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sulfonamides are drugs most commonly used on poultry farms. They can be easily
absorbed and distributed through the body of chickens, accumulated in various tissues
and transferred into their products (KAN and PETZ, 2000; WEISS et al, 2007).
Interestingly, sulfonamides were detected in 41.6% (5 out of 12 non-compliant
results) among antibacterials found in eggs (ANONYMOUS 10, 2006).
Residue of sulfadimethoxine has been observed in broiler tissues following dietary
administration at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg (NAGATA, 1994). The residue was very
rapidly eliminated from tissues with less than 0.1 g/g remaining within two days
after the drug withdrawal. This result is in the range of the study of TAKAHASHI
(1991), who reported that sulfadimethoxine was rapidly disappeared from plasma and
tissues (except skin) on the 3rd-5th day post dosed via drinking water. Compared to
sulfadimethoxine residue in laying hens, it has been found that it quickly distributed
through the body and reached a constant level in various tissues at 8 hours after feed
(FURUSAWA and MUKAI, 1995

. Feed containing sulfadimethoxine (60 mg/kg) and sulfaquinoxaline (100
mg/kg) in turkeies was also studied by EPSTEIN and ASHWORTH (1989); presented
sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline needed 2-3 and 4-6 days respectively for liver
and muscle tissues to decrease to the level of 0.1 g/g.

The result showed that sulfaquinoxaline was the highest residue found in samples
(plasma, muscle, liver, ovary and oviduct) whereas sulfadimidine was the lowest, after
seven days of the treatment.

2.5.1 Properties of sulfadimidine
Sulfadimidine (SDD), known as sulfamethazine, is one of the most widely used
sulfonamides in animals. It has reportedly been effectively used against a wide variety
of infectious diseases, a common therapeutic drug, especially for cattle, swine and
poultry. It is approved for treating coccidiosis and has been used as a growth promoter
in swine and cattle

Sulfadimidine is generally more rapidly eliminated after injection than by oral
application via feed or drinking water (BOTSOGLOU and FLETOURIS, 2001).