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John Lo
Professor Ogden
English 1A
20 June 2014
Annotated Bibliography

Akana, William. "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: A Hell of a Ride" Reading Critically, Writing
Well: A Reader and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison
M. Warriner. 10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 270-278. Print.

In the article "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: A Hell of a Ride" from William Akana, he titled the
topic because he saw the presentation of classic Universal Studio introduction and pixilated
format, just kind of back to the old time for one hell of a ride. He first talks about history of the
film that came from the book, and the plot of the movie. He evaluates the movie by targeting the
audiences, the special effects, and the themes. The most interesting part is characters has
information just like in the game. The movie directed as a game, like a player character with
game sound effects and special effects. I believe that the author enjoys the game like a part in the
game since special effects play a truly vital part in enlivening the style of the film. The authors
review on the film very thoroughly and let readers critically review the film.

Angela Lee Duckworth: The key to success? Grit. Ted. Ted ideas worth spreading, May
2013.Web. 23 May, 2014.

In the video, the speaker proposes a component that majorly contributes to success. Surprisingly,
it was nothing relevant to talent but grit. Grit was defined as a perseverance and effort over years
to make people achieve their goals. However, how to build grit in human is still a mistery. One
component known to help build grit is growth mindset. The speaker starts off with her teaching
experience in seventh grades in which her students performance did not match their IQ score.
Then, she talked about her study cases on various ages in different professions to find out the
emerged characteristic in successful individual. The show is for parents, teachers and for those
who are seeking for the inspiration. The talk show was at slow pace and very clear, so it is easy
for everyone including English learner to catch up. This topic is very encouraging to students and
by embracing the power of perseverance, the speaker successfully sent the message to the
audience that hard work leads to success.

Axelrod, Rise B., Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner. "A Guide to Writing
Autobiography." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. 10th ed.
New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 55-67. Print.




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In the article A Guide to Writing Autobiography, breaks down the barriers of personal
narrative with an easy-to-follow guide that includes thought-provoking questions, encouraging
suggestions, memory-jogging activities, tips for writing, advice on publishing one's stories in
print and online, and examples of ordinary people's writing. It starts from writing a draft by
choosing a memorable event or an important person to write about. Then, it suggests that we
shape our story by using naming, detailing, and comparing. After that, we should start revising
our draft to develop a more engaging, more thoughtful autobiographical essay. This guide offers
detailed suggestions for writing autobiographical essays and resources to help us strike the
special challenges this kind of writing presents. I found it helpful where the suggestion in the
chart may help us solve problems and strengthen our essay.


Axelrod, Rise B., Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner. "A Guide to Writing
Proposals." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. 10th ed. New
York: St. Martin's, 2013. 491-506. Print.

In this section, authors introduced the guide to writing proposals for writers to write a brief
proposal by their own. The guide show readers how to define the problem, argue in support of
solution, respond to possible objections and alternative solutions, and organize the proposal in a
way that makes it clear and easy to follow. The guide offers detailed suggestions for writing a
proposal and resources to help us enhance writing skills. Indeed, readers will have more
confident to bring problems to make fundamental change in the community. This guide is a
perfect guide for beginners to start with proposals, given with steps by steps solution and
sentence structure. I believe this guide is very useful for beginner proposal writers like us.

Bornstein, David. Fighting Bullying with Babies. Reading Critically, Writing Well: A
Reader and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M.
Warriner. 10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 447-458. Print.

Fighting Bullying with Babies is written by David Bornstein, an example of proposal writing
to solve the problem of bullying. The article is posted in New york Times blog, so the audience
would be blog readers and opened with a journalistic hook tone. The issue indicated is the
seriousness of bullying in the United States. He states one case occurred recently and analyze the
factors of bullying after. By then, he shows the solution of bullying by letting people visit baby
that represents as new life and nature. Bornstein employs several strategies in the writing that
could be helpful for writers. He demonstrates the problems that exists in the beginning of the
article to show the seriousness. He proposes a feasible solution to solve the problem by
responding to objections. The article is organized in a very clear, logical, and convincing.

Brownell, Kelly D., and Thomas R. Frieden. "Ounces of Prevention - The Public
Policy Case for Taxes on Sugared Beverages." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A
Reader and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper. 10th ed. New York:
St. Martin's, 2013. 466-73. Print.




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Ounces of Prevention is written by Brownwell and Frieden, proposes a policy for taxes on
sugared beverages to fight the obesity. The authors explicitly argue in favor of federal
government actions to address public health problems such as those related to obesity and
tobacco use. They assume that government should have a role in influencing peoples decisions
about their own health. Imposing taxes is one thing government can do. They respond to five
possible objections by conceding or refuting them. The authors include graphs and cite their
sources to enrich their arguments. Besides, the credentials of Brownell and Frieden have
influences the original audience with their reputation of the publication and affect college
students reading the proposal today.

