!"#$ &'() !

)*)+
,-".. /0 .12'31'
4"5$ "6728 /9: /;<=


>-"!"&?" -"@ &$>A&5

>&A@-$#B If tiisecteu, which piece of a planaiian will iegeneiate fiist.
CD>A5C$.?.B If tiisecteu, then the anteiioi will iegeneiate fiist.
5C$A&DB
Planaiia aie aquatic flatwoims that have the ability to iepiouuce sexually oi
asexually.
Buiing sexual iepiouuction two planaiians, each heimaphiouites, feitilize
the eggs of one anothei. This is the piefeiieu methou of iepiouuction because it
intiouuces gieatei gene uiveisity, which incieases the chance of suivival.
When habitat enviionments aie not uesiiable, planaiia may iepiouuce
asexually by using eithei tail uiopping oi fiagmentation. Buiing fiagmentation,
muscles just behinu the phaiynx constiict until the 2 paits sepaiate. Buiing tail
uiopping, a planaiian in stagnate watei will uiop theii tail in a piocess veiy similai
to fiagmentation. If the planaiian uses eithei two of these methous of asexual
iepiouuction the offspiing will be genetically iuentical oi a clone to the paient.
Bowevei, if the enviionment is uiffeient fiom the enviionment the paient liveu in,
the offspiing may exhibit uiffeient phenotypes fiom the paient although the
offspiing is genetically iuentical to the paient.
Regeneiation of the bouy paits lost uuiing eithei tail uiopping oi
fiagmentation is quite iapiu. Within 1S minutes of amputation totipotent stem cells
calleu neoblasts, which make up aiounu Su% of the planaiian's total cells, tiavel to
the enu of the wounu anu close ovei the laceiation cieating what is calleu a
blastema. Within about 1u uays the planaiian will be fully uevelopeu. I
hypothesizeu that if a planaiian was tiisecteu then the anteiioi woulu uevelop fiist,
this is because I thought the heau woulu take the longest to iegeneiate because it
contains a uense clustei of neives, oi ganglia, which seives as a biain.

Nadaf, Reza Friday, May 9, 2014 8:33:08 AM GOOD MORNING Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:e7:99
!"#$ &'() !)*)+
,-".. /0 .12'31'
4"5$ "6728 /9: /;<=




42
S8
u
S7
49
14
u
1u
2u
Su
4u
Su
6u
7u
8u
9u
1uu
Anteiioi Niu Section Posteiioi
>
'
7
1
'
3
E

F
+

G
2
7
H
E

&
'
I
'
3
'
7
)
E
'
*


/;<= >8)3)72) &'I'3'7)E2F3 4)E)
2nu Peiiou
7th uiaue
42
S8
u
S7
49
14
u
1u
2u
Su
4u
Su
6u
7u
8u
9u
1uu
Anteiioi Niu Section Posteiioi
>
'
7
1
'
3
E

F
+

G
2
7
H
E

&
'
I
'
3
'
7
)
E
'
*


/;<= >8)3)72) &'I'3'7)E2F3 4)E)
2nu Peiiou
7th uiaue
Nadaf, Reza Friday, May 9, 2014 8:33:08 AM GOOD MORNING Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:e7:99
!"#$ &'() !)*)+
,-".. /0 .12'31'
4"5$ "6728 /9: /;<=


/;<= >-"!"&?" &$J$!$&"5?A! 4"5"
>?$,$ G?&.5 5A &$J$!$&"5$

><
"
>K
#
><
>
>/
"
>/
#
>/
>
>L
"
>L
#
>L
>
>=
"
>=
#
>=
>
>KM
"
>M
#
>M
>
>N
"
>N
#
>N
>
J&AO>
< / < < < < / < <
/ / / < < < < / < <
L < < / < < < < < /
= < < < < < < < / /
P / / < / / < < /
M < < < < < < < < < < <
N / / < < / < <
G?&.5
5A5"-
.
<Q
<L
NQ
<L
PQ
<L
PQ
</
NQ
</
LQ
<L
NQ
<L
LQ
<L
NQ
</
=Q
</
<Q
</
MQ
<=
NQ
<=
<Q
<=
NQ
<=
MQ
<=
<Q
<=




N
5C
J&"4$ G?&.5 5A &$J$!$&"5$

"!5$&?A& RC$"4S #?4 .$,5?A! >A.5$&?A& R5"?-S

/9QNTULNV



LTQNTU=9V


<<QNTU<=V


/3*
>$&?A4 G?&.5 5A &$J$!$&"5$
"!5$&?A& #?4 .$,5?A! >A.5$&?A&
PQ</U =/V

NQ</UPTV

;Q</U;V






Nadaf, Reza Friday, May 9, 2014 8:33:08 AM GOOD MORNING Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:e7:99
!"#$ &'() !)*)+
,-".. /0 .12'31'
4"5$ "6728 /9: /;<=

