3 2
3-OH-B utyrate Acetone
Acetoacetate
K E TONE B ODIE S
HYALUR ONIC ACID DE R MATAN
B LOOD GR OUP
S UB S TANCE S
PE PTIDO-
GLYCAN
N-Ac-Neuraminate
(S ialate)
UDP-
Iduronate
UDP-N-Ac-
Galactos amine
UDP-
Galacturonate
GDP-Fucos e
TDP-R hamnos e
ADP-
Glucos e
UDP-Glucos e
TDP-4-Oxo-
6-deoxyglucos e
MANNOS E
CHITIN CHONDR OITIN PE CTIN
ALGINATE S
INULIN CE LLULOS E
O-ANTIGE NS S TAR CH GLYCOGE N
LACTOS E
GALACTOS E
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
CH3 O
OPPT
O
OH
OH
O
OH
ACNH
HO OH
O
OH HO OPPU
NHAC
OH
OH OH
OH
HO
OH
NHCOCH
OH HO
O
OPPG
CH OH 2
HO
P
UDP-N-Ac-
Glucos amine
pyruvate
N-Ac-Mannos amine-6-P UDP-Glucuronate
GDP-Mannos e
N-Ac-Mannos amine UDP-N-Ac-Glucos amine N-Ac-Glucos amine-6-P
S orbitol
Fructos e-1-P
E rythros e-4-P
3-Dehydrogulonate
L-Xylos e
L-Lyxos e
D-Xylulos e
D-R ibos e
R ibitol
L-Arabitol L-Xylulos e
L-R ibulos e L-R ibulos e-5-P
L-Xylulos e-5-P
L-Arabinos e Xylitol D-Xylos e
D-Arabinos e D-R ibulos e
AS COR B ATE
2, 3-Dioxogulonate
N-Ac-Glucos amine-1-P
Inos itol-P Inos itol Glucuronate Gulonate
Gulonolactone 2-Oxogulonolactone
Fructos e
6-P-Gluconate
D-R ibulos e-5-P
D-Xylulos e-5-P
Mannos e-1-P
GDP-Glucos e
TDP-Glucos e
UDP-Galactos e
Galactos e-P
Glucos e-1-P
Glucos e-6-P
Fructos e-6-P
Fructos e-
1: 6-bis -P
OH
H H H
O
HOCH2 C C C C CO
OH OH H OH
H H
O
HOCH2 C C C CO CO
OH H
H
OH H
C C
OH
CO
P-R ibos yl
amine
Glycerate
2, 3-Diphos pho-
glycerate
3-P-Glyceraldehyde
1: 3-bis -P-Glycerate
3-P-Glycerate
2-P-Glycerate
P-enolpyruvate
Inositol
CH OH 2
CH OH 2
HOCH
CH OH 2
CH O 2
HOCH
P
Glycerol
UDP-Galactos e
UDP-S ugars
CH CH OH 3 2
E THANOL
Dihydroxy-
acetone-P
(Glycerone-P)
Glucos amine-6-P
Phos pho-
s erine
Chain elongation Mitochondrial
S erine
S erine
Indole-3-glycerol-P
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-
heptulos onate-7-P
Indoleacetate
(Auxin)
Indoxyl
Formylkynurenine K ynurenine 3-Hydroxy
kynurenine
3-Hydroxy
anthranilate
2-Amino-3-carboxy
muconate s emialdehyde
NH
OH
Tryptamine 1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino)
1-deoxyribulos e-5-P
N-(5-P-R ibos yl)
anthranilate
Anthranilate
Catechol
NH
Indole-
acetaldehyde
NH
CH CHO 2
Indolepyruvate
N
H
C-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH O 2 P
CH
2-Aminomuconate-
6-s emialdehyde
CH CH NH 2 2 2
NH
1. 2. 3. 7
4. 1. 1. 43
3. 5. 1. 9 3. 7. 1. 3
4. 2. 1. 20
1. 13. 11. 6 4. 1. 1. 45
2. 4. 2. 18
4. 6. 1. 4
4. 1. 1. 48
1. 14. 13. 9
4. 6. 1. 3
Dehydro-
quinate
4. 2. 1. 10 1. 1. 1. 25 2. 5. 1. 19
S hikimate-3-P S hikimate-5
enolpyruvate 3-P
Choris mate
PE P
2. 7. 1. 71
1. 4. 1. 19
Homogentis ate Phenylpyruvate
Cinnamate
Coumarate
Prephenate
2-Amino
muconate
Fumarate As partate
GLYCINE
S arcos ine
Hydroxy-
pyruvate
P-Hydroxy-
pyruvate
S E R INE
Imidazole
glycerol-P
P-R ibos yl-ATP P-R ibos ylformimino
5-aminoimidazole-
carboxamide-R P
Formimino
glutamate
Imidazolone
propionate
Urocanate
Cys tathionine Homocys teine
Phos phoadenylyl-
s ulphate
(PAPS )
CH (NH )COOH 2 3
+
His tidinol-P His tidinol His tidinal
3. 1. 3. 15 2. 6. 1. 9 1. 1. 1. 23
3. 6. 1. 31
5. 3. 1. 16 2. 4. 2. 17
As paragine
ALANINE
3-S ulphinyl
pyruvate
Oxobutyrate
2-Aceto-2-
hydroxy-
butyrate
O-Phos pho-
homos erine
HO S CH CH NH 2 2 2 2
Hypotaurine
HO S CH CH NH 3 2 2 2
Taurine
Glutamate
-Glutamylcys teine
Glutathione
Glycine
Cys teine
-Alanine
Cys teate
S -Adenos yl
homocys teine
4. 2. 99. 2
1. 1. 1. 86
4. 2. 1. 9
1. 1. 1. 86 4. 2. 1. 9
2. 6. 1. 32
4. 1. 3. 18
S -Adenos yl
methionine
(S AM)
2-Methylaceto-
acetyl-CoA
2-Acetolactate 2-3-Dihydroxy
is ovalerate
2-Oxo-
is ovalerate
3-Hydroxy-
is obutyrate
3-Hydroxy-
Is obutyryl-CoA
Methyl
acrylyl-CoA
2-Methyl-3-
hydroxy-
butyryl-CoA
Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl-
CoA
2: 3-Di-OH-
3-methylvalerate
2-Oxo-3-methyl
valerate
Is obutyryl-CoA
Cys teine
s ulphinate
4. 2. 99. 9
2-Is opropyl-
malate
CH CH COCOO 3 2
+
CH CH(NH )COO 3 3