DAmore, Jen. What is freewriting?. Handout.Eng1A,Pasadena City College: Dr.
Kirsten Ogden.Web. 23 May,2014

The video is all about free writing for 2 minutes from About. The content is about how to get our
creative juices flowing with free writing. The writing environment is not important, but just
make sure we have a pen and a paper to start writing. We are not allowed to stop or edit even if it
is wrong. The author suggests that free writing is a great way to warm up and get our creativity
flowing. Free writing will eventually turn a junk to a masterpiece in a meaningful content. It is
just a matter of blank page becoming a creative content. The video is all about free writing for 2
minutes, which is short and less in content. It can be great information to get to know with the
basic idea of free writing. The website is a great source of content to take reference from articles
and videos like Wikipedia.

Dillard, Annie. "An American Childhood." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and
Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner. 10th
ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 22-31. Print.

In the reading An American Childhood, written by Annie Dillard, is a story in first-person
form, about the author and her friends throwing snowballs at passing cars. One little mistake the
author made was throwing a snowball at a black Buick. The Buick pulled over, and out came a
man who ran after the children. The man chased them for what seemed like an eternity. He
chased them through hedges, down snowy steps, through every grubby backyard in Pittsburgh.
He chased them up Lloyd Street and down Edgerton Avenue; block after block. Eventually, the
children grew tired and sluggish, and eventually the man caught them by their jackets. He caught
his breath and, You stupid kids, was all he said. Redundant, a mere formality, and beside the
point. was how Dillard described this chewing out. The author believes the point of the chase
was that the man chased them passionately, without giving up. The man could have done many
things to the children, cut of their heads, beat them, but no, just three simple words she never
forgot. The reading is an excerpt from A Guide to Reading Autobiography that introduces such
powerful autobiographical selection by Annie Dillard to analyze by reading for meaning and
reading like a writer. Reading for meaning wants us to think about the meaning in Dillards
autobiographical story with our own knowledge or experience. The article wants us to analyze
writers own attitudes or cultural traditions. I think the article is useful for us to write a dramatic
story by using action verbs and series of prepositional phrases.




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eHow. "Writing tips: Writing an evaluation paper." Online video clip. Youtube.
YouTube, 2 Jun. 2009. Web. 13 Jun. 2014.
In the video "Writing tips: writing an evaluation value" gives an explanation of evaluation
writing and a structure of the essay. Basically, evaluating paper contains the writer's points of
view to a particular topics, or judgments, and provides evidences to support the points through
body paragraphs. To begin with an evaluating paper, the writes state their points of view. Then,
they use criteria to support their stances and validates their arguments in body paragraphs. After
all, they sum up their points and restate why their evaluation should be considered.
The video gives a general idea how an evaluation paper is and its common structure. It is a good
start for students before they begin evaluation essay assignment. However, further instruction is
needed to clarify the expectation of this type of writing as well as the differences from a typical
argumentative essay.

Elbow, Peter. Free Writing. Handout.ENG1A, Pasadena City College: Dr. Kirsten
Ogden.Web.23 May,2014.

In the reading, Peter Elbow proposes the effectiveness of free-writing on writing improvement
and how to practice free-writing. When we free write, we just need to focus on our current
thought and produce the words. There is no need to think of grammar errors or coherence. The
biggest mistake we usually make unintentionally is editing as we write, which stops us from the
stream of thought. At the result, free-writing helps strengthen writing skills by building up
fluency and ability to produce words at the first place. The author gives clear instruction and
explanation about free-writing from which reader can easily get the concept and follow the
strategy. An example of a paragraph of free-writing was attached in the reading, which gives the
reader an idea about free-writing. In the conclusion, the author sent such an encouraging message
to the audience to improve their writing. This reading is written for those who want to learn how
to write, and it can be used as a reference for professors as well. The text is easy to comprehend
and apply into study. It is a helpful guideline for students in writing classes.

Etzioni, Amitai. "Working at McDonalds." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and
Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner.
10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 246-259. Print.

