Precipitation

Pengendapan
HKK > Ksp
 Supersaturated solution (contain
more than its solubility caused of
abnormal condition) potent to
produce precipitate if the condition
get normal.

 In a simple word supersaturated

solution will produce precipitate
The purity of precipitate
Impurities could be:
 co precipitant

 post precipitant
Co-precipitant

 Contaminant/impurities of the
precipitate which are normally
soluble in the mother liquor
 Formed during the main
precipitate forming
 Adsorption at the surface
 Occlusion during the process of
crystal growth.
Post precipitation
 Precipitation occurs on the surface of
the main precipitate after its
formation

 Sparingly soluble substance forms

supersaturated solution
 Usually have common ion with the
main precipitate
Differs
Aspect Co precipitant Post precipitant

Forming time During the main After the main

precipitate precipitate

Forming Adsorption Super saturation at

the end caused by
process Occlusion excess prec. agent

Amount Great Small

Digest effect Less More
Agitation Less More
Digesting
 Let the precipitate in contact with the
mother liquor at a certain temperature
for a certain time
 Allowing the precipitate to stand for 12-
24 hours at room temperature, or
sometimes by warming the precipitate
for some time in contact with the
solution which it was formed
Goals of digesting
 To obtain complete precipitation in a form
which can be readily filtered by means :
1. large size
2. less impurities
Digest is effective for crystalline
precipitate but only has a little effect to
amorphous or gelatinous precipitate