www.sakshieducation.

com

Real Numbers
Main Points

1
n
a

n a=

a+b+c=0 a3+b3+c3= 3abc

n m a = mn a

x = a solution is x=a or x = a

x = 0 solution is x= 0

x < a solution is a< x < a

x a solution is a x a

x > a solution is x > a or x a

x a solution is x a or x a

xn - an
= n.an1
x a x- a
Lt

xm - am
mn
x a x n - a n = m/n .a
Lt

The limiting positon of secant of a circle is tangent.

4 Marks Questions

1.

If a= x + x 2 + 1 then show that x = 2 a a

Sol :

= x+

a x =

x2 + 1
x2 +1

squaring on both sides,

(ax)2

2
= x + 1

a2 2ax+x2 = x2+1

2ax = 1a2
2ax = a2 1

a 2 1
x= 2a
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1 a 2 1
x = 2 a

1 a2 1

x = 2 a a

1
1
1
a 3 + b 3 = C3

1
+b 3

3
1

c 3

+ 3. a1/3.b1/3 (a1/3+b1/3) =

1
a 3

2. If a1/3 + b1/3+ c1/3 =0 then show that (a+b+c)3 = 27abc

Sol : a1/3 + b1/3+ c1/3 = 0
a1/3 + b1/3 = c1/3 ................. (I)
C.O.B.S.

a+ b+3a1/3b1/3 (c1/3) = c
a+ b3a1/3b1/3 c1/3 = c
a+ b + c = 3a1/3b1/3 c1/3
C.O.B.S
(a+b+c)3 = 27 abc
1

If y = 3 3 + 3 3 then show that 3y3 9y = 10

3.

Sol : y = 3 3 + 3 3

y = 33 + 3

1
3

............ (I)

C.O.B.S

1
1
3
3
y = 3 + 3 3

1
3
y = 3 3

1 1 1
1

1
3
3
3
3
+ 3 + 3.3 .3 (3 + 3 3 )

1 1

y3 = 3 + 31 + 3 3 3 (y)

1
1
x = 2 a a

[ from(1) ]

1
y3 = 3 + + 3.(1)y
3
1
y3 = 3 + + 3y
3
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

y3 =

3y3

9 + 1 + 9y
3

9y =10
1

4.

If lmn =1 then show that 1 + l + m 1 + 1 + m+ n 1 + 1 + n + l 1

1
1
l1 =
mn
mn

Sol : lmn =1 d =

1
1
1
+
+
1
1
1+ l + m
1 + m+ n
1 + n + l 1

consider L.H.S.

1
1
1
+
+
= 1 + l + 1 1 + m + 1 1 + n + mn
mn m
n
1
1
1
+
+
mn + n n + mn + 1 1 + n + mn
mn
n
1
mn
n
mn + n + l
+
+
mn + 1 + n n + mn + 1 1 + n + mn = mn + l + n = 1/1 =1

5.

Sol :

x + a 2a

x a

Evaluate xLta
x + a - 2a

x -a

Lt
x a

a + a 2a
a a

2a 2a
a a

consider xLta

0
0 which is ideterminate form

x + a 2a
x + a + 2a

x a
x + a + 2a

( x + a ) ( 2a )
Lt
(x a )( x + a + 2a )
2

x a

Lt

x + a 2a

x a x

( x+a +

a)

2a

)
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Lt

=
=

x a

x a x a

Lt
x a

)(

x + a + 2a

1
x + a + 2a

1
a + a + 2a

1
2a + 2a

Solve 1 3 > 8

6.

1
= 2 2a

m
> 8 solution is 1 m/3 > 8 (or) 1m/3 < 8
3

m/3 < 81
m/3 < 9
m < 27
m > 27

m/3 > 81 (or)

m/3 >7
(or)
m>21
(or)
m < 21 (or)

Sol : x > a solution is x > a or x < a

2 Marks Questions

1. If ax= b, by=c, cz = a then show that abc = 1

Sol : ax = b, by = c, cz = a
consider ax= b
(cz)x = b
(czx) = b
(by)zx = b
(b)xyz = b1
Bases are equal, powers shared to equated
xyz = 1
2.

solve 5 x 1 0

Sol : 5 x 1 0 since modules of a real number is never negative

5x 1 = 0
x = 0 solution is x= 0

5 x 1 = 0 solution is 5x1 = 0
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

5x = 1
3.

x = 1/5

Evalute xLta

Sol :

1
x4

1
-a4

4
x a x

- a4

Lt

1
x4

1
a4

x4 a 4
1
x4

1
x4

1
a4

x4 a4
1
a4

consider xLta x4 a 4

= 0/0 which is Indeterminate form

= 4 .a 4
4

(4 )

15
16a 4

15
116
1
1 4
a
= 4 4 . a 4 =
16

4. Find the limit of the series 1 1/2 + 1/4 1/8 + .......

Sol :1-1/2 + 1/4 - 1/8 + .........
1
1
a
2
Here a = 1, r = t = 1 = 2 < 1 s = 1 r
1

t2

1
3 =
2

1
6

1
2 +1 =
2

1
1
S= 1 (r2 ) = 1 + 1
2

5. Solve 2x 5 = 7
Sol : 2x 5 = 7

x = a solution is x= a or x= a

2x 5 = 7 solution is 2x 5=7 (or) 2x-5 = 7

2x = 7+5 (or) 2x = 7+5

2x = 12 (or) 2x = 2
x = 6 (or) x = 1

6.