This chapter is a guide to reading evaluation with a reading Working at McDonalds from
Amitai Etzioni. Etzioni points out a few reasons he thinks working at Mcdonald's is bad for the
teenagers, and no teenagers should be working there. These reasons include Mcdonald's kills
teenagers' potential, leadership skills, creativity, and they also provide misleading role models,
and cause teenagers to drop out of school due to their desire to make more money, which is a
very shortsighted. Mcdonald's also does not teach teenagers any knowledgeable skills they will
be needing throughout their lives. It doesn't teach them anything about work ethics, instead, it
creates an environment for them to escape from school and responsibilities. To further support
his arguments, Etzioni also compares working at Mcdonald's with working at a lemonade stand



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and delivering papers. I think the author did a thorough job of convincing his readers because
after I read his evaluation, I come to an agreement with him.

Haines, Katherine. "Whose Body Is This?. Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and
Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner.
10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 161-166. Print.

In "Whose Body Is This?, Katherine Haines argues against and blames society for the
insecurities and the dissatisfaction of women. The "look" that is presented to women today as
being "healthy" is tall, slender, and beautiful. Most women cannot reach this point unless they
resort to other means of dieting to attain that "beauty queen" image. These ways to approach
dream beauty lead to anorexia or bulimia, both of which are life threatening or deadly.
Unfortunately, there are many women taking this path. Society plays a very important role when
it comes to Body In today's society, there are women being controlled by expectations of being
slim and having that "perfect body". Women have to face the publicity of magazines, talk shows
concerning ... the image that a woman is supposed to uphold. Haines states that weight loss
programs, television and magazines are a "propaganda that happiness is in a large part based on
having that 'perfect body'...".. The author presents about the pressure women feel about
measuring up to an unrealistic social idea, such as thinness or beauty. This writing is another
great example of reflective writing which insights and ideas are central. The writer teaches us to
work imaginatively to develop our ideas, to explain and elaborate on them, and to view them
from one various angles. High self-esteem is necessary in order to not succumb to society and to
be more independent to make decisions. I have learned that it doesnt matter how others perceive
my body because it only matter what I think.

Harris, Jenee D. "Tupac and My Non-Thug Life." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A
Reader and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M.
Warriner. 10th ,. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 42-47. Print.

In "Tupac and my Non-Thug Life", Harris describes how the event of Tupac's death impacted
her life, particularly hers and her friend, Thea's. Tupac's death reminds her of her childhood and
growing up as one of the biracial kids in her neighborhood. She mentions at one point that
Tupac's music is like the soundtrack to her childhood. To the point that she and her friend get a
sharpie and mimic Tupac's tattoos onto their stomachs. I think that the message Harris is trying
to get across is that music has such an impact in our lives; it helps us grow and get us through so
much. The article wants us to recall a public event that affected us. We have to reflect on why
something that did not affect us personally nevertheless had an emotional impact on us.

"Hetain Patel: Who Am I? Think again." Ted. Ted ideas worth spreading, Oct 2013. Web.
20 June 2014.

In the Who Am I? Think again video by Hetain Patel, the author propose imitation, the way to
identify oneself. Imitation is the way we learn and perceive the world around us, but we perform
in the authentic way of ourselves, which makes us who we are. In other words, we do the act of
imitation every day, but whenever we fail to mimic others, we become ourself more



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authentically. He emphasized on language and identity. By the way we look and they way we
speak, people usually have assumptions about where we are from; however, these assumptions
are not always true. Our appearance might give a hint of our origin but never completely reflect
who we are.

Hooks, Bell. Critical Thinking. Handout.ENG1A, Pasadena City College: Dr. Kirsten
Ogden.Web. 23 May,2014.

In the article, critical thinking is said to be an essential skills in college, and it can be learned
through practice. It is a natural ability during childhood but gradually diminishes if it is not
practiced over time. Thinking critically consists of looking at the issue from different sides and
evaluating it; therefore, critical thinking is applied into reading, writing, listening and speaking.
It is necessary to keep an open mind in critical thinkers in order to accept points of view from
different perspectives. At the result, thinking critically is taken into account of students success.
The format of the text is like college academic writing. The text is organized into paragraphs
with main ideas. In the end, the article embraces critical thinking and emphasizes how useful it is
to learners. The text directs to college level students, so vocabulary used is academic language,
but it is not too hard to understand. The topic is engaging and useful for students because critical
thinking is required in all classes in college.

Horn, Heather. "Stop Close Reading. Theatlantic.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. 1
Jul. 2010.Web. 23 May 2014

Close reading is referred to interacting with the book and making connection with what readers
already have while reading in order to understand the content at depth. However, this method of
reading is no longer embraced due to the fact that students turn out to hate reading, and they are
not able to get the big picture when focusing on specific segment of the reading. Also, close
reading takes a huge amount of time when student focus to one passage. The article gives favor
to reading more different texts and less deep, so the students can expose to diversity and choose
to go in depth with what they really like.
Intended audiences of this article might be teachers, professors and educators who design the
course for students. The idea proposed is not biased at all. In fact, it is very realistic due to the
fact that not everyone like reading what they are assigned and willing to dig so deep into what
they are not interested in just because they have to.
For my own reference, I see the benefits close reading brings to students; however, if I have to
do it for every reading assignment in college, I do not think I can handle it. Regardless of the
disadvantage of it, that is a great idea to read actively.