CH CH(OH)COO 3
HO S CH COCOO 2 2
OCH COCOO 2 P
OCH CH(NH )COO 2 3 P
HOCH COCOO 2
HOCH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
+
OH
CH COCOO 2
COO
OH
OH O
COO
OH
OH
HO P
COO
OH
OH
O
CH2
P
COO
O-C-COO
OH
O
OH
OOC CH COCOO 2
N H
HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP
CH
COO
NH2
COO
OH
NH2 COO
COO
OCH
OOCCH NHCH 2 3
CH (CH ) COS -ACP 3 2 14 CH (CH ) COS CoA 3 2 14
CH (CH ) CH=CHCO-S -ACP 3 2 2
CH CH=CHCO-S -ACP 3 CH CH(OH)CH COS -ACP 3 2
COS CoA
Linoleate
Oleoyl-CoA
S tearoyl-CoA Dehydros tearoyl-CoA OH-S tearoyl-CoA Oxos tearoyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-ACP Palmitoyl-CoA
ACYL-ACP 2, 3-E noyl-ACP
3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP
2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP
3-OH-Acyl-ACP 3-Oxoacyl-ACP
3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP
3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP 3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP 2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP
B utanoyl-ACP Crotonoyl-ACP 3-OH-B utanoyl-ACP Acetoacetyl-ACP
Hexanoyl-ACP
3-OH-Decanoyl-ACP Decanoyl-ACP
Palmitoleoyl-ACP
-Linolenate Arachidonate Leukotriene B 4
COS CoA
CO-S -ACP
Thromboxane B 2
HOOCCH CO-S -ACP 2
Malonyl-ACP
HOOCCH CO-S CoA 2
Malonyl-Co-A
CH CO-S -ACP 3
Acetyl-ACP
CH O-CO-R 2
CH OH 2
R -CO-OCH
FATTY ACID
ACYL-CoA
(Cytos ol)
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O 2
R -CO-OCH
P
Cardiolipin Phos phatidylglycerol
Acetylcholine
Glycerophos phocholine
Lys olecithin
Choline
plas malogen
CDP-choline Choline-P
Mevaldate
CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 12 2
Dehydros phinganin S phinganin 4-S phingenin Ps ychos ine
Acyl-CoA
Acyl-CoA
Cerebros ide
Galactos e CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O- 3 2 12 2
NHCOR
Is opentenyl-PP
(C5)
Dimethylallyl-PP
(C5)
Geranyl-geranyl-PP
(C20)
Farnes yl-PP
(C15)
S qualene
(C30)
Geranyl-PP
(C10)
Des mos terol Zymos terol Lanos terol
CH C = CHCH O 3 2 PP
CH3
Ceramide
Ganglios ides
NHCOR
CH O 2 PP
OPP
CH2
CHOLE S TE R OL
CH C(OH)CH CH OH 3 2 2
CH COO 2
CH C(OH)CH CHO 3 2
CH COO 2
NADP +
Dehydroas corbate
OH
H O
HOCH2 C C C C CO
OH H OH
OH
H O
HOCH2 C C CO CO CO
H
NAD+
Pi
ADP ADP
Phytoene
(C40)
Lycopene (C40)
-CAR OTE NE (C40)
R hodops in Metarhodops in
R etinoate
trans -R etinal
11-cis -R etinol trans -R etinol
(Vitamin A)
R etinol es ters
Dark
Light
Ubiquinone
(Coenzyme Q)
Menaquinone
Plas toquinone
Phylloquinone
(Vitamin K )
Ops in
CHO
CH OH 2
CHO
CH OH 2
CH3 CH O 3
CH O 3 n
O
O
O
O
Phytol (C20)
-Tocopherol
(Vitamin E )
Quinolinate
Quinolinate-
nucleotide
Nicotinate-
nucleotide
Des amino-NAD
5-Hydroxy-
tryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptamine
(S E R OTONIN)
N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-s erotonin
(ME LATONIN)
NH
CH CH NHCOCH 2 2 3 HO
NH
CH CH NHCOCH 2 2 3 CH O 3
+
NAD( P)
NICOTINATE
N-Acetyl-s erotonin
2. 4. 2. 19
Dopamine Dopa
Dopaquinone
THYR OXINE ME LANIN
OH
OH
CHOHCH NHCH 2 3
OH
OH
CHOHCH NH 2 2
4-OH-3-Methoxy-
phenylglycol
CHOHCH NH 2 2
OH
OCH3 OCH3
CHOHCH OH 2
OH
OCH3
4-OH-3-Methoxy-
D-mandelate
Cyclic AMP
ATP
Dephos pho-Coenzyme A
4-P-Pantetheine
4-P-Pantothenylcys teine
4-P-Pantothenate
Pantoate
6. 3. 2. 1
1. 1. 1. 169
3. 5. 1. 22
2. 7. 1. 33
NH
N H
O
O
O
O
CH OH 2
OH
OCH3
CH(OH)COO
H2
NH3
+
CH-COO
C O
O
COO
N R ibose- P
N
+
COO
NH
CH COO 2
O
OH
CH O 2 P
NHCOCH NH 2 2
OH
Formyl
glycinamide-R P
Urea
Formyl
glycinamidine-R P
Allantoate Allantoin UR ATE
ADP
Xanthine Hypoxanthine
Inos ine
Adenine
Adenylo-
s uccinate
5-Amino
imidazole-R P
5-Amino-4-imidazole
carboxylate-R P
5-Amino-4-imidazole
(N-s uccinylcarboxamide)-R P
5-Aminoimidazole
carboxamide-R P
Formylamido-
imidazole-
carboxamide-R P
H NCONH 2 2
HN
H C 2 CHO
NH
R P
NH
C
C
C
O
C
CO
OC
NH
NH
H
N
HN
H
C
C
O
C
CH
OC
NH
N
N
HN
Carbamoyl
-alanine
Dihydro-
uracil
Uracil
d-ADP
d-ATP
GTP GDP
