BSS Mud School

Surface Solutions
2 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Engineered Waste
Management Solutions
Customized to Maximize
Drilling Effectiveness

Baroid Surface Solutions Value Proposition

Definition:
Methods of treating drilling waste streams, thereby enabling
operators to:
Recover and recycle fluids
Dispose of solids safely
Comply with environmental regulations

Elements of a solution typically involve:
Handling technologies - moving and storing waste streams
Separation technologies - separating solids from liquids
Treatment technologies - processing waste streams to meet safe
disposal requirements
3
Surface Solutions
BSS Support: Surface Solutions (continued)

High-volume centrifuges remove fine particles from drilling muds.
High-flow filtration units help reclaim completion fluids.
Honey Comb Bottom tanks are a cost-effective alternative to
the skip-and-ship operations used on most rigs.
TCC (thermo mechanical cuttings cleaner) technology uses far
less energy than the aging industry standard, TDU (thermal
desorption unit).
Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) units lift small particulates and oil to
the surface of a tank where they can be skimmed from the surface.

The Full-Circle Cuttings Injection Process reduces drilled cuttings
to an engineered slurry, then injects them back into a disposal
domain for geological periods of time.

Cuttings Dryers allows us to reduce the total waste stream
volumes, lowering disposal and transportation costs.

4
Waste Minimization & Reuse Waste Handling & Transfer Waste Treatment & Disposal
Conventional SCE Equipment
Shale Shakers
Centrifuges
Standard Transfer Systems
Screw Conveyors
Gravity Transfer
Thermal Treatment
Thermal Desorption
Incineration

Rig Audits Vacuum Transfer Systems
SupaVAC
Injection
Full Circle Cuttings Re-Injection Process
Cuttings Drying Equipment
Vertical & Horizontal Dryers (V-71 & V-133)
Vacuum Dryers (RVD)
Drying Shakers
Skip & Ship
Cuttings Skips
Cuttings Trucks
Fixation
Stabilization and Disposal
Use for Construction Purposes

Liquid Mud Plant
Swift Plants
Bulk Transfer
HCB tanks
Cuttings Containers
Bioremediation
Composting
Landfarming
Bioreactors
Full suite Derrick Equipment
and screens
Dedicated Liquid Trucks Landfill disposal
Filtration. Dedicated Cuttings Trucks
and CTT
Mud and Liquid Treatment
Enviro-Floc System
Slop Water Treatment

Drilling Waste Management
What is Drilling Waste Management?
A strategy of minimizing environmental
liability for the customer using the
best, available technology in the most efficient and
cost-effective manner.
Drilling Waste Types
OBM Cuttings WBM Cuttings Waste Brines Waste WBM Waste OBM Produced & Oily Water
High Oil Content
Emulsified
Solid Laden (LGS)
Internal phase
Organic additives
Biodegradability
Issues
Hydrocarbons Mobility

Oil Content >10%
Solids Degradation
over time
Solids nature (Salt,
Rock)
Organic additives
Biodegradability
Issues
Hydrocarbons mobility

Solid Laden (LGS)
High water content
Internal phase
Organic additives
Volumes

Solids Degradation
over time
Solids Nature (Salt ,
Rock)
High water content
Internal phase
Organic additives
Volumes

Solids contamination
Oil Content
Internal phase
Polymer contamination
Scaling Issue
Gas contamination

Solid contamination
Oil Content
Internal phase
Scaling issue
Inconsistent
Volumes
Gas contamination

Waste Management Hierarchy

1. Reduction at source
Example-riser-less and slim-hole drilling

2. Recycling-
Example-cuttings dryers recover fluids

3.Treatment-
Example-Thermal Desorption

4. Disposal-
Example-cuttings re-injection
Role of Solids Control & Waste Management
Increased penetration
rates (ROPs)
Reduced mud costs
Less dilution
Lower probability and
severity of differential
sticking
Lower ECD
Reduced torque and
drag
Lower pump maintenance
costs
Better cementing jobs
Less pressure loss in system
Better control over fluid
properties
Reduced formation damage
Reduced disposal costs
Importance of Solids Control
A 20 micron drilled
solid surface area =
2400 sq. microns
The same solid cut
in half on each face
4800 sq. microns
Another 1/4 cut on
each face.
The original 20 micron
solid reduced and
sized 2 micron
particles. Surface area
24,000 sq. microns.
DRILLED SOLIDS DEGRADATION