How to Write a Literacy Narrative. Hubpages.com. Explore. Books, literature, and
writing. Commercial and creative writing. Finding your writers voice, n.d. Web. 30
May. 2014

In the reading "How to Write a Literacy Narrative," the author introduce the process to write a
Literacy Narrative. Autobiography is a writing that reflects one's' personal significant experience.



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In fact, writers tell their own stories that significantly influenced their own lives. Therefore,
when composing a narrative writing, the writer first of all should have self-reflection time to
think clearly about the most memorable events about which they want to write. Beside, narrative
writing is telling a story which contains events, characters along with sensory and emotional
descriptions. Writers can use direct quotations or dialogs to make the story more vivid. In
narrative writing, the language, the tone reflect writer's attitude and also give a huge impact on
audience, so depending on their purposes in the piece of writing, the writer can choose
appropriate way to approach their intended audience.
The text is helpful to college students and writing professor since autobiography is essential in
college application, personal statement for scholarships as well as internship, which are all
autobiography. Furthermore, the texts propose a useful concept and primary step to compose a
narrative essay.
This reading again restate the importance of free writing, which we have read at the beginning of
the course through Peter Elbow. The specific example of narrative writing helps clarify how to
write a narrative essay and is useful when doing this week writing assignment.
"How to write a reflection paper." Wikihow. Mediawiki. n.d. web. 6th Jun. 2014.
http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Reflection-Paper
In the website, the reflection paper specifically related to academic outcome reflects students'
understanding after the course. The reflection paper is written from individual points of view but
maintained in formal writing style. To compose a reflection paper, students are suggested to
follow the process of brainstorming, organizing, writing the first draft, and revision. As a typical
academic essay, the structure of a reflection paper consists of an introduction in which the
achievement of the course is introduced, multiple supportive paragraphs which describe the
learning process in details, and a conclusion which gives a overall wrap up of the supports and
matches the introduction. The reflection essay is subjective; however, it must be maintain in
academic tone and the details including evidence and personal experience should be written
carefully selected to support writers' points. The ideas in this reflection essay can be expanded
and connected to social issue beyond the classroom.
The article addresses the definition as well as the procedure in details to guide students complete
a reflection essay. There are samples and pictures to demonstrates how to do the step, which is
clear and convenient for audience. Although this is not an official website for writing course,
these tips are very helpful for whoever that wants to learn about writing process.

Jennings, Danna. "Our Scars Tell the Stories of Our Lives. Reading Critically,
Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper,
and Alison M. Warriner. 10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 129-39. Print.

In the Our Scars Tell the Stories of Our Lives by Denna Jennings, he wrote this screen
victimization scars to symbolize the combats he has faced in his lifetime conflict with prostate
cancer. The piece flows gradually transitioning from paragraph to paragraph more and more as
Dana describing each physical scar his body suffered through. He explains his experience and
tells how it shaped him into the person became today. Many of the conditions Dana writes
somewhat ar the basic fundamental occurrences that pot experience at nonpareil point or another



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throughout life. Jennings talks about the time he was young, undergoing scrapes and bruises, to
surviving complex cancer elimination surgery. The story of Danas hardships can be used as a
metaphor of life, showing the comparison of young and trouble free to growing old and
encountering harder situations. Jennings reminds us that scars are often seen as defacing. The
author may not be proud or embarrassed by his scars because they are born of accident and
necessity. He believed in the power of stories and the power of scars. The author states that his
life is how it became because of the factors he encountered in his past time, making him out to be
a strong person physically and mentally. Better to be a scarred and living dog because to be a
dead lion. This writing reflects the usage of figurative language by adding colors and richnesses
to create a vivid image or other sensory impression in readers minds.

Loveyourpencil. "Writing a reflection." Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 22 sep.
2012. Web. 6 Jun 2014.

The video "Writing a reflection" is basically a short lecture on how to write a reflective essay. It
emphasized on the contains and aspects expected in reflective essay. In fact, what the writers
think and feel upon the issue are way more important than just describing things or summarizing
stories because the purpose if reflection essay is to demonstrate our understanding towards a
learned topic. Keys tips to start off the essay was proposed, and it is essential to think and write
down our thought and reasons before organizing and writing a draft. The video gives clear and
very understandable instruction. While the article "How to write a reflection paper" emphasizes
on the writing procedure, this video gives a clear explanation and example to clarify the
difference between a descriptive writing.