(1 + x) 4 1

Evalute xLt0 (1 + x)3 1

(1 + x) 4 1
(1 + 0) 4 1
Lt
Sol : x 0 (1 + x)3 1 = (1 + 0)3 1 = 0/0 which is indeterminate form
Lt

(1 + x) 4 1

x 0 (1
+ x) 3

1 Hence put 1+x = t, as x 0

t 1
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

t4 1
t 4 14
Lt
= t 1 3 3
1 t 3 1
t 1

Lt
t

4 43
= 3 .(1)
4

x m a m m m n
= .a
a x
n an
n

Lt
x

= 3 .(1) = 3
1 Marks Questions

If a2 = 0.04 then find a3

1.

Sol : a2 =0.04
4

a2 = 0.04 = 100
2

10

a2 =

C.O.B.S.
2

10

a3 =

2 3
103

a3 =

a = 10

a3 = 1000

a3 = 0.008
p

2.

2
3
If x = x2 then find p

p

Sol :

2
x3
2
=x

2P
x 3 = x2

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Bases are equal, powers to be equated

2p

3 =2
2p = 2.3 p = 3
3.

If

Sol :

1
x2

1
x2

3
x2

= 0.2 then find

1

2
10

= 0.2 x 2 =
3

cubing on both sides

3

If

Lt
x

Sol : xLt2

X2 4
22 4
= 2 2 = 0/0 which is indeterminate form.
2
X

X2 4
Lt
=
x 2 X
2

X 2 22
2 X 2

Lt

(X + 2) (X 2)
X2

= xLt2 X + 2

= xLt2

4.

X2 4
2 X
2

1
2
X 2 = 10

8
x 3/2 = 1000 x 3/2 = 0.008

2+2 = 4

5.

1
1
4
simplify x + y 4

1 1
1
1
a
4
4
x y .y + y 2

Sol : (a+b) (a2 ab+ b2) = a3 + b3

1
1
4
x + y4

1 1
1
1
a
4
4
x y .y + y 2

1
1
4
X + Y4
=

2
1 2
1 1
1
x 4 x 4 .y 4 + y 4

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com
3

1
1
4
4

= x + y

3
x4

3
y4

Fill in the Blanks

(64)2/3 = ..........................
1 1 4
a3 a 4

2.

The value of

3.

(0.001)1/3 = .........................

4.

= ..........................

2
a3

x = -7 solution .............................

1.

5.

modulas of a real number is never ..................

6.

Is the limit of a function approaches to Zero then the function is called ....................

Lt

1
(1 + x) 2

8.

9.

x a pa
Lt
x p x p = .............................

= .............................

x 3 27
3 x 3 = .............................

Lt
x

10.

3x 1
2x
+ 7 = .............................

Lt

7.

1) 1/16
2) a2
7) 3/2 8) 1/n

Answers
3) 0.1
9) a.p a1

4) doesnot exists
10) 27

Multiple choice Questions

1.

2.

161.25 = ................
a) 32 b) 64 c) 16
3

d) 5/4

x + 3 y + 3 z = 0 then x+y+z = ...................

a) 3myz

b) 9xyz

c) 27xyz

d) (3xyz) 1/3

www.sakshieducation.com

5) negative 6) infinitesinal

www.sakshieducation.com

2 x = 16 then x= ....................

3.

a) 8
4.

b) 4 c) 2

d) 10

3x = 81 then x = ....................

a) 16

b) 8 c) 4

d) 2

If 5 x+3 = 5 x+3 then x = ...................

a) 0
b) 1 c) 3 d) 3

6.

If x + 1 < 6 then solution set is .................

7.

a) { x/7 <x<5}
c) {x/7 x 5}
x a solution is ......................

5.

b) { x/7< x 5}
d) { x/7 < x 5}

(1 + x) n 1
= ............................
0
x

Lt
x

8.

b) a x a
d) x > a or x < a

a) a x a
c) a x a

a) n

c) n

d) n2

xm am
Lt n
x a x
a n = ............................

9.

b) 1/n

a) m/n .amn

b) m/n. am+n

c) n/m. am-n

d) n/m. am+n

x 3 27
10. Lt
= ............................
x 3 x 3

a) 3

11.

Lt

(1 + x) 4 1

x 0 (1
(x) 3

a) 4/3
12.

b) 9

c) 27

d) 1

= ............................

b) 3/4

c) 4/3

d) 3/4

x 2 + 5n
= ............................
0 x

Lt
x

a) 0

b) 1

c) 5

d) 2

13. x =5 solution is ......................

a) 5

b) -5

c) 5 (or) -5
www.sakshieducation.com

d) doesn't exist

www.sakshieducation.com

14. If 2n 2n1 = 4 then xn = .......................

a) 1

b) 27

c) 3

d) 9

15. am/n = ...........................

am

a) an

b) am.an

c) (am)1/n

d) (an)m

Answers
4) a
12) a

5) d
13) d

6) a
14) b

7) a 8) a
15) c

3) a
11) c

2) d
10) c

1) a
9) a

www.sakshieducation.com