An idealistic
representation of
the gradual
reduction in size
of a re-cycled
drilled solid by
mechanical
forces.
If we can remove
this . . . . . . .>
We can avoid this . . . .
Confidential Internal Halliburton Use Only. 2004 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.
Basic Economics - 80% SRE (Solids Removal Efficiency)
1000 of 12 hole - 145 bbls drill solids
If the solids removal efficiency is 80% - 29 bbls of
solids remain in the system. (0.2 x 145 = 29)
To maintain 5% drilled solids requires 580 bbls of
dilution. (29 / 0.5 = 580)
Less 145 bbls mud to fill the hole you just created =
435 bbls additional new volume (dilution) required.

Basic Economics - 90% SRE (Solids Removal Efficiency)
1000 of 12 hole = 145 bbls drill solids
145 bbls x (1-.90) = 14.5 bbls solids remaining
14.5/.05 = 290 bbls new mud
290 less 145 bbls to maintain volume = 145 bbls
additional dilution volume
145/435 = 1/3 the additional dilution volume required to
maintain LGS 5% with a 10% improvement in separation
efficiency.
In other words: A small improvement in solids removal efficiency
(SRE) has a large impact upon dilution rates & mud costs.
Separation by Size
Shale Shakers, Screens, Gumbo Removal
Gumbo Removal - Scalping
A Sticky Situation . . .
Flo-Line
Primer
Gumbo Chain
Gumbo bars,
boxes,
Divert
overboard
Flo Line Primer
1
7
Shale Shaker
Screen
Frame
Screens
Screen Tensioners Shock Mounts
Vibrator Motors
Header Box/ Back Tank
or Possum Belly
Catch Pan
Inclination Control
Flo-Divider
2
2
Screen Selection
Screen Selection is a
compromise between:
Solids Removal
Circulating Rate
Dryness of Discharge

Types of Screens
Pyramid Screen Conventional (Flat) Screen
Solids Form Continuous Bed
Impeding Fluid Throughput
Vibration Forces Solids
Into Troughs
3 Dimensional Screens
Increases Screening
Capacity

Screen Finer Faster

Provides Drier Cuttings

Reduced Mud & Disposal
Costs

Pyramid Screen
Pyramid Plus Screen
Screens are a filter
Back Plate

Coarse Backing Mesh

Fine Intermediate Mesh

Fine Top Mesh

Modern screens are considered
to be sandwich screens. They
have many layers as per this
example.
Operating Guidelines
Do:
Run finest mesh possible while covering 75% of screen
area.
Run screen frame as level as possible to reduce screen
wear
Ensure screens are properly mounted on a clean screen
frame.

Do Not:
Mix screen mesh on the same shaker
Bypass the shaker to change screens
Use spray bars to wash solids through the screen
Degassers
Nobody wants gas . . .
Do not provide a vacuum
Limited surface area for
mud dispersion
Ineffective on high
density/viscosity fluids
Provide very thin film
Low power requirements
Low Cost
Atmospheric
Effective on all muds
Large surface area for
dispersion
Vacuum provided by
external pump (eductor).
Requires more space than
atmospheric.
Requires more power than
atmospheric
Vacuum
Principles of Degassing
Bring gas bubble to
the surface
Increase the size of
the bubble via
vacuum
Spread mud as a
thin film (expose
bubble to air)
Vent gas to safe
area

Centrifugal pumps
stop working
Reduces mud weight
Reduces hydrostatic
head in well bore
Solids control
equipment operates
less efficiently
Hazardous in high
concentrations
Problems
Doing more with less. . .
Hydrocyclones
Desander
Desilter
Con
1. Cone Body
2. Beach Point
3. Apex valve
4. Vortex Finder
5. Apex Nut (adjustment)

3
4
5
Hydro-cyclones & Mud Cleaners
Mud Cleaners
3 x 10 Cones
16 x 4 Cones
1 - 3-panel screen frame
Centrifuges
Centrifuges
BSS has at least a
dozen different
types and sizes of
centrifuges in our
fleet
Operating Principles of
a Decanting Centrifuge
Centrifuge Video
Feed inlet
Main Drive
Motor
Back Drive
Motor
Bowl
Conveyor
Gearbox
Torque
Limiter
Components
Pumps, Valves and Piping
Proper Installation & Piping
Degasser Vessel
20' max
Main Shakers
Desander
Desilter
Centrifugal Pump
Progressive Cavity Pump
(PCP)
Diaphragm Pump
Screen Video
Pumps
Application Centrifugal PCP or Lobed Diaphragm
D-gasser
D-sander
D-silter
Mud Cleaner
Low Speed Centrifuge
High Speed Centrifuge
Barite Recovery
Mixing/Transfer/Charge
Slurry transfer/Skimming