Kornbluh, Karen. "Win-Win Flexibility." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and
Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper. 10th ed. New York: St.
Martin's, 2013. 474-482. Print.

In the article, Karen proposes a problem with flexibility within the workplace. She offers a great
amount of facts supporting her proposal. She organizes her proposal in a way that helps readers
see the problem first and find time to agree with her, and then Karen has a detailed solution at the
end, that offers complete details as to how to solve the problem, and who will be affected.
Andria: Two working parents and daycare. Karen offers many facts and problems that typical
jobs are putting employees through including no benefits, the demand of employees to be
available around the clock. The article recall readers own experiences as a child or a parent and
the ways that their parents have had to juggle time for parenting and work. Learning from the
article, writers not only need to explain the problem but to conceive readers that it exists and is
serious enough to justify the actions the writer thinks are necessary to solve it. The success of
Kornbluhs proposal depends on her ability to persuade readers and solutions provided.

Pipher, Mary. "Cooling Down." Writing to change the world. New York: Riverhead, 2006.
149-166. Print.

In chapter 10 Cooling Down, Pipher explains that in order to "fail better", or in other words,
revise. Major points in revision came down to: reading work aloud, pause and rest, maintain



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focus in accordance to audience, all while maintaining concise and exact in your own words. In
order to do so she advises to not only write for those who agree with what you are saying but
also for those who are unconvinced. Lastly, she ends this chapter explaining that success is more
about quality as opposed to quantity, and that you have done your best. With that being so, I tend
to start to think what if my best isn't good enough? A question I am almost positive every scholar
has once asked themselves. Being that we are so pressured to get straight A's in school or
otherwise face a life with no job, I wonder what happens to those who's best was not good
enough for that letter grade.

Pipher, Mary. "Diving in- getting started," Writing to change the world. New York:
Riverhead, 2006. 75-87. Print.
In chapter six "Diving in-getting started," Pipher re-defines the definition of writer and writing.
According to her, writers are the ones who have a desire to share their stories, and go through a
long process to the final writing products. Writing required deep thought, numerous practice and
more than anything else, perseverance. This is definitely not a talent born but the skills mastered
by repetition, and the writing is spirited by deep self-awareness and complete thought, which are
referred to temperament, the component of a writer that she favored over writing mechanism
skills. By comparing writing activity with the swimming activity, Pipher urges her reader to start
writing without hesitation because one it is started, the process is "flow".
Pipher connects to readers' writing experience though emotion by which she uses the image of
swimming activity, so her advice to just start writing is more convincing psychologically.
Moreover, she shares her emotion including stress, anxiety she has during writing as a writers to
encourage everyone to overcome the fear of writing. In every support, she uses her own
experience and then connect them to a psychology concept to explain the cause and proposes the
resolution so that her audience has a realistic idea about writing. Her tips are very helpful and
can be applied into academic writing courses.
Pipher, Mary. "Growing our soul," Writing to change the world. New York:
Riverhead, 2006.53-64. Print.
As the previous chapter and also the repeated idea so far in this book, writing is from the inside
and reflects who the writers are. Writing starts from the inner self and is generated from one's
own experience. In other words, the topics we are concerned are originated from our past. The
author tries to say that if our souls are nurtured, we have more access to people's stories through
mutual experience.Our action is not what we planned but driven by our concern ever since
existed in our subconscious mind built through individuals experience. Therefore, the deeper we
explore our inner self , the more directional and powerful our motivation for a call will be. Also,
in growing our soul, Pipher advocates the change for a better society and urge her audience to
share their own stories.
This chapter mostly shows the authors activities throughout her childhood observation and when
she grew older, which clearly demonstrates her developed soul leads to more effective and



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influential actions towards the community. The example makes her concept easier to understand
and relate to ourselves as we read the book.

