Wheels and tyres

FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

PROF. KUNALSINH KATHIA
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Wheel and wheel assembly
Wheel are made by pressing light alloy casting.
The tyre must be strong enough to resist the counter and strong
enough.
A dishes steel disc is welded to or is integral with rim.
The assembly bolted to brake-drum makes the wheel demountable.
The rim of the wheel is very important structure, because the tyre is
mounted on the rim.
There are basically two type of rims, Drop centre and Flat base rim.
Flat base rim: The flat base rim has its centre portion flat, one side of the
rim is removable so tyre can be installed or removed.
This is also known as continues type .
This type of rim contents locking ring to hold the tyres.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Wheel and wheel assembly
Drop center rim: When the center portion of the rim is rolled to a
smaller diameter to form a well.
It is known as drop center rim. This rim allows a mounting of tyres by
squeezing the beads of the tyre together.
The rim is designed so that the well allows the beads of the tyre to
pass over the edge of the opposite side.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Wheel assembly.
It consist of hub,disc,rim,tyre and tube.
The wheels not only support the weight of the wehicle but also supports
from the road shocks and jerks.
The rear wheel move the vehicle and front wheel steer it.
All the four wheel must resist the braking stresses and withstand side
thrust.
Wheel must be:
Strong enough to absorbe rode stresses.
Capable enough to absorb road shocks.
Able to grip road surface.
Balanced statically and dynamically also.
Light and easily removable.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Terminology
Steel Wheels A very popular
design of wheel. Very strong
and cheap to produce.
Alloy Wheels Attractive and
light weight, but can be
difficult to clean.
Spoked Wheels Used on
older sports vehicles, but
cannot be fitted with tubeless
tyres.
Divided rims the rims are
made in two halves which
are bolted together, the rims
must never be separated
while the tyre is inflated.
Split rims the tyre is held in
place by a large circlip, do
not remove the tyre unless
you have been properly
trained
Radial Ply Tyre the main
plies of the tyre run at 90
degrees from one bead to
the other.
Cross Ply Tyre the main plies
of the tyre run at 45 degrees
from one bead to the other.
Plies Layers of strong fabric
which are built up to give the
tyre its strength and shape
Bead loops of steel which
are the anchorage point for
the plies.
Tread this provides the grip
with the road surface, the
pattern assists in clearing any
water away
Side Wall this connects the
beads to the tread of the
tyre.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Wheel - Basics
Some vehicles are fitted with alloy
wheels that are made of
magnesium or aluminium.
The pilot bore fits to the hub.
Most standard wheels are made of steel.
The rim holds the tyre.
The well of the wheel allows the
tyre to be removed and refitted
The centre section is
welded to the rim.
Centre mounting section
Rim
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Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Pneumatic Tyres
The tyre is a flexible casing, which contains air.
Tyres are manufactured from reinforced synthetic
rubber.
The tyre is made from an inner layer of fabric plies, which
are wrapped around bead wires at the inner edges.
The bead wires hold the tyre in position on the wheel rim.
The fabric plies are coated with rubber, which is
moulded to form the side walls and tread of the tyre.
Behind the tread is a reinforcing band, usually made of
steel,rayon,or glass fibre. Modern tyres are mostly
tubeless, so they have a thin layer of rubber coating
inside to act as a seal.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Pneumatic Tyres
The tyre is a flexible casing, which contains air.
Tyres are manufactured from reinforced synthetic
rubber.
The tyre is made from an inner layer of fabric plies, which
are wrapped around bead wires at the inner edges.
The bead wires hold the tyre in position on the wheel rim.
The fabric plies are coated with rubber, which is
moulded to form the side walls and tread of the tyre.
Behind the tread is a reinforcing band, usually made of
steel,rayon,or glass fibre. Modern tyres are mostly
tubeless, so they have a thin layer of rubber coating
inside to act as a seal.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Tyre Construction
Cross ply tyres are not used
on any mass produced
modern cars. However, the
construction details are useful
to show how tyre technology
has developed.
Several textile plies are laid
across each other, running
from bead to bead in
alternate directions.
The number of plies depends
on the size of the tyre and the
load it has to carry.
The same number of plies is
used on the crown and the
sidewalls.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Tyre Construction
Radial Ply tyres consist of a
carcass ply formed by textile
arcs running from one bead
to the other.
Each ply which is laid in an
arc at an angle of 90 degrees
to the direction the tyre rolls.
At the top of the tyre crown
(under the tread), there is a
belt made up of several plies
reinforced with metal wire,
laid on top of the carcass ply.
These crown plies, laid one on
top of the other, overlap at
an angle determined by the
type of the tyre.
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Tyre Specifications
P 205/55 V R 16
TYPE
P - PASSENGER
T - TEMPORARY
LT - LIGHT TRUCK
C - COMMERCIAL
WIDTH
(MILLIMETERS)
145-315
ASPECT RATIO
(HEIGHT/WIDTH %)
55, 60, 65 70 ETC
TYPE
B - BIAS-BELTED
D - DIAGONAL BIAS
R - RADIAL
RIM DIAMETER
(INCHES) 13, 14 ETC
P 205/55 V R 16 P 205/55 V R 16 P 205/55 V R 16 P 205/55 V R 16 P 205/55 V R 16 P 205/55 V R 16 P 205/55 V R 16
SPEED RATING
B (31 MPH) -
V (150 MPH) -
Z (OVER 150 MPH)
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Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia
Remember the tyre tread depth must be not less than 1.6mm over
the central three-quarters of the tyre and must go all the way
round the circumference in an continuous unbroken band with no
bald patches anywhere on the tyre tread.
If radial and crossply tyres are fitted to the same vehicle, the radial-
ply tyres must only be fitted to the rear.
Cross-ply and radial ply tyres must never be fitted to the same axle.
Tyre pressures must be set to the manufactures recommendations
The tread and side wall must be free from large cuts, abrasions or
bubbles
Wheels And Tyres F.A.S
Mechanical Engineering Department http://hjdmech.weebly.com Prepaired By: Prof. Kunalsinh Kathia