Active System

Reserve Pits
Suction Pit
Return Pit
Rig Pumps
Cuttings Dryers & Screw Conveyors
Cuttings Drying Two Trains of Thought
Drying Shaker
Vibrating Screen
7.3 Gs
8% - 12% Typical Oil on Cuttings
Vertical Cuttings dryer
Spinning screen basket with scroll
300 Gs
1.0 4.5% typical Oil on Cuttings
Cuttings Dryer Installation - Horizontal

Dry Cuttings Overboard
SCREW CONVEYOR
Progressive Cavity Cuttings Pump
Clean mud to Active Centrifuge Feed Pump
FHD Centrifuge

Before & After 12.25 hole - GOM
12.9% Oil on Cuttings 3.3% Oil on Cuttings
Oklahoma - Land
Old School What not to do..
Clean Location
Augers Screw Conveyors
Auger System
NEVER operate augers without a
protective guard / cover or
Emergency Stop controls in place.
66
Do not Walk on
Equipment

Do not Sit on
Equipment

LOTO equipment
prior to performing
all Maintenance
and or removing
cover or grating.

Preform
inspections to
insure all controls
are labeled and
working properly
What Not to do. Stop Work
Examples of Proper Install
Inside these covers
is the grating open
over the auger??
DEWATERING What is it?
Dewatering Applications
When does it make sense?
1. Solids control process for colloidal - ultra-fines
removal = Lower drilling fluid costs
2. Recover and recycle liquid phase of a suspension
3. Pit-less location, no pit construction allowed
4. Clear water drilling Lets you drill faster!
5. Zero discharge locations
What do we want to do?
Improve solid-liquid separation of a waste water-based
drilling mud through a centrifuge

ENVIRO-FLOC
Dewatering System
Halliburton Standard Floc Unit
Coagulation
Reduction in repulsive potential between the electrical double layer that exists between
turbidity particles. De-stabilization of suspension so the particles no longer repel each
other.

Dewatering Process
Flocculation
Physical linkage between particles brought about by a high molecular weight
polymer to create a random three-dimensional structure called a floc.
Conditioning
Remove as many solids
as possible mechanically
through screening,
centrifugation, etc.

Take mud from the
reserve pit or after the last
solids control device
Coagulation
Dilute with water
Reduce solids
concentration
Destabilize
suspension
Acidification
Neutralize system pH
Pin Flocs formation
Coagulant addition
Pin-flocs definition
Flocculation

Coagulated particles
are aggregated with a
polymer chain to form
a heavier and larger
solid.

These Flocs are
now large enough to
be easily centrifuged
out of the water
Destination of Clarified Water
Centrifuge returns clarified
water to a holding tank for:

Make-up of new mud.
Dilution of active system
Transferred to the
wastewater storage and
treatment system
Recycled for washing
purposes rig
washing, etc.
Treated and disposed
of in an acceptable
manner.
Dewatering Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Return to
environment

Recycle

Disposal
M. Hurd
Mud Cleaner
Drying Shaker
Barite Recovery
Centrifuge
Dewatering Centrifuge
Dewatering Unit
Effluent
tank
Dodge
WYOMING
Separation Methods
Accelerated Sedimentation
Centrifugal Force
Filtration
Coarse Filtration
Gravity Settling
Hydrocyclones over a vibrating screen
Chemically Enhanced Centrifugation

Solids Removal By Mechanical Means
Equipment Name Typical Number
Gumbo Buster / Scalper 1 - optional
Shale Shaker 2-8
Sand Trap 1
Desander 2 x 10 cones
Desilter 16 x 4 cones
Mud Cleaner Usually 1
Centrifuge Usually 1
Sometimes 2
Floc Unit (Dewatering) Region Dependent
Separation Method
Coarse Filtration
Filtration
Gravity Settling
Accelerated Sedimentation by
centrifugal force
Hydrocyclones over
a vibrating screen
Accelerated
Sedimentation by
centrifugal force
Chemically Enhanced
Centrifugation
Accelerated Sedimentation by
centrifugal force
Questions?

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Surface Solutions

2 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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