XANTHOS INE -P
(XMP)
TTP
TDP
-Ureido
is obutyrate
Dihydro
thymine
Thymine d-UMP d-CMP d-CDP
CDP
Carbamoyl
as partate
Dihydro
orotate
Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P
(UMP)
UDP
3-Amino-
is obutyrate
CH
C
NH2
CH OC
NH
N CH
C
O
CH OC
N H
HN
CH-CH3
C
O
OC
NH
HN
CH2
CH2
CH2
C
O
OC
NH
HN
C
O
CH OC
NH
HN C CH3
Methylmalonyl
s emialdehyde
OHCCHCOO
CH3
CH2
C
O
CH-COO OC
NH
HN CH
C
O
C-COO OC
NH
HN
H NCONHCH CH COO 2 2 2
C
C
C
CH
R P
HC
NH
NH
OOC-CH-CH COO 2
N
N
N
CHO
NH
R P
NH
OC
H C 2
2. 7. 7. 43
3. 1. 3. 29
1. 1. 1. 158
5. 1. 3. 13
2. 7. 1. 38
3. 2. 1. 23
3. 1. 3. 29
4. 1. 3. 20
2. 7. 1. 60
5. 1. 3. 14
5. 1. 3. 7
5. 1. 3. 1
2. 7. 1. 4
5. 4. 2. 3
3. 1. 1. 17
1. 1. 1. 49
1. 1. 1. 21
2. 7. 7. 23
3. 1. 3. 25 1. 13. 99. 1 1. 1. 1. 19
1. 1. 3. 8
5. 3. 1. 3
2. 7. 1. 53
1. 1. 1. 9
2. 7. 1. 15
2. 7. 1. 17
5. 1. 3. 4
5. 1. 3. 1
2. 2. 1. 2
4. 1. 2. 13
2. 7. 1. 11
2. 7. 1. 47
2. 2. 1. 1
1. 2. 1. 12
1. 1. 1. 29
1. 1. 1. 95
1. 3. 1. 35
1. 14. 99. 25
2. 3. 1. 41
2. 3. 1. 41
2. 3. 1. 41
1. 1. 1. 100
5. 3. 99. 5
4. 2. 1. 60
5. 3. 99. 3
1. 14. 99. 1
1. 13. 11. 34
1. 3. 1. 10
1. 3. 1. 9
1. 14. 99. 5
1. 3. 1. 9
4. 2. 1. 61
4. 2. 1. 60
4. 2. 1. 60
4. 2. 1. 59
4. 2. 1. 58
1. 3. 1. 9
1. 3. 1. 9
6. 2. 1. 3 3. 1. 2. 20
1. 1. 1. 100
5. 3. 1. 1
HOOC-COOH
Oxalate
Glycolate
HOCH CHO 2
Glycol
aldehyde
E thanolamine-P
2. 7. 1. 30
2. 3. 1. 7
3. 7. 1. 2
4. 1. 3. 5
2. 7. 8. 8
2. 1. 1. 17
2. 1. 1. 71
1. 3. 1. 35 2. 7. 8. 2
3. 1. 4. 3
3. 1. 4. 4
2. 7. 7. 15
3. 1. 1. 5 3. 1. 4. 2
2. 7. 1. 32
2. 7. 1. 82
1. 2. 4. 1
2. 3. 1. 12
1. 8. 1. 4
2. 6. 1. 2
1. 4. 1. 1
4. 1. 1. 1
2. 3. 1. 50
1. 1. 1. 102
3. 1. 4. 12
2. 7. 8. 3
2. 4. 1. 62
3. 2. 1. 46
5. 2. 1. 3
1. 2. 1. 36
2. 3. 1. 76
3. 1. 1. 21
5. 2. 1. 7
5. 4. 99. 7
1. 14. 99. 7
4. 3. 1. 8
4. 2. 1. 75
4. 1. 1. 37 1. 3. 3. 3 1. 3. 3. 4
4. 99. 1. 1
2. 5. 1. 29
2. 4. 1. 47
4. 1. 1. 28 2. 3. 1. 5 2. 1. 1. 4
6. 3. 5. 1
6. 3. 1. 5
2. 4. 2. 11
2. 7. 7. 18
2. 6. 1. 5
1. 2. 1. 32
1. 13. 11. 5
2. 1. 1. 28
2. 1. 2. 2 6. 3. 3. 1
3. 5. 2. 5
1. 4. 1. 10
1. 7. 3. 3 1. 1. 1. 204 1. 1. 3. 22
1. 1. 3. 22
4. 1. 1. 28
4. 1. 1. 21
2. 1. 2. 3
2. 4. 2. 1
1. 5. 99. 2
2. 1. 1. 5
2. 6. 1. 22
3. 5. 2. 3
2. 6. 1. 51
1. 4. 1. 7
3. 1. 3. 3
2. 6. 1. 52
2. 1. 3. 2
ACE TATE
2. 4. 2. 4
2. 1. 1. 45
R P
CH
C
O
CH OC N
HN
1. 3. 1. 14 2. 4. 2. 10 4. 1. 1. 23
2. 7. 7. 7
2. 7. 7. 7
2. 7. 7. 7
1. 17. 4. 1
2. 7. 7. 7
2. 7. 4. 14
4. 4. 1. 1
1. 6. 4. 1
1. 13. 11. 20
4. 4. 1. 8
4. 2. 1. 22
1. 1. 1. 27
4. 1. 1. 29
6. 3. 2. 3
6. 3. 2. 2
1. 8. 1. 3
LACTATE
Acetaldehyde
2. 7. 1. 24
2. 7. 7. 3
4. 1. 1. 36
B ile Acids
CH CH COS CoA 3 2
Propanoyl-CoA
1. 1. 1. 31
2. 1. 3. 1
4. 1. 1. 41
5. 1. 99. 1
6. 4. 1. 3
6. 3. 2. 5
2. 1. 1. 14
2. 1. 1. 13
4. 6. 1. 1
CDP-E thanolamine
1. 1. 1. 35 4. 2. 1. 17
+
HO S CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
3. 5. 2. 7
NH HN
CH
OOC CHCH CH COO 2 2
CMP-N-Acetyl
neuraminate
CDP-diacyl
glycerol
CHOLINE
E thanolamine
Glyoxylate
HIS TAMINE
2. 3. 1. 46
Homos erine
Tyramine
Plant Pigments Tannins
Maleyl
acetoacetate
Fumaryl
acetoacetate
5. 2. 1. 2
CH COO 2
OH
OH
OH
CH CH NH 2 2 2
OH
OH
CH CH NH 2 2 2
Hydroxyphenyl
pyruvate
-Tocopherol
(Vitamin E )
LIGNIN
d-GTP
OH
OH OH
O
HO
OH
P
OPPT
CH3 HO
OH OH
O
NADPH
2. 2. 1. 1
2. 7. 1. 3
1. 1. 1. 45
1. 1. 1. 130
1. 10. 3. 3
1. 10. 2. 1
1. 1. 1. 10
ATP
CH CH NH 2 2 2
NH
HO
5. 4. 99. 5
1. 14. 16. 1 2. 6. 1. 5 1. 13. 11. 27
Indole
4. 1. 99. 1
1. 13. 11. 11
OH
O
OH
NH C C CH CH O 2 P
H H COO
NH2
COO
6. 3. 5. 3 6. 3. 2. 6 4. 3. 2. 2
Guanine
DNA
6. 3. 4. 4 4. 3. 2. 2
C
C
O
C
CH
HC
NH
N
N
HN C
C
O
C
CH
HC
NH
N
N
HN
3. 5. 3. 4
2. 4. 2. 1
2. 7. 7. 6 2. 7. 7. 6
2. 7. 7. 6
2. 7. 7. 6
2. 7. 4. 6
2. 7. 4. 3
2. 7. 4. 4
2. 7. 4. 6
2. 4. 2. 15
1. 1. 1. 205
6. 3. 4. 1
6. 3. 5. 2
2. 7. 4. 4
3. 5. 4. 3
3. 2. 2. 2
2. 4. 2. 1
3. 1. 3. 5
3. 1. 4. 6
6. 3. 4. 2
1. 17. 4. 1
1. 17. 4. 1
3. 5. 4. 12
2. 7. 4. 8
2. 7. 4. 9
2. 7. 4. 6
2. 4. 2. 4
1. 3. 1. 2
3. 5. 2. 2 3. 5. 1. 6
