ZAIN AHMED SIDDIQEE CE_E07_103

BATCH REACTOR
INTRODCTION:
In a batch reactor the reactants and
the catalyst are placed in the reactor
which is then closed to transport of
matter and the reaction is allowed to
proceed for a given time whereupon
the mixture of unreacted material
together with the products is
withdrawn. Provision for mixing may
be required.
Typical diagram of batch
reactor
Typical diagram of batch
reactor
In all batch type reactor there is a feed line from
•
where the reactants enters inside chamber
•There is a vent and product out line as well
•There is a stir used for agitation and throw out
mixing which is controlled
•The pressure line is supplied from the top to
maintain required pressure needed
•The temperature control element is also required
with sensor normally thermocouple or
thermometer
•Sometimes a cooling or insulation jacket is also
supllied and in some cases heat exchanger coil all
around the vessel
Different types of batch
reactors
Sequencial Batch Reactors(used in water
treatment in mostly)
FED Batch

Fed-batch reactors
•Fed-batch is a production
technique in between batch
and continuous
fermentation. A proper feed
rate, with the right
component constitution is
required during the
process.
•It is mostly use in
fermentation technique and
different chemical
processes having long
residence time
Stirred batch reactors
Stirred Batch Reactor:
•It contains catalyst dispersed as slurry
•There is a better contact b/w reactants
and catalyst in this type of reactor
•This reactor is useful for substrate
solutions of high viscosity and for
immobilized enzymes with relatively low
activity
Semi Batch Reactor
•A semi-batch reactor is operated with both
continuous and batch inputs and outputs. A
fermenter, for example, is loaded with a batch,
which constantly produces carbon dioxide,
which has to be removed continuously.
Analogously, driving a reaction of gas with a
liquid is usually difficult, since the gas bubbles
off. Therefore, a continuous feed of gas is
injected into the batch of a liquid. An example
of such a reaction is chlorination.
Usage of batch reactors

1. Small scale production

2. Intermediate or one shot production

3. Pharmaceutical

4. Fermentation
Kinds of Phases Present

1. Gas phase

2. Liquid phase

3. Liquid Solid
Mathematical Formulii
Advantages

The advantages of the batch reactor

lie with its versatility. A single vessel
can carry out a sequence of different
operations without the need to break
containment. This is particularly
useful when processing, toxic or
highly potent compounds.
Advantages
1. High conversion per unit volume for
one pass

2. Flexibility of operation-same reactor

can produce one product one time
and a different product the next

3. Easy to clean
Disadvantages

1. High operating cost

2. Product quality more variable

than with continuous operation

Batch Reactor Control
The following are the reaction variables
control in batch process :
Industrial examples
ICI CHEMICALS PAKISTAN
•chemicals used in a variety of
industries including fertilizer, cement,
polyester, oil and gas, plastics, non-
chemical products like specialized
fibers, solvents, adhesives and paint
industries. 
•Most of the chemicals are prepared
on small scale production on the
batch reactor
•Some of these chemical are
additives, polyols, glycols, water
treatment chemicals, solvents etc.
References
•http://userpages.umbc.edu/~gferre1/fedbatch.html
•http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=pnNc496xxEMC&pg=PA24
•http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/IMMOB/stirred
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactor#Semi-batch_reacto