Introduction to Magnetic Particle Testing

Introduction Basic Concepts

Physical principles and fundamentals of magnetic particles

Magnetic Domains Permanent magnets Temporary magnets Ferro, para and dia magnetic materials Lines of force Magnetic flux Magnetising force

Magnetizing Current
Direct Current Alternating Current Rectified Alternating Current Half Wave Rectified Alternating Current (HWAC) Full Wave Rectified Alternating Current (FWAC) (Single Phase) Three Phase Full Wave Rectified Alternating Current

Hysteresis Field distribution in magnetic and nonmagnetic conductors

Solid magnetic conductor Solid nonmagnetic conductor Hollow magnetic conductor Hollow non-magnetic conductor Alternating current field distribution Direct current residual fields Alternating current residual fields Solenoid Electromagnet

Methods of magnetization
Longitudinal magnetization Circular magnetization

Magnetization techniques
Permanent magnets Electromagnets Coils Magnetization by passage of current Magnetization technique by induction

EQUIPMENT
Knowledge of equipment Permanent magnets Electromagnetic yoke Portable and stationary equipment Types of current and concepts of testing capacity Demagnetization equipment Maintenance and use of the equipment

ACCESSORIES
Contact points Vessels for checking bath concentration Field indicator (berthold test piece) Calibration pieces (JIS) Magnetic field measurement equipment (gauss meter) Ultraviolet lamps Coloured and fluorescent powders Colour for increasing contrast Testing Practices
Dry Particles Wet Suspension Magnetic Rubber Continuous & Residual Magnetization Field Direction & Intensity L/D Ratio

Test sequences
Part surface Magnetization of the inspection surface Indicating medium selection and application Interpretation of indications Demagnetization Post cleaning

Miscellaneous field practices

Preparation of the wet and dry suspension for coloured and fluorescent particles Techniques for checking field sensitivity Field indicators for evaluating the sensitivity of the test Verification of the remanent fields Reasons for demagnetization Process Control
Particle Concentration Suspension Conta ination !lectrical Syste

Lig"ting !ye Considerations

Terminology and abbreviations Some derived units and abbreviations