3. 5. 1. 6 3. 5. 2. 2 3. 5. 4. 1
Diphos pho-
mevalonate
Mevalonate
3-Oxopentanoyl-CoA
3-Oxoacyl-CoA 3-OH-Acyl-CoA 2, 3-E noyl-CoA
2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA 3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-OH-B utanoyl-CoA Crotonoyl-CoA
Pentanoyl-CoA 3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoA
1. 1. 1. 35
1. 1. 1. 35
1. 1. 1. 157
1. 3. 99. 3
1. 3. 99. 3
1. 3. 99. 2
1. 1. 1. 35
Odd C Fatty acids
S uccinylhomos erine
CO2
2-OXO ACID
Glutamyl-P
Glutamine
UR E A
P-Creatine Creatine
Creatinine
Glycine
CITR ULLINE
Glutamic
s emialdehyde
2-AMINO ACID
Pyrroline-5-
carboxylate
Glyoxylate Pyruvate
4-Hydroxy-
2-oxoglutarate
4-Hydroxy-
glutamate
3-Hydroxy-
pyrroline-
5-carboxylate
Putres cine
H NCH CH CH CH NH 2 2 2 2 2 2
S permidine
S permine
N -Trimethyllys ine
6 6
N -Trimethyl-
3-OH-lys ine
Carnitine
Glutaryl-CoA S accharopine 2-Aminoadipate
s emialdehyde
2-Aminoadipate 2-Oxoadipate
Arginino-
s uccinate
Guanidoacetate
Methylmalonyl-CoA
4. 1. 2. 12
As partyl
S emialdehyde
2, 3-Dihydro-
dipicolinate
1. 2. 1. 11
4. 2. 1. 52 1. 3. 1. 26
Piperideine-
2, 6-dicarboxylate
N-S uccinyl-
2-amino-6-oxo-
pimelate
2. 6. 1. 17
N-S uccinyl-2, 6
diaminopimelate
Diamino-
pimelate
3. 5. 1. 18
3-Methyl-
glutaconyl-CoA
(CH ) CHCH COS CoA 3 2 2 (CH ) CHCH COS CoA 3 2 2
3-Methyl-
crotonyl-CoA
Is ovaleryl-CoA
Oxopantoate HCHO
OOCCH C = CHCOS CoA 2
CH3
CH COCHCOS CoA 3
CH3
CH CH=CHCOS CoA 3
CH3
CH CH(OH)CHCOS CoA 3
CH3
C(OH)CH(OH)COO
CH CH 3 2
CH3
CH = CCOS CoA 2
CH3
HOCH CHCOS -CoA- 2
CH3
CH CHCO-S CoA 3
CH3
C (OH)CH(OH)COO
CH3
CH3
CH CH CHCOS CoA 3 2
CH3
CH C = CHCOS CoA 3
CH3
ATP
4-Aminobutyrate
(GAB A)
1. 3. 99. 7
1. 5. 1. 2
1. 14. 11. 2
2. 6. 1. 39 1. 2. 1. 31
1. 14. 11. 8
2. 5. 1. 16
2. 5. 1. 22
4. 1. 3. 16
2. 6. 1. 23
1. 5. 99. 8
1. 5. 1. 2
6. 4. 1. 4 1. 3. 99. 10
4. 2. 1. 33
2. 6. 1. 6
1. 1. 1. 85
Oxoleucine
COOH
(CH ) CHCHCH(OH)COO 3 2
S -Adenos ylmethyl
thiopropylamine
(Decarboxylated S AM)
PR OLINE
Coenzyme A
CH C= CHCH 3 2
CH3
O
CH
CH
3
3
HO
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH C-CH H O 3 2 2 C PP
CH2
CH C= CHCH O 2 2 PP
CH3
3-P-Glycerol
Phos phatidyl
ethanolamine
CE PHALIN
3. 1. 4. 12
2. 7. 8. 3
Proges terone
1. 5. 1. 12
2. 7. 3. 2
4. 2. 1. 17 3. 1. 2. 4
2. 6. 1. 32
4. 4. 1. 15
Acetyls erine 2. 7. 7. 4 2. 7. 1. 25 1. 8. 99. 1
Adenylyls ulphate
(APS )
2. 7. 1. 39
4. 4. 1. 15
4. 1. 1. 29
4. 2. 99. 8
2. 3. 1. 30
P-R ibos yl-PP
1. 1. 1. 1
1. 2. 1. 4
As partyl-P
5. 1. 1. 7
2. 7. 1. 40
4. 1. 3. 18
4. 1. 3. 18
1. 5. 1. 9
1. 14. 11. 1
CHOLINE
2. 1. 1. 13
1. 3. 1. 2
NHCH CH S H 2 2 NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2 P
ADP- NHCH CH S H 2 2 NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2
P-ADP- NHCH CH S H 2 2 NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2
1. 4. 1. 8
1. 3. 99. 3
1. 3. 99. 3
1. 4. 1. 9
4. 2. 1. 18
4. 1. 1. 20
1. 3. 99. 7
1. 8. 99. 2
+
CH CO-OCH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
2. 5. 1. 6
2. 1. 1. 10
2. 1. 1. 20
1. 1. 1. 3
1. 1. 1. 3
4. 2. 1. 18
4. 1. 2. 5
4. 3. 1. 5
4. 2. 1. 20
2. 1. 2. 1
2. 1. 1. 20
Glyoxylate
2. 1. 1. 6
1. 4. 3. 4
1. 14. 18. 1
1. 14. 16. 2
Hexanoyl-CoA
B utanoyl-CoA
6.3.4.16
6. 3. 5. 5
2. 7. 2. 11
2. 1. 3. 3
NO
1. 14. 13. 39
3. 5. 3. 6 3. 5. 3. 1
4. 3. 2. 1
4. 1. 1. 17
2. 7. 7. 41
2. 6. 1. 4
1. 1. 1. 100
1. 1. 1. 8
2. 3. 1. 51
2. 3. 1. 15
2. 7. 8. 5
S O
-
4
2
1. 14. 16. 4
NH2 OOC
OOC
4. 1. 1. 25
1. 3. 1. 13
1. 3. 1. 13
2. 7. 4. 6
CYTIDINE -
triphos phate
(CTP)
Cytos ine
2. 4. 2. 9
4. 1. 1. 11
2. 6. 1. 18
4. 3. 1. 3
4. 2. 1. 49
3
HS O
-
1. 1. 1. 105
2. 3. 1. 41
NADPH
1. 1. 1. 22
2. 3. 1. 4
5. 5. 1. 4
3. 2. 1. 26 3. 2. 1. 48
2. 6. 1. 16
1. 1. 1. 14
2. 7. 7. 34
4. 2. 1. 47
2. 4. 1. 68
2. 4. 1. 69
2. 4. 1. 9
5. 3. 1. 8
2. 4. 1. 11
O
OPPU
CH OH 2
CH OH 2
HO OH
OH
HO
2. 4. 1. 21
4. 2. 1. 52
1. 2. 1. 18
4. 2. 1. 18
O
CH
C
CH OC
N
HN
DP
CH
C
O
CH OC
N
HN
R PPP
OCH2
H
C C
H