,A!,-O.?A!:
In this lab we tiisecteu a planaiian to finu out which piece woulu iegeneiate
fiist. I hypothesizeu that the anteiioi piece woulu iegeneiate fiist. 0ui finuings
weie that a gieatei peicentage of the miu section of the tiisecteu planaiian hau
iegeneiateu fiist, S8% iegeneiation foi the entiie 7
th
giaue anu 49% iegeneiation
foi peiiou 2. While the anteiioi poition of the planaiian also hau a high peicentage
of iegeneiation, 42% iegeneiation foi 7
th
giaue anu S7% iegeneiation foi peiiou 2,
it uiu not iegeneiate as quickly as I hau hypothesizeu. Although my peisonal uata
states that the anteiioi piece of the planaiian uiu iegeneiate fiist because the othei
2 sections of the planaiian hau light pigmentation in the heau inuicating that the
cells in the heau hau not fully uevelopeu. In conclusion, planaiia will iegeneiate
when tiisecteu anu the miu section woulu most likely iegeneiate fiist.

"!"-D.?.B
Ny peisonal iesults weie invaliu because my anteiioi appaiently
iegeneiateu fiist while the miu section was the fastest to iegeneiate thioughout the
7
th
giaue. The expeiiment seemeu to have no flaws although it coulu have been
impioveu by changing the watei uaily. Some planaiia tail uioppeu because the
watei was stagnate, because of this it was uifficult tiying to finu out which planaiia
iegeneiateu fiist. In oiuei to impiove it fuithei each section of the planaiia coulu
also have been placeu in uiffeient petii uishes to guaiantee which pait of the
planaiia iegeneiateu fiist.







Nadaf, Reza Friday, May 9, 2014 8:33:08 AM GOOD MORNING Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:e7:99
!"#$ &'() !)*)+
,-".. /0 .12'31'
4"5$ "6728 /9: /;<=

Buman stem cells anu stem cells fiom a planaiia have many similaiities anu
uiffeiences. Planaiian stem cells aie totipotent unlike human auult stem cells, which
aie mostly multipotent, although human zygotes aie totipotent, but only foi the fiist
few uays of feitilization. Stem cells aie unuiffeientiateu cells, which means that they
uo not belong to one class of cell. Totipotent stem cells can become any cell in the
bouy anu some cells outsiue the bouy such as the placenta, while multipotent stem
cells can become some cells within the bouy. Planaiian stem cells anu human stem
cells aie theie foi the same puipose, to iepaii anu ieplace uamageu tissue. Though
planaiian stem cells can iepaii anu ieplace uamageu stem cells to a gieatei extent.
Some scientists believe that stem cells have the ability to iepaii anu ieplace
uamageu tissue anu they can be useu in uiug testing foi uiseases such as Alzheimeis
anu Paikinsons. Theie aie thiee main ways this can be accomplisheu, STAP, IPS, anu
hES. STAP takes a uiffeientiateu cell fiom a peison anu stimulates the cell using a
simple stimulus, like an aciu bath, to cieate an aitificial embiyonic stem cell. Buiing
IPS a scientist inseits a new gene into a uiffeientiateu cell to cieate an aitificial
embiyonic stem cell. hES, oi human embiyonic stem cells, takes stem cells fiom a
human blastocyst (a iecently feitilizeu human egg) cieateu in an IvC oi In vitio
Feitilization clinic. These stem cells aie then useu foi uiug testing, anu iepaiiing
anu ieplacing uamageu tissue. hES was a highly contioveisial stuuy until STAP anu
IPS weie cieateu. Some people believeu that hES was ciuel because when the stem
cells weie iemoveu fiom the blastocyst the iest of the blastocyst was uestioyeu.
Those people believeu that because the blastocyst hau the potential to become a
human it shoulu have the same iights as a human. But when STAP anu IPS weie
intiouuceu hES was not neeueu as much anu theiefoie stem cell ieseaich became
less contioveisial.




Nadaf, Reza Friday, May 9, 2014 8:33:08 AM GOOD MORNING Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:e7:99
!"#$ &'() !)*)+
,-".. /0 .12'31'
4"5$ "6728 /9: /;<=

Bibliogiaphy
NLA Foimat

!"#"$%& (&%"#&" )"*+#%#, -"#$"+. /01" ($"2 -"33 4"5*$"6 78 7$ 9:"+;./ )"*+#.!"#"$%&8 <
=*> ?@AB C1$$D6EE3"*+#.,"#"$%&8.F$*1."GFE&H#$"#$E8$"2&"338E8&%88F"


-"#$"#HI -1+%8. /JHK 4H ($"2 -"338 LH+M; 7N( *#G (0ON -"338 H+ JHK $H -+"*$"
O+$%P%&%*3 ($"2 -"338 P+H2 Q*$F+*3 9#"8./ RHF0F5". RHF0F5"I SA T*#. ?@AB. L"5. @< =*>
?@AB.

Nadaf, Reza Friday, May 9, 2014 8:33:08 AM GOOD MORNING Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:e7:99