Pipher, Mary. "Knowing thyself," Writing to change the world. New York: Riverhead,
2006. 33-43. Print.
In chapter two "Knowing Thyself," Pipher emphasizes that writing reflects writers'
personal background and experiences, so everyone can be a writer and has unique stories to tell.
Our stories are made up from our identity and how we perceive the world, so every story
contributes to our divergent world; thus, there is no reason for anyone not to share them. In this
chapter, writing is introduced as a two way road. While an effective writing required clear
thoughts from inner self, the process to find writers value leads to a better self-awareness. From
her piece of identity poem, from which readers can easily link to their own, she connects the
readers to the concept proposed in the entire book: writing is to connect the people who share the
same ideas and direction in life. By the chains of examples taken from her own life, she shows
the fact that every individual has different values and certain concerns and encourages the
audience to explore themselves and share their stories to the world because it might influence
someone and change one's life that they, in writers roles will never know.
By the poem "I am from" she demonstrates her origin, her philosophy, her hometown and
her family background to leads readers to the think about who they are, from which she really
convinces her audience everyone has their own background, so every individual has their own
unique stories to tell. Naturally, we will think writers are really special and only the talent people
born with theses skills can become writers, but in reality, as she argues, "writing comes from our
beings. The deeper we explore our soul the deeper and therefore richer will be our writing." Her
philosophy and her arguments re-define the definition of writing which make the audience to
think that writing is something they can do too.

Pipher, Mary Bray. "Introduction and Chapter 1." Writing to Change the World. New
York: Riverhead, 2006. N. pag. Print.

In the introduction and first chapter, writing is proposed to have such important role in shaping
the way people think and how they perceive the world. Therefore, writers are the pioneer in
bringing readers to a new level of knowledge. Besides, language is mention as weapons which
means it is two sided knife taking good and bad influence on the audience. Regardless of the
misuse of language to insult people, it is a great tool to connect people in all over the world.
Taking a further step, writing in its real meaning establishes intimate relationship between
writers and their readers, and good writing can change people's mind and positively takes
influence on reader; at the result, a wide connection globally is formed. On the other hand,
writers, by using their words properly, is described as leaders of thought, so they need to be clear
on giving direction by being clear from inside their heart and soul. In the reverse way, writing
helps identify people. In the book, the author uses her life stories as illustrations of how living
environment influences on us as we grow up. in every chapter, there are many quotes matching
the main points of the chapter, which harmonized the concept the author proposes. The
introduction brings up the unfairness and paradoxes in the world, which implies the reason



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people need to take issues more serious and writing is to spread out the words. In chapter one,
How writing affects readers is clearly showed through examples and illustration. And Mary, the
author, give her background for the world to see how her childhood life impacted on who she is
now.

Pipher, Mary. "Point of View." Writing to change the world. New York: Riverhead, 2006.
133-149. Print.

In Point of View by Mary Pipher, Pipher moves on to the nitty-gritty strategies for The
Writing Process. Once writers have a keen sense of who they are and what biases and passions
they bring to the page. In the chapter on Point of View, it is found to be notably helpful she
deals with the different insinuations of using we instead of I and breaks down the
distinctions of Insider, Outsider, and Connected Critic. She effectively goes beyond you should
do/not do this to explain how each device or perspective impacts a piece. She challenges writers
to better understand the unique perspective that they can contribute to a world fraught with
challenges.

"Proposal to Solve a Problem. Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and
Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner.
10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 445-447. Print.

In Proposal to Solve a Problem, the author introduces the proposal writing that analyze a
problem and evaluate the solutions. It offers several brief proposals for reference, with questions
that help readers to read critically and write well. The article gave several rhetorical situations for
proposals for readers to understand the general idea. It is important to recognized the factors in
proposals by knowing the audience that may inspired, the purpose to take an action, and more.
This short excerpt is very useful for proposal beginner writers to discuss the idea that would able
to solve a problem. Proposal writing is based on the audience and purpose to address the problem
and solutions feasibility or practicality.


Prose, Francine. "Close Reading. Theatlantic.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Aug.
2006. Web. 23 May 2014

In Close Reading, Francine Prose emphasizes the close relationship between reading and writing
through her experiences on the road to become a writer. In other words, reading empowers
writing. It first gives readers ideas towards an issue or a topic then shapes their thoughts. In the
article, reading is said not only to be for pleasure, but also involve in interaction with the text,
connection with readers' already existed experience, and synthesis with other texts; thus, readers
understand the material in deeper level and their imagination is expanded to infinity. This
method of reading Francine has used ever since is referred to close reading. Although readers
goes line by line or even word by word when close reading, surprisingly, they still find
something they have missed when re-reading the books, which once again proves that reading
embraces individual thinking, and what people get out the text definitely depends upon their