OH OH
CH
N HN
C
H
C P
H
O
OCH2 C C
H
OH
H
OH
C
H
C C
C
NH2
C
CH
HC
N
R P(PP)
N
N
N
+
P
NH2 H
O
OCH2 C C
H
OH
H
OH
C
H
C C
OC
C
CH
HC
N
R P
N
N
NH P
H
OCH2 C C
H
OH OH
CO CH2 C
CONH2
C
CH
HC
N
R P
N
N
NH P
+
OOCCH N(CH ) 2 3 3
B etaine
B etaine
aldehyde
2. 4. 1. 16
5. 1. 3. 6
2. 4. 1. 33
2. 7. 7. 13
5. 4. 2. 8
5. 3. 1. 8
O
OH
CH OH 2
HO
O P HO
2. 7. 1. 28
2. 7. 1. 31
6. 3. 4. 13
5. 3. 1. 1
2. 2. 1. 1
4. 1. 1. 9
3. 1. 2. 11
-OH--Methyl-
glutaryl-CoA
6. 3. 4. 5
5. 3. 1. 6
2. 5. 1. 21
2. 1. 1. 2
3. 5. 2. 10
6. 3. 2. 13
6. 3. 2. 7-10
2. 7. 7. 27
2. 7. 7. 9
3. 5. 4. 10
C
C
O
C
CH
OC
N R P
N
N
H
HN
C
C
O
C
CH
N
N
N
HN
R P
H N 2 C
2. 7. 4. 6
1. 17. 4. 1
2. 7. 4. 6
2. 6. 1. 13
Carbamoyl-P
2. 3. 1. 9
Carnitine
2. 6. 1. 4 2. 6. 1. 44
CH C(OH)CH COS CoA 3 2
CH COO 2
1. 2. 3. 5
1. 1. 1. 34
2. 3. 1. 16
4. 1. 3. 5
2. 3. 1. 16
4. 1. 3. 4
Menaquinone
4. 1. 1. 15
2. 6. 1. 19
4. 2. 1. 16
Carnos ine
CH CH NH 2 2 2 C
NH N
C
HC
H
4. 1. 1. 22
4. 3. 1. 3
Ubiquinone
Plas toquinone
D-R ibos e-5-P
NH
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3 HO
+
O
OH
OH
HO
OPPU
COO-
O
OH
OH
HO OPPU
COO-
OH
H OH
HOCH2 C C CO
H
CO COO-
O
CHOH
CHOH AcNH
HO
OPC
O CO -
CH OH 2
O
CHOH
CHOH AcNH
HO
OH
COO
CH OH 2
O
OH OHHO HO
CH O 2 P
O
OH
ACNH
HO OH
CH O 2 P
O
O OH HO HO P
CH OH 2
O
OH OH HO HO
CH OH 2
O
OH HO OH
3
CH O 2 P
O
OH HO O
NHCOCH3
P
CH OH 2 CH OH 2 CH OH 2
O
OH HO OH
NH2
CH O 2 P
O
OH
HO
OH
OPPU
CH OH 2
O
O
HO
OH
OH
HO
P
CH OH 2
CH OH 2
O
O
HO
OH
OH
O
OH OH
OH
CH OH 2
O
OH HO
OH
OH
CH2 CH OP 2
OH
H H H OH
C C C C
OH OH H
COO- HOCH2
H
OH OH OH
C C C CHO
H H
HOCH2
H
OH OH H
C C C CHO
H OH
HOCH2
OH
H OH H
C C C CHO
H OH
HOCH2
H
OH H OH
C C C CHO
OH H
HOCH2
OH
H H OH
C C C CHO
OH H
HOCH2
OH
H OH OH
C C C CHO
H H
HOCH2
H
OH H OH
C C C C
OH H H
OH
COO- POCH2
OH
H OH
C C CO
H
POCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH H
C C CO
OH
HOCH2 CH OH 2
CH OH 2 POCH2
H
OH OH
C C CO
H
CH OH 2 POCH2
OH
H H
C C CO
OH
CH OH 2 POCH2
H
OH OH
C C CO
H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
OH
H OH
C C CO
H
HOCH2
CH OH 2
OH
H H
C C CO
OH
HOCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH OH H
C C C
H OH
HOCH2 CH OH 2
OH
H OH OH
C C C
H H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH H OH
C C C C
OH H H
OH
CH OH 2 HOCH2
H
OH OH
C C CHO
H
POCH2
H
OH H OH
C C C CO
OH H
HOCH2 CH O 2 P
H
OH OH OH
C C C
H H
HOCH2 CH OH 2
H
OH OH
C C C
H
CO
H
HO
POCH2 CH OH 2
P
H
OH OH
C C C
H
CO
H
HO
CH O 2 P OCH2
H
OH OH
C C
H
C CHO
OH
H
POCH2 POCH2
O
OH
NH2
OH
CH O 2 P
CHOHCHO POCH2
HOCH2COCH2OP
O
OH
O O P P
OH
CH O 2 P
CHOHCOOP POCH2
CHOH POCH2 COO
COO
OH
O HO
OH
COO
CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COS -CoA 3 2 14 2 CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COS 3 2 14 2
CH (CH ) COCH COS -CoA 3 2 14 2
CH (CH ) COCH COS -CoA 3 2 14 2
CH (CH ) COS -CoA 3 2 n+2
CH (CH ) CH=CHCOS -CoA 3 2 14
CH (CH ) 3 2 nCH=CHCOS -CoA
CH (CH ) 3 2 5 2 CH=CHCH COS ACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 6CH=CHCOS ACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 6COCH COS ACP 2 CH (CH ) 3 2 6 2 2 CH CH COS ACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 2 2 2 CH CH COS ACP
CH CH CH COS ACP 3 2 2
CH (CH ) 3 2 6CH(OH)CH COS ACP 2
CH CH=CHCO. S -ACP 3
CH (CH ) 3 2 2 2 COCH COS ACP
CH3COCH COS ACP 2
CH (CH ) 3 2 n 2 COCH COS ACP CH (CH ) 3 2 n 2 CH(OH)CH COS ACP
CH (CH ) 3 2 2 2 CH(OH)CH COS ACP
ACYL-CoA
(Mitochondria)
CH (CH ) CH CH COS CoA 3 2 2 2 n
CH (CH ) CH=CHCOS CoA 3 2 n CH (CH CH(OH)CH COS CoA 3 2 n
CH (CH ) CH CH COS CoA 3 2 2 2 2 CH (CH ) CH=CHCOS CoA 3 2 2
CH (CH ) COCH COS CoA 3 2 2 n
CH COCH COS CoA 3 2
CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COS CoA 3 2 2 2
CH CH(OH)CH COS CoA 3 2 CH CH=CHCOS CoA 3 CH CH CH COS CoA 3 2 2
CH CH CH CH COS CoA 3 2 2 2
Pentenoyl-CoA
CH CH CH=CHCOS CoA 3 2 CH CH CH(OH)CH COS CoA 3 2 2
CH (CH ) COCH COS CoA 3 2 2 2
CH CH COCH COS CoA 3 2 2
