PRESENT SIMPLE

THE PRESENT SIMPLE A TIMER IS USED TO DESCRIBE HABITUAL

ACTIONS THAT OCCUR WITH SOME FREQUENCY AND MAKES NO
REFERENCE TO WHETHER IT IS HAPPENING IN THE PRESENT.
AUXILIARY DO/DOES

AFIRMATIVO
I LIKE APPLE (ME GUSTA LA MANZANA)
YOU LIKE APPLE
HE/SHE/(IT) LIKES APPLE
WE LIKE APPLE
THEY LIKE APPLE
NEGATIVO
I DON'T LIKE APPLE (NO ME GUSTA LA MANZANA)
YOU DON'T LIKE APPLE
HE/SHE/(IT) DOESN'T LIKE APPLE
WE DON'T LIKE APPLE
THEY DON'T LIKE APPLE
INTERROGATIVO
DOES HE/SHE/(IT) LIKE APPLE?
DO WE LIKE APPLE?
DO THEY LIKE APPLE?


PRESENTE PROGRESIVE
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE IS USED
TO EXPRESS ACTIONS HAPPENING AT THE SAME TIME YOU ARE
TALKING.



AFIRMATIVO: SUJETO+AM/IS/ARE+VERBO-ING+COMPLEMENTO
YOU ARE WATCHING TV

NEGATIVO: SUJETO+AM/IS/ARE+NOT+VERBO-ING+COMPLEMEN
YOU ARE NOT WATCHING TV

INTERROGATIVO: AM/IS/ARE+SUJETO+VERBO-ING+COMPLEMENTO+?
ARE YOU WATCHING TV







PRESENT PERFECT
IS ONE TIME USED TO EXPRESS ACTIONS THAT WERE BEGINNING
SOMETIME IN THE PAST BUT STILL ONGOING.


SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO














PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PERFECT
USOS DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO
ACTIVIDADES QUE COMENZARON EN EL PASADO Y CONTINAN EN EL
PRESENTE Y RESALTAN LA DURACIN DEL PROCESO.
MONICA AND HER HUSBAND HAVE BEEN LIVING IN BARCELONA FOR TEN
YEARS.
MNICA Y SU ESPOSO LLEVAN VIVIENDO EN BARCELONA DIEZ AOS.


SUBJECT + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + 1 >
"ING"
1 2 3
GO WENT GONE


AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I HAVE BEEN GOING I HAVEN'T BEEN GOING HAVE I BEEN GOING ?
YOU HAVE BEEN GOING
YOU HAVEN'T BEEN
GOING
HAVE YOU BEEN GOING ?
HE HAS BEEN GOING HE HASN'T BEEN GOING HAS HE BEEN GOING ?
SHE HAS BEEN GOING SHE HASN'T BEEN GOING HAS SHE BEEN GOING ?
IT HAS BEEN GOING IT HASN'T BEEN GOING HAS IT BEEN GOING ?
WE HAVE BEEN GOING WE HAVEN'T BEEN GOING HAVE WE BEEN GOING ?
YOU HAVE BEEN GOING
YOU HAVEN'T BEEN
GOING
HAVE YOU BEEN GOING ?
THEY HAVE BEEN
GOING
THEY HAVEN'T BEEN
GOING
HAVE THEY BEEN GOING
?







AFFIRMATIVE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + 1 > "ING"
I HAVE BEEN GOING TO NEW YORK - HE ESTADO YENDO A NEW YORK
HE HAS BEEN GOING TO NEW YORK - EL HA ESTADO YENDO A NEW YORK
NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + HAVEN'T / HASN'T + BEEN + 1 >
"ING"
I HAVEN'T BEEN GOING TO NEW YORK - NO HE ESTADO YENDO A NEW YORK
HE HASN'T BEEN GOING TO NEW YORK - EL NO HA ESTADO YENDO A NEW
YORK
INTERROGATIVE HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + BEEN + 1 > "ING" ?
HAVE I BEEN GOING TO NEW YORK? - HE ESTADO YENDO A NEW YORK ?
HAS HE BEEN GOING TO NEW YORK? - HA ESTADO L YENDO A NEW YORK?















PAST SIMPLE


"SHE CLEANED HER HOUSE

IS A TIME USED TO DESCRIBE ACTIONS THAT HAVE HAPPENED AT AN
EARLIER TIME AND HAVE ALREADY COMPLETED
SUJETO + VERBO CON TERMINACIN -ED
CONJUGACIN SIGNIFICADO
I WORKED YO TRABAJ
YOU WORKED T TRABAJASTE
HE WORKED L TRABAJ
WE WORKED NOSOTROS TRABAJAMOS
YOU WORKED VOSOTROS TRABAJASTEIS
THEY WORKED ELLOS TRABAJARON

NEGATIVE
SUJETO + DID + VERBO EN INFINITIVO
I DID NOT SING
YO NO CANT
HE DID NOT SING
L NO CANT
INTERROGATIVE
DID + SUJETO + VERBO TO BE CONJUGADO?
CONJ UGACIN SIGNIFICADO
DID I SING? CANT?
DID YOU SING? CANTASTE?
DID HE SING? CANT?
DID WE SING? CANTAMOS?
DID YOU SING? CANTASTEIS?
DID THEY SING? CANTARON?


















