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October 7, 2003
Cycle 2
Group 1A
Frank Fadenholz
Jennifer Fadenholz
Christian Woods
Angel Taylor
Outline
• Objectives
• Background
• Experimental Strategy
• Results
• Error Analysis
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
• References
Objectives and Background
Objectives
• Operate shell and tube heat exchanger varying
steam flow
ST-V4
ST-V1
Emergency
Shutdown
Valve ST-V3
Emergency
Shutdown
ST-V2
Vavle
TV-04
FT-01
Should make Labels Larger
PRV-05
TT-04
TT-03
Condensate
E-01
PG-07
ST-V5
PG-06 FT-02
FV-02
• 5 Runs Total
• Varied Steam Valve (TV-04) Position
– 105% open
– 75% open
– 65% open
– 60% open
– 52% open
• Cooling water flow rate constant
Experimental Strategy
• Measured Variables
– Condensate flow
– Condensate temperature
– Cooling water flow
– Cooling water inlet temperature
– Cooling water outlet temperature
Heat Exchanger Calculations
Qin, SS
Tci Qin, TS Qout, TS Tco
Qout, SS
Tho
Results
Experimental Results
Overall Heat
Transfer
Heat Transfer Heat Transfer Coefficient
Steam Valve Rate (QTS) Rate (QSS) (Uo)
% Open (btu/hr) (btu/hr) (btu/lb*F*hr)
290000
240000
(btu/hr)
190000
140000
90000
75 125 175 225 275
Condensate Mass Out
(lb/hr)
Q-Shellside Q-Tubeside
Steam vs. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
300
250
Heat Transfer
(btu/lb*F*hr)
Coefficient
200
150
100
50
50 100 150 200 250 300
Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)
U inside U outside
Error Analysis
Propagation of Error
1
k y 2 2
y xi
i 1 xi
Variable Measurement Accuracy
• Flow rate of the steam +/- 5 lb/hr
• Flow rate of the cooling water +/- 50 lb/hr
• Temperature readings +/- 2 °F
• Largest sources of error
– Mass flow rate of the steam
– Mass flow rate of the cooling water
Calculated Error Values
340000
290000
(btu/hr)
240000
190000
140000
90000
75 125 175 225 275
Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)
Q-tubeside Q-shellside
Propagation of Error Heat Transfer
Coefficient
300
250
Heat Transfer
(btu/lb*F*hr)
Coefficient
200
150
100
50
50 100 150 200 250 300
Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)
U inside U outside
Conclusions
and
Recommendations
Conclusions
• Operation Recommendation
– Operate the shell and tube heat exchanger at
approximately 75% for sufficient heat transfer
and economic efficiency
• Experiment Recommendations
– Monitor pressure gauge (PG-07) at low steam
rates to prevent a vacuum
References
• API Heat Transfer. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Picture
www.apiheattransfer.com/en/Products/HeatExchangers/ShellAndTu
be/
• Georgia Tech. Propagation of Error.
www.swiki.che.gatech.edu/CHE4200. August 2002.
• Geankoplis, Christie J. Transport Processes and Unit Operations,
3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall Publishing, Inc. 1993.
• Heald, C. C. Cameron Hydraulic Data. Liberty Corner, NJ. Ingersoll-
Dresser Pump Co. 1998.
• Peters, Timmerhaus, West. Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers, 5th ed. New York, NY. McGaw-Hill Co. Inc.,
2003.