OH OH
HO OH
O
O-
CH O-PO 2
CH CHOHCH OH 2 2
O
CH2
CH2
R '-CO-OCH
O-CO-R
O-PO
O-
HOCH CH 2 2NH3
+ POCH CH 2 2NH3
+
CPP- OCH CH 2 2NH3
+
O
-
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O P 2 OCH CH 2 2NH3
+
CH COCH CH N(CH ) 3 2 2 3 3
HOCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
CH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
OH
OH
CH CH 2 COO- (NH ) 3
+
CO
NH2
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
NH
OC
CO
NH
OC
N
H
C
H
H N 2
HC
CH
N
N
C
R P
H N 2
CH
C
CH OC
N
N
DP
NH2
R PPP
CH
C
CH OC
N
N
NH2
C
C
C
CH
R P(P)
HC
N
N
N
N
NH2
H NCOO 2 P
(CH ) NH 2 3 2 H N(CH ) NH 2 2 3 (CH ) NH 2 4
(CH ) NH 2 3 2 H N(CH ) NH 2 2 4
CH -S CH CH CHNH 3 2 2 2
Adenos yl
+
+
CH3
CH3
CHCH(NH )COO 3
++
C
NH N
C
HC
H
CH CH(NH )CH OH 2 3 2
+
C
NH N
C
HC
H
CH CH(NH )CH OP 2 3 2
C
NH N
C
H
HC CH COCH OP 2 2
+
HS CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
+
S CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
R P
C
O
C-COO OC
N
HN CH
2. 4. 1. 23
CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 12 2
NH3
+
CH (CH ) CH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 14 2
NH3
+
CH (CH ) COCHCH OH 3 2 14 2
NH3
+
Galactos e CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O- 3 2 12 2
NH3
+
4. 1. 1. 70
H NCONH 2 2
OHCCH N(CH ) 2 3 3
+
C-CH3
C
O
CH OC
N DP
HN
DP
CPP-OCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
OCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
1. 2. 1. 41
UDP-N-Ac-Muramate
O
O
CH CH 3
COO-
NHAC
HO OPPU
CH OH 2
4. 1. 3. 20
O
OH
CH3
HO HO OPPG
2. 7. 7. 24
2. 4. 1. 22
2. 7. 7. 12
5. 1. 3. 2
5. 3. 1. 4
S edoheptulos e-PP
3. 1. 1. 28
4.2.1.24
N
CH2
CH2
N
N
N
CH3
CH3
CH
CH
COO
CH
CH
CH2
H C 3
H C 3 H C 3
HC
C
C
H
H
Fe
CH2
CH2
COO- -
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
H C 3
H C 3
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
CH
CH
H C 2
C
C
H2
H2
-
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CH2
COO -
H C 2
H C 2
CH 2
CH 2
OOC
COO
H N 2
N
H
-
-
CH2
H C 2
H C 2
H C 2
H2
H2
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
COO
COO
COO
COO
C
C
-
-
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CH2
COO- -
-
-
OOC -
OOC
-
CH3
CH3
H C 3
H C 3
H C 2
H2
H2
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
C
C
COO-
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CH2
COO - -
COO-
COO-
CH C(OH)CH CH O 3 2 2 PP
CH COO 2
OHCCOO
HOCH COO 2
NH2
H NCNHCH COO 2 2
+ NH2
H NCN(CH )CH COO 2 3 2
+ NH2
HNCN(CH )CH COO 3 2 P-
+ HN C
NH CO
N CH2
CH3
OOCCHCH COO 2
H NCNHCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2
N
(NH ) 3
+
COO
CHCOO HC
CH2 HOCH
N
OOCCH(OH)CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
CHCOO
CH2 HOCH
H C 2
N
H
NH
CHCOO
CH2 CH2
CH2
OOCCH(OH)CH COCOO 2
N
CHCOO
CH2 CH2
CH
CH COCOO 3 OHCCOO
+
H NCONHCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 (NH ) 3 COO
H NOCCH CH CH 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
R -CO-COO
+
COO R -CH(NH ) 3
+
COO H NOCCH CH 2 2 (NH3
+
OOC-CH-COS CoA
CH3
P OOCCH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
OOCCH CH CHO 2 2
OHCCH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
(CH ) NCH CH(OH)CH COO 3 3 2 2
+
OHCCH CH CH 2 2
+
COO (NH ) 3
POOCCH CH CH 2 2
+
COO (NH ) 3
OHCCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
NH CHCH CH COO 2 2
COO
CH CH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
H N(CH ) 2 4 2 CH(NH )COO 3 CH(NH3
++
(CH ) N(CH ) 3 3 2 3CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+ +
CH2
C
H
OOCC
N
HC
CH-COO
CH2
C
H2
CH-COO OOCC
N
H C 2
OOCCOCH CH CH CH-COO 2 2 2 CH CH 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CONH 2 2 OOCCHCH CH CH CH-COO 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CONH 2 2 CH 2 2
NH3
+
OOCCH-CH CH CH CHCOO 2 2 2
NH3
+
NH3
+
(CH ) CHC(OH)CH 3 2 2
COOH
COO (CH ) CHCH COCOO 3 2 2
+
(CH ) CHCH 3 2 2 CH(NH )COO 3
HOCH CHCOO 2