PAST PROGRESSIVE


1 HE WAS PLAYING FOOTBALL.

ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
PRONOMBRE /SUJETO + WAS/WERE + VERBO ING +
COMPLEMENTO + TIME EXPRESSION
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
PRONOMBRE / SUJETO + WASNT/WERENT + VERBO-ING +
COMPLEMENTO + TIME EXPRESSION
ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS
WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + VERBO-ING + COMPLEMENTO
+ TIME EXPRESSION + ?












PAST PERFECT





IS A TIME USED TO REFER TO AN ACTION THAT TOOK PLACE IN A TIME
BEFORE ANOTHER ACTION, ALTHOUGH BOTH HAVE HAPPENED IN THE
PAST BY ESTABLISHING AN ORDER AMONG THEM
AFIRMATIVA
I HAD BOUGHT A NEW CAR.

INTERROGATIVE
HAD I BOUGHT A NEW CAR?

NEGATIVE
I HAD NOT BOUGHT A NEW DRESS.











PAST PROGRESIVE PERFECT

SUJETO AUXILIARES GERUNDIO
I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY HAD BEEN
STUDYING, WORKING,
TRAVELING.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES (FRASES AFIRMATIVAS)
ESTRUCTURASUJETO + "HAD" + "BEEN" + GERUNDIO...

NEGATIVE SENTENCES (FRASES NEGATIVAS)
ESTRUCTURASUJETO + "HAD" + "NOT" + "BEEN" + GERUNDIO

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (FRASES INTERROGATIVAS)
"HAD" + SUJETO + "BEEN" + GERUNDIO...?

CORRESPONDS TO THE SPANISH PLUPERFECT WHICH USES THE
INDICATIVE OF THE VERB "TO BE" AND THE GERUND. IN GENERAL, WE
USE IT FOR IN-PROGRESS ACTIONS IN THE PAST BEFORE ANOTHER
ACTION IN THE PAST.















PAST CONTINUOS

IS A TIME VERB TENSE DESCRIBES ACTIONS THAT WERE BEING MADE AT
A TIME FROM THE PAST TO WHICH REFERENCE IS MADE AND THEN
CONTINUED

AFFIRMATIVE
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + VERB
NEGATIVE
SUJETO + VERBO AUXILIAR ("TO BE") + "NOT" + GERUNDIO
INTERROGATIVE
VERBO AUXILIAR ("TO BE") + SUJETO + GERUNDIO?

SUJETO AUXILIAR (TO BE) GERUNDIO
I, HE, SHE, IT WAS
TALKING,
EATING,
LEARNING,
DOING,
GOING...
YOU, WE, THEY WERE
TALKING,
EATING,
LEARNING,
DOING,
GOING...









FUTURE SIMPLE


AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES (FRASES AFIRMATIVAS)
ESTRUCTURASUJETO + "WILL" + VERBO PRINCIPAL.


NEGATIVE SENTENCES (FRASES NEGATIVAS)
ESTRUCTURASUJETO + "WILL" + "NOT" + VERBO PRINCIPAL.


INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (FRASES INTERROGATIVAS)
ESTRUCTURA"WILL" + SUJETO + VERBO PRINCIPAL
.

IS A TIME USED TO DESCRIBE ACTIONS TO BE DEVELOPED IN THE FUTURE WITHOUT
THE NEED TO CLARIFY AT WHAT POINT WILL OCCUR













FUTURE PROGRESIVE

AN ACTION WILL BE IN PROGRESS AT A CERTAIN TIME IN THE FUTURE. THIS ACTION
HAS BEGUN BEFORE THE CERTAIN TIME.

will + be + infinitive + ing
Examples
1) When I come to school, the other kids will be waiting for me.
2) We'll be going to the disco on Saturday.

INDICATES CONTINUING ACTION, SOMETHING THAT WILL BE HAPPENING, GOING ON, AT
SOME POINT IN THE FUTURE. THIS TENSE IS FORMED WITH THE MODAL "WILL" PLUS
"BE," PLUS THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE OF THE VERB (WITH AN -ING ENDING): "I WILL BE
RUNNING IN NEXT YEAR'S BOSTON MARATHON.















FUTURE PROGRESIVE PERFECT

INDICATES A CONTINUOUS ACTION THAT WILL BE COMPLETED AT SOME
POINT IN THE FUTURE. THIS TENSE IS FORMED WITH THE MODAL "WILL"
PLUS THE MODAL "HAVE" PLUS "BEEN" PLUS THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
OF THE VERB