GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY

Democracy
Government by the people based on voting
Invented in Athens
Direct: Vote for the laws
Limited: Only male citizens
Republic
Representative form of government
People vote for representatives to make laws
Indirect form of democracy
Invented by the Romans
Feudalism
A system in which land is exchanged for loyalty
Agricultural Society protected by Military Class
Little Social Mobility
In Japan, power was centralized under the shogun
In Europe, power was decentralized






Monarchy









Can be absolute or limited (constitutional)

Absolute Rulers
Divine Right Monarchs
Philip II
Louis XIV

Tolerant Muslim Monarchs
Suleiman the Magnificent
Akbar the Great

Modernizer & Westernizer
Peter the Great
Limited/Constitutional Monarchy
Developed in England

Monarchs power limited by:
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
Parliament

Had a Glorious Revolution in which they
peacefully replaced their king and queen
established during the
TURNING POINTS
Neolithic Revolution
Before:
Paleolithic Era
Man was nomadic hunter-gatherer

Neolithic Revolution:
Around 10,000 BC
Man learns to farm & domesticate animals

After:
Neolithic Era
Man is settled farmer

Significance: allows for development of 1
st
civilizations
Crusades
Context:
Europe was in the Middle Ages
Muslims captured Jerusalem in the Middle East
Pope calls for people to retake Jerusalem

Crusades:
Thousands of people travel to Jerusalem
They are ultimately unsuccessful

Significance:
Europe begins to trade with Middle East
Spread of Plague (NOT RIGHT AWAY!)
Renaissance
Protestant Revolution
Context:
Sale of Indulgences

Protestant Revolution:
Martin Luther posts 95 Theses
Breaks away from Catholic Church
Beginning of Protestantism

Significance:
Ends religious unity in Europe

Columbus Discovers America
Context:
Age of Exploration
Looking for new trade routes

Discovery:
Thinks hes reached India

Significance:
Columbian Exchange
Mercantilism
Triangle Trade