THEORETICAL MODELS OF

READING
TOP DOWN PROCESSING
ANIS FARZANA
SELLY AINA
NURUL AMIRA
ALIA FARHANA
The top-down reading model :
Happens when someone uses background information
to predict overall content of the passage.
Encourages students to focus more on understanding
the main ideas of a passage than understanding every
word.
READER WILL :
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
GLOBAL EXPECTATION
Based on
Purpose of top-down reading
model
1) Encourages students to focus more on
understanding the main ideas of a passage
than understanding every word.

2) Increase students understanding of text

3) Encourage students active involvement

4) New readers will begin to understand
new vocabulary

5) Increase students reading fluency

6) Encourage perserverance

PROBLEMS OF
TOP- DOWN
MODEL
When reading topics which are completely new
and foreign, it is inefficient, impractical and
perhaps impossible to make predictions about the
reading.
E.g. Imagine an orang asli boy who has never left the village
reading about MP3
Or 4 years old pupils from Malaysia reading about Halloween.
Decoding skills were greatly neglected through
emphasizing the importance of the prediction of
meaning.
misinterpretation of meaning