CH3
CHCOCOO
CH3
CH3 CH COC(OH)CH 3 3
COO
+
POCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
HOCH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3 OOCCH CH2COO 2
+
CH S H 2
OOCCH(NH )CH CH CONHCHCONHCH COO 3 2 2 2
HOCH C(CH ) COCOO 2 3 2
HOCH C(CH ) CH(OH)COO 2 3 2
NHCH CH COO 2 2 HOCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 3 2 ) 2 3 2
NHCH CH COO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2 P
CH CH 3 2
CH3
CH
+
CH(NH )COO 3
CH COC(OH)CH CH 3 2 3
COO CHCOCOO
CH CH 3 2
CH3
NHCHCH S H 2
COO
NHCH CH CO 2 2 OCH C(CH ) CH(OH)CO 2 3 2 P
+
CH S H 2
OOCCH(NH )CH CH CONHCHCOO 3 2 2
+
Adenosyl
S CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
S CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
+
HO S CH CH(NH )COO 3 2 3
+
+
S -CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
S -CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
HS CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
1. 1. 1. 23
H
C
NH N
C
HC CH CHCOO 2
NHCOCH CH NH 2 2 2
+
H
C
NH N
C
HC CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
CHCH CH COO 2 2
NH N
CH
OC C CH CHCOO
NH N
CH
CH
CH COO 3
N
H
OOC
CH-COO OC
NH2 CH2
H NCH CH COO 2 2 2
H NCH 2 2
CH3
CHCOO H NCONHCH CHCOO 2 2
CH3
C
C
O
CH
R P HC N
N
N
HN
C
C C
O
CH
HCO
N
N
N R P
C
CH
N
N
H N 2
H
C
C
C
O
CH
N
N
C
C
CH
N
N
R P
H N 2
H N 2
C
O
O
O P~ ~ P O
O
O O
P O
O
CH2
N
N
N
N
O
OH OH
NH2
HC
CH N
N
N
N
O
O
P O O
O
CH2
OH
NH2
HC
CH
COO
CO
NH
OC
N
H
C
H
H N 2
NH2
OOC-CH-CH COO 2
HNCO C
CH
N
N
C
R P R P
H N 2
OOC
C
CH
N
R P
N
C
H N 2
CH=CHCOO
OH
CH=CHCOO
CH COCOO 2
CH2
P
COO
OH
O
O
O
COO
O
CH COO 2
O
CH COO 2 -OOC
OCH2 CH2
OH H
C
P
HOCH HCOH
OC
COO
COO HO
OH
OH O
NH2 COO
OCH
NH
CH COCOO 2
NH
CHO
CO
NH2
OH
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
N
COO
COO
N
+
COO
COO
R P
O
OH
OH
HO OPPU
COO
O
OH
NHCOCH3
HO
OPPU
COO
CH OH 2
O
O
C CH2 NHAC
HO OPPU
COO
CH OH 2
O
OH HO OH
OH
COO
OOCCH N(CH ) 2 3 2
Dimethylglycine
1. 1. 99. 1
1. 2. 1. 8
COO
HO HO
COO
O
HO OH
COO
CH(O ) P POCH2 COO
CH(OH) HOCH2 COO COO
CH(O ) P HOCH2 COO
CH =C(O ) 2 P COO
CONH2
R ibose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P)
+
N
O
O
O
O
+
COO
N
R ibose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine
O
O
O
O
I I
I I
OH
O
CH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
E pinephrine
(Adrenaline)
Norepinephrine
(Noradrenaline)
Normetepinephrine
(Normetadrenaline)
HOCH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
Adenosyl
+
+
S CH CH CH(NH )COO 2 2 3
CH3
(CH ) N(CH ) 3 3 2 3CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+ +
OH
OOCCH CH CH COS CoA 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CH NH 2 2 2 2
OOCCH CH CH COCOO 2 2 2 OOCCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 COO COO (NH ) 3
++
HO
H
HO
H
H
HO
H
HO
H
Pros taglandin PGE2
OH
HOCH2 C C CO C COO
OH H
OH H H
-
COO
O R '-CO-OCH
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O POCMP 2
O
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3
+
O HOCH
CH OPO 2
CH OH 2
O-
CH OPO 2
O
CH OCH=CHR 2
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
CH OPO 2
O R '-CO-OCH
CH O-CO-R 2
3. 1. 1. 32
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
O HOCH
CH OPO 2
CH O-CO-R 2
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
CH CH(NH )COO 2 3
+
+
C
NH N
C
HC
H
CH CH(NH )CHO 2 3
HS
11-cis -R etinal
Pi
ADP
NADP +
GDP-
Mannuronate
Mannos e-6-P
Dehydro-
s hikimate
S hikimate
R NA
d-GDP
d-CTP
GUANOS INE -P
(GMP)
-Alanine
P-R ibos yl-AMP P-R ibulos ylformimino
5-aminoimidazole-
carboxamide-R P
Imidazole
acetol-P
HS HS O
-
PANTOTHE NATE
3-Is opropyl-
malate
S uccinic
s emialdehyde
2. 4. 1. 17
Diacyl
glycerol
2. 3. 1. 6
1. 14. 12. 1
1. 4. 4. 2
CH CHO 3
3. 5. 4. 19
4. 2. 1. 19
3. 3. 1. 1
4. 1. 1. 12
4. 1. 2. 5
COO-
2 OHCCH
2. 1. 4. 1
2. 4. 99. 7
5. 1. 3. 12
1. 1. 1. 132
4. 2. 1. 46
2. 7. 1. 7
2. 4. 1. 29
2. 4. 1. 21
2. 4. 1. 13
2. 4. 1. 1
etc.