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personal experiences and their approaches towards the texts. By narrated her own stories from a
middle schooler to a graduate, the author argues that writing is gained through practice, and the
essential component to make a good writer is reading passionately and critically. Her creative
writing class functioned as a workshop to strengthen her revision skills; however, the ideas and
technique to write a book essentially came from reading. Paying attention to what was written by
an experienced writer taught her how to write and gradually enhanced her work. The article aims
to college students, professors and educators to show the power of reading in general and
provoke close reading in particular. Since the article is written from experience of a successful
writer, it might work well for students taking writing courses or for whoever that wants to be a
writer. Close reading required lots of work; however, it is worthy at the end. I can apply some of
the reading strategies for my annotated bibliography assignment and research paper. One of the
example in the article saying reading could help initiating original idea attracted my attention.
Usually when I have writing assignment on a particular issue, I do not have any idea about it.
Starting off with key word given is a great way to expose to the topic and shapes my thought
later. I love the idea of interacting with the text and making connection because it helps
understand the material, expand the knowledge and enrich my ideas when beginning to write.
Close writing is great in a way; however, I might not use it in every single reading because it
takes too long. Also, I will be bored easily when reading the topic I am not interested in, and it is
not easy to connect and dig in beneath the surface when the reading material unfamiliar in
content.

Rosen, Christine. "The Myth of Multitasking" Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader
and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M.
Warriner. 10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 270-278. Print.

In the article The Myth of Multitasking from Christine Rosen, she examines the rise of media
multitasking, the simultaneous use of several different media , such as television, the Internet,
video games, text messages, telephones, and e-mail. Trying to do as many things as possible as
quickly as possible all at the same time leads to workplace distraction, so much so that many in
the business world are worrying about "attention deficit trait." Rosen reports on how
multitasking also adversely affects how we learn. She notes that people addicted to this
hyperactive way of life are becoming increasingly impatient and uncomfortable with silence.This
article is very useful for knowing the benefits of multitasking and purpose. Therefore,
multitasking is essential. The topic is very encouraging who wants to know more about the
general idea of multitasking.

Shah, Saira. "Longing to Belong." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A Reader and Guide. By
Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M. Warriner. 10th ed. New
York: St. Martin's, 2013. 37-41. Print.

In the Longing to Belong from Saira Shah's autobiography is written with powerful imagery.
The most interesting detail she includes is her discomfort with her family's customs, which is
displayed when she says, "He would often generously withdraw a half-chewed delicacy from his
mouth and lovingly cram it into mine." This provides insight into another culture of which Shah
is apart of, but does not necessarily understand that something most people could probably relate



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to. Most heart-wrenching about this essay is Shah's "romantic vision" of visiting her father's
Afghan relatives, but having to dealing with her uncle's assumption that she was in want of an
arranged marriage instead. Shah's reference to fairy tales also proves to be powerful because, just
like a misplaced princess, she thought that by doing one thing she would be closer to finding her
identity. Nevertheless, Shah found this problematic. It is striking to read a woman from Europe
who questioned her family's customs of the East. The article wants us to think about any
experiences we might have had an outsider longing to belong, such as when we moved to a new
place. I feel this article helpful because I learned how to combine description with narration to
show how the person looks, acts, and talks. It is important to let readers a memorable image of
the person by creating a dominant impression.

Shirey, Gail. Learning how to Annotate. Online video clip. Youtube. Youtube, 21 Nov.
2011. Web. 24 May.2014

In the video, the speaker proposes the idea of annotating. The clip starts by emphasizing the
purpose of annotating is to help engage our mind with the text and focus attention on the reading.
Then, she talked about the steps of annotating by first turning any headline or title into a
question. By that, we can focus on the topic and look for the answers on the text. As the clip
move along, the speaker asked us to look for the topic sentence for each paragraph and underline
them. We also have to numbered the key points and write the notes on the margin. The clip was
at slow pace and very clear, so it is easy for everyone to catch up. This topic is very encouraging
to students who want to learn annotating at the first time.

Silvestri, Kaz. "Descriptive Writing." Online video clip. Youtube. Youtube, 14 Mar. 2013.
Web. 30 May 2014.

Descriptive writing is a type of writing in which we describe a person, a place or a scene. A
descriptive essay has the same structure as a narrative essay, which includes an introductory
paragraph followed by several supportive paragraphs and a conclusion paragraph. In descriptive
essay, the writer is expected to show the scenario or events through detailed descriptions through
all senses to make it vivid. The video is very informative to students who are learning to write
since it covers the basic structure of an academic essay. Clusters used in the video is a great
strategies to brainstorm and organize the idea before starting to write.

Sparks, Dennis. "Learning through Learning." Learning Forward. N.p., 9 Feb. 2009. Web.
12 June 2014.

