Communication

System
In the following course we will examine
communication by electrical signals.

In the past message have been carried by

 Runners

 Carrierpigeons
 Drum beats

 Torches

The examples of electronic communication

are
 Teleshopping

 Telebanking
Communication
System
A communication system is based on the
following components

1- Source
2- Input Transducer
3- Transmitter
4- Channel
5- Receiver
6- Output Transducer
1- Source:
The device which originates a message or
data is called a source for example human
voice, a television picture, etc.

2- Input Transducer:

If the data is non-electrical then we require
a device which should convert this data into
electrical waveform referred to as baseband
signal or message signal. The device which
performs this is called the input transducer.
3- Transmitter:
The transmitter modifies the baseband signal
for efficient transmission

4- Channel:
The channel is a medium through which the
transmitter output is sent. The examples of the
channel are
 Wire

 coaxial cable
 a waveguide

 an optical fiber

 a radio link.
5- Receiver:
The receiver is a device which reprocesses the
signal received from the channel by undoing
the signal modifications at the transmitter and
the channel.
The task of the receiver is to extract a message
from a distorted and noisy signal at the channel
output.

6- Output Transducer:

 it converts the electrical signal to its original
form.
 .

Transmitted Received Output

Signal Signal Signal

Input Output
message
Input Output Message
Transmitter channel Receiver
transducer Transducer

Distortion
and
noise
Noise
 Any unwanted signal is called noise. There are two
classifications of noise

 1- External Noise
 2- Internal Noise

 With proper care external noise can be minimized or even

eliminated.
 Internal noise results from thermal motion of electrons in
conductors, random emission, and diffusion etc. proper care
can reduce the internal noise but can never eliminate it.
 Noise is one of the basic factors that sets limit on the rate of
transmission.
Analog and Digital
Messages
Digital message are constructed with a finite
number of symbols.

Analog messages are characterized by data

whose value varies over a continuous range.

Regenerative Repeaters: