Amando Martin Biot 52 Prof Dekloe 21 April 2014 Biotechnology 52 Take home Exam 1.

Biotech companies use biological processes to make a product or solve a problem. Perhaps one of the most well-known products that is a result of biotechnology is insulin, which was first produced by Genentech in Insulin is made with recombinant DNA technology, which in the case of insulin, is when the human genes for insulin production are inserted into yeast cells, which then become tiny insulin factories. 2. The paradigm shifts of the 70s and 80s apply to biotechnology because biotechnology in itself is a paradigm shift. Before biotech, there were just pharmaceutical companies that produced medicine by chemistry and were limited to certain types of medicines. Before biotech, nobody had imagined that it would be possible to produce biological molecules that are impossible to synthesize from scratch with chemistry. Biotech is a new way of thinking. 3. 4. Paradigm shifting is like thinking outside of the the box and inventing new ways to do things that might seem really strange or unconventional but offer a olution that works. Biotech altogether is a paradign shift from chemistry-produced drugs to biologically-produced drugs. 5. Monoclonal antibodies are lab-produced antibodies that can be designed to attach to specific antigens like ones found in certain cancers. These antibodies signal the immune system to attack the cells with the marked antigens. Biotech companies sell the monoclonal antibodies that they produce to hospitals that treat cancer patients. 6. The Food and Drug Act of 1906 was started by muckrakers exposing the dangers of the food and medicine industry. Books like Upton Sinclairs The Jungle exposed to the public how meat was constantly being contaminated. Also, in an attempt to reveal whether or not certain food preservatives were toxic, a group of men nicknamed the Poison Squad volunteered to eat food with the preservatives in question for several months to see if they suffered any ill effects. The cosmetic act was caused by similar eventscosmetic products were found to contain 8. The FDA is an organization that is responsible for making sure that all consumer products like food, drugs, and cosmetics are safe for people to use. It regulates drugs by making proposed drugs go through a process of trials to ensure that the products will be safe for human consumption and use.