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POE Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection Page 1


Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection
Introduction
Engineers must look for better ways to build structures. Less material typically
means that structures will be lighter and less expensive. Knowing the moment of
inertia for different shapes is an important consideration for engineers as they strive
to make designs lighter and less expensive.
Equipment
1- 2x4 (preferably straight, free of knots and imperfections)
Dial calipers or a ruler with 1/32 divisions
2 - 1 foot lengths of 2x4 for use as supports
Tape measure
Permanent marker
Floor scale
Cinder block (Concrete Masonry Unit)
Procedure
You will determine the weight of one of your classmates using nothing more than a
standard 2x4 and a measuring device. This activity will provide you with a better
understanding of Moment of Inertia and how it can be used to determine the strength
of beams.

Preliminary lab calculations to determine beam Modulus of Elasticity

1. Calculate beam Moment of Inertia

3
xx
bh
I
12

B width of the beam (in.)

h height of the beam (in.)

I Moment of Inertia (in.
4
)



Vertical Orientation Horizontal Orientation
I =1.5x3.5^3/12=5.359375 I =3.5x1.5^3/12=0.984375

Position the beam as shown below.
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POE Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection Page 2



2. Measure the span between the supports. Record your measurement below.

Total Span (L) = _____78_____in.

3. Measure the distance between the floor and the bottom of the beam.

Pre-Loading Distance (D
PL
) = _____4.25_____in.

4. Position a volunteer (V
1
) to stand carefully on the middle of the beam. Have a
person on either side of the beam to help support the volunteer. Measure the
distance between the floor and the bottom of the beam.


Applied Load Distance (D
AL
) = _____2.75______in.

5. Calculate the maximum beam deflection (

MAX
).

MAX
= D
PL
- D
AL





MAX
= _____1.5_____ in.

6. Determine the weight of volunteer (V
1
) using the classroom floor scale.

Volunteer weight (F) ______165______ lb




7. Calculate your beams Modulus of Elasticity (it is important to know that each
beam will have its own specific Modulus of Elasticity) by rearranging the equation
for beam maximum deflection to isolate (E). Show all work.
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POE Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection Page 3

Rearrange the equation
3
MAX
FL
=
48EI

to solve in terms of E

(165x78^3)/(48x.984375xE)=1.5

Substitute known
values




Simplify





Solve


1104777.143psi
Note: An objects Modulus of Elasticity is a material-based property and stays the
same regardless of orientation.

Calculate volunteer (V
2
) weight

8. Position the beam as shown below.


9. Measure the span between the supports. Record your measurement below.

Total Span (L) = ____78______in.

10. Measure the distance between the floor and the bottom of the beam.

Pre-Loading Distance (D
PL
) = _____4.25_____in.

11. Position a second volunteer (V
2
) to stand carefully in the middle of the beam.
Have a person on either side of the beam to help support the volunteer. Measure
the distance between the floor and the bottom of the beam.
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POE Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection Page 4



Applied Load Distance (D
AL
) = _____2.5______in.

12. Calculate the maximum beam deflection (

MAX
).

MAX
= D
PL
- D
AL





MAX
= _____1.75_____ in.

13. Calculate volunteer (V
2
) weight by rearranging the equation for maximum
deflection to isolate (F). Show all work.
Rearrange the equation
3
MAX
FL
=
48EI

to solve in terms of F

(130x78^3)/(48x.984375xE)=1.75

Substitute known
values




Simplify





Solve


746083.265psi







Determining Beam Deflection

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Inc.
POE Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection Page 5

14. Using the information you collected and calculated in steps 1 14, calculate the
max deflection of the beam if volunteer (V
2
) is positioned to stand on the beam in
a vertical orientation.


3
MAX
FL
=
48EI


(130x78^3)/(48x5.359375xE)=0.5
Substitute known
values



Simplify




Solve



479624.956psi

15. Verify your calculated max deflection answer and work to your instructor by
having volunteer (V
2
) carefully stand in the middle of the beam. Place a person
on either side of the beam to help support the volunteer. Measure the distance
between the floor and the bottom of the beam.
Calculated deflection: ______0.5_______
Measured deflection: ______0.5_______
Instructor signature: ___________________________ Date: ________




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Inc.
POE Activity 2.1.2 Beam Deflection Page 6

Practice Problem

16. Complete the chart below by calculating the cross-sectional area, Moment of
Inertia, and beam deflection, given a load of 250 lbf, a Modulus of Elasticity of
1,510,000 psi, and a span of 12 ft. Show all work in your engineering notebook.

Beam A B C D E F
Common
Name
2x6 2x6 2x8 2x8 2x10 2x10
Actual
Dimensions
(in.)
1.5 x 5.5 1.5 x 5.5 1.5 x 7.25 1.5 x 7.25 1.5 x 9.25 1.5 x 9.25
Vertical or
Horizontal
Orientation









Cross-
Sectional
Area (in.
2
)
8.25 8.25 10.875 10.875 13.875 13.875
Moment of
Inertia
(in.
4
)
20.797 1.547 47.635 2.039 98.932 2.602
Beam
Deflection
(in.)
0.000286 0.003786 0.000125 0.002923 0.000060 0.002290

Conclusion
1. Using Excel, create a Deflection vs. Moment of Inertia graph. What is the
relationship between moment of inertia and beam deflection?




2. How could you increase the Moment of Inertia (I) of a beam without increasing its
cross-sectional area?