In the article Learning through Learning from Dennis Sparks, Dennis emphasizes schools
possess souls, aspirations, commitments, and a passion for the good that are both informed by
and expressed in their symbols, rituals, ceremonies, and spirit. It exist because leaders welcome,
honor, and nourish the souls of people in the school. Eventually, leaders cultivate soul when they
nourish their own souls through practices such as journal writing and solitude. Therefore, they
are more likely to display the generosity of spirit, empathy, and profound respect for others that
calls forth the soul of the organization. This is an article that emphasizes Mary Pipher ideas on



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change writing which is a good reference. I think this article is a good research for writers to
elaborate on their writing.

Staples, Brent. "Black Men and Public Space." Reading Critically, Writing Well: A
Reader and Guide. By Rise B. Axelrod, Charles Raymond Cooper, and Alison M.
Warriner. 10th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 129-39. Print.

Black Men in Public Spaces by brent Staples is a perfect example of racial profiling and
stereotyping, Brent Staples describes how his skin color could cause uneasiness in people and
how he had to moderate his behavior to accommodate them. In many cases, stereotype is an
inaccurate representation of a certain group of people and can inadvertently produce bigotry.
Those who experience the sting of being scrutinized often become isolated or angry at society.
Staples mentions in his story how he chose to remain a shadow timid but a survivor to
contrast the attitude belonging to his friend, brother, and cousin who he says had all gone down
in episodes of bravado on the street. The way the author accepts the misconstrued
preconceptions implemented on him and people of his race shows how cruel and ignorant society
can be when judging their fellow man. Im one of you-not violent, like those guys. These
personal insights support the argument made by his previous anecdotes, contrasting his peaceful
nature with the violent savage society imagines him to be. I believe the message portrayed in the
text is that prejudice may against someone but they should do their best to overcome it. It is
inspirational how authors emotional intelligence allows him to be a strong person when he is
misjudged.

Tan, Amy. "Mother Tongue." 50 Essays: Portable Anthology. Second ed. New York:
Bedford/St. Martin's: Samuel Cohen, 2007. 417-23. Print.

Pipher gives us ideas of where we may start our writing and promise that we will see our true
value as a person. This form of writing can be seen in Amy Tans "Mother Tongue. Tan writes
about how well at a conference her mother was attending she became self-aware of the way she
spoke in a professional background and notice the very different ways she spoke in comparison
to the way she would have spoken to her mother. This self-awareness made Amy Tan write her
books from a standpoint of the relationship she has to her mother and helps the reader create that
world and bond with the story. The way these examples reflect on change writing is with the idea
of knowing and using your own voice and experiences and creating that bond with not only you
and the text but between you and the reader.

The evaluation essay.aims.edu.n.d. Web. 13 Jun. 2014

The Evaluation Essay defines this type of writing as a demonstration for the "overall quality"
of an event, a product or a service. An evaluation essay contained judgment that should be based
on a criteria to which the same category stick , so the judgment are validated in term of
objectiveness. In order to write an effective evaluation paper, it is suggested that the paper



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should include criteria, judgment and evidence to validate the arguments in the essay. In fact, the
criteria is referred to the expectation for the ideal quality; whereas, the judgment reflects reality.
In very judgment, we use details to support our points. The reading also gives suggestions on an
effective organization and the choice of topic.

This article provide sufficient information about evaluation essay and present thorough ideas for
audience to understand and apply to their writing assignment. If compared with the video
Writing tips: writing an evaluation paper, this text is more informative and helpful.

Wells, M. Jaclyn, et al, Step for revising your paper. The Writing Lab & The
OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 1 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 Jun. 2014

In Step for revising your paper, a chain of questions are proposed to assist the writer in
revision process. As editing our first draft, it is essential to switch role from writer to reader and
read it critically to evaluate on the thesis of the paper, the coherence and unifying between
paragraphs. Beside the organization, we also need to check word usage and grammar errors to
minimize possible mistakes.
This is a very useful guideline for revision process. It covers most of the aspect needs we need to
consider and could be used as a checklist during revision process


Wong, Karen.,and Rachel Bell. Timed Essay Strategies. Handout.Eng1A, Pasadena
CityCollege: Dr. Kirsten Ogden.Web. 23 May,2014

In the article, Karen Wong and Rachel Bell propose strategies to help students who take timed
essay writing. Before beginning the exam, we have to plan our time wisely for a clear plan. The
writers suggests clustering and list method to select and organize possible supporting points , and
ensure the thesis statement is strong and focused. Read the prompt carefully and start with the
keywords. If we dont understand the question, we will fall into wrong central idea . The writers
recommend us to stay organized and focused on the topic. Under the timed pressure, we need not
spend too much time over grammar, spelling and punctuation. Therefore, set time aside at the
end to proofread the essay. The revised format is double space for clear readings, and makes use
of the spaces between the lines for more details.

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