StudyBlock3ActivitiesforChemicalReactions

1.Writebalancedequationsforthefollowingchemicalreactions.

1 Solidpotassiumdichromatedissolveswhenaddedtowater
2 Magnesiummetalreactswithaqueoushydrochloricacidtoformhydrogengasand
aqueousmagnesiumchloride
3 Aqueoussolutionsoflead(II)nitrateandpotassiumiodidearemixedtoformsolid
lead(II)iodideandaqueouspotassiumnitrate
4 Nitrogenmonoxidegasreactswithoxygeninairtoproducenitrogendioxidegas

Information:Equationscanonlybebalancedbywritingnumbersinfrontofformulasin
theequation

Example Observation Reactants Formulas Products Formulas

1

Equation

Balanced
Equation

Example Observation Reactants Formulas Products Formulas

2

Equation

Balanced
Equation

colourless
water
changed to
orange
potassium
dichromate
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
potassium
ions

dichromate
ions
K
+

Cr
2
O
7
2-
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
(s) ---> K
+
(aq) + Cr
2
O
7
2-
(aq)
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
(s) ---> 2K
+
(aq) + Cr
2
O
7
2-
(aq)
bubbling
(effervasce
nt);
evolution of
gas
magnesium

hydrochloric
acid
Mg

HCl
Hydrogen
gas and
magnesium
chloride
H
2

MgCl
2
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) -----> H
2
(g) + MgCl
2
(aq)
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -----> H
2
(g) + MgCl
2
(aq)

Example Observation Reactants Formulas Products Formulas

3

Equation

Balanced
Equation

Example Observation Reactants Formulas Products Formulas

4

Equation

Balanced
Equation

KeyQuestions
1. Determinethesumofthechargesoneachsideofthebalancedequationsshown
below.
2. Whatgeneralstatementcanbemadeaboutthesumofchargesofbothsidesofan
equation?

Ag
+
(aq)+Cl

(aq)AgCl(s) Zn(s)+Cu
2+
(aq)Zn
2+
(aq)+Cu(s)
Sumofreactantcharges:
Sumofproductcharges:
Sumofreactantcharges:
Sumofproductcharges:
3ClO

(aq)2Cl

(aq)+ClO
3

(aq) 2Cr
2+
(aq)+Mg
2+
(aq)2Cr
3+
(aq)+Mg(s)
Sumofreactantcharges:
Sumofproductcharges:
Sumofreactantcharges:
Sumofproductcharges:

yellow
precipitate
lead nitrate

potassium
iodide
Pb(NO
3
)
2

KI
lead
iodide(S)

potassium
nitrate(aq)
PbI
2

KNO
3
Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + KI(aq) -------> PbI
2
(s) + KNO
3
(aq)
Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + 2KI(aq) -------> PbI
2
(s) + 2KNO
3
(aq)
brown gas
given off at
the water
surface
nitrogen
monoxide(
g) and
water and
air
NO

O
2
0
0
2+
2+
3-
3-
See answers page - following
4+
4+
Chemical reactions must be balanced in terms of
the charges and in terms of the reactants and
products.

2.Identifytheprecipitateinthefollowingprecipitationreactions.Writethenetionic
equationforeachreaction.

1 Mixingaqueoussolutionsoflead(II)nitrateandpotassiumchromateproducesa
yellowsolid
2 Mixingaqueoussolutionsoflead(II)nitrateandammoniumsulfideproducesablack
solid
3 Mixingaqueoussolutionsofiron(III)chlorideandsodiumhydroxideproducesan
orangesolid
4 Mixingaqueoussolutionsofsilvernitrateandpotassiumdichromateproducesared
solid

Information:SolubilityRules

1. Alkalimetal(Group1:Li
+
,Na
+
,etc.)andammonium(NH
4
+
)saltsaresoluble.
2. Nitrate(NO
3

),acetate(CH
3
COO

)andperchlorate(CO
4

)saltsaresoluble.
3. Silver,leadandmercury(I)saltsareinsoluble.
4. Chloride,bromideandiodidesaltsaresoluble.
5. Carbonate,sulfide,phosphate,oxideandhydroxidesaltsareinsoluble.
6. Sulfatesaltsaresolubleexceptcalciumandbariumsulfates.

Theserulesmustbeappliedintheordergiven.Thatis,rule1takesprecedenceoverrule2;
rules1and2overrule3;andsoon.Forexample,considersilverchlorideandsilvernitrate.
Silverchlorideisinsolubleasrule3(insolublesilversalts)takesprecedenceoverrule4
(solublechlorides).Conversely,silvernitrateissolubleasrule2(solublenitrates)precedes
rule3.Alsonote:theserulesaregeneralizationsonlyandrefertosaltsolubilitiesinwater
atroomtemperature;insolublemeanssparinglysoluble,say<1g/L.

Example Ionsinsolution
beforemixing
Possible
products
Solidproduct Spectatorions
1

Netionic
equation

Example Ionsinsolution
beforemixing
Possible
products
Solidproduct Spectatorions
2

Netionic
equation

Example Ionsinsolution
beforemixing
Possible
products
Solidproduct Spectatorions
3

Netionic
equation

Example Ionsinsolution
beforemixing
Possible
products
Solidproduct Spectatorions
4

Netionic
equation