5. 4. 2. 2
2. 7. 1. 6
2. 7. 7. 10
3. 1. 1. 18
4. 1. 1. 34
2. 7. 1. 47
2. 7. 1. 16
3. 1. 3. 9
ADP
P-Glucono
lactone
1. 1. 1. 44
O
O
OH HO
OH
CH O 2 P
PHE NYLALANINE TYR OS INE
TR YPTOPHAN
INOS INE -P
(IMP)
THYMIDINE -P
HIS TIDINE
UR IDINE -
triphos phate
(UTP)
CYS TINE CYS TE INE
IS OLE UCINE
LE UCINE
LYS INE
OR NITHINE
AR GININE
HYDR OXY
PR OLINE
PHOS PHATIDYL
S E R INE
Phos phatidyl
inos itol
LE CITHIN
S PHINGOMYE LIN
S TE R OIDS
Pregnenolone
2. 7. 6. 1
2. 4. 2. 14
6. 3. 4. 7
5. 3. 1. 9
3. 1. 3. 11
1. 2. 1. 13
2. 7. 2. 3
H
OH OH
C C C
H
CO
OH
C
H
H
OH
POCH2 CH O 2 P
5. 4. 2. 1
ADP
4. 2. 1. 11
E ndoplas mic R eticulum
1. 1. 1. 100
3. 1. 1. 3
Phos phatidate
2. 3. 1. 39
4. 2. 1. 17
4. 2. 1. 17
4. 2. 1. 55
1. 1. 1. 79
1. 2. 1. 21
1. 4. 3. 8
1. 1. 1. 32
2. 7. 1. 36
2. 7. 4. 2
4. 1. 1. 33
2. 5. 1. 1
2. 5. 1. 10
2. 7. 8. 5
2. 7. 8. 1
4. 1. 1. 65
2. 7. 7. 14
1. 3. 99. 7
PO
O
CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O 3 2 12 2
NHAcyl
CH CH N(CH ) 2 2 3 3
+
O-
3. 5. 1. 23
1. 13. 11. 21
2. 5. 1. 32
1. 1. 1. 105
2. 4. 2. 19
1. 2. 1. 32
ME THIONINE
4. 1. 3. 27
4. 2. 1. 51
1. 14. 17. 1
1. 14. 18. 1
1. 14. 13. 11
Glycinamide-
ribos yl-P
4. 2. 1. 22
3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA
THR E ONINE
1. 2. 1. 25
1. 2. 1. 25
1. 2. 1. 25
1. 5. 1. 7 - 10
GLUTAMATE
2. 3. 1. 38
ATP
NADH
S UCR OS E
ADE NOS INE -P
(AMP)
Triacylglycerol
FAT
R NA
CH3
CH2
OC-COO OH
COO
CH CH 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
GLYCOPR OTE INS
GANGLIOS IDE S
MUCINS
4. 1. 2. -
2. 6. 1. -
GLUCOS E
O-Acyl-carnitine
O-Acyl-carnitine
OH
O -
-
R -CO-OCH
R '-CO-OCH
R '-CO-OCH
O HCO-CO-R
CH CH(OH)CH O-P-OCH 2 2 2
CH O-CO-R 2
O R '-CO-OCH
O -
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O-PO 2
O-
2. 7. 8. 11
H NCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
2. 3. 1. 20 3. 1. 3. 4 2. 7. 1. 107
NH2
+
+
H NCNHCH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
H
OH H OH
C C C CO
OH H
HOCH2
CH OH 2
R -CH2COO
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O-CO-R " 2
R -CO-OCH
OH
O
CH CHNH 2 3
+
O R '-CO-OCH
O-
CH O-CO-R 2
CH O PO 2
COO
OOCCH CH CH 2 2 COO (NH ) 3
+
CH CH(OH)CH(NH )COO 3 3
O
OH HO
OH
OH
CH OH 2 CH OH 2
NH
CH O-CO-R 2
1. 3. 1. 13
4. 1. 1. 28
Malonic
s emi-
aldehyde
2. 7. 2. 4
2.1.3.3
3.5.1.2
6.3.1.2
6.3.5.5
Carbohydrates
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Amino Acids
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Lipids
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Purines &
Pyrimidines
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Biosynthesis Degradation
Vitamins Co-enzymes & Hormones
Pentos e Phos phate Pathway
Photos ynthes is Dark R eactions
COMPAR TME NTATION
The "Backbone" of metabolism involves
GLYCOLYS IS in the CYTOPLAS M,
the TCA CYCLE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
and ATP FOR MATION spanning the
MITOCHONDR IAL INNE R ME MBR ANE
An electron flow(an electric current) generated from
NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy
needed to formATP fromADP and phosphate
E lectron Flow Proton Flow
S mall Numbers ( eg. 2. 4. 6. 7) refer to the IUBMBE nzyme
Commission (E C) R eference Numbers of E nzymes
LE GE ND
Human Metabolism is identified as far possible by black arrows
Biosynthesis Degradation
HE MOGLOB IN CHLOR OPHYLL
ATP
T
R
A
N
S
L
O
C
A
T E D PR OTONS
2. 7. 1. 1
ATP
2. 7. 1. 2
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2003 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
www. iubmb. org
22
nd
Edition Designed by Donald E. Nicholson, D. Sc. , The University of Leeds, England and Sigma-Aldrich
Product No. M